28 results on '"GOVERNANCE REFORM"'
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2. Challenges to Governance Reform and Accountability in Egypt
- Author
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Bremer, Jennifer, Farazmand, Ali, Series editor, and Dawoody, Alexander R., editor
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Chapter eleven The Continuing Quest for Good Urban Governance: Concluding Reflections
- Author
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van den Dool, Leon, Hendriks, Frank, Gianoli, Alberto, Schaap, Linze, Wollmann, Hellmut, Series editor, Baldersheim, Harald, Series editor, John, Peter, Series editor, van den Dool, Leon, Hendriks, Frank, Gianoli, Alberto, and Schaap, Linze
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Hybrid Governance: Lebanon
- Author
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Mac Ginty, Roger and Mac Ginty, Roger
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Governance and Good Governance: A New Framework for Political Analysis.
- Author
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Keping, Yu
- Abstract
In a time of great change, accelerating globalization and increasing uncertainty, all countries, whether developed or developing, are searching for a new form of governance that is better adapted to the times so as to gain an advantage in economic competitiveness and create substantial and sustainable social growth. As governance theory is becoming the dominant political theory in response to the change, the values backing the discourse and texts consistent with them have helped revise the theory of government in mainstream politics and were agreed upon by global politicians, scholars, officials and entrepreneurs. When we comprehend governance theory based on the practice of public administration in China, it strikes us how theoretically and practically important governance theory is for rebuilding the intellectual system of China’s democratic politics, searching for an institutional platform for good governance, transforming the public policy-making model and getting rid of the practice in public administration in the process of market-oriented development that is inefficient, or even fails in many ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Linking Governance and Development
- Author
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Madon, Shirin and Madon, Shirin
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Governance and the Private Sector in Africa
- Author
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Cotton, Linda, Ramachandran, Vijaya, Van De Walle, Nicolas, editor, Ball, Nicole, editor, and Ramachandran, Vijaya, editor
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Yu Keping and Chinese Intellectual Discourse on Good Governance.
- Author
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Qinghua Wang and Gang Guo
- Subjects
- *
DEMOCRACY , *POLITICAL reform , *CIVIL society ,CHINESE politics & government - Abstract
By reviewing the ideas of Yu Keping, one of the most prominent Chinese theorists on Chinese-style democracy and a key contributor to Chinese intellectual discourse on good governance, this article has two objectives: to fill a research gap in China studies by examining influential discourse during the past decade; and to shed light on Yu's controversial conception of Chinese-style democracy, which is intertwined with his views on good governance. We find that the discourse revolves around the call to “move China towards good governance.” First, the ultimate objective of China's political reform is to move towards good governance, and not towards what Western social scientists call “democracy.” Second, “good government” and civil society are two keys for achieving good governance, which demonstrates that Yu's basic orientation is liberal. Third, governance reform, constituting a major component of China's political reform, has achieved much progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Addressing the Enforcement Gap to Counter Crime : Part 1. Crime, Poverty and the Police
- Author
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Gramckow, Heike P., Greene, Jack, Marshall, Ineke, and Barao, Lisa
- Subjects
ADJUDICATION ,BASIC SERVICES ,COMMUNITY POLICING ,CRIMINAL LAW ,POOR NEIGHBORHOODS ,INITIATIVES ,THEFTS ,THEFT ,CRIMES ,CIVIL SOCIETY ,TERRORISM ,ARREST ,BRIBE ,RULE OF LAW ,POLICE OFFICERS ,GOVERNMENTS ,CRIME ,JUVENILE OFFENDERS ,CRIMINALITY ,INTEGRITY ,CRIMINAL SANCTIONS ,BANK ,INVESTIGATIONS ,CRIME VICTIMIZATION ,ASSETS ,TRIAL ,ABUSES ,CRIMINAL JUSTICE ,SOLICITATION ,SANCTIONS ,VIOLENCE ,SCANDALS ,TRANSPARENCY ,LAW ENFORCEMENT ,ORGANIZATIONS ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,STRATEGIES ,CASES ,CORRUPT ,ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE ,DETENTION ,POLICE OFFICER ,CORRUPTION LEGISLATION ,DISPUTE RESOLUTION ,GOVERNANCE REFORM ,LEGAL RESEARCH ,BRIBERY ,PROSECUTORS ,SERVICES ,JUVENILE JUSTICE ,JUDGES ,CRIMINOLOGY ,LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES ,ROLE OF POLICE ,HUMAN RIGHTS ,PROSECUTION ,POLICE SERVICES ,MALFEASANCE ,DISCRETION ,PUBLIC SAFETY ,MEDIATION ,INVESTIGATION ,GANGS ,ENFORCEMENT ,SOCIAL PROBLEMS ,JUVENILE DELINQUENCY ,SERVICE ,INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT ,DUE PROCESS ,CRIMINALS ,INVESTIGATORS ,CORRUPT PRACTICES ,ARBITERS ,FREE PRESS ,ACCOUNTING ,ARRESTS ,NEIGHBORHOODS ,ROBBERY ,ACCESS TO JUSTICE ,FALSE ARRESTS ,POLICIES ,GOVERNANCE ,POLICY ,MINISTRIES OF JUSTICE ,POLICE ,JUSTICE ,SAFETY ,CRIMINAL ENTERPRISES ,COURT PROCEEDINGS ,CRIMINAL ,COURTS ,GOVERNMENT ,STATE COURTS ,MILITARY POLICE ,CONFIDENCE ,PROBLEM ORIENTED POLICING ,GOOD GOVERNANCE ,CRIME PREVENTION ,POLICE CORRUPTION ,ORGANIZATION ,SOCIAL STRUCTURE ,ETHIC ,POLICE TECHNIQUES ,LEGAL STATUS ,POLICE MANAGEMENT ,OFFENSES ,POLICING ,MEDIUM ,COMPLAINTS ,COUNSEL ,LEGAL SYSTEMS ,ANTI-CORRUPTION ,STRATEGY ,ABUSE ,POLITICS ,DELINQUENCY ,PRISONS ,CORRUPTION ,LAWYERS ,KICKBACKS ,LAWS ,GANG ,LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS ,CIVIL LAW ,LEADERSHIP ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,LAW ,VIOLENT CRIMES ,ETHICS - Abstract
Crime and violence impede development and disproportionally impact poor people in many countries across the world. Though crime and violence represent serious problems in many countries, less-developed countries experience particular concentrations, especially those that are characterized by fragile or less-trusted government institutions and pervasive insecurity. Under such circumstances, human, social, political, and economic development suffers. Research across the globe has shown that holistic approaches that focus on the entire spectrum of a government's crime response chain, ranging from crime prevention to enforcement, tend to have better outcomes than isolated interventions involving only the police or other individual government agency. To date, most of the Bank's investment in efforts to reduce crime have focused on crime prevention in the form of urban and social development programs. Investment and policy lending that support the improvement of police operations to reduce crime and develop stronger neighborhoods are more limited. To assist country teams and client counterparts in their efforts to develop effective, holistic responses against crime that include the police, justice reform staff in the Governance Global Practice teamed up with internationally recognized experts to compile evidence-based good practice information for developing effective police responses to crime. The resulting three part publication, titled Addressing the Enforcement Gap to Counter Crime: Investing in Public Safety, the Rule of Law and Local Development in Poor Neighborhoods outlines the impact of crime and violence on development and the poor in particular and explains a proven three-pronged approach to creating police agencies that work in collaboration with communities and other government and private service providers to identify crime problems, develop holistic and inclusive solutions the apply a restorative justice approach. The publication also outlines how such approach can be integrated into Bank projects and client country reform plans.
- Published
- 2016
10. Governance Partnership Facility Final Report 2009-2015 : Results, Lessons, and Legacy
- Author
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Governance Partnership Facility
- Subjects
PUBLIC INFORMATION ,INDICATORS ,BUDGET TRANSPARENCY ,NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS ,FOREIGN INVESTORS ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,MEASUREMENT ,PUBLIC SECTOR PERFORMANCE ,YOUNG PEOPLE ,PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY ,COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT ,INSTITUTIONAL REFORM ,CITIZEN FEEDBACK ,TRANSPARENT INFORMATION ,NATIONAL LEVEL ,PARTICIPATORY PLANNING ,INCOME ,CIVIL SOCIETY ,OVERSIGHT ,RULE OF LAW ,CIVIL WAR ,INSTITUTIONAL QUALITY ,PUBLIC PROCUREMENT ,CRIME ,GOVERNANCE ENVIRONMENT ,PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ,STATISTICS ,POLITICAL FREEDOMS ,POVERTY ,PUBLIC SECTOR GOVERNANCE ,BUDGET PRIORITIES ,PUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,PUBLIC PROCUREMENT CONTRACTS ,INSTITUTIONS ,GROWTH ,SOCIAL ACTION ,TAX COLLECTION ,ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ,CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION ,TRANSPARENCY CHALLENGES ,TELEVISION ,TRANSPARENCY ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,LOCAL INSTITUTIONS ,INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE ,PRIME MINISTER ,PUBLIC GOVERNANCE ,PRIMARY EDUCATION ,FIGHTING CORRUPTION ,GLOBAL GOVERNANCE ,GOVERNANCE REFORMS ,DEMOCRACY ,GOVERNANCE CONSTRAINTS ,MUNICIPAL SERVICES ,INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY ,CIVIL SOCIETY ACTIVISTS ,GOVERNANCE INDICATORS ,PROPERTY RIGHTS ,INSTITUTIONAL INCENTIVES ,COLLECTIVE ACTION ,CIVIC EDUCATION ,CITIZEN VOICE ,GOVERNANCE REFORM ,DECISION MAKING ,GOVERNANCE PROBLEMS ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ,PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS ,EMPOWERMENT PARADIGM ,SERVICES ,INTERNATIONAL AID ,LOCAL LEVELS ,LOCAL COMMUNITIES ,GOVERNANCE PROGRAMS ,HUMAN RIGHTS ,GOVERNANCE DIMENSIONS ,ANTI CORRUPTION ,PARLIAMENT ,NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS ,INEQUALITY ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,GOVERNANCE PROGRAM ,COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION ,POLITICAL ANALYSIS ,COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY ,GOVERNANCE COMPONENT ,GOVERNANCE ISSUES ,SERVICE ,ADMINISTRATIVE ARRANGEMENTS ,IMPROVING GOVERNANCE ,CITIZEN PARTICIPATION ,CITIZEN OVERSIGHT ,CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS ,POLITICAL INTERFERENCE ,CITIZENS ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ,GOVERNANCE INDICATOR ,ANTI CORRUPTION PROGRAM ,SECURITY ,POLITICAL LEADERSHIP ,LOCAL GOVERNANCE ,INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,GOVERNANCE ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ,CONSULTATION PROCESS ,COMMUNITY ,JUDICIAL REFORM ,YOUTH ,MONITORING TOOLS ,REGULATION ,CITIZEN ,SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ,PRIVATE SECTOR GROWTH ,GRAND CORRUPTION ,BUDGET INFORMATION ,GOOD GOVERNANCE ,TECHNOCRATIC APPROACH ,DEMOCRATIC REGIMES ,PARTICIPATION ,BUREAUCRACY ,PUBLIC OFFICIALS ,PUBLIC POLICY ,POOR PERFORMANCE ,TAX REVENUES ,GOVERNANCE CHALLENGES ,COMMUNITY SERVICE ,CONSULTATIVE PROCESS ,PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT ,CAUSAL EFFECT ,POLITICS ,GOVERNANCE PROCESSES ,EXTERNAL ACCOUNTABILITY ,CONTRACTS ,INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT ,POVERTY ALLEVIATION ,PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT ,ANTICORRUPTION ,MEASURING GOVERNANCE ,POLITICAL CHANGE ,CORRUPTION ,STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ,LOCAL MEDIA ,GOVERNANCE OBJECTIVES ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,POLITICAL PARTIES ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,TAX EVASION ,GOVERNANCE CHALLENGE ,HUMAN RESOURCE - Abstract
Over the past five years, the World Bank has made significant progress supporting governance as a core element in operations to end extreme poverty and boost shared prosperity. To help its clients, the Bank strives to deepen its understanding of the environment through the design and implementation of its projects. Since the inception of the Governance and Anticorruption (GAC) Strategy in 2008, the Governance Partnership Facility (GPF) has played a vital role in the success of its implementation.
- Published
- 2016
11. The politics of development
- Author
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Brian Levy
- Subjects
Civil society ,Sociology and Political Science ,Corruption ,media_common.quotation_subject ,corruption ,governance challenges ,Development policy ,decision making ,Political leaders ,Good governance ,Politics ,Political science ,institutional reform ,civil society ,media_common ,youth ,citizen ,governance reforms ,political competition ,political institutions ,governance reform ,Public institution ,economic development ,Urban Studies ,accountability ,public officials ,Property rights ,public procurement ,political stability ,Political economy ,Accountability ,good governance ,property rights ,Economic system ,public institutions - Abstract
The numerous tectonic shifts that have shaken the foundations of the development paradigm over the last halfcentury have had far-reaching implications for development policy formulation and implementation.
- Published
- 2009
12. World Bank Policy Lending and the Quality of Public Sector Governance
- Author
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Smets, Lodewijk and Knack, Stephen
- Subjects
INDICATORS ,ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,MEASUREMENT ,ACCESS TO INFORMATION LAW ,PUBLIC SECTOR PERFORMANCE ,PROJECTS ,ECONOMIC REFORMS ,DIAGNOSTIC INSTRUMENTS ,EMPLOYMENT ,ELECTORAL SYSTEMS ,CRITERIA ,INSTITUTIONAL REFORM ,LENDING ,INCOME ,CIVIL SOCIETY ,MACROECONOMICS ,PRODUCTIVITY ,RULE OF LAW ,GOVERNMENTS ,POLITICAL LEADERS ,POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS ,STATISTICS ,POLITICAL FREEDOMS ,POVERTY ,PUBLIC SECTOR GOVERNANCE ,PER CAPITA INCOME ,INTERNAL ACCOUNTABILITY ,BANK ,PUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT ,INSTITUTIONS ,LOANS ,GROWTH ,REGULATORY QUALITY ,TAX COLLECTION ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,TRANSPARENCY ,GOVERNANCE REFORMS ,DEMOCRACY ,INDUSTRY ,HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,GOVERNANCE INDICATORS ,TRANSFERS ,PROPERTY RIGHTS ,COUNTRY CHARACTERISTICS ,COLLECTIVE ACTION ,GOVERNANCE REFORM ,CIVIL SERVICE ,BRIBERY ,GOVERNANCE PROBLEMS ,SERVICES ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,DEBT ,INCOME LEVELS ,GUARANTEES ,PROPERTY ,MEASUREMENT ERROR ,VESTED INTERESTS ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,AUTONOMY ,CRISES ,MACROECONOMIC POLICIES ,STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT ,GOVERNANCE ISSUES ,SERVICE ,AUDITS ,MACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT ,MACROECONOMIC STABILITY ,SOCIAL POLICIES ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,ACCOUNTING ,HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ,GOVERNANCE INDICATOR ,CONTROLLING CORRUPTION ,VALUE ,RISK ,INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,ECONOMETRICS ,GOVERNANCE ,REVENUE MOBILIZATION ,ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS ,DECENTRALIZATION ,COMMUNITY ,FISCAL POLICY ,ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM ,REGULATION ,SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ,INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY ,REVENUE ,ECONOMIC POLICIES ,EQUITY ,GRANTS ,GOOD GOVERNANCE ,DEMOCRATIC REGIMES ,GOVERNANCE QUALITY ,PARTICIPATION ,BUREAUCRACY ,PUBLIC POLICY ,TAX REVENUES ,LEGISLATION ,PUBLIC POLICIES ,COUNTRY DATA ,PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT ,AID DEPENDENCE ,LABOR ,POLITICS ,INTEREST ,INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS ,POLITICAL RIGHTS ,CORRUPTION ,FOREIGN AID ,REVERSE CAUSALITY ,POLICY OUTCOMES ,BUREAUCRATIC QUALITY ,TRANSPORT ,LAWS ,TAX ADMINISTRATION ,POLITICAL PARTIES ,URBAN DEVELOPMENT ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,HUMAN RESOURCE ,TAX SYSTEM - Abstract
This study investigates the impact of World Bank development policy lending for public sector governance on the quality of public sector management and institutions. The World Bank’s Country Policy and Institutional Assessments (CPIA) are used to measure the latter, the study considers only policy conditions targeted at improvements in those areas. The analysis uses a comprehensive country-year panel data set of aid receiving-countries and finds a significant and inverse U-shaped effect of public sector conditions on the quality of public sector governance. For most observed values in the data, the impact is positive, but it turns negative beyond a value of 80 conditions. At that point, the predicted CPIA score is about 0.25 point (0.3 standard deviation) higher than with zero conditions. For most observations, the number of cumulative conditions is below 80, so the estimated effect of more conditions is generally positive. The analysis corrects for potential endogeneity and shows that the results are robust to sample restrictions, the use of an alternative governance measure, and the inclusion of an extended set of control variables. Falsification tests are also consistent with a causal interpretation from conditions to quality of public sector governance. The paper shows that conditions related to public financial management and tax reforms are more effective than those related to anti-corruption or civil service and administrative reform, where progress requires changing the behavior of a larger set of “deconcentrated” actors. The paper concludes by describing some innovative ideas in the Bank’s ambitious new public sector management strategy that could improve the effectiveness of its support for public sector governance reform.
- Published
- 2015
13. Stagnancy in Indonesia’s Reformed State Asset Management Policies and Practices: A Wicked Problem?
- Author
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Diaswati Mardiasmo, Paul Barnes, and Charles John Sampford
- Subjects
Finance ,Government ,Actuarial science ,Wicked problem ,Governance reform ,IT asset management ,150312 Organisational Planning and Management ,business.industry ,Public policy ,090505 Infrastructure Engineering and Asset Management ,Good governance ,Asset management ,Central government ,Public service ,business - Abstract
The policies and regulations governing the practice of state asset management have emerged as an urgent question among many countries worldwide for there is heightened awareness of the complex and crucial role that state assets play in public service provision. Indonesia is an example of such country, introducing a ‘big-bang’ reform in state asset management laws, policies, regulations, and technical guidelines. Indonesia exemplified its enthusiasm in reforming state asset management policies and practices through the establishment of the Directorate General of State Assets in 2006. The Directorate General of State Assets have stressed the new direction that it is taking state asset management laws and policies through the introduction of Republic of Indonesia Law Number 38 Year 2008, which is an amended regulation overruling Republic of Indonesia Law Number 6 Year 2006 on Central/Regional Government State Asset Management. Law number 38/2008 aims to further exemplify good governance principles and puts forward a ‘the highest and best use of assets’ principle in state asset management. The purpose of this study is to explore and analyze specific contributing influences to state asset management practices, answering the question why innovative state asset management policy implementation is stagnant. The methodology of this study is that of qualitative case study approach, utilizing empirical data sample of four Indonesian regional governments. Through a thematic analytical approach this study provides an in-depth analysis of each influencing factors to state asset management reform. Such analysis suggests the potential of an ‘excuse rhetoric’; whereby the influencing factors identified are a smoke-screen, or are myths that public policy makers and implementers believe in, as a means to ex-plain stagnant implementation of innovative state asset management practice. Thus this study offers deeper insights of the intricate web that influences state as-set management innovative policies to state asset management policy makers; to be taken into consideration in future policy writing.
- Published
- 2014
14. SOE Reform : Time for Serious Corporate Governance
- Author
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Speakman, John
- Subjects
CORPORATIONS ,MINORITY SHAREHOLDERS ,STATE BANK ,INTERNAL AUDIT ,STOCK MARKET ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,SUSTAINABLE REFORM ,GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT ,REINSURANCE ,REGULATORY BODY ,WEAK CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ,FINANCE CORPORATION ,ACCOUNTABILITY MECHANISMS ,ECONOMIC REFORMS ,EXTERNALITIES ,GOVERNMENT RESPONSIBILITY ,BAD GOVERNANCE ,STATE OWNERSHIP ,FINANCIAL SECTOR ,AMOUNTS OWED ,AUDIT COMMITTEE ,CHIEF EXECUTIVE ,NATIONAL LEVEL ,STAKEHOLDERS ,PRODUCTIVITY ,STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES ,NATIONS ,STAKEHOLDER ,RED TAPE ,FISCAL BURDEN ,GOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP ,INDEPENDENT DIRECTORS ,PUBLIC PROCUREMENT ,GOVERNANCE ENVIRONMENT ,PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ,BOARDS OF DIRECTORS ,INTERNAL CONTROL ,CONFLICTS OF INTEREST ,DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENTS ,EXCHANGE COMMISSION ,REPRESENTATIVES ,PRINCIPAL-AGENT ,TRANSPARENCY ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,EMERGING MARKETS ,CORPORATE OWNERSHIP ,FINANCIAL MARKETS ,PRIME MINISTER ,DISTRIBUTION COMPANIES ,PRIVATE SECTOR CREDIT ,STRONG CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ,ENTRY POINTS ,LIMITED ,INFORMATION SYSTEMS ,GOVERNANCE PRACTICES ,MARKET STRUCTURE ,PRIVATE SECTOR REPRESENTATIVES ,CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ,FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ,GOVERNANCE REGULATIONS ,GOVERNANCE REFORM ,STOCK EXCHANGE ,ASSET MANAGEMENT ,BALANCE SHEET ,CIVIL SERVICE ,PUBLIC ENTERPRISES ,NATIONAL ECONOMY ,BOARD MEMBERS ,REFORM PROGRAM ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,DEBT ,CONTINGENT LIABILITIES ,COST OF CAPITAL ,REGULATORY AUTHORITY ,FINANCIAL SERVICES ,GOVERNMENT AGENCIES ,CONSENSUS ,COMPANIES ACT ,PROFITABILITY ,CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,CENTRAL BANK ,DISCLOSURE ,NATIONAL BANK ,DIVIDENDS ,MARKET REGULATIONS ,AUTHORITY ,MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS ,MINISTERS ,CAPITAL MARKET ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,ENTERPRISE REFORM ,FINANCIAL SECTORS ,FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY ,KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ,TRANSFER OF OWNERSHIP ,PRIVATE ENTERPRISE ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,CEO ,OUTPUTS ,MONOPOLY ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ,INSURANCE ,INTERNAL AUDIT FUNCTION ,PRIVATE SECTOR GROWTH ,REGULATOR ,CEOS ,JOINT VENTURE ,BANKS ,LIFE INSURANCE ,GOOD GOVERNANCE ,STRONG GOVERNANCE ,HUMAN RESOURCES ,PRIVATE COMPANIES ,BUREAUCRACY ,ACCESS TO CAPITAL MARKETS ,INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES ,PRIVATIZATION ,COMPETITION COMMISSION ,LEGISLATION ,SECURITIES ,COMPETITIVE MARKET ,POOR GOVERNANCE ,HOLDING COMPANIES ,CONSULTATIVE PROCESS ,GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ,LABOR MARKETS ,HARD BUDGET CONSTRAINTS ,CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REFORMS ,CORPORATE STRUCTURE ,EXTERNAL ACCOUNTABILITY ,FOREIGN INVESTMENT ,REGULATORS ,FINANCIAL AUTONOMY ,HOLDING COMPANY ,STATE BANK OF PAKISTAN ,FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE ,FISCAL PROBLEMS ,LEGAL FRAMEWORK ,GROWTH PATH ,AUDIT COMMITTEES ,REGULATORY BODIES ,TRANSPORT ,FINANCIAL SUPPORT ,INDIVIDUALS ,POLITICAL PARTIES ,CHAIRMAN AND CEO ,MARKET ECONOMY ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,LEVEL PLAYING FIELD ,HUMAN RESOURCE - Abstract
This policy paper is motivated by the Government's 'Pakistan: framework for Economic Growth (FEG) 2011' which places weak corporate governance at the top of the 'software' constraints to growth. The efforts to reform the State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) have stalled in Pakistan for almost five years with significant negative implications not only in terms of fiscal losses, but also deteriorated and cost-ineffective service delivery. The paper suggests a number of urgent policy measures designed to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of SOEs. These include basic governance reforms, revamped commercialization processes and enhanced market regulations. The paper also provides some perspectives on international experience on SOE reforms combined with some suggestions on how the Government can move forward.
- Published
- 2012
15. Azerbaijan : World Bank Country-Level Engagement on Governance and Anticorruption
- Author
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Wescott, Clay, Desai, Raj, and Talvitie, Antti
- Subjects
HIGHWAY PROJECT ,FISCAL REFORMS ,INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS ,DECISION-MAKING ,RESOURCE DISTRIBUTION ,ROAD ,PRESIDENCY ,INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,ANTICORRUPTION STRATEGY ,PRESIDENTS ,INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ,BRIBE ,MUNICIPALITIES ,PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS ,PUBLIC PROCUREMENT ,FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION ,FRAUD ,PUBLIC SPENDING ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,DONOR RESOURCES ,REORGANIZATION ,ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ,CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION ,TRANSPARENCY ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,STATE PROCUREMENT ,PENSIONS ,GOVERNMENT MINISTRIES ,LAWYER ,BASIC SERVICE ,ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITIES ,INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY ,PATRONAGE ,INTERNATIONAL FINANCE ,ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS ,CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ,FISCAL PRESSURE ,PROPERTY RIGHTS ,NEW MARKET ,GOVERNANCE REFORM ,ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES ,DISTRICTS ,INFORMATION SYSTEM ,PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS ,TAX COLLECTIONS ,ECONOMIC COOPERATION ,JUDICIAL INSTITUTIONS ,INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING ,MINISTER ,FINANCIAL SERVICES ,DISCRETION ,WEALTH ,LOCAL ROADS ,TAX RATE ,COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ,DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE ,EMPOWERMENT ,INVESTMENT PLAN ,STATE ENTERPRISES ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,ECONOMIC INITIATIVES ,AUDITS ,ZERO TOLERANCE ,TRAFFIC VOLUMES ,DISCRETIONARY POWERS ,LEGAL SYSTEM ,GOVERNMENT REVENUES ,INCOME TAX ,BUSINESS ENABLING ENVIRONMENT ,JUDICIARY ,ACCESS TO INFORMATION ,CIVIL SERVANTS ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ,DECENTRALIZATION ,POLICE ,CABINET OF MINISTERS ,JUSTICE ,EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT ,PUBLIC RESOURCES ,DONOR FUNDS ,DIVERSIFICATION ,START-UPS ,CRIMINAL ,INITIATIVE ,GOOD GOVERNANCE ,SOCIAL ASSISTANCE ,UNION ,PRIVATIZATION ,LOAN ,FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,AUTOMATIC TELLER ,FIDUCIARY STANDARDS ,ENROLLMENT ,PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTABILITY ,BUDGETARY RESOURCES ,INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS ,ANTICORRUPTION ,LENDING PORTFOLIO ,TRANSPORT ,LAWS ,SOCIAL INSURANCE ,PUBLIC INVESTMENT ,MONEY LAUNDERING ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,LEADERSHIP ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,ANTICORRUPTION EFFORTS ,INTERNAL AUDIT ,STATE INSTITUTIONS ,FAMILIES ,OPERATIONAL RISK ,BUSINESS ENABLING ,TRANSACTION COSTS ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT TRAINING ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ,BEST PRACTICE ,FINANCIAL SECTOR ,BANK LENDING ,PUBLIC MANAGEMENT ,CIVIL SOCIETY ,GOVERNMENT DECISION ,TERRORISM ,VEHICLE ,STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES ,NATIONS ,FINANCIAL CRISIS ,PRIVATE SECTOR INVOLVEMENT ,TRADE FACILITATION ,CRIME ,POLITICAL LEADERS ,ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING ,BALANCE SHEETS ,INTEGRITY ,RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ,TECHNICAL SUPPORT ,AUDITING ,ASSETS ,PUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT ,SOCIAL SECTOR ,ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS ,PROCUREMENT ,PROCUREMENT LAW ,REPRESENTATIVES ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,SANCTIONS ,CONSTITUENCIES ,LAW ENFORCEMENT ,REGULATORY REGIMES ,BORROWER ,DEMOCRACY ,MULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS ,ENACTMENT ,MEDIA ,GOVERNANCE INDICATORS ,ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES ,CIVIL SERVICE ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,CREDITS ,DECENTRALIZATION OBJECTIVES ,INEQUALITY ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,ACCESS TO FINANCE ,INVESTIGATION ,DISCLOSURE ,FINANCIAL INFORMATION ,AUTHORITY ,GOVERNMENT EFFORTS ,INVESTMENT CLIMATE ,TRANSIT ,FUEL ,SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEM ,STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT ,ACCESS TO MARKETS ,ACCOUNTING ,PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ,INFORMATION MANAGEMENT ,HIGHWAY ,REVENUE MOBILIZATION ,COMMUNITY-DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ,INSURANCE ,SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ,SOCIAL PROTECTION ,BUREAUCRACY ,PUBLIC POLICY ,TRAFFIC ,LEGISLATION ,INTERNATIONAL BANK ,HOLDING COMPANIES ,GLOBAL INITIATIVES ,ANTICORRUPTION ISSUES ,SAVINGS ,TAX SHARING ,ADB ,CAPACITY BUILDING ,TAX ADMINISTRATION ,REFUGEES ,ADMINISTRATIVE BARRIERS ,GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS ,ISLAMIC DEVELOPMENT BANK ,ETHICS ,EXPENDITURE ,HUMAN RESOURCE ,TAX CODE ,ADVISORY SERVICES ,EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT - Abstract
Azerbaijan is a secular, majority-Shiite, oil and gas-rich country whose per-capita income quadrupled in real terms during the period 2004-10. While rising incomes have reduced poverty, steps towards a more secure, diversified economy are held back by a public sector that rests on vested interests, patronage-based incentive structures, and ingrained patterns of behavior that include significant rent extraction, particularly from the non-oil economy, with minimal checks and balances from Parliament, the private sector, and civil society. Bank engagement in Azerbaijan at the country level focused on areas which had government support. Some modest results have been achieved, even though in many cases modern laws and practices were adopted without adequate plans for implementation. At the project level, the Bank has supported the strengthening of project implementation units (PIUs) and tools for monitoring, and governance and institutional filters have signaled that Governance and Anticorruption (GAC) processes need to be embedded in the Bank projects. At the sector level, the Bank's work was highly relevant in supporting oil revenue transparency, primary education, roads, and the development of safeguards. It was substantially relevant in public financial management, and private sector development and procurement. Bank engagement was moderately relevant in decentralization, civil service reform, and accountability institutions.
- Published
- 2011
16. Liberia : World Bank Country-Level Engagement on Governance and Anticorruption
- Author
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DeGroot, David, Talvitie, Antti, and Umarov, Uktirdjan
- Subjects
AIRPORT ,INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS ,MONEY MANAGEMENT ,DECISION-MAKING ,NATIONAL INTEGRITY SYSTEM ,GENERAL ELECTIONS ,ROAD MANAGEMENT ,ROAD ,PRESIDENCY ,EMPLOYMENT ,INSTITUTIONAL REFORM ,PRESIDENTS ,INCOME ,INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ,PUBLIC PROCUREMENT ,FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION ,PER CAPITA INCOME ,TRANSPORT SECTOR ,FRAUD ,PUBLIC SPENDING ,ARTERIAL ROADS ,REORGANIZATION ,ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ,VIOLENCE ,CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION ,TRANSPARENCY ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE ,BASIC SERVICE ,COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE ,DEPOSITS ,ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITIES ,HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,PATRONAGE ,EFFECTIVE PARTICIPATION ,COUNTRIES MUST ,CIVIC EDUCATION ,GOVERNANCE REFORM ,ASSET MANAGEMENT ,TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE ,DECISION-MAKING AUTHORITY ,RAIL ,PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS ,INTERNAL CONTROLS ,DECLARATION OF ASSETS ,PROSECUTION ,PARLIAMENT ,BUSINESS CLIMATE ,RATIONALIZATION ,ROAD DESIGN ,LOCAL ROADS ,COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ,AUDITOR ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,AUDITS ,POLITICAL APPOINTEES ,CITIZENSHIP ,YOUNG WOMEN ,LOCAL KNOWLEDGE ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,ROADS ,HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ,CONSOLIDATION ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT ,GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS ,ANTICORRUPTION COMMISSION ,DECENTRALIZATION ,MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT ,POLICE ,JUSTICE ,JUDICIAL REFORM ,YOUTH ,DEBT RELIEF ,CONFIDENCE ,INITIATIVE ,COMMUNITY DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT ,GOOD GOVERNANCE ,EXECUTION ,EFFECTIVE GOVERNANCE ,JUDICIAL SYSTEM ,COLLAPSE ,GOVERNMENT SYSTEMS ,LOW INCOME COUNTRIES ,TRANSPORT ,LAWS ,INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT ,PUBLIC INVESTMENT ,MONEY LAUNDERING ,PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITY ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,TRANSIT OPERATIONS ,DISABILITIES ,LEADERSHIP ,GOVERNMENT ENTITIES ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,ANTICORRUPTION EFFORTS ,INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS ,TAX RATES ,PUBLIC SERVICE ,SOCIAL WELFARE ,INTERNAL AUDIT ,TAX ,STATE INSTITUTIONS ,OPERATIONAL RISK ,ENFORCEMENT MECHANISM ,DRIVERS ,PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY ,INFORMATION DISSEMINATION ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ,COUNCILS ,ROAD IMPROVEMENT ,PUBLIC MANAGEMENT ,CIVIL SOCIETY ,TERRORISM ,MANDATES ,NATIONS ,RULE OF LAW ,GOVERNANCE PERFORMANCE ,CONSTITUTION ,INTEGRITY ,RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ,PUBLIC SECTOR GOVERNANCE ,AUDITING ,INFRASTRUCTURE REHABILITATION ,CITY STREETS ,INVESTIGATIONS ,STREETS ,PROCUREMENT ,REPRESENTATIVES ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,SANCTIONS ,REHABILITATION ,LOCAL INSTITUTIONS ,PRIMARY EDUCATION ,PUBLIC ROADS ,CORRUPT ,NATIONAL ELECTIONS ,MULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS ,GOVERNANCE INDICATORS ,SANITATION ,GOVERNANCE COMPONENTS ,HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ,ECONOMIC REVITALIZATION ,CIVIL SERVICE ,ROAD NETWORK ,AFFILIATES ,NATIONALS ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,DEBT ,GOVERNANCE PROGRAMS ,ALLEGIANCE ,INSTITUTION BUILDING ,INFRASTRUCTURE GRANTS ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,DISCLOSURE ,AUTHORITY ,COMPLAINT ,NATIONAL INTEGRITY ,INVESTMENT CLIMATE ,TRANSIT ,MINISTERS ,STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT ,GOVERNANCE ISSUES ,BRIDGE ,FINANCIAL SECTORS ,IMPROVING GOVERNANCE ,MACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT ,CORRUPT PRACTICES ,ROAD SECTOR ,ACCOUNTING ,PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ,GOVERNMENT EFFECTIVENESS ,INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT ,FORMAL EDUCATION ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ,VEHICLES ,CITIZEN ,PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ,RECURRENT EXPENDITURES ,SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENTS ,HUMAN RESOURCES ,CIVIL SERVANT ,PUBLIC OFFICIALS ,GOVERNMENT SPENDING ,RURAL ROADS ,LEGISLATION ,RAIL LINE ,GOVERNANCE CHALLENGES ,GOVERNANCE INSTITUTIONS ,ANTI-CORRUPTION ,COUNTRY DATA ,PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT ,PRIMARY SCHOOL ,GLOBAL INITIATIVES ,LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,ANTICORRUPTION ISSUES ,TAX SHARING ,PUBLIC WORKS ,DISCRIMINATION ,TAX ADMINISTRATION ,TRUST FUNDS ,ETHICS ,EXPENDITURE ,HUMAN RESOURCE - Abstract
This case study summarizes the findings of desk reviews and a field visit carried out in January 2011 as part of IEG's evaluation of the 2007 Governance and Anticorruption (GAC) strategy. The case study sought to evaluate the relevance and effectiveness of Bank support for GAC efforts over the FY2004-10 period, to assess the contributions of 2007 strategy implementation, and to identify early outcomes and lessons. This Background Paper is based on findings of the mission that visited Liberia in January 2011. The team is particularly grateful for informative meetings with officials from the Government of Liberia, Bank staff, and members of civil society. The evaluation aims to help enhance the Bank's approach to governance and anticorruption and to improve its effectiveness in helping countries develop capable and accountable states that create opportunities for the poor. Pursuant to this objective, the evaluation assessed the relevance of the 2007 GAC strategy and implementation plan, as well as the efficiency and effectiveness of implementation efforts in making Bank engagement with countries and other development partners more responsive to GAC concerns. It also sought to identify early lessons about what works and what does not in helping to promote good governance and reduce corruption. The Liberia case study is based on an extensive desk review as well as a field visit to Monrovia from January 17-22, 2011. It evaluates the relevance and effectiveness of Bank support for governance and anticorruption efforts since the launch of the Bank's GAC strategy in 2007. It elaborates on a desk review of the GAC responsiveness of the Bank's Liberia program and reviews the following GAC entry points: core public sector reform (public financial management and decentralization); demand for good governance (including social accountability issues); GAC in the road sector; and the investment climate. The case study also examines the extent to which the Bank's GAC Strategy has made a difference in staff attitudes toward addressing GAC issues in their operational work. The mission interviewed government, Bank, donor, and nongovernmental organization (NGO) staff based in Washington and in Monrovia.
- Published
- 2011
17. Measuring Governance and Service Delivery in Safety Net Programs
- Author
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Rubio, Gloria M.
- Subjects
PERFORMANCE DIMENSION ,BUDGET SUBMISSIONS ,INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS ,PUBLIC SERVICE ,PROGRAM MANAGEMENT ,INTERNAL AUDIT ,OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE ,DOMESTIC GOVERNANCE ,ANNUAL PERFORMANCE ,ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES ,PUBLIC SECTOR PERFORMANCE ,INFLATION ,PROGRAMS ,PROGRAM OUTCOMES ,PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY ,BUDGET PREPARATION ,DIAGNOSTIC SURVEYS ,SOCIAL PROTECTION SECTOR ,NATIONAL LEVEL ,BENEFICIARIES ,CIVIL SOCIETY ,EXTERNAL AUDIT ,INCOME ,PUBLIC AWARENESS ,NATIONS ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION ,PROGRAM OBJECTIVES ,GOVERNANCE PERFORMANCE ,INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS ,CRIME ,PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ,ACCOUNTABILITY IN SERVICE DELIVERY ,PUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ,FINANCIAL SYSTEMS ,PERFORMANCE FRAMEWORK ,REPRESENTATIVES ,RISK MANAGEMENT ,CONSTITUENCIES ,TRANSPARENCY ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,PERFORMANCE STANDARDS ,DEMOCRACY ,BUDGET ALLOCATIONS ,HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,CASH ASSISTANCE ,SERVICE QUALITY ,SOCIAL SAFETY ,BUDGETARY FUNDS ,QUALITY CONTROL ,POLITICAL INFLUENCE ,AID ALLOCATION ,LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT ,NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS ,NATIONAL INCOME ,SERVICE PROVIDER ,GOVERNANCE REFORM ,REFORM PROCESSES ,DECISION MAKING ,LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK ,PERFORMANCE EVALUATION ,CIVIL SERVICE ,INTERNAL CONTROLS ,PERFORMANCE AUDITS ,PROGRAM OPERATIONS ,VOTING ,POVERTY REDUCTION ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS ,ACCOUNTABILITY ARRANGEMENTS ,ADMINISTRATION COSTS ,HUMAN RIGHTS ,SOCIAL SECURITY ,CONSENSUS ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,ABSENTEEISM ,BUDGET PREPARATION PROCESS ,CASH BENEFITS ,DISCLOSURE ,PROGRAM EVALUATION ,GOVERNANCE MEASUREMENT ,ADMINISTRATIVE EFFICIENCY ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,PRIVATE FIRMS ,SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEM ,GOVERNANCE ISSUES ,HUMAN RESOURCE POLICIES ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE TRACKING ,COST-EFFECTIVENESS ,PUBLIC SERVICE PROVISION ,OLD-AGE ,ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE ,AUTHORIZATION ,DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE ,CITIZENS ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,PUBLIC FUNDS ,ACCOUNTABILITY FRAMEWORK ,ACCOUNTING ,INCOME DISTRIBUTION ,SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SYSTEM ,EXPANSION PLAN ,HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ,GOVERNANCE INDICATOR ,PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ,PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION ,INTERNAL AUDIT FINDINGS ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT ,INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,CIVIL SERVANTS ,ETHICAL STANDARDS ,COMPREHENSIVE DISCUSSION ,GOVERNMENT PERFORMANCE ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ,SOCIAL CONTROL ,BUDGET CIRCULAR ,DECENTRALIZATION ,LEGISLATURE ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ,HEALTH CARE ,GOVERNMENT LEVELS ,INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT ,INTERNAL AUDIT FUNCTION ,INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY ,SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ,BUDGET PLANNING ,PRIVATE SECTOR ,GOVERNANCE DIMENSION ,ACCOUNTABILITY SYSTEMS ,PENSION SYSTEMS ,PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,AUDIT INSTITUTIONS ,GOOD GOVERNANCE ,PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT ,SOCIAL ASSISTANCE ,SOCIAL PROTECTION ,BUREAUCRACY ,ACCOUNTABILITY MECHANISM ,HUMAN DEVELOPMENT NETWORK ,EXECUTION ,PERFORMANCE MONITORING ,ACCOUNTABILITY RELATIONSHIPS ,LEGISLATION ,BUDGET EXECUTION ,POOR GOVERNANCE ,BUDGET REPORTING ,ANTI-CORRUPTION ,INVESTMENT EXPENDITURE ,GOVERNMENTAL SOURCES ,LABOR MARKETS ,TRANSFER PAYMENTS ,FISCAL MODULE ,PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT ,SOCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM ,PERFORMANCE MEASURES ,OPERATIONAL PROCESSES ,SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENT ,PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT ,MEASURING GOVERNANCE ,CORRUPTION ,LEGAL FRAMEWORK ,POLITICIANS ,PROGRAM RESULTS ,PUBLIC SERVICE PROVIDERS ,CASH FLOWS ,SOCIAL INSURANCE ,PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT ,MASS MEDIA ,DISCRIMINATION ,MONEY LAUNDERING ,CASH TRANSFERS ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,SECTOR POLICIES ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,DATA COLLECTION ,PROGRAM MANAGERS ,DECISION MAKING PROCESS ,EXPENDITURE ,HUMAN RESOURCE ,SOCIAL SAFETY NET - Abstract
This paper develops a framework to assess organizational performance in the delivery of social safety nets. Specifically, it provides guidance to task teams and program managers for identifying indicators of governance and service quality in targeted cash transfer programs. The paper identifies governance issues along the results chain of service delivery and suggests policy and performance indicators for assessing program inputs, human resources, financing and resource management; and program activities, operational procedures, Management Information Systems (MIS) and control. It also suggests indicators of organizational performance and the quality of outputs, including demand-side accountability mechanisms.
- Published
- 2011
18. Global Norms : Creation, Diffusion, and Limits
- Author
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Martinsson, Johanna
- Subjects
PRODUCERS ,INTERNATIONAL POLITICS ,DECISION-MAKING ,POLITICAL STRUCTURES ,PUBLIC SUPPORT ,ANTICORRUPTION CAMPAIGNS ,TRANSACTION COSTS ,THEFTS ,MARKET ECONOMIES ,ANTICORRUPTION STRATEGY ,POLICY MAKERS ,ANTI-BRIBERY ,WORLD POLITICS ,NATIONAL LEVEL ,CIVIL SOCIETY ,INCOME ,BRIBE ,DECISION-MAKING PROCESS ,LACK OF TRANSPARENCY ,NATIONS ,PRESIDENTIAL LEADERSHIP ,CIVIL WAR ,CRIME ,OIL ,INTEGRITY ,ASSETS ,PROCUREMENT ,CONSUMER PROTECTION ,MINES ,DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS ,LEGITIMATION ,PRIORITIES ,REPRESENTATIVES ,SANCTIONS ,CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION ,TRANSPARENCY ,DEMOCRATIC DEVELOPMENT ,FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE ,INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE ,PRIME MINISTER ,ANTICORRUPTION CONVENTIONS ,CORRUPT ,GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY ,TRANSPARENT PROCEDURES ,GLOBAL GOVERNANCE ,DEMOCRACY ,DEMOCRATIC SYSTEMS ,COMBATING BRIBERY ,MEDIA ,EMBEZZLEMENT ,MULTINATIONAL ,COUNTRIES MUST ,POLITICAL INFLUENCE ,STREAMS ,COLLECTIVE ACTION ,NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS ,GOVERNANCE REFORM ,CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX ,DECISION MAKING ,BRIBERY ,GRAFT ,VOTING ,FIGHT AGAINST CORRUPTION ,INTERNATIONAL AID ,CONSTITUENCY ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,HUMAN RIGHTS ,FULL PARTICIPATION ,MINISTER ,CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS ,PARLIAMENT ,NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS ,PUBLIC OPINION ,SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,GOVERNMENT AGENCIES ,INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS ,CONSENSUS ,VESTED INTERESTS ,INSTITUTION BUILDING ,PETTY CORRUPTION ,ENVIRONMENTS ,CRISES ,DISCLOSURE ,FINANCIAL INFORMATION ,AUTHORITY ,GOVERNMENT CORRUPTION ,GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE ,CITIZENSHIP ,DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE ,LOBBYING ,SOCIAL CHANGE ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,ACCOUNTING ,LEGAL SYSTEM ,TAXATION ,HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ,GOVERNMENT REVENUES ,PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ,EFFECTIVE USE ,ACCESS TO INFORMATION ,CIVIL RIGHTS ,INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,INTERNATIONAL PRESSURE ,BENEFIT ANALYSIS ,GLOBAL INITIATIVE ,EFFECTIVE STRATEGY ,LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ,FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ,CITIZEN ,INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY ,PUBLIC HEALTH ,CRIMINAL ,RESOURCE CURSE ,CONFIDENCE ,INITIATIVE ,NATIONAL POLICY ,FINANCIAL REFORMS ,INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS ,GOOD GOVERNANCE ,TECHNOCRATIC APPROACH ,BUREAUCRACY ,PUBLIC POLICY ,ANTI-CORRUPTION STRATEGY ,ANTICORRUPTION REFORMS ,PUBLIC FINANCE ,OFFENSES ,LACK OF TRANSPARENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY ,ANTI-CORRUPTION ,COALITIONS ,GOVERNMENT REPRESENTATIVES ,BUSINESS TRANSACTION ,DEMOCRATIZATION ,POLITICAL SENSITIVITY ,POLITICAL CHANGE ,BRIBERY OF FOREIGN PUBLIC OFFICIALS ,CORRUPTION ,LEGAL FRAMEWORK ,POLITICIANS ,DECISION MAKERS ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,PARTICIPATORY APPROACHES ,PUBLIC GOODS ,MONEY LAUNDERING ,LEGITIMACY ,PUBLIC HEARINGS ,LEADERSHIP ,DEMOCRATIC STATE ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,PUBLIC DELIBERATION ,EXPENDITURE ,SAFE HAVENS - Abstract
Norms in development are typically established at the global level to solve complex development challenges on the ground. These norms are standards of expected behavior about how things ought to be conducted and are deemed crucial for societies to flourish. Global norms, however, often fail to successfully diffuse to local contexts. The author intend to argue in this report that many initiatives are effective in putting norms on the global agenda, but few of these norms lead to transformational change on the ground because of cultural and political economy challenges that were not considered in the norm formation or in the advocacy campaign process. Nonetheless, there are lessons to consider that could lead to more successful outcomes. This report explores the journey of norms in development, from emergence to implementation. Specifically, it seeks to identify effective strategies for norms to take root and make part of the global and domestic agendas and limits. It also identifies challenges to the implementation of norms and some possible strategies and tools to overcome these challenges. The report draws from various global policy advocacy campaigns with a particular focus on governance; it also includes notable historic campaigns, such as Britain's antislavery campaign.
- Published
- 2011
19. Diagnostic Tools for Governance in Fragile States : Lessons, Trends and Suggestions
- Author
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Hyden, Goran and Agborsangaya -Fiteu, Ozong
- Subjects
ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ,POLITICAL CONFLICT ,PUBLIC SERVICE ,STATE INSTITUTIONS ,INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,TRANSACTION COSTS ,PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY ,ELECTORAL SYSTEMS ,ANTICORRUPTION STRATEGY ,GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION ,CIVIL SOCIETY ,INCOME ,FOREIGN POLICY ,NATIONS ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION ,CIVIL WAR ,RULE OF LAW ,CONSTITUTION ,GOVERNANCE ENVIRONMENT ,INTEGRITY ,POLITICAL ELITE ,POLITICAL STABILITY ,REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS ,PUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT ,DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS ,FORMAL INSTITUTIONS ,REPRESENTATIVES ,VIOLENCE ,REFORM AGENDA ,TRANSPARENCY ,LOCAL INSTITUTIONS ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE ,CORRUPT ,GLOBAL GOVERNANCE ,DEMOCRACY ,LEVELS OF GOVERNANCE ,INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY ,MEDIA ,DEVELOPMENT PARTNERS ,GOVERNANCE REFORM ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS ,CIVIL SERVICE ,QUALITY OF PUBLIC ,GOVERNANCE PROBLEMS ,REFORM PROGRAM ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,COUNTRY RANKINGS ,HUMAN RIGHTS ,SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,STATE COLLAPSE ,WORLDWIDE GOVERNANCE INDICATORS ,AMBITION ,GOVERNMENT AGENCIES ,CONSENSUS ,INEQUALITY ,VESTED INTERESTS ,POLITICAL INSTABILITY ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,AUTHORITY ,POLITICAL ANALYSIS ,ELECTORAL SYSTEM ,GOVERNANCE ISSUES ,IMPROVING GOVERNANCE ,DEFICITS ,POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY ,DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE ,AGGREGATE ANALYSIS ,GOVERNMENT LEGITIMACY ,BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,POLITICAL SYSTEM ,PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ,DEFINITION OF GOVERNANCE ,GOVERNANCE DIAGNOSTIC ,LOCAL GOVERNANCE ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT ,QUALITY OF GOVERNANCE ,INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,INFORMAL PRACTICES ,COUNTRY GOVERNANCE ,POLICE ,JUSTICE ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ,CITIZEN ,INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY ,SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ,BANKS ,INITIATIVE ,GOOD GOVERNANCE ,TECHNOCRATIC APPROACH ,GOVERNANCE QUALITY ,HUMAN RESOURCES ,PUBLIC OFFICIALS ,PUBLIC POLICY ,POLICY RESEARCH ,PUBLIC FINANCE ,GOVERNANCE CHALLENGES ,POOR GOVERNANCE ,SOCIAL GROUPS ,COALITIONS ,FINANCE MANAGEMENT ,DEMOCRATIZATION ,LOW INCOME COUNTRIES ,NATIONAL PLANNING ,ANTICORRUPTION ,CORRUPTION ,POLICY OUTCOMES ,POLICY CHOICES ,PUBLIC GOODS ,LOCAL BUSINESS ,SOCIAL STRUCTURES ,LEGITIMACY ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,LEADERSHIP ,BUSINESS COMMUNITY ,POLICY DIALOGUE ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,DATA COLLECTION - Abstract
The purpose of this issues note is to review the experience in and outside the World Bank of using different diagnostic tools in fragile state situations. It will identify trends in the use of such tools, lessons learnt, and arrive at suggestions for the future. Because governance has continued to be a major concern in the international community, over the years this has led to a growing diversity in the application of the concept. With this diversification the types of assessment in use have also increased, a process that reflects two things. First, each agency tends to design an assessment to meet its own program needs. Second, diagnostic tools have often fallen short of expectations leading agencies to develop new ones, including more recently political economy studies that go beyond what was at least until recently mainstream types of assessing governance. Accepting the diversity of definitions and assessments, this note does not intend to review the whole field. A diagnostic tool here refers to the approach and methodology used in assessing governance. Choice of tool has a direct bearing on how an activity is designed and carried out. Making the right choice, therefore, is important. A tool may become 'main stream' and the original rationale for its use disappears. It is applied because everyone else is using it or there is pressure to use the same tool as others. A shift to other tools, however, may become necessary because existing tools do not deliver. Such a shift is occurring in the governance field where a focus on institutions is being increasingly complemented, if not replaced, by a studies of underlying political economy factors. This Note tries to trace this process by highlighting both specific and more general experiences with tools used to assess governance. Fragile states or situations are not typical but they give rise to governance challenges that more than other contexts test the limits of particular tools. This becomes an especially important issue given that what works in countries that are not fragile seems to fall short of the same achievement in fragile situations.
- Published
- 2011
20. Holding on to Monrovia : Protecting a Fragile Peace through Economic Governance and Short-Term Employment
- Author
-
Giovine, Luigi, Krech, Robert, Ionkova, Kremena, and Bach, Kathryn
- Subjects
PUBLIC INFORMATION ,COMPETITIVE BIDDING ,PEACEKEEPING ,WEAPONS ,FOREIGN INVESTORS ,RECONCILIATION ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,BASIC SERVICES ,IMMIGRANTS ,STATE INSTITUTIONS ,CORRUPTION INVESTIGATION ,ROAD ,POPULATION GROUPS ,INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,MERCENARY ,DEMOCRATIC ELECTIONS ,FRONTIER ,RETURNEES ,INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES ,INSTITUTIONAL REFORM ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ,BEST PRACTICE ,MODALITIES ,IMF ,PUBLIC MANAGEMENT ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,CIVIL SOCIETY ,INCOME ,MANDATES ,STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES ,FOREIGN POLICY ,INTERNATIONAL INTERVENTION ,NATIONS ,CIVIL WAR ,RULE OF LAW ,CORRUPT OFFICIALS ,EXTERNAL INTERVENTION ,CRIME ,PUBLIC PROCUREMENT ,PROJECT MANAGEMENT ,MILITARY INTERVENTION ,REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT ,PUBLIC FINANCES ,FRAUD ,NATIONAL INTEREST ,SOCIAL SECTOR ,PUBLIC SPENDING ,DIPLOMACY ,BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT ,TREATY ,EXCOMBATANTS ,FINANCIAL SYSTEMS ,WAR ,HEADS OF STATE ,SANCTIONS ,VIOLENCE ,CONSTITUENCIES ,REHABILITATION ,TRANSPARENCY ,FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,SKILLED WORKERS ,DISENGAGEMENT ,FOUNDATIONS ,CORRUPT ,REPATRIATION ,GOVERNANCE REFORMS ,DEMOCRACY ,INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY ,PEACE ,EMBEZZLEMENT ,EMPLOYMENT GENERATION ,LIVE BIRTHS ,STATE APPARATUS ,SANITATION ,POLITICAL INFLUENCE ,RECONSTRUCTION ,EXTERNAL DEBT ,YOUNG MEN ,PROGRESS ,GOVERNANCE REFORM ,GRAFT ,LACK OF CAPACITY ,FIGHTING ,PUBLIC DEBT ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,VICTIMS ,NUMBER OF WOMEN ,MATERNAL MORTALITY ,PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS ,EX-COMBATANTS ,EX-COMBATANT ,INFANT ,OBSERVERS ,VULNERABLE GROUPS ,CONSENSUS ,MALFEASANCE ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,REBEL ,PEACEKEEPERS ,AUTHORITY ,CIVIL CONFLICT ,INFANT MORTALITY ,COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION ,PUBLIC AGENCIES ,DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS ,ALLIANCE ,MINISTERS ,EMBASSY ,INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT ,MASS UNEMPLOYMENT ,CITIZENS ,NEGOTIATION ,CORRUPT PRACTICES ,ROADS ,PRINT MEDIA ,PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ,JUDICIARY ,INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,MONOPOLY ,ARMED CONFLICTS ,CIVIL SERVANTS ,COMPROMISES ,ANTICORRUPTION COMMISSION ,POLICE ,STATE ASSETS ,FISCAL POLICY ,BATTLE ,JUDICIAL REFORM ,LEGISLATIVE ELECTIONS ,YOUTH ,FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ,BEST PRACTICES ,INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY ,PUBLIC RESOURCES ,BILATERAL AGENCIES ,PUBLIC HEALTH ,CRIMINAL ,INITIATIVE ,EMPLOYMENT CREATION ,GOOD GOVERNANCE ,INFANT MORTALITY RATE ,HUMAN RESOURCES ,BUREAUCRACY ,CIVIL SERVANT ,EXECUTION ,AMBASSADOR ,ELECTIONS ,FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,SOVEREIGNTY ,UNDP ,ANTI-CORRUPTION ,LOCAL AUTHORITIES ,VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE ,COLLAPSE ,PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTABILITY ,CONFLICT ,HEAD OF STATE ,RADIO ,LOW INCOME COUNTRIES ,ANTICORRUPTION ,CORRUPTION ,JOB CREATION ,SELF-RELIANCE ,LOCAL ECONOMY ,MEETING ,CAPACITY BUILDING ,NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY ,SUPPLY NETWORKS ,LEGITIMACY ,PRACTITIONERS ,REFUGEES ,DISARMAMENT ,WORLD DEVELOPMENT ,LEADERSHIP ,DEMOBILIZATION ,EXPENDITURE ,EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT - Abstract
A key driver of Liberia's re-emergence from utter destruction, between 2004 and 2008, was the willingness of international actors to accept the responsibility and risks associated with stabilization. This was accomplished by confronting these risks directly, even at the cost of temporarily filling institutional voids and sharing sovereignty with the Liberian transitional authorities. The main international diplomatic representations and aid agencies on the ground came to accept from their varying perspectives that peace in Liberia was fragile and that the Accra Comprehensive Peace Agreement (ACPA) of September 2003 was only the beginning of a protracted stabilization effort. The domestic market for consultants and goods did not exist, requiring the World Bank to innovate with new modes of delivering assistance. Thus, peace consolidation compelled international partners to simultaneously (i) prevent full state capture by corrupt elites in advance of elections and (ii) secure a peace dividend to vulnerable groups which could most directly threaten peace (young ex-combatants and refugees). Building on a solid UN-World Bank partnership, the international community found the internal consensus to address each of the two complementary peace consolidation challenges, adopting two highly innovative instruments: (i) an anti-corruption scheme labeled Governance and Economic Management Assistance Program (GEMAP), involving such robust measures as expatriate co-signing authority, and (ii) a short-term employment-generation scheme now known as roads-with- United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL), centered on a rare direct collaboration between the Bank and the engineering units of the UN's military peacekeeping force on the ground. This paper examines these two instruments more closely, in their successes and failures as well as from the perspective of temporary shared sovereignty and co-production.
- Published
- 2011
21. Approaches to Governance in Fragile and Conflict Situations : A Synthesis of Lessons
- Author
-
Messineo, Carol and Wam, Per Egil
- Subjects
PUBLIC INFORMATION ,INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS ,LACK OF SECURITY ,PUBLIC SERVICE ,TECHNOCRATS ,FOREIGN INVESTORS ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,POLITICAL STRUCTURES ,BASIC SERVICES ,MOTIVATIONS ,ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES ,ACCOUNTABILITY MECHANISMS ,ECONOMIC REFORMS ,INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,DEMOCRATIC ELECTIONS ,PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY ,EMPLOYMENT ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ,ANTICORRUPTION STRATEGY ,BEST PRACTICE ,COMMUNITY LEADERS ,NATIONAL LEVEL ,CIVIL SOCIETY ,INCOME ,BRIBE ,NATIONS ,CIVIL WAR ,RULE OF LAW ,POLITICAL POWER ,CRIME ,INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ,CONSTITUTION ,CRIMINALITY ,TRANSITIONAL GOVERNMENTS ,PUBLIC SECTOR GOVERNANCE ,GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATORS ,AUDITING ,AID EFFECTIVENESS ,PROCUREMENT ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,ABUSES ,AUDITORS ,SOCIAL IMPACT ANALYSIS ,PRIORITIES ,FORMAL INSTITUTIONS ,REPRESENTATIVES ,VIOLENCE ,TRANSPARENCY ,LOCAL INSTITUTIONS ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,REVENUE COLLECTION ,GOVERNMENT MINISTRIES ,CORRUPT ,FIGHTING CORRUPTION ,DEMOCRACY ,GOVERNANCE REFORM PROGRAMS ,POLITICAL ELITES ,HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY ,NATIONAL ELECTIONS ,MEDIA ,PATRONAGE ,GOVERNANCE INDICATORS ,CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ,POLITICAL INFLUENCE ,COLLECTIVE ACTION ,GOVERNMENT ACTION ,NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS ,STATE AGENCIES ,CORE GOVERNANCE ,GOVERNANCE REFORM ,STATE POWER ,CIVIL SERVICE ,VOTING ,INTERNATIONAL AID ,FORMAL SYSTEMS ,LOCAL LEVELS ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,LOCAL COMMUNITIES ,HUMAN RIGHTS ,STATE COLLAPSE ,WORLDWIDE GOVERNANCE INDICATORS ,PUBLIC OPINION ,CONSENSUS ,INEQUALITY ,POLITICAL INSTABILITY ,CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,CRISES ,GOVERNANCE PROGRAM ,AUTHORITY ,GOVERNMENT EFFORTS ,DEVOLUTION ,POLITICAL ANALYSIS ,ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ,INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT ,AUDITS ,IMPROVING GOVERNANCE ,DEFICITS ,SOCIAL JUSTICE ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,POLITICAL SYSTEM ,HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ,PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ,JUDICIARY ,LOCAL GOVERNANCE ,GOVERNMENT'S POLICY ,INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,POLITICAL LEGITIMACY ,CIVIL SERVANTS ,DECENTRALIZATION ,LEGISLATURE ,LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ,POLICE ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ,CITIZEN ,INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY ,SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ,SANCTION ,CRIMINAL ,GOVERNANCE DIMENSION ,CONFIDENCE ,INITIATIVE ,GOOD GOVERNANCE ,PUBLIC OFFICIALS ,GOVERNMENT SPENDING ,PUBLIC POLICY ,EXECUTION ,EFFECTIVE GOVERNANCE ,PUBLIC FINANCE ,LEGISLATION ,POOR GOVERNANCE ,SOVEREIGNTY ,IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES ,SOCIAL GROUPS ,ANTI-CORRUPTION ,LOCAL AUTHORITIES ,COALITIONS ,FINANCE MANAGEMENT ,DEMOCRATIZATION ,NATION BUILDING ,CORRUPTION ,POLITICIANS ,HONEST GOVERNMENT ,LAWYERS ,GOVERNANCE OBJECTIVES ,LAWS ,STATE RESOURCES ,DISCRIMINATION ,TAX ADMINISTRATION ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,DATA COLLECTION ,HUMAN RESOURCE - Abstract
Developing a diagnostic and action framework for donor-assisted governance reform in conflict-affected countries and fragile states was the objective of a program implemented by the World Bank's Social Development Department (SDV) and funded by the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The first phase of the program developed lessons and outcomes based upon a review of international experience of governance reform in fragile and conflict-affected states. A major objective was to identify specific approaches and activities that will be most effective in strengthening institutions, promoting transparency and accountability, and enhancing capacity at local and national levels. This phase also derived lessons on the utility and shortcomings of governance-related diagnostic tools in designing and evaluating country strategies and programs in fragile states. A key issue concerns methodology. What type of analytical method provides a more useful assessment: country-specific analyses of the political economy, indicators designed for purposes of cross-country comparison, indices that rank state fragility, or some combination of diagnostic tools? The second phase of the program also was in two parts. Cote d'Ivoire's poverty reduction strategy process was used as an entry point for an initiative that facilitated process and method-oriented exercises for local stakeholders on the how rather than the what of policy development in an effort to build governance capacity. One result is a model that may serve for future engagement in other fragile and conflict-affected countries. The second part of this phase is an ongoing effort to work with local partners in the Central African Republic and Chad to identify strategies that could strengthen access to justice at the local level. Activities include assessing the strengths and weaknesses of formal and informal justice systems and mapping community-based practices and informal justice systems, including some under the aegis of NGOs, as well as identifying possible linkages to state justice systems. The paper will first examine the concepts of state fragility and governance in terms of donor engagement. Part two will discuss the lessons (opportunities and constraints), diagnostic tools and entry points for governance reform. Part three will offer conclusions.
- Published
- 2011
22. Poverty Reduction with Strategic Communication : Moving from Awareness Raising to Sustained Citizen Participation
- Author
-
Mozammel, Masud and Mozammel, Masud
- Subjects
COLLABORATIVE PROJECTS ,AUTONOMY ,COLLABORATION ,COMPUTER LITERACY ,ACTIVISM ,GOVERNMENT CORRUPTION ,PROGRAMS ,CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS ,NETWORKING ,SOCIETIES ,CODES OF CONDUCT ,CODES ,INVESTIGATOR ,CIVIL SOCIETY ,CIVILIZATIONS ,KNOWLEDGE SHARING ,MEDIUMS ,ACCESS TO INFORMATION ,E-LEARNING ,CENSORSHIP ,NETWORKS ,CURRICULUM ,COPYING ,E-MAIL ,CRIMINAL ,VIOLENCE ,INITIATIVE ,TELEVISION ,TRANSPARENCY ,GOOD GOVERNANCE ,WEBSITE ,POWER ,MEDIA PRACTICES ,BASIC ,GOVERNANCE REFORMS ,DEMOCRACY ,LEARNING ,CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ,MEDIA ,COMPLAINTS ,TEACHER TRAINING ,DIGITAL ,VIDEOS ,GOVERNANCE REFORM ,KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY ,RESEARCH PROGRAMS ,RADIO ,DISTANCE EDUCATION ,GLOBAL INITIATIVES ,CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT ,LITERACY ,CORRUPTION ,INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH ,COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES ,DECISION MAKERS ,LAWS ,DISCOURSE ,HUMAN RIGHTS ,NEW TECHNOLOGIES ,PROSECUTION ,FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS ,NEWS SOURCES - Abstract
The role of communication in Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRS) processes has evolved since 2000. The introduction of new communication channels for public policy debate has empowered a wide array of stakeholders who previously were absent or marginal in the development agenda. Initially, consultations were mainly a donor-led requirement, often done to access Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) funding quickly. This experience led to the recognition that more can be gained by working in partnership with other stakeholders. This publication updates a 2005 review of communication in PRSs. It includes four country case studies (Ghana, Tanzania, Moldova, and Nepal) and a regional analysis of Latin America and the Caribbean. It explores how the use of strategic communication has expanded beyond the PRS and is now being integrated into national development planning and implementation. Many of these strategies are shifting their focus from a 'dissemination and publicity strategy' to a 'communication program' that emphasizes information intervention beyond the traditional campaign, workshop or seminars. Compared with the 2005 review, the main difference is the institutionalization of communication, moving beyond the one-time experience for the first set of PRSs to broader, deeper sustained communication in support of poverty reduction and national development strategies. A second major difference is expanding beyond communication and participation in PRS formulation to PRS implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. The challenges of communication in national development strategies both within and between government, civil society, and donors correspond to some of the key challenges of the PRS initiative, how to create a genuinely participatory, and comprehensive process. Donor harmonization and aid coordination have improved government-donor relations, but both parties need to forge a new relationship with civil society for the more ambitious agenda to promote good governance.
- Published
- 2011
23. Synthesis of Review of Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises in Burkina Faso, Mali, and Mauritania
- Author
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Bouri, Mazen, Nankobogo, Francois, and Frederick, Rich
- Subjects
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ,LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY ,FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARY ,DECISION-MAKING ,LEGAL DISPUTES ,PRIVATE OWNERSHIP ,COMMODITIES ,SHAREHOLDERS ,LIQUIDATION ,GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION ,GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS ,LACK OF ACCOUNTABILITY ,INFORMAL SECTOR ,INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ,PENSION ,REMOTE LOCATION ,COUNCIL OF MINISTERS ,FRAUD ,INTERNAL CONTROL ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,AUDITORS ,DEVELOPMENT BANKS ,TRANSPARENCY ,FINANCIAL MARKETS ,MISMANAGEMENT ,PRIME MINISTER ,PENSIONS ,GOVERNANCE REFORMS ,DEPOSITS ,INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ,POLITICAL INFLUENCE ,STATE AGENCIES ,GOVERNANCE REFORM ,PUBLIC ENTERPRISES ,TAX COLLECTIONS ,GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES ,INTERNAL CONTROLS ,IMPLICIT GUARANTEES ,MINORITY SHAREHOLDER ,REFORM PROGRAM ,SOCIAL OUTCOMES ,INTERNATIONAL BEST PRACTICE ,CONSENSUS ,PROFITABILITY ,LOCAL CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ,BANK FAILURE ,MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS ,STATE ENTERPRISES ,MINISTRY OF FINANCE ,FOREIGN BANK ,AUDITS ,INSOLVENCY ,PORTFOLIO ,BANKRUPTCY ,FRAUDULENT ACTIVITIES ,SOCIAL POLICIES ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,STATE BUDGETS ,CONSOLIDATION ,JUDICIARY ,INVESTMENT CLIMATE REFORMS ,MONOPOLY ,ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ,EXCHANGE RATE ,FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ,EQUITY CAPITAL ,INTERNAL AUDIT FUNCTION ,PUBLIC HEALTH ,BOND ,BANKS ,DECISION MAKING PROCESSES ,GOOD GOVERNANCE ,PRIVATIZATION ,MOBILE PHONE ,POOR PERFORMANCE ,STATE INTERVENTION ,DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ,POOR GOVERNANCE ,FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,REGULATORY OVERSIGHT ,SOCIAL CONDITIONS ,HARD BUDGET CONSTRAINTS ,FOREIGN INVESTMENT ,PERFORMANCE MEASURES ,FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE ,POVERTY ALLEVIATION ,DYSFUNCTIONAL GOVERNANCE ,LAWS ,PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITY ,POLITICAL PARTIES ,AFFILIATE ,PRIVATIZATIONS ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ,MINORITY SHAREHOLDERS ,INTERNAL AUDIT ,TAX ,FINANCIAL DATA ,FOREIGN INVESTORS ,INVENTORY ,DEVELOPING COUNTRY ,TRADE UNIONS ,CAPITAL STRUCTURE ,EXCHANGE RATES ,PRIVATE INVESTMENTS ,GOVERNMENT AGENCY ,STATE OWNERSHIP ,BANK LENDING ,CIVIL SOCIETY ,STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES ,FINANCIAL CRISIS ,GOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP ,INSOLVENT ,PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ,SHAREHOLDER ,AUDITING ,BOARDS OF DIRECTORS ,INFORMATION SHARING ,POLITICAL COMMITMENT ,RAPID GROWTH ,REPRESENTATIVES ,DEMOCRACY ,CLIENT COUNTRIES ,GOVERNANCE PRACTICES ,POLLUTION ,DECREES ,DEVELOPMENT FINANCE ,FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ,DECISION MAKING ,GOVERNANCE PROBLEMS ,NATIONAL ECONOMY ,PARTICULAR COUNTRIES ,VOTING ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,INSOLVENCY PROCEDURES ,LEGAL INSTITUTIONS ,FORMAL EMPLOYMENT ,PUBLIC OPINION ,MANAGERIAL AUTONOMY ,COMPETITIVE MARKETS ,DECISION MAKING STRUCTURES ,VESTED INTERESTS ,OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,CENTRAL BANK ,DISCLOSURE ,GOVERNMENT BUDGETS ,DIVIDENDS ,FINANCIAL INFORMATION ,AUTHORITY ,LEGAL STRUCTURES ,INVESTMENT CLIMATE ,MINISTERS ,INSURANCE POLICY ,GOVERNANCE ISSUES ,NATIONALIZATION ,CORPORATE GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK ,KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS ,DECREE ,POLITICAL INTERFERENCE ,PRIVATE BANKS ,MINISTRIES OF FINANCE ,PERFORMANCE CRITERIA ,ACCOUNTING ,LIBERALIZATION ,FINANCE MINISTRIES ,INCENTIVE STRUCTURES ,STATE PARTICIPATION ,CONFLICT OF INTEREST ,FISCAL REVENUES ,CAPITAL RATIO ,STATE ASSETS ,PRIVATE INVESTORS ,INSURANCE ,CITIZEN ,TURNOVER ,EXTERNAL AUDITORS ,REGULATOR ,TREASURY ,LEGAL FORM ,MARKET PRICE ,FOREIGN COMPANY ,LEGAL REFORM ,MINORITY SHAREHOLDER PROTECTIONS ,PUBLIC POLICY ,INTERNATIONAL BEST PRACTICES ,MONOPOLIES ,LEGISLATION ,COMPETITIVE MARKET ,PROBLEM LOANS ,SOCIAL PERFORMANCE ,ANTI-CORRUPTION ,GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT ,PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT ,CORPORATE BOND ,EXTERNAL ACCOUNTABILITY ,REGULATORS ,STATE AGENCY ,LEGAL FRAMEWORK ,STATE SECTOR ,STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,POLITICAL ACCOUNTABILITY ,FINANCIAL SUPPORT ,LOCAL BUSINESS ,INTEREST RATE ,GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS ,DATA COLLECTION ,LEVEL PLAYING FIELD - Abstract
This synthesis paper is based on a review of three countries in West Africa-Burkina Faso, Mali, and Mauritania where state owned enterprises (SOEs) continue to play an important role and Governments have embarked on a number of public sector reforms are intended to have a positive impact on SOEs. SOE governance practices and problems are having strong similarities in all of the countries reviewed. These commonalities can be ascribed to the fact that all of the countries are transitioning from centrally controlled economic and political traditions to more liberal economies and to a more democratic government. All are facing challenges with implementing the legal structures left behind from colonial times. The data that is available shows that wholly-owned and state controlled SOEs under perform. Many are technically insolvent and survive only through government support. Their performance is not only poor in the financial area but also in the provision of needed social services. The country studies link the poor performance of SOEs, in particular wholly-owned SOEs, to their governance practices. Long-lasting reforms are not simply a matter of plugging holes in the legislative or institutional framework. Corporate governance is the result of a complex interplay of law, practice, institutions and culture. Action plans need to take into account incentives and the political, social and cultural context of corporate governance in the country in addition to the legal framework. Indeed, SOE governance is a system and making it work better requires a systems approach. Most reform plans in the past have focused on one or another element of SOE governance, which might explain why many have fallen short of hopes and expectations. Systems approaches, on the other hand, are important in complex organizations (such as SOEs) whose success depends upon the interaction and cooperation of other organizations and institutions. This synthesis paper presents the objectives and the methodology used in carrying out the reviews followed by a discussion of the features and importance of SOEs in each of the countries studied. It then segues into a discussion on the performance of SOEs which is supplemented by case studies of both successful and unsuccessful SOEs and key lessons learned the paper then presents the current Government initiatives for reform and the remaining challenges and recommendations. The paper concludes with suggestions on how to implement the recommendations based on examples from other countries that have embarked on comprehensive governance reforms for the SOE sector.
- Published
- 2010
24. The World Bank in Nigeria, 1998-2007 : Nigeria Country Assistance Evaluation
- Author
-
Independent Evaluation Group
- Subjects
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ,INFRASTRUCTURE ,INVENTORY ,BUDGET ,PROJECTS ,INFLATION ,INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,INITIATIVES ,EMPLOYMENT ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ,CRITERIA ,CRIMES ,LENDING ,CIVIL SOCIETY ,PRODUCTIVITY ,MANDATES ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION ,MILITARY REGIMES ,FINANCIAL CRIMES ,GOVERNMENTS ,FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION ,AUDITING ,MILITARY REGIME ,BANK ,INVESTIGATIONS ,AGREEMENT ,ASSETS ,PROCUREMENT ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,LOANS ,MUNICIPAL DEVELOPMENT ,REORGANIZATION ,TRANSPARENCY ,ORGANIZATIONS ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,STRATEGIES ,CORRUPT ,SUBSIDIES ,ETHNIC GROUPS ,DEMOCRACY ,INDUSTRY ,HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,MARKETS ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,FINANCE ,TRANSFERS ,RETAIL BANKING ,ANTICORRUPTION BILL ,ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL CRIMES COMMISSION ,GOVERNANCE REFORM ,ENTERPRISES ,GOVERNMENT FINANCE ,PUBLIC ENTERPRISES ,CIVIL SERVICE ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ,FISCAL DEFICITS ,SERVICES ,LARGE CITIES ,DEBT ,BANKING SECTOR ,SAVING ,PRUDENTIAL REGULATIONS ,RETURN ON INVESTMENT ,CAPITAL EXPENDITURES ,ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ,PROPERTY ,BANK CONTRACTS ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,AUTONOMY ,MONETARY POLICIES ,FACTORING ,PUBLIC AGENCIES ,MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS ,MINISTERS ,SERVICE ,DEFICITS ,FOREIGN EXCHANGE ,CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS ,MACROECONOMIC STABILITY ,LOBBYING ,CORRUPT PRACTICES ,ACCOUNTING ,BUDGETS ,CONSOLIDATION ,VALUE ,RISK ,SUBVENTIONS ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT ,POLICIES ,GOVERNANCE ,PRINCIPAL ,POLICY ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ,DECENTRALIZATION ,LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ,POLICE ,ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ,FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ,ECONOMIC REFORM ,INSURANCE ,EFCC ,REVENUE ,DEBT RELIEF ,TAXES ,GOVERNMENT ,PUBLIC TRANSPORT ,BANKS ,INITIATIVE ,CONFIDENCE ,GRANTS ,LAND ,GOOD GOVERNANCE ,FISCAL REFORM ,VALUE ADDED TAXES ,PRIVATIZATION ,ORGANIZATION ,CREDIT ,PUBLIC FINANCE ,LEGISLATION ,FEDERAL GOVERNMENTS ,COMMERCIAL BANKS ,AGREEMENTS ,MEDIUM ,MICROFINANCE ,STRATEGY ,LABOR ,POLITICS ,FINANCE MANAGEMENT ,SUBSIDIARY ,HOUSING ,ANTICORRUPTION LEGISLATION ,MDAS ,INTEREST ,ANTICORRUPTION ,PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION ,CORRUPTION ,WATER SUPPLY ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,TRANSPORT ,LAWS ,BIDDING ,SAVINGS ,ADB ,HEALTH SERVICES ,TAX ADMINISTRATION ,STATE GOVERNMENTS ,LEADERSHIP ,URBAN DEVELOPMENT ,GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,LAW - Abstract
This country assistance evaluation assesses the outcomes of the World Banks program in Nigeria during the period 1998–2007. The Country Assistance Evaluation focuses on the objectives of that assistance and the extent to which outcomes were consistent with those objectives. It looks at the Banks contribution to the achievement of those outcomes and at the lessons for the Banks future activities in Nigeria and in other countries. The evaluation includes a review of relevant documents, complemented by interviews with Bank staff and other key donors, as well as with representatives of the Nigerian government, the private sector, and civil society. Overall, the outcomes of the Bank program in Nigeria are rated as moderately unsatisfactory. This reflects an improvement relative to IEG’s 2000–04 assessment, which rated the outcome of Bank assistance as unsatisfactory. The current assessment recognizes the country’s signal achievements in maintaining macroeconomic stability and laying the basis for more effective and cost-efficient performance of the central government. There are major risks associated with this, however. The earnings from Nigeria’s oil and gas resources require strong management that puts the national interest ahead of that of individuals and state governments. In the fragmented context of Nigerian politics, that is a tough proposition to maintain. If the government shows the necessary leadership and successfully leverages the resources it has to provide incentives to state governments to do a better job of delivering social services, there is the potential for real progress in reducing poverty and achieving the MDGs.
- Published
- 2010
25. Governance, Fragility, and Conflict : Reviewing International Governance Reform Experiences in Fragile and Conflict-Affected Countries
- Author
-
Agborsangaya-Fiteu, Ozong
- Subjects
ELECTED OFFICIALS ,APPOINTEES ,STATE AUTHORITY ,ACCOUNTABILITY MECHANISMS ,LEGISLATIVE BODIES ,POLITICAL FORCES ,POLICY MAKERS ,IMPEACHMENT ,COMBATING CORRUPTION ,NATIONAL LEVEL ,NATURAL CAPITAL ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,INCOME ,PROSECUTIONS ,CRIMINALITY ,DEMOCRACIES ,PUBLIC FINANCES ,PUBLIC SPENDING ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,VIOLENCE ,TRANSPARENCY ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,POLITICAL PROCESS ,PRIME MINISTER ,REVENUE COLLECTION ,GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY ,LAWYER ,VETO ,GOVERNANCE REFORMS ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,DEMOCRATIC ACCOUNTABILITY ,PATRONAGE ,LEGAL NORMS ,PUBLIC FINANCE SYSTEM ,DECISION MAKING POWER ,DEREGULATION ,DEMOCRATIC TRANSITIONS ,STATE AGENCIES ,CIVIC EDUCATION ,EMPIRICAL STUDIES ,GOVERNANCE REFORM ,STATE POWER ,DRINKING WATER ,PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS ,NATIONAL BUDGET ,INTERNATIONAL AID ,LOCAL LEVELS ,ANTI CORRUPTION ,GOVERNMENT POLICIES ,WORLDWIDE GOVERNANCE INDICATORS ,PARLIAMENT ,SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,CONSENSUS ,TAX SYSTEMS ,CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS ,CITIZENS ,LEGISLATURES ,LEGAL SYSTEM ,TAXATION ,POLICY MAKING ,JUDICIARY ,LOCAL GOVERNANCE ,ACCESS TO INFORMATION ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT ,GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS ,MONOPOLY ,POLITICAL LEGITIMACY ,INTERNATIONAL PRESSURE ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ,DECENTRALIZATION ,CIVIC ENGAGEMENT ,LEGISLATURE ,POLICE ,FISCAL POLICY ,JUSTICE ,REGULATORY POWERS ,YOUTH ,ECONOMIC POLICIES ,CRIMINAL ,PARTICIPATORY PROCESS ,CONFIDENCE ,DEMOCRATIC REGIMES ,GOOD GOVERNANCE ,PUBLIC FINANCE ,POLITICAL LANDSCAPE ,POOR GOVERNANCE ,FINANCIAL RESOURCES ,COLLAPSE ,PROSECUTOR ,FOREIGN INVESTMENT ,GOVERNANCE QUESTIONS ,POLITICAL PROCESSES ,COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE ,PUBLIC GOODS ,LAWS ,PUBLIC INVESTMENT ,PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITY ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,POLITICAL PARTIES ,LEADERSHIP ,MARKET ECONOMY ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,BANKING SYSTEM ,ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,POLITICAL STRUCTURES ,BASIC SERVICES ,STATE INSTITUTIONS ,LEGISLATIVE DEVELOPMENT ,ECONOMIC REFORMS ,GOVERNANCE FAILURES ,FINANCIAL SECTOR ,DECISION MAKING AUTHORITY ,CIVIL SOCIETY ,NATIONS ,SOCIAL INTERACTIONS ,CIVIL WAR ,RULE OF LAW ,POLITICAL POWER ,CRIME ,STATE CONTROL ,CONSTITUTION ,POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS ,PUBLIC SECTOR GOVERNANCE ,POLITICAL STABILITY ,ASSETS ,PROCUREMENT ,REGULATORY QUALITY ,POLITICAL COMMITMENT ,STATE REVENUE ,SANCTIONS ,TAX COLLECTION ,TELEVISION ,DEMOCRATIC PARTICIPATION ,DEMOCRACY ,NATIONAL ELECTIONS ,MEDIA ,BUDGET MANAGEMENT ,WAGES ,PARTICIPATORY PROCESSES ,POLITICAL UNCERTAINTY ,CORE GOVERNANCE ,DECISION MAKING ,JUDICIAL SYSTEMS ,PARLIAMENTS ,INVESTIGATIVE JOURNALISM ,FAIR ELECTIONS ,PROSECUTORS ,VOTING ,CONSTITUENCY ,NATIONALS ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,LOCAL COMMUNITIES ,BANKING SECTOR ,HUMAN RIGHTS ,GOVERNANCE DIMENSIONS ,NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS ,ALLEGIANCE ,CONSTITUENTS ,INEQUALITY ,VESTED INTERESTS ,CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,ENVIRONMENTS ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,CRISES ,AUTHORITY ,SOCIAL POLICY ,POLITICAL ANALYSIS ,VETO POWER ,ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ,INSTITUTIONAL FOUNDATIONS ,IMPROVING GOVERNANCE ,DEMOCRATIC PROCESSES ,SOCIAL CHANGE ,ACCOUNTING ,PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ,STATE FAILURE ,GOVERNMENT EFFECTIVENESS ,INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ,HUMAN CAPITAL ,CITIZEN ,INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY ,SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ,SANCTION ,PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ,COLONIALISM ,NATIONAL POLICY ,FINANCIAL INSTITUTION ,PUBLIC OFFICIALS ,PUBLIC POLICY ,CABINET ,EXPENDITURES ,LEGISLATION ,GOVERNANCE CHALLENGES ,SOVEREIGNTY ,SOCIAL GROUPS ,LOCAL AUTHORITIES ,COALITIONS ,CONSULTATIVE PROCESS ,FINANCE MANAGEMENT ,ACCOUNTABILITY MEASURES ,NATION BUILDING ,LEGAL FRAMEWORK ,STATE ADMINISTRATION ,LAWYERS ,GOVERNANCE OBJECTIVES ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,PARTICIPATORY APPROACHES ,ECONOMIC CHANGE ,LOCAL ELECTIONS ,ELECTION ,DISCRIMINATION ,LEGISLATIVE CAPACITY ,ELECTORAL PROCESS ,GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS ,COMMON GOOD ,LEGISLATIVE PROCESSES ,POLITICAL ISSUES - Abstract
This report seeks to inform the development of a framework for addressing governance reform in fragile and conflict affected environments through are view of international experiences. The report analyzes the experience both of countries that sustained a transition to peace and those that fell back into conflict. Pertinent lessons will be drawn selectively from a range of fragile and conflict affected countries, including Haiti, Cambodia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Mozambique, Liberia, Timor-Leste, Afghanistan, Rwanda, Indonesia, Sierra Leone, and Angola. No specific typologies have been adopted or formed in order to assess these lessons, because typologies can be limiting and experiences can be better assessed based on the specificity of each country's context. The first section of the report sets out broadly accepted definitions of key terms such as governance, state building, and fragility. The second section reviews experiences with diverse governance dimensions and explores the objectives, opportunities, and constraints associated with each.
- Published
- 2009
26. A Palestinian State in Two Years : Institutions for Economic Revival
- Author
-
World Bank
- Subjects
PUBLIC PROCUREMENT LAW ,FINANCIAL PLANNING ,BUDGET DEFICITS ,LABOR FORCE SURVEY ,TOTAL DEBT ,INTERNAL AUDIT ,TAX ,BANKING SYSTEM ,ADJUDICATION ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT ,PRIVATE INVESTMENT ,BASIC SERVICES ,PRIVATE SECTOR INVESTMENT ,FAMILIES ,CASH BALANCES ,TRUST FUND ,INFLATION ,INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,EMPLOYMENT ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ,EXPROPRIATION ,LAND MANAGEMENT ,INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ,INVESTOR CONFIDENCE ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,TERRORISM ,MANDATES ,PRODUCTIVITY ,BRIBE ,BANK MARKETS ,INVESTMENT FUND ,MUNICIPALITIES ,RULE OF LAW ,DONOR SUPPORT ,EXPATRIATE ,LICENSES ,CRIME ,JUSTICE SYSTEM ,PUBLIC PROCUREMENT ,REGISTRATION SYSTEM ,PENSION ,AUDITING ,STREETS ,DOMESTIC BANK ,PROCUREMENT ,PUBLIC SPENDING ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,ECONOMIC RECOVERY ,MUNICIPAL DEVELOPMENT ,BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT ,PROCUREMENT LAW ,SETTLEMENT ,VIOLENCE ,TRANSPARENCY ,FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE ,BANK ACCOUNTS ,IMPORT DUTIES ,LIVING STANDARDS ,BALANCE OF PAYMENTS ,HOLDING ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,WAGES ,FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ,PROPERTY RIGHTS ,GOVERNANCE REFORM ,INDEBTEDNESS ,SAFETY NET ,CADASTRE ,JUDICIAL SYSTEMS ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ,INFORMATION SYSTEM ,GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES ,DONOR FUNDING ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,ARREARS ,DEBT ,FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY ,BANK BORROWING ,SHORT-TERM BORROWING ,MINISTER ,PENSION REFORM ,PROSECUTION ,CAPITAL EXPENDITURES ,LAND MARKET ,LAND TITLING ,EQUALITY ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,AUTONOMY ,RETURN ,PUBLIC FINANCE MANAGEMENT ,DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE ,LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION ,INVESTMENT CLIMATE ,ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ,MINISTERS ,SOLID WASTE COLLECTION ,ELECTRICITY ,JUDICIAL INDEPENDENCE ,ACCESS TO MARKETS ,CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATION ,FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY ,FISCAL AUTONOMY ,COLLATERAL FOR LOANS ,CREDIBILITY ,ECONOMIC SYSTEM ,DEFICITS ,EXCLUSION ,SOCIAL JUSTICE ,ROADS ,ACCOUNTING ,LEGAL SYSTEM ,GREATER ACCESS ,HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ,COMMERCIAL BANK ,CONSOLIDATION ,JUDICIARY ,DOMESTIC BORROWING ,LOCAL GOVERNMENT ,UNEMPLOYMENT RATE ,LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ,POLICE ,FISCAL POLICY ,EXCHANGE RATE ,EQUIPMENT ,REMEDIES ,TELECOMMUNICATIONS ,SUPPLY CHAIN ,HOUSEHOLDS ,ECONOMIC POLICIES ,PRIVATE SECTOR ,CRIMINAL ,RECURRENT DEFICIT ,RECURRENT EXPENDITURES ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS ,BANKS ,LAND ADMINISTRATION ,TREASURY ,INITIATIVE ,PERISHABLE GOODS ,GOOD GOVERNANCE ,HUMAN RESOURCES ,LOCAL BANKS ,DOMESTIC BANKS ,LAND REGISTRATION ,NATURAL DISASTER ,TAX REVENUES ,PUBLIC FINANCE ,BUDGET EXECUTION ,COMMERCIAL BANKS ,MONETARY AUTHORITY ,PUBLIC ,JUDICIAL SYSTEM ,MONETARY FUND ,REMEDY ,FINANCE MANAGEMENT ,REAL ESTATE ,HOUSING ,TRADING ,NEW MARKETS ,LEGAL FRAMEWORK ,NATIONAL SECURITY ,WATER SUPPLY ,BUDGETING ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,TRANSPORT ,BIDDING ,LAWS ,PORTS ,PUBLIC INVESTMENT ,DONOR INVESTMENTS ,CIVIL LAW ,REFUGEES ,LEADERSHIP ,MARKET ECONOMY ,RECURRENT BUDGET DEFICIT ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,ENROLMENT RATE ,EXPENDITURE ,LAND AS COLLATERAL ,OPERATING COSTS ,TRANSACTION - Abstract
On August 25, 2009, the 13th Government of the Palestinian Authority (PA) presented a program entitled "Palestine: ending the occupation, establishing the state" (hereafter referred to as the program) outlining several national goals, including the achievement of 'economic independence and national prosperity'. The program accords high priority to the development of the public institutions of the PA in order to achieve the stated national goals. It acknowledges that maintaining an efficient and effective public sector that provides citizens with high quality services and value for money is a constant challenge. No amount of well-functioning institutions, will, however, lead to economic growth in the absence of access to markets, whether within the West Bank and Gaza, in Israel, or in the rest of the world. In this regard, the recent developments in easing of movement and access restrictions by the Government of Israel (GoI) represent a welcome first step. The GoI has taken steps to ease movement restrictions in the West Bank and to allow greater access to West Bank markets for Arab citizens of Israel. In the first half of 2009, the political stalemate in Gaza continued and the economy stagnated. The West Bank economy is showing signs of new growth, so that it is possible that for the first time in years, West Bank and Gaza (WB&G) may have positive per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth in 2009.
- Published
- 2009
27. Lessons for Reformers : How to Launch, Implement, and Sustain Regulatory Reform
- Author
-
International Finance Corporation, Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency, and World Bank
- Subjects
FOREIGN TRADE ,INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION ,TRADE LIBERALIZATION ,CONSUMER CHOICE ,ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ,FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ,REFORM STRATEGIES ,FOREIGN INVESTORS ,RENT SEEKING ,PROCUREMENT LAWS ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,SUSTAINABLE REFORM ,GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT ,PRIVATE INVESTMENT ,ECONOMIC REFORMS ,TRANSACTION COSTS ,POLITICAL REGIMES ,EXTERNALITIES ,EMERGING MARKET ,MARKET ECONOMIES ,MARKET ENTRY ,GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION ,FINANCIAL SECTOR ,MARKET LIBERALIZATION ,REGULATORY ENVIRONMENTS ,ADVANCED COUNTRIES ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,CIVIL SOCIETY ,INCOME ,MACROECONOMICS ,ECONOMIC LIFE ,INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT ,ECONOMIC CRISIS ,RULE OF LAW ,FINANCIAL CRISIS ,RED TAPE ,COMPETITIVENESS ,COMPETITION POLICY ,ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS ,OIL ,DOMESTIC ECONOMY ,ASSETS ,PROCUREMENT ,BUSINESS INVESTMENTS ,CONSUMER PROTECTION ,FOREIGN COMPETITION ,TRANSPARENCY ,CONFIDENCE OF INVESTORS ,REFORM PROCESS ,REGULATORY REGIMES ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ,GOVERNANCE REFORMS ,PUBLIC DEFICIT ,DEMOCRACY ,POLITICAL UPHEAVAL ,LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES ,WAGE GROWTH ,MEDIA ,CONSUMER GROUPS ,SMALL BUSINESSES ,EXPLOITATION ,LEGAL MECHANISMS ,PROPERTY RIGHTS ,DEREGULATION ,GOVERNANCE REFORM ,LABOR MARKET ,CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX ,NATURAL RESOURCE ,INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS ,ECONOMIC COOPERATION ,LIQUIDITY ,REFORM PROGRAM ,ENVIRONMENTAL ,PUBLIC DEBT ,DEBT ,SCANDAL ,MACROECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ,POLITICAL REGIME ,CENTRALLY PLANNED ECONOMY ,MINISTER ,CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS ,ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ,MACROECONOMIC PROBLEMS ,POLITICAL ECONOMY OF REFORM ,COMPETITIVE MARKETS ,FREE TRADE AGREEMENT ,INSTITUTION BUILDING ,MARKETING ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,ENVIRONMENTS ,DISCRETION ,COLLAPSES ,INVESTIGATION ,SUSTAINABLE REFORMS ,WEALTH ,JURISDICTIONS ,DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ,FREE TRADE ,PRICE CONTROLS ,PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH ,CONSUMERS ,RAPID ECONOMIC GROWTH ,INVESTMENT CLIMATE ,REFORM PROGRAMS ,DEVELOPING ECONOMIES ,ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ,MINISTERS ,STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT ,RENT SEEKING BEHAVIOR ,SOCIAL VALUE ,MACROECONOMIC STABILIZATION ,HARMONIZATION ,ECONOMIC TRENDS ,MACROECONOMIC STABILITY ,BANKRUPTCY ,BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,JUDICIARY ,PRODUCT MARKETS ,CAPITAL MARKETS ,BENCHMARK ,CIVIL SERVANTS ,SUSTAINABLE GROWTH ,BENCHMARKS ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ,OIL PRICES ,ECONOMIC REFORM ,INVESTMENT DECISIONS ,STAKEHOLDER MARKET ,FREE MARKETS ,WELFARE FUNCTION ,CURRENCY ,ECONOMIC POLICIES ,BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTS ,SINGLE MARKET ,CIVIL SOCIETIES ,FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS ,CONFIDENCE ,INITIATIVE ,GOOD GOVERNANCE ,BUREAUCRACY ,CLIENT COUNTRY ,INVESTMENT BARRIERS ,PRIVATIZATION ,REGULATORY RESTRICTIONS ,BUREAUCRATS ,COMPETITION POLICIES ,ECONOMISTS ,MONOPOLIES ,MACROECONOMIC POLICY ,DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ,GLOBAL MARKETS ,CONDITIONALITY ,LEGAL SYSTEMS ,EXPECTED RETURNS ,LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ,COLLAPSE ,GLOBALIZATION ,REFORMS ,EMERGING MARKET ECONOMIES ,ANTITRUST LAWS ,REGULATORS ,ACCOUNTABILITY MEASURES ,ECONOMICS ,COPYRIGHT CLEARANCE CENTER ,POLITICAL RISK ,CORRUPTION ,ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION ,JOB CREATION ,POLITICIANS ,COPYRIGHT CLEARANCE ,REGULATORY BODIES ,OPEN MARKETS ,STATE GOVERNMENTS ,LEADERSHIP ,PRESENT VALUE ,PRIVATIZATIONS ,MARKET ECONOMY ,ECONOMIC IMBALANCES ,GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,STARTUP ,INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL ,REGULATORY SYSTEMS - Abstract
An Analysis of Six Case Studies in Developing and High-Income Countries This paper focuses on core aspects of the political economy of reform, drawing on case studies of three economies transitioning to stronger business environments (Hungary, the Republic of Korea, and Mexico) and three countries with well-developed business environments (Australia, Italy, and the United Kingdom). The purpose is threefold: first, to identify so-called drivers of reform among successfully reforming countries; second, to explore how a reform strategy can make optimal use of the opportunities provided by the drivers of change; and third; to suggest how these lessons can be proactively used by other reformers to design and guide reforms. The case study findings suggest that, regardless of the content of reform, success is influenced by an evolving mix of seven drivers of change: i) globalization or competitiveness; ii) crisis; iii) political leadership; iv) unfolding reform synergies; v) technocrats; vi) changes in civil society, and vii) external pressure. The case studies suggest that reformers can influence the direction and pace of change by mobilizing and exploiting drivers of it. Rather than a cause-and-effect scenario in which a single driver-such as a crisis-creates and defines the success of a body of reforms, what happens is an unfolding series of events in which various drivers become more and less important in defining phases of the reform process.
- Published
- 2009
28. The Missing Link : Fostering Positive Citizen-State Relations in Post-Conflict Environments
- Author
-
von Kaltenborn-Stachau, Henriette
- Subjects
PUBLIC DEBATE ,COMMITTEE MEETINGS ,ELECTED OFFICIALS ,PUBLIC PRESSURE ,PUBLIC OPINIONS ,DECISION-MAKING ,NATIONAL CONSENSUS ,ELECTED REPRESENTATIVES ,POLICY MAKERS ,POLITICAL CONTROL ,NATIONAL LEVEL ,POLICY ISSUES ,MINISTRY OF INFORMATION ,FORMAL ECONOMY ,ADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITY ,INFORMAL SECTOR ,MEDIA COVERAGE ,INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ,LEGISLATIVE DECISIONS ,WAR ,GOVERNMENT INFORMATION ,CONSTRUCTIVE CRITICISM ,VIOLENCE ,TRANSPARENCY ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,PEACE ,WARFARE ,LACK OF COMMUNICATION ,FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT ,GOVERNANCE REFORM ,ELECTED REPRESENTATIVE ,DISTRICTS ,PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS ,NATIONAL BUDGET ,VICTIMS ,MINISTER ,EX-COMBATANTS ,PARLIAMENT ,SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,NATIONAL STATE ,PEER PRESSURE ,MINORITY ,TV ,CITIZENSHIP ,CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS ,DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE ,LEGISLATIVE BODY ,POLITICAL UNREST ,CITIZENS ,POLITICAL SYSTEM ,POLITICAL WILL ,TRAUMA ,JUDICIARY ,CIVIL RIGHTS ,GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS ,DISSEMINATION ,MONOPOLY ,CIVIL SERVANTS ,EQUAL PARTICIPATION ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ,DECENTRALIZATION ,INTERNATIONAL MEDIA ,LEGISLATURE ,POLICE ,NATIONAL CAPACITY ,JUSTICE ,JUDICIAL REFORM ,YOUTH ,RESPECT ,TECHNICAL CAPACITY ,CIVIL SOCIETIES ,GOOD GOVERNANCE ,LEGISLATORS ,EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION ,CITIZEN ENGAGEMENT ,PUBLIC FINANCE ,LEGAL STATUS ,ELECTIONS ,POLITICAL LANDSCAPE ,POOR GOVERNANCE ,ABUSE ,RELIGIOUS GROUPS ,GOVERNMENT SYSTEMS ,REPRESSION ,POLITICAL PROCESSES ,CORRUPTION ,POLITICIANS ,CIVIL SOCIETY REPRESENTATIVES ,RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ACTION ,LEGISLATIVE PROCESS ,LAWS ,DECENTRALIZATION PROCESS ,POLITICAL ACTION ,BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE ,POLITICAL PARTIES ,MARKET ECONOMY ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,PUBLIC INFORMATION ,LOCAL POPULATION ,PUBLIC SERVICE ,PEACEKEEPING ,TREATIES ,BRAIN DRAIN ,JUDICIAL PROCESSES ,STATE INSTITUTIONS ,REGULATORY BODY ,PUBLIC SUPPORT ,HUMAN RIGHT ,LEGISLATIVE ACTS ,RADIO STATIONS ,PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT ,ARMED GROUPS ,WORKING CONDITIONS ,CIVIL SOCIETY ,INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ,MANDATES ,DECISION-MAKING PROCESS ,NATIONS ,RULE OF LAW ,SOCIAL MOVEMENTS ,CRIME ,POLITICAL LEADERS ,CONSTITUTION ,POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS ,INTEGRITY ,CIVIL SOCIETY ACTORS ,POLICY DECISIONS ,POLITICAL COMMITMENT ,TREATY ,CONSTITUENCIES ,HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS ,TELEVISION ,DEMOCRACY ,POLITICAL TURMOIL ,STATE FUNCTIONS ,REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS ,DECREES ,PUBLIC EDUCATION ,EXECUTIVE BRANCH ,POLITICAL UNCERTAINTY ,RURAL AREAS ,PROGRESS ,RELIGIOUS LEADERS ,CONSTITUENT ,DECISION MAKING ,LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK ,VOTING ,CONSTITUENCY ,PUBLIC SECTOR ,LOCAL COMMUNITIES ,PUBLIC SPHERE ,WARS ,TECHNICAL TRAINING ,FREE SPEECH ,HUMAN RIGHTS ,PUBLIC OPINION ,CONSTITUENTS ,POST-CONFLICT SETTINGS ,PUBLIC SYSTEM ,AUTHORITY ,DECISION-MAKERS ,DEMOCRATIC PROCESSES ,LIBEL ,PRINT MEDIA ,POLITICAL LEADERSHIP ,INDEPENDENT MEDIA ,SECURITY POLICY ,STATE ASSETS ,PUBLIC DISCOURSE ,LEGISLATIVE ELECTIONS ,STATE FUNDING ,ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM ,HUMAN CAPITAL ,CITIZEN ,INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY ,SEX ,PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ,INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE ,GOVERNMENT ASSISTANCE ,NATIONAL POLICY ,INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS ,HUMAN RESOURCES ,CIVIL SERVANT ,PUBLIC AFFAIRS ,PUBLIC OFFICIALS ,PUBLIC POLICY ,LEGISLATION ,CIVIL SERVICE REFORMS ,PUBLIC DEMAND ,REMEDY ,PUBLIC BROADCASTING ,FINANCE MANAGEMENT ,JOURNALISTS ,RADIO ,VOTING RECORDS ,LEGAL FRAMEWORK ,NATIONAL SECURITY ,REFUGEE ,FINANCIAL SUPPORT ,CAPACITY BUILDING ,ELECTION ,NATIONAL DIALOGUE ,LEGITIMACY ,PRACTITIONERS ,PUBLIC HEARINGS ,REFUGEES ,DISARMAMENT ,ILLITERACY ,GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS ,LACK OF INFORMATION ,LEGISLATIVE PROCESSES ,POLITICAL ISSUES ,ETHICS ,RURAL POPULATIONS - Abstract
The aim of this study is to convince national and multilateral policy makers of the importance of the public sphere concept for democratic governance and strategic post-conflict assistance planning with the objective of positive and sustainable change in current post-conflict assistance policy and practice. The study introduces the conceptual thinking underlying the public sphere framework and, citing evidence from different countries, highlights its relevance and calls for its application in post-conflict environments. For practitioners the study provides a public sphere assessment toolkit and a toolbox for interventions. It also offers concrete examples and recommendations on how to address the specific governance challenges identified through a public sphere analysis in three countries: Timor-Leste, Liberia and Burundi.
- Published
- 2008
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