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Dough fermentation in gluten-free bakery products is problematic due to the absence of gluten, which provides advantageous rheological properties. A thermodynamic sensor (TDS) system combined with an electronic nose was tested as an alternative to conventional methods monitoring dough development based on mechanical properties. In the first part, the configuration of the sensors in the thermodynamic system and their response to different heat-source positions, which significantly affect the output signal from the measurement system, were investigated. The practical contribution lies in the application of the measurements to the example of gluten-free doughs with and without edible insect enrichment. An optimized configuration of the thermodynamic system (one sensor on the inner wall of the container at the bottom and another in the middle of the container closer to the top of the dough) in combination with an experimental electronic nose was used for the aforementioned measurement. In some cases, up to 87% correlation between the signal from the TDS and the signals from a professional rheofermentometer Rheo F-4 (Chopin) was demonstrated. The differences between the results can be explained by the use of different techniques. Using a combination of sensor systems in one place, one time and one sample can lead to more comprehensive and robust results. Furthermore, it was shown that the fermentation activity increased in corn dough with the addition of insects compared to dough without the addition. In rice flour dough with the addition of edible insects, fermentation activity was similar to that of the flour without the addition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to discuss the significant role of the α-amylase enzyme in the production and rheological characteristics of gluten-free rice dough and baked bread. Small deformation and large deformation methods were used to evaluate the effect of the α-amylase enzyme addition on the dough and bread rheological characteristics. The baking properties of bread were evaluated by specific volume, baking loss, and Texture profile analysis parameters. The effect of the added enzyme on the dough microstructure was also evaluated. Small deformation study of doughs showed the highest significant changes after enzyme addition in 0.5S and extra-fine flour doughs. The dynamic rheological study of the flours doughs during the heating period showed significant changes in doughs properties as a function of α-amylase. After enzyme addition, a significant difference in crumb hardness was observed in the fine, semi-coarse, and extra-fine bread. After α-amylase addition in black rice, 0.5S and extra-fine doughs G’, G” and values were decreased. The research explains how the alpha-amylase enzyme effect the rheological characteristics of gluten-free dough and bread. Rheological analysis of doughs made from flour during the heating period indicated that the properties of the doughs were significantly affected by the presence of α-amylase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]