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Under the changing climatic conditions, one of the most pressing issues in wheat production is the improvement of the yield quality, the lack of which has a negative impact on animal and human health. More than 25% of the world's population are affected by micronutrient deficiencies in food products, a problem which is known as hidden hunger. Thus, effective micronutrient management is crucial for improving both the quantity and quality of wheat production by increasing the plant's ability to tolerate various environmental stresses and diseases. In this review, previous works were assessed to investigate the significance of micronutrient fertilizers and their interaction effects on the wheat grain yield and quality, including high-quality and nutritionally rich products. The application of micronutrients mixed with macronutrients significantly increases plant growth, physiological traits, yield components, the grain yield, and the quality traits. Among the types of applications, the foliar application of nutrients is very profitable due to its efficiency in terms of economics, ecology, and the qualitative and quantitative yield. In short, in-depth studies are needed to determine the best concentrations, forms, and times of application of micro-fertilizers to the wheat field and to mitigate the challenges of the increasing wheat demand due to steadily rising world population growth and reducing the rates of nutritional deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tillage system and macronutrients are the many emerging farming issues that are addressed in contemporary cropping systems. In this regard, selection of a promising high-yielding variety of winter soft wheat was considered. The effects of basic tillage practices (Moldboard ploughing, Flat cutting ploughing and Disk ploughing) in combination with the different fertilization (Fertilizer-free, N90P50 and N180P100) were investigated on qualitative and quantitative parameters of winter wheat cultivar Grom under semi-arid environmental condition of southern Russia. The experimental design used in this experiment was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The highest winter wheat Grom yield with the value of 5.3 and 5.6 t/ha was attained for Moldboard ploughing and Flat cutting ploughing at a depth of 20-22 cm combined with application of nutrients N180P100, respectively. On the other hand, the lowest grain yield (2.78 t/ha) was achieved in fertilizer-free treatment in combination with Disk ploughing 12-14 cm depth. Moldboard ploughing plus nutrient application N180P100had the best results on leaf area (48.2 thousand m²/ha), photosynthetic potential (million m² x day/ha) and dry biomass (10.1 t/ha). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need for effective nutrient management is crucial for optimizing wheat production and increasing the plant's ability to tolerate different environmental stresses. In this study, we assessed the influence of new-generation PGRs and foliar topdressing nitrogen fertilizer and their interactive effects on wheat yield and quality parameters of grain and flour. A three-year field experiment was conducted on the dark chestnut soil of the Rostov region. We estimated the effect of foliar topdressing liquid nitrogen fertilizer on consumption rates of N32 (N32), N64 (N32 + N32), and N96 (N32 + N32 + N32), as well as new-generation plant growth regulators (PGRs), namely, Zirkon, Silk, and Albit, on the productivity and grain quality of winter wheat Tarasovskaya 70. The results of the experiments indicate that the highest average grain yield over three years was 5.34 t/ha−1 with the application of N96 (N32 + N32 + N32) and Albit PGR. In 2020, due to favorable weather conditions, the greatest grain yield was attained at 6.27 t/ha−1 for N96 (N32 + N32 + N32) and Albit PGR. The highest grain quality with the greatest gluten content >28% was obtained when N96 (N32 + N32 + N32) and PGRs were applied. According to the results, using N96 (N32 + N32 + N32) and PGRs made it possible to obtain "valuable" grain in terms of quality, which is suitable for the production of premium flour. The beneficial interactive effects of N application rates and PGRs on winter wheat yield and quality parameters are worthy of further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cleavers (Galium aparine L.) causes severe problems in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). Four field experiments were performed at Kayakenstky and Stalskiy regions, southern Russia over two growing winter seasons 2015 and 2016 to evaluate postemergence (POST) applications of herbicides (Flucarbazone, metsulfuron, 2,4-D, fluroxypyr, tribenuron, pyroxsulam and sulfosulfuron) applied alone or in tank mixtures on winter wheat cultivars. Wheat injury from herbicide application was minor, with the exception of pyroxsulam + sulfosulfuron in 2015, and tribenuron + pyroxsulam in 2016 at Kayakenstky. Best cleavers control was observed in treatments containing tribenuron. Cleavers were controlled least by metsulfuron (study 1) and flucarbazone (study 2), whereas cleavers had intermediate growth inhibitory responses to the other treatments. Tribenuron + fluroxypyr applied in wheat 'Krasnodar 99', and tribenuron + pyroxsulam in wheat 'Gerda' resulted in enhanced grain yield with the value of 60% and 45.7%, respectively. Overall, tribenuron and herbicides containing tribenuron provided the most efficient control compared to the other herbicides and consistently maintained optimal grain yields in all cases. To improve weed control and to prevent a rapid development of herbicide resistance, tribenuron should be applied in combination with either fluroxypyr, pyroxsulam or metsulfuron. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L). is a broadleaf weed in autumn crop fields in Russia. Four field experiments were performed in Stalskiy region, southern Russia in two growing seasons, 2016 and 2017, to investigate the effects of postemergence applications of applied alone or in tank mixtures in winter wheat cultivars Tanya and Bagrat. Redroot pigweed control was greatest with tribenuron and all herbicide treatments containing tribenuron. The lowest redroot pigweed control was with aminopyralid/florasulam (study 1) and triasulfuron (study 2), respectively, whereas redroot pigweed had intermediate responses to the other examined herbicides. Tribenuron plus fluroxypyr sprayed on wheat cultivar 'Tanya', and tribenuron plus triasulfuron on wheat cultivar 'Bagrat' resulted in increased wheat grain yields. Overall, tribenuron and herbicides containing tribenuron provided the most efficient redroot pigweed control compared with the other herbicides and consistently maintained optimal winter wheat yields. Tribenuron could ameliorate redroot resistance to herbicides in wheat fields in southern Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) is a weed that frequently infests spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fields in Moscow province, Russia. It is an annual broad leaf weed, which is indigenous throughout most parts of the globe and one of the most competitive weeds of spring cereal crops. In southern Russia it is emerging as an important crop competitor. Field trials focusing on herbicide timing and efficacy on wild mustard control and spring wheat yield in the Moscow region, Kashira and Baribino districts. A PRE glyphosate application to wheat regardless of fall or spring application timing favorably suppressed wild mustard in 2018. Weeds were not controlled in 2019 with the earliest application timings of glyphosate because weeds emerged late. In comparing fall and spring application timings, the formulated combination of (iodosulfuron/mesosulfuron/antidote mefenpyr-diethyl) at both field rates provided 80% weed control for all application timings and locations, and also resulting in the greatest spring wheat grain yield. Overall, herbicide treatments performed greater when they were in the fall than during the spring. Based on POST herbicide application, tribenuron-methyl provided the greatest wild mustard suppression (75%) and also caused the highest reduction in wild mustard biomass (3.3 g), stem number (6), seed number (880) and germination percentage (33%). When wild mustard was approximately 32 weeds/m2 causedtotal wheat yield loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]