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Цинк (Zn) је есенцијални микроелемент за биљкe. Житарице су најважнији извор протеина и минерала за скоро половину популације у свету, чије је здравље угрожено недостатком цинка. Стога су истраживања у свету усмерена ка повећању садржаја цинка у најважнијим пољопривредним производима, проучавањем механизама Zn-ефикасности и примени цинка у производној пракси, најчешће на карбонатним земљиштима која су често Zn-дефицитарна. Иако су минерална ђубрива са цинком доступна на тржишту у Србији, ретко се примењују у производној пракси у ратарству. Главни циљеви ових истраживања били су да се утврди да ли постоје генотипске разлике у Zn-ефикасности између домаћих хибрида кукуруза, са посебним освртом на ефикасност хибрида у акумулацији цинка у зрну, и да се проучи утицај прајминга семена и фолијарне примене цинка на пораст, принос и минерални састав зрна кукуруза. Циљ је био и да се проучи утицај прајминга семена водом (хидропрајминг) и цинком на квалитет и животну способност семена. Резултати огледа у хранљивим растворима указали су на значајне генотипске разлике у Zn-ефикасности девет хибрида, одређене на основу пораста надземног дела биљака и концентрације цинка у листовима у третманима са дефицитом цинка (0,05 μМ) и оптималном концентрацијом (0,5 μМ). У двогодишњем пољском огледу, Zn-ефикасни хибриди NS 6030 и NS 4030 и Zn-неефикасни NS 4023 и NS 3022 гајени су на два локалитета, на карбонатном земљишту слабо обезбеђеном доступним цинком. Упркос забележеним значајним разликама између хибрида у концентрацији цинка у зрну, резултати не указују на велике генотипске разлике у ефикасности његове акумулације у зрну. Корелација између концентрације цинка и гвожђа у зрну није била значајна... Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace element for plants. Cereals are the most important source of proteins and minerals for almost half of the world population, whose health is affected by zinc deficiency. Therefore, global research is focused at increasing zinc content in the most important agricultural products by studying the mechanisms of Zn-efficiency and practical application of zinc in crops production. Although mineral fertilizers with zinc are available in the market in Serbia, they are rarely applied in crop production. The main objectives of the research were to evaluate genotypic variability of Zn-efficiency in domestic maize hybrids, with special emphasis on their efficiency in grain zinc accumulation and to examine the effect of seed priming and foliar application of zinc on the growth, yield and grain mineral content. Also, the aim of the research was to examine how seed quality and viability are affected by seed priming with water (hydropriming) and zinc. Results obtained from the nutrient solution experiment indicated significant genotypic differences in Zn-efficiency in nine hybrids, based on shoot growth and zinc concentration in the leaves under treatments with zinc deficiency (0.05 uM) and the optimal zinc concentration (0.5 uM). In the two-year field experiment, Zn-efficient hybrids NS 6030 and NS 4030 and Zn-inefficient NS 4023 and NS 3022 were grown on two sites, on calcareous soil with low available Zn. Despite obtained significant differences between hybrids in zinc grain concentration, the results do not indicate to remarkable genotypic differences in the efficiency in zinc accumulation in the grain. There was no significant correlation between grain zinc and iron concentration...

Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace element for plants. Cereals are the most important source of proteins and minerals for almost half of the world population, whose health is affected by zinc deficiency. Therefore, global research is focused at increasing zinc content in the most important agricultural products by studying the mechanisms of Zn-efficiency and practical application of zinc in crops production. Although mineral fertilizers with zinc are available in the market in Serbia, they are rarely applied in crop production. The main objectives of the research were to evaluate genotypic variability of Zn-efficiency in domestic maize hybrids, with special emphasis on their efficiency in grain zinc accumulation and to examine the effect of seed priming and foliar application of zinc on the growth, yield and grain mineral content. Also, the aim of the research was to examine how seed quality and viability are affected by seed priming with water (hydropriming) and zinc. Results obtained from the nutrient solution experiment indicated significant genotypic differences in Zn-efficiency in nine hybrids, based on shoot growth and zinc concentration in the leaves under treatments with zinc deficiency (0.05 uM) and the optimal zinc concentration (0.5 uM). In the two-year field experiment, Zn-efficient hybrids NS 6030 and NS 4030 and Zn-inefficient NS 4023 and NS 3022 were grown on two sites, on calcareous soil with low available Zn. Despite obtained significant differences between hybrids in zinc grain concentration, the results do not indicate to remarkable genotypic differences in the efficiency in zinc accumulation in the grain. There was no significant correlation between grain zinc and iron concentration... Cink (Zn) je esencijalni mikroelement za biljke. Žitarice su najvažniji izvor proteina i minerala za skoro polovinu populacije u svetu, čije je zdravlje ugroženo nedostatkom cinka. Stoga su istraživanja u svetu usmerena ka povećanju sadržaja cinka u najvažnijim poljoprivrednim proizvodima, proučavanjem mehanizama Zn-efikasnosti i primeni cinka u proizvodnoj praksi, najčešće na karbonatnim zemljištima koja su često Zn-deficitarna. Iako su mineralna đubriva sa cinkom dostupna na tržištu u Srbiji, retko se primenjuju u proizvodnoj praksi u ratarstvu. Glavni ciljevi ovih istraživanja bili su da se utvrdi da li postoje genotipske razlike u Zn-efikasnosti između domaćih hibrida kukuruza, sa posebnim osvrtom na efikasnost hibrida u akumulaciji cinka u zrnu, i da se prouči uticaj prajminga semena i folijarne primene cinka na porast, prinos i mineralni sastav zrna kukuruza. Cilj je bio i da se prouči uticaj prajminga semena vodom (hidroprajming) i cinkom na kvalitet i životnu sposobnost semena. Rezultati ogleda u hranljivim rastvorima ukazali su na značajne genotipske razlike u Zn-efikasnosti devet hibrida, određene na osnovu porasta nadzemnog dela biljaka i koncentracije cinka u listovima u tretmanima sa deficitom cinka (0,05 μM) i optimalnom koncentracijom (0,5 μM). U dvogodišnjem poljskom ogledu, Zn-efikasni hibridi NS 6030 i NS 4030 i Zn-neefikasni NS 4023 i NS 3022 gajeni su na dva lokaliteta, na karbonatnom zemljištu slabo obezbeđenom dostupnim cinkom. Uprkos zabeleženim značajnim razlikama između hibrida u koncentraciji cinka u zrnu, rezultati ne ukazuju na velike genotipske razlike u efikasnosti njegove akumulacije u zrnu. Korelacija između koncentracije cinka i gvožđa u zrnu nije bila značajna...

U trogodišnjem periodu (2005 – 2007. godine) vršena su istraživanja uticaja tipa zemljišta (černozem i gajnjača), količine azota (kontrola – bez đubrenja, PKNfon, PKN60, PKN120 i PKN180) i hibrida različite dužine vegetacionog perioda (ZPSC 434, ZPSC 578 i ZPSC 677) na morfološke i produktivne osobine, komponente prinosa i prinos zrna, sadržaj vode u zrnu, sadržaj azota u listu i zrnu, iznošenje azota prinosom zrna, kao i na kvalitativne osobine zrna kukuruza. Osim toga, u periodu pre setve kukuruza, kao i u fazama cvetanja klipa i fiziološke zrelosti zrna praćena je dinamika mikrobiološke aktivnosti zemljišta do dubine od 30 cm i dinamika mineralnog azota u zemljištu do dubine od 90 cm. Ispitivanja su obavljena putem poljskih mikroogleda u agroekološkim uslovima istočnog Srema (Zemun Polje) i centralne Šumadije (Rača Kragujevačka) metodom razdeljenih parcela (split plot) u četiri ponavljanja. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da je u zemljištu tipa černozem utvrđena veća ukupna brojnost mikroorganizama, brojnost aktinomiceta i Azotobacter sp., a u gajnjači veća brojnost gljiva. Dopunska ishrana azotom u količini od 60 kgha-1 delovala je najstimulativnije na ukupan broj mikroorganizama, brojnost aktinomiceta i Azotobacter sp. Đubrenje azotom u količini od 180 kgha-1 delovalo je, uglavnom, inhibitorno na posmatrane grupe mikroorganizama. Brojnost gljiva varirala je nepravilno u zavisnosti od količine azota. Veća ukupna brojnost mikroorganizama ustanovljena je pod ugarom u poređenju sa uzorcima zemljišta pod usevom kukuruza. U svim godinama istraživanja, u černozemu je izmerena veća količina mineralnog azota u zemljištu u odnosu na gajnjaču. Najmanja količina mineralnog azota utvrđena je u kontrolnoj varijanti, i pod ugarom i pod usevom kukuruza. Sa povećanjem količine azota iz đubriva povećavao se i sadržaj mineralnog azota u zemljištu, kao i usvajanje azota od strane biljaka hibrida kukuruza. Povećanje sadržaja mineralnog azota u zemljištu pod uticajem đubrenja ispoljilo se snažnije u gajnjači u poređenju sa černozemom... A three - year trial (2005 - 2007) was conducted with the objective of studying the influence of soil type (chernozem and brown forest soil), nitrogen rates (no N control variant, PKNfon, PKN60, PKN120 and PKN180) and hybrids of different maturity classes and length of vegetation period (ZPSC 434, ZPSC 578 and ZPSC 677) on morphological and yield properties, yield components and grain yield, water content in grain, nitrogen content in leaf and grain, nitrogen uptake including corn grain quality properties. During corn seed sowing but also in the phases of corn cob flowering and the physiological maturity of grain, both the dynamics of the microbiological activity and that of mineral nitrogen in soil were monitored to a depth of 30 and 90 cm respectively. Field experiments were carried out under the agroecological conditions of eastern Srem (Zemun - Polje) and central Šumadija (Rača Kragujevačka) using a split - plot design in four replications. Based on the results obtained the overall number of microorganisms, actinomycete and Azobacter sp. was greater in the chernozem soil type. The number of fungi was greater in the brown forest soil type. The most stimulative with regard to the total number of microorganisms, number of actinomycetes and Azotobacter sp. was nitrogen added at the rate of 60 kgha-1. Nitrogen applied at the rate of 180 kgha -1 mostly tended to inhibit the investigated groups of microorganisms. The number of fungi varied unevenly depending on the nitrogen rate employed. The overall number of microorganisms was greater in soil samples from fallow land compared with corn - sown land In all the three trial years the amount of mineral nitrogen was greater in chernozem compared with the brown forest soil type. The amount of mineral nitrogen was the smallest in the no N control variant of both fallow and corn - sown soil samples. Increasing the rate of fertilizer nitrogen tended to increase the content of mineral nitrogen in soil, but also the amount of nitrogen uptake by hybrid corn plants. Fertilization was found to contribute to greater amounts of mineral nitrogen in brown forest soil than in chernozem soil type...

A three - year trial (2005 - 2007) was conducted with the objective of studying the influence of soil type (chernozem and brown forest soil), nitrogen rates (no N control variant, PKNfon, PKN60, PKN120 and PKN180) and hybrids of different maturity classes and length of vegetation period (ZPSC 434, ZPSC 578 and ZPSC 677) on morphological and yield properties, yield components and grain yield, water content in grain, nitrogen content in leaf and grain, nitrogen uptake including corn grain quality properties. During corn seed sowing but also in the phases of corn cob flowering and the physiological maturity of grain, both the dynamics of the microbiological activity and that of mineral nitrogen in soil were monitored to a depth of 30 and 90 cm respectively. Field experiments were carried out under the agroecological conditions of eastern Srem (Zemun - Polje) and central Šumadija (Rača Kragujevačka) using a split - plot design in four replications. Based on the results obtained the overall number of microorganisms, actinomycete and Azobacter sp. was greater in the chernozem soil type. The number of fungi was greater in the brown forest soil type. The most stimulative with regard to the total number of microorganisms, number of actinomycetes and Azotobacter sp. was nitrogen added at the rate of 60 kgha-1. Nitrogen applied at the rate of 180 kgha -1 mostly tended to inhibit the investigated groups of microorganisms. The number of fungi varied unevenly depending on the nitrogen rate employed. The overall number of microorganisms was greater in soil samples from fallow land compared with corn - sown land In all the three trial years the amount of mineral nitrogen was greater in chernozem compared with the brown forest soil type. The amount of mineral nitrogen was the smallest in the no N control variant of both fallow and corn - sown soil samples. Increasing the rate of fertilizer nitrogen tended to increase the content of mineral nitrogen in soil, but also the amount of nitrogen uptake by hybrid corn plants. Fertilization was found to contribute to greater amounts of mineral nitrogen in brown forest soil than in chernozem soil type... U trogodišnjem periodu (2005 – 2007. godine) vršena su istraživanja uticaja tipa zemljišta (černozem i gajnjača), količine azota (kontrola – bez đubrenja, PKNfon, PKN60, PKN120 i PKN180) i hibrida različite dužine vegetacionog perioda (ZPSC 434, ZPSC 578 i ZPSC 677) na morfološke i produktivne osobine, komponente prinosa i prinos zrna, sadržaj vode u zrnu, sadržaj azota u listu i zrnu, iznošenje azota prinosom zrna, kao i na kvalitativne osobine zrna kukuruza. Osim toga, u periodu pre setve kukuruza, kao i u fazama cvetanja klipa i fiziološke zrelosti zrna praćena je dinamika mikrobiološke aktivnosti zemljišta do dubine od 30 cm i dinamika mineralnog azota u zemljištu do dubine od 90 cm. Ispitivanja su obavljena putem poljskih mikroogleda u agroekološkim uslovima istočnog Srema (Zemun Polje) i centralne Šumadije (Rača Kragujevačka) metodom razdeljenih parcela (split plot) u četiri ponavljanja. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da je u zemljištu tipa černozem utvrđena veća ukupna brojnost mikroorganizama, brojnost aktinomiceta i Azotobacter sp., a u gajnjači veća brojnost gljiva. Dopunska ishrana azotom u količini od 60 kgha-1 delovala je najstimulativnije na ukupan broj mikroorganizama, brojnost aktinomiceta i Azotobacter sp. Đubrenje azotom u količini od 180 kgha-1 delovalo je, uglavnom, inhibitorno na posmatrane grupe mikroorganizama. Brojnost gljiva varirala je nepravilno u zavisnosti od količine azota. Veća ukupna brojnost mikroorganizama ustanovljena je pod ugarom u poređenju sa uzorcima zemljišta pod usevom kukuruza. U svim godinama istraživanja, u černozemu je izmerena veća količina mineralnog azota u zemljištu u odnosu na gajnjaču. Najmanja količina mineralnog azota utvrđena je u kontrolnoj varijanti, i pod ugarom i pod usevom kukuruza. Sa povećanjem količine azota iz đubriva povećavao se i sadržaj mineralnog azota u zemljištu, kao i usvajanje azota od strane biljaka hibrida kukuruza. Povećanje sadržaja mineralnog azota u zemljištu pod uticajem đubrenja ispoljilo se snažnije u gajnjači u poređenju sa černozemom...