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Cellulase mixtures from Hypocrea jecorina are commonly used for the saccharification of cellulose in biotechnical applications. The most abundant β-glucosidase in the mesophilic fungus Hypocrea jecorina is HjCel3A, which hydrolyzes the β-linkage between two adjacent molecules in dimers and short oligomers of glucose. It has been shown that enhanced levels of HjCel3A in H. jecorina cellulase mixtures benefit the conversion of cellulose to glucose. Biochemical characterization of HjCel3A shows that the enzyme efficiently hydrolyzes (1,4)- as well as (1,2)-, (1,3)-, and (1,6)-β-D-linked disaccharides. For crystallization studies, HjCel3A was produced in both H. jecorina (HjCel3A) and Pichia pastoris (Pp-HjCel3A). Whereas the thermostabilities of HjCel3A and Pp-HjCel3A are the same, Pp-HjCel3A has a higher degree of N-linked glycosylation. Here, we present x-ray structures of HjCel3A with and without glucose bound in the active site. The structures have a three-domain architecture as observed previously for other glycoside hydrolase family 3 β-glucosidases. Both production hosts resulted in HjCel3A structures that have N-linked glycosylations at Asn(208) and Asn(310). In H. jecorina-produced HjCel3A, a single N-acetylglucosamine is present at both sites, whereas in Pp-HjCel3A, the P. pastoris-produced HjCel3A enzyme, the glycan chains consist of 8 or 4 saccharides. The glycosylations are involved in intermolecular contacts in the structures derived from either host. Due to the different sizes of the glycosylations, the interactions result in different crystal forms for the two protein forms., (© 2014 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.)

The glycoside hydrolase family 3 (GH3) β‐glucosidases are a structurally diverse family of enzymes. Cel3A from Neurospora crassa (NcCel3A) belongs to a subfamily of key enzymes that are crucial for industrial biomass degradation. β‐Glucosidases hydrolyse the β‐1,4 bond at the nonreducing end of cellodextrins. The hydrolysis of cellobiose is of special importance as its accumulation inhibits other cellulases acting on crystalline cellulose. Here, the crystal structure of the biologically relevant dimeric form of NcCel3A is reported. The structure has been refined to 2.25 Å resolution, with an Rcryst and Rfree of 0.18 and 0.22, respectively. NcCel3A is an extensively N‐glycosylated glycoprotein that shares 46% sequence identity with Hypocrea jecorina Cel3A, the structure of which has recently been published, and 61% sequence identity with the thermophilic β‐glucosidase from Rasamsonia emersonii. NcCel3A is a three‐domain protein with a number of extended loops that deepen the active‐site cleft of the enzyme. These structures characterize this subfamily of GH3 β‐glucosidases and account for the high cellobiose specificity of this subfamily. The glycoside hydrolase family 3 β‐glucosidase Cel3A from Neurospora crassa (NcCel3A) is highly specific for cellobiose. The crystal structure of NcCel3A has been solved to 2.25 Å resolution. The structure is a dimer and exhibits a high degree of N‐glycosylation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the structure and substrate specificity of beta-glucosidase (CelB) from the hyperthermophilic archeon Pyrococcus furiosus. Difference in substrate specificity between two types of glycosidases; Characterization of the purified mutant CelB enzyme through mutagenesis; Cell site substitutions of CelB to increase phosphorylated galactose activity.

Examines the improvement in low-temperature catalysis in Pyrococcus furiosus (CelB) by directed evolution. Selection of CelB variants with higher activity on p-nitrophenyl-beta-delta-glucopyranoside at room temperature; Accommodation of CelB on amino acids; Residues critical to the determination of thermostability, low-temperature activity and substrate recognition.