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Background: Street children's level of knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) regarding sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV-related diseases remains a challenge since it is difficult to reach all key populations. This study aims to provide an overview of the findings of STI cases and their association with the KAP of street children in Jakarta and Banten., Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on 259 male street children (aged 10 -21 years old). We collected the data through questionnaire interviews, history taking, physical examination, and specimen collection for STI and HIV testing., Results: 5.8% ( n = 15) STI cases were discovered, consisting of Hepatitis B ( n = 6), Hepatitis C ( n = 1), HIV ( n = 2), Chlamydia ( n = 3), Syphilis ( n = 1), and Gonorrhea ( n = 1). Buskers (44.4%) and other occupations like helping parents sell their wares, parking lot attendants, shoe shiners, or gathering (44.8%) dominated the sociodemographic characteristics. Condomless sex predominated risky sexual behavior, despite some subjects already having good knowledge., Conclusion: Sociodemographic characteristics and the KAP of street children in Indonesia are varied. The association between the KAP level and STI cases in street children is challenging to describe. Further studies covering more areas in Indonesia are required., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Background Neisseria gonorrhoeae has developed resistance to various antimicrobials. At least 10 countries have reported treatment failures with extended-spectrum cephalosporins. Periodic surveillance is essential to determine local treatment guidelines. This study was conducted to determine the resistance of N. gonorrhoeae to penicillin, tetracycline, levofloxacin, cefixime and ceftriaxone among the high-risk population for acquiring STIs in Jakarta and to identify factors associated with resistance., Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jakarta, Indonesia, from September to November 2018. In all, 98 high-risk males and females who fulfilled the study criteria were included. Specimens were collected from urethral or endocervical swabs, put into Amies transport medium and then transported to the Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Universitas Indonesia for culture and identification. Proven gonococcal isolates were examined for susceptibility to various antimicrobials using the disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines., Results: Of the 98 specimens, 35 were confirmed to be N. gonorrhoeae. The proportion of N. gonorrhoeae specimens resistant to penicillin, tetracycline, levofloxacin, cefixime and ceftriaxone among the high-risk population was 97.1%, 97.1%, 34.3%, 0% and 0% respectively. The possible factors associated with resistance could only be analysed for levofloxacin. Age, sexual orientation and a history of orogenital sexual activity during the past month were not associated with N. gonorrhoeae resistance to levofloxacin., Conclusion: This study detected no resistance of N. gonorrhoeae to cefixime and ceftriaxone. Further studies with larger samples are needed to obtain more representative results of N. gonorrhoeae resistance and the possible factors associated with resistance.

Background and Aim: There is an increasing rate of antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoeae). Several obstacles affect the culture and susceptibility testing of N. gonorrhoeae. This study was aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and molecular characteristics in multidrug-resistant (MDR) N. gonorrhoeae in Jakarta, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: Forty-one endocervical specimens were streaked onto the chocolate agar and then gently rolled onto a glass object. The suspected colonies were identified by Gram staining, oxidase testing, and biochemical identification using VITEK® 2 NH cards. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion or E-test method. Molecular detection of N. gonorrhoeae was carried out using the SYBR green real-time PCR targeting the opa gene. The multiplex real-time PCR with high-resolution melting (HRM) was also conducted to analyze the gene mutations in penA and 23S rRNA. DNA sequencing was used to confirm penA and 23S rRNA mutations. Results: SYBR green real-time PCR against the opa gene on direct specimens detected N. gonorrhoeae with higher positivity rate (49%) compared to the culture (34%). Susceptibility testing detected 11.1% N. gonorrhoeae resistant to cefixime, whereas resistance to azithromycin and ceftriaxone was 0%. The resistance of N. gonorrhoeae to levofloxacin and kanamycin was 33.3% and 88.9%, respectively. All isolates were resistant to penicillin, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin. There were no mutations in the penA genes Ala501, Gly545Ser, 23S rRNA A2059G and C2611T. Conclusion: Cefixime resistance was found in our samples. This resistence was not correlated with penA gene mutations. All isolates were still susceptiblle to azithromycin, which was in line with its molecular characteristics. The SYBR green real-time PCR targeting the opa gene successfully detected the DNA extracted from endocervical swabs as N. gonorrhoeae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monkeypox is a viral zoonotic disease. It has evolved into human-to-human transmission with similar characteristics to smallpox. In contrast with the previous endemic outbreak, this 2022 multinational outbreak found numerous data of different skin lesions, predilections and populations. Furthermore, recent findings regarding monkeypox revealed the possibility of sexual transmission. As a basis for future monkeypox diagnosis guidelines, providing comprehensive data on the symptoms, predilections, age at presentation, previous history of sexual activities, comorbidities, range of incubation period from the time of sexual activity until the symptoms occured, as criteria for diagnosis of sexual transmitted disease. We performed a comprehensive search on a topic that assesses the outbreak of monkeypox disease in 2022 regarding the route of transmission from inception up until September 2022. There were 1310 patients from 10 studies who had monkeypox disease in 2022. Patients were mostly found in European countries, with averaging in their 30s, and were 99.54% male. Vesiculopustular lesions and ulcers with central umbilication appeared prior to prodromal signs were characteristic. Approximately 90% were transmitted during sexual intercourse and in homosexual group (MSM/Men who have sex with men), and 5-10% between bisexuals. Approximately 40.84% cases also had HIV as a comorbid disease and 15.42% have concurrent or history of sexually transmitted infection (STI) including syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, herpes simplex, mixed, and other STIs. Homosexual and bisexual populations are the most high risk populations in the 2022 outbreak of monkeypox disease. The epidemiology, clinical manifestation, and type of skin lesion were different from the previous outbreak. The findings in this review may supplement information to further establish clinical guidelines on the new presentation of monkeypox disease. Further largescale studies are necessary to further describe and verify the data with higher levels of evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]