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1. [Comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (2004). I. Susceptibility distribution].

Author

Kumamoto Y, Tsukamoto T, Matsukawa M, Kunishima Y, Hirose T, Shigeta S, Yamaguti O, Ishibashi K, Suzutani T, Yoshida H, Imafuku Y, Murai M, Watanabe K, Kobayashi Y, Uchida H, Matsuda S, Sato S, Fujime M, Fujita K, Igari J, Oguri T, Yamaguchi K, Furuya N, Deguchi T, Ishihara S, Ooe H, Oka T, Kitamura M, Fukuhara Y, Kamidono S, Arakawa S, Kumon H, Monden K, Matsumoto T, Muratani T, Naito S, Egashira T, Konishi T, Kohno S, Hirakata Y, Kondo A, Matsuda J, and Nakano M

Subjects
Aminoglycosides pharmacology, Ampicillin pharmacology, Aztreonam analogs & derivatives, Aztreonam pharmacology, Cefixime pharmacology, Ceftizoxime analogs & derivatives, Ceftizoxime pharmacology, Cephalosporins pharmacology, Dibekacin analogs & derivatives, Dibekacin pharmacology, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Enterococcus faecalis drug effects, Escherichia coli drug effects, Gentamicins pharmacology, Humans, Imipenem pharmacology, Klebsiella pneumoniae drug effects, Meropenem, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Proteus mirabilis drug effects, Pseudomonas aeruginosa drug effects, Quinolones pharmacology, Serratia marcescens drug effects, Staphylococcus aureus drug effects, Thienamycins pharmacology, Vancomycin pharmacology, Cefpirome, Cefozopran, Cefpodoxime, Anti-Infective Agents pharmacology, Gram-Negative Bacteria drug effects, Gram-Positive Bacteria drug effects, Urinary Tract Infections microbiology
Abstract

The bacterial strains isolated from 490 patients diagnosed as having urinary tract infections (UTIs) in 14 institutions in Japan were collected between August 2004 and July 2005. The susceptibilities of them to many kinds of antimicrobial agents were measured. Of them, 577 strains were estimated as causative bacteria and used for the measurement. The strains consisted of 156 gram-positive bacterial strains (27.0%) and 421 gram-negative bacterial strains (73.0%). Against Staphylococcus aureus, arbekacin (ABK), vancomycin (VCM) showed the strongest activity and prevented the growth of all strains with 2 microg/mL. Against Enterococcus faecalis, ampicillin (ABPC) and VCM showed a strong antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity of cephems to Escherichia coli was generally good, and especially cefozopran (CZOP) and cefpirome (CPR) showed the strongest activity (MIC90: < or = 125 microg/mL). Quinolone resistant E. coli [MIC of ciprofloxacin (CPFX): > or = 4 microg/mL] was detected at frequency of 18.8%, which was higher than that in the last year. Against Klebsiella pneumoniae, CZOP, meropenem (MEPM), and carumonam (CRMN) showed the strongest activity and prevented the growth of all strains with 0.125 microg/mL or less. The antibacterial activity of the other cephems was relatively good, and decrease in their activity observed in the last year study was not recognized. Against Serratia marcescens, imipenem (IPM) and gentamicin (GM) had the strongest antibacterial activity. Against Proteus mirabilis, CRMN showed the strongest activity and prevented the growth of all strains with 0.125 microg/mL or less. MEPM prevented the growth of all strains with 0.25 microg/mL. Next, cefmenoxime (CMX), ceftazidime (CAZ), CZOP, cefixime (CFIX), cefpodoxime (CPDX), and cefditoren (CDTR) showed a strong activity. The antibacterial activity of the drugs to Pseudomonas aeruginosa was generally low, and MIC90 of all the drugs was ranged from 32 to > 128 microg/mL except IPM and MEPM having 16 microg/mL. The antibacterial activities of CZOP and CAZ were considered to be relatively good on MIC50 comparison (MIC50: 2 microg/mL).

Published
2006

2. [Comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (2003). I. Susceptibility distribution].

Author

Kumamoto Y, Tsukamoto T, Matsukawa M, Kunishima Y, Watanabe K, Kobayashi Y, Uchida H, Matsuda S, Hirose T, Sato S, Shigeta S, Fujime M, Fujita K, Yamaguti O, Ishibashi K, Igari J, Suzutani T, Oguri T, Yoshida H, Imafuku Y, Yamaguchi K, Furuya N, Murai M, Deguchi T, Ishihara S, Ooe H, Matsumoto T, Takahashi K, Nishikawa M, Naito S, Egashira T, Konishi T, Oka T, Kitamura M, Kohno S, Fukuhara Y, Hirakata Y, Kondo A, Matsuda J, Nakano M, Kamidono S, Suzuki Y, Arakawa S, Kumon H, and Monden K

Subjects
Humans, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Gram-Negative Bacteria drug effects, Gram-Positive Bacteria drug effects, Urinary Tract Infections microbiology
Abstract

The bacterial strains isolated from 565 patients diagnosed as having urinary tract infections (UTIs) in 14 institutions in Japan were collected between August 2003 and July 2004. The susceptibilities of them to many kinds of antimicrobial agents were investigated. Of them, 701 strains were estimated as prophlogistic bacteria and used for the investigation. The strains consisted of 258 Gram-positive bacterial strains (36.8%) and 443 Gram-negative bacterial strains (63.2%). Against Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin (VCM) showed the strongest activity and prevented the growth of all strains with 2 microg/mL. Against Streptococcus agalactiae, ampicillin (ABPC), cefozopran (CZOP), imipenem (IPM), and clarithromycin (CAM) showed a strong activity and the MIC90 was 0.125 microg/mL or less. Against Enterococcus faecalis, VCM, ABPC, and IPM showed a strong antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity of cephems to Escherichia coli was generally good, and especially CZOP and cefpirome (CPR) showed the strongest activity (MIC90: < or = 0.125 microg/mL). Quinolone resistant E. coli [MIC of ciprofloxacin (CPFX): > or =4 microg/mL] was detected at frequency of 15.7%, which was higher than that in the last year. Against Klebsiella pneumoniae, meropenem (MEPM) showed the strongest activity and next, the antibacterial activity of CRMN and CZOP was good. The antibacterial activity of the other cephems, however, significantly decreased, compared with that evaluated in last year. Against Serratia marcescens, MEPM had the strongest antibacterial activity. Against Proteus mirabilis, MEPM and CRMN showed the strongest activity and prevented the growth of all strains with 0.125 microg/mL or less. Nest, cefmenoxime (CMX), ceftazidime (CAZ), cefixime (CFIX), cefpodoxime (CPDX), CPR, CZOP, and cefditoren (CDTR) showed a strong activity. The antibacterial activity of the drugs to Pseudomonas aeruginosa was generally low, and MIC90 of all the drugs was ranged from 32 to < or = 256 microg/mL except IPM and amikacin (AMK) having 16 microg/mL. The antibacterial activity of CZOP was relatively good (MIC50: 2 microg/mL).

Published
2005

3. [Comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (2001). I. Susceptibility distribution].

Author

Kumamoto Y, Tsukamoto T, Watanabe K, Kobayashi Y, Matsukawa M, Uchida H, Kunishima Y, Hirose T, Matsuda S, Sato S, Shigeta S, Fujime M, Fujita K, Yamaguti O, Ogihara M, Ishibashi K, Igari J, Takahashi K, Oguri T, Yoshida H, Imafuku Y, Yamaguchi K, Furuya N, Kashitani F, Murai M, Ooe H, Nishikawa M, Kumon H, Monden K, Oka T, Kitamura M, Kohno S, Tomono K, Miyazaki Y, Matsuoka Y, Fukuhara Y, Hirakata Y, and Aoki S

Subjects
Dosage Forms, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Gram-Negative Bacteria isolation & purification, Gram-Positive Bacteria isolation & purification, Humans, Time Factors, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Gram-Negative Bacteria drug effects, Gram-Positive Bacteria drug effects, Urinary Tract Infections microbiology
Abstract

The bacterial strains isolated from patients diagnosed as having urinary tract infections (UTIs) in 10 institutions in Japan were supplied between the period of September and December 2001. Then, the susceptibilities of them to a variety of antimicrobial agents were investigated. The number of them were 496 strains. The breakdown of these strains was Gram-positive bacteria as 29.6% and Gram-negative bacteria as 70.4%. Susceptibilities of these bacteria to antimicrobial agents were as follows; against Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin (VCM) showed a strong activity, and this drug also had a strong activity against MRSA in preventing growth of all strains at 1 microgram/mL. In addition, arbekacin (ABK) showed strong activity with the MIC90 of 2 micrograms/mL against MRSA and prevented growth of all strains at 4 micrograms/mL. ABK also showed a strong activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis in preventing growth of all strains at 0.5 microgram/mL. Ampicillin (ABPC) and cefozopran (CZOP) showed a relatively strong activity against S. epidermidis (MIC90: 8 micrograms/mL). ABPC, imipenem (IPM), and VCM showed strong activities against Enterococcus faecalis. No increase of low-susceptible strains in E. faecalis was observed against these antimicrobial agents. Against Escherichia coli, carbapenems showed the highest activities: meropenem (MEPM) prevented growth of all strains at 0.25 microgram/mL; IPM prevented growth of all strains at 0.5 microgram/mL. CZOP and cefotiam (CTM) also showed strong activities against E. coli: MIC90 of CZOP was within 0.125 microgram/mL; MIC90 of CTM was within 0.5 microgram/mL. Quinolone-resistant E. coli was detected at frequency of 9.3%, which was lower than that in the last year, and was higher level than those in up to 1999. MEPM showed the strongest activity against Citrobacter freundii in preventing growth of all strains at 0.125 microgram/mL. Almost all drugs showed strong activities against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis, and MEPM prevented growth of all strains within 0.125 microgram/mL. Against Serratia marcescens, the MIC90 of gentamicin (GM) was the lowest value being 2 micrograms/mL, and those of IPM and carumonam were 8 and 16 micrograms/mL, respectively. Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, almost all drugs were not so active. The MIC90 of GM was 8 micrograms/mL, those of IPM and amikacin were 16 micrograms/mL, and those of all other drugs were over than 32 micrograms/mL.

Published
2003

4. [Comparative studies on activities on antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (2000). III. Secular changes in susceptibility].

Author

Kumamoto Y, Tsukamoto T, Hirose T, Matsukawa M, Takahashi S, Kunishima Y, Fujime M, Fujita K, Ogihara M, Ishibashi K, Igari J, Shigeta S, Oguri T, Yamaguchi K, Matsumoto T, Kashitani F, Yoshida H, Imafuku Y, Murai M, Ooe H, Nishikawa M, Watanabe K, Kobayashi Y, Uchida H, Oka T, Kitamura M, Takano Y, Matsuoka Y, Matsuda S, Sato S, Furuhama T, Kumon H, Monden K, Kohno S, Miyazaki Y, Tomono K, Aoki S, Mochida C, and Hirakata Y

Subjects
Enterococcus faecalis drug effects, Enterococcus faecalis isolation & purification, Escherichia coli drug effects, Escherichia coli isolation & purification, Gram-Negative Bacteria isolation & purification, Gram-Positive Cocci isolation & purification, Humans, Klebsiella drug effects, Klebsiella isolation & purification, Pseudomonas aeruginosa drug effects, Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolation & purification, Staphylococcus aureus drug effects, Staphylococcus aureus isolation & purification, Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary pharmacology, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Gram-Negative Bacteria drug effects, Gram-Positive Cocci drug effects, Urinary Tract Infections microbiology
Abstract

The bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) isolated from patients diagnosed as having urinary tract infections (UTIs) in 10 institutions in Japan were supplied between August 2000 and July 2001. Then, the susceptibilities of these bacteria to various antimicrobial agents were examined, and the results were compared with those obtained between 1992 and 1999. Comparison was made by classifying strains isolated from patients into those in uncomplicated UTIs and those in complicated UTIs (including with or without indwelling catheter). E. faecalis showed good susceptibility to ampicillin (ABPC) and imipenem (IPM), and the MIC90s were 2 micrograms/ml. Also, E. faecalis showed good susceptibility to vancomycin (VCM). However, the MIC90, which was 2 micrograms/ml between 1992 and 1999, rose to 4 micrograms/ml in patients with complicated UTIs because the strains inhibited at 4 micrograms/ml increased more than before. The low susceptibility of S. aureus to arbekacin (ABK) in complicated UTIs, as shown in 1998 and 1999, recovered in 2000, and no strains inhibited at > or = 4 micrograms/ml were detected. E. coli showed good susceptibility to CTM (MIC90: 0.25-0.5 microgram/ml) and CZOP (MIC90: < or = 0.125 microgram/ml) and was not resistant to those. E. coli also showed good susceptibility to the other drugs except to penicillins. Decreases in susceptibility of E. coli to quinolones, ciprofloxacin (CPFX), and sparfloxacin (SPFX) were observed in the patients with complicated UTIs. The susceptibility of Klebsiella spp. to all drugs did not significantly change in 2000 and was generally good except to penicillins. Although the susceptibility of P. aeruginosa to carbapenems was notable, the MIC90 went up from 4 micrograms/ml to 16 micrograms/ml in complicated UTIs compared with those observed in the previous year.

Published
2002

5. [Comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (2000). I. Susceptibility distribution].

Author

Kumamoto Y, Tsukamoto T, Fujime M, Fujita K, Hirose T, Matsukawa M, Takahashi S, Kunishima Y, Igari J, Ogihara M, Ishibashi K, Oguri T, Shigeta S, Yamaguchi K, Matsumoto T, Kashitani F, Yoshida H, Imafuku Y, Murai M, Ooe H, Nishikawa M, Watanabe K, Kobayashi Y, Uchida H, Oka T, Kitamura M, Takano Y, Matsuoka Y, Matsuda S, Sato S, Furuhama T, Kumon H, Monden K, Aoki S, Mochida C, Hirakata Y, Kohno S, Miyazaki Y, and Tomono K

Subjects
4-Quinolones, Gram-Negative Bacteria isolation & purification, Gram-Positive Bacteria isolation & purification, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Anti-Infective Agents pharmacology, Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary pharmacology, Gram-Negative Bacteria drug effects, Gram-Positive Bacteria drug effects, Urinary Tract Infections microbiology
Abstract

The bacterial strains isolated from patients diagnosed as having urinary tract infections (UTIs) in 10 institutions in Japan were supplied between the period of August 2000 and July 2001. Then, the susceptibilities of them to many kinds of antimicrobial agents were investigated. The number of them were 511 strains. The breakdown of these strains was Gram-positive bacteria as 29.0% and Gram-negative bacteria as 71.0%. Susceptibilities of these bacteria to antimicrobial agents were as follows; vancomycin (VCM), ampicillin (ABPC) and imipenem (IPM) showed strong activities against Enterococcus faecalis. No increase in low-susceptible strains of E. faecalis observed against these antimicrobial agents. VCM showed a strong activity against MRSA preventing growth of all strains with 1 microgram/ml. In addition, the activity of arbekacin (ABK) was strong with the MIC90 of 2 micrograms/ml against MRSA and prevented growth of all strains with 4 micrograms/ml. ABK showed a strong activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis preventing growth of all strains with 0.5 microgram/ml. ABPC, cefotiam (CTM) and cefozopran (CZOP) also showed a relatively strong activity against S. epidermidis (MIC90: 4 to 8 micrograms/ml). Against Escherichia coli, carbapenems showed high activities: meropenem (MEPM) prevented growth of all strains within 0.125 microgram/ml; IPM prevented growth of all strains with 0.25 microgram/ml. CZOP and CTM also showed strong activities against E. coli: MIC90 of CZOP was within 0.125 microgram/ml; MIC80 and MIC90 of CTM were 0.25 and 0.5 microgram/ml, respectively. Quinolone resistant E. coli was detected at frequency of 14.0%, which was significantly higher than that in the last year. Almost all drugs showed strong activities against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis, and MEPM prevented growth of all strains within 0.125 microgram/ml. Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, almost drugs were not so active. The MIC90 of carbapenems and gentamicin (GM) were 16 micrograms/ml and those of all other drugs were more than 32 micrograms/ml. Against Serratia marcescens, the MIC90 of IPM and GM were the lowest value being 2 micrograms/ml, and that of MEPM was 4 micrograms/ml.

Published
2002

6. [Comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (1998). I. Susceptibility distribution].

Author

Kumamoto Y, Tsukamoto T, Hirose T, Matsukawa M, Kunishima Y, Ogiwara M, Ishibashi K, Shigeta S, Watanabe J, Yoshida H, Imafuku Y, Yamaguchi K, Matsumoto T, Kashitani F, Murai M, Ooe H, Nishikawa M, Watanabe K, Kobayashi Y, Uchida H, Oka T, Takano Y, Miyagawa Y, Matsuda S, Sato S, Furuhama T, Fujime M, Fujita K, Kohno S, Igari J, Miyazaki Y, Izumikawa K, Yamaguchi T, Mochida C, and Oguri T

Subjects
Drug Resistance, Microbial, Gram-Negative Bacteria isolation & purification, Gram-Positive Bacteria isolation & purification, Humans, Time Factors, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Gram-Negative Bacteria drug effects, Gram-Positive Bacteria drug effects, Urinary Tract Infections microbiology
Abstract

The frequencies of bacterial isolation and susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents were investigated on 538 bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in 9 hospitals during the period of June 1998 to May 1999. Of the above bacterial isolates, Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 30.3% and Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 69.7%. Susceptibilities of several isolated bacteria to antimicrobial agents were as follows; against Enterococcus faecalis isolated from patients with UTIs, vancomycin (VCM), ampicillin (ABPC) and imipenem (IPM) had strong activities. Among E. faecalis strains, those with low susceptibilities to all drugs have increased in 1998, compared with those in 1997. VCM showed the highest activity against MRSA isolated from patients with UTIs. The MICs of VCM for all 34 strains were equal to or lower than 2 micrograms/ml. Arbekacin (ABK) was also active against MRSA with the MIC90s of 2 micrograms/ml. Against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, all drugs except penicillins were active. Particularly, meropenem (MEPM) showed the highest activity with the MICs of 0.125 micrograms/ml or below. Almost all the drugs except minocycline (MINO) showed high activities against Proteus mirabilis. Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, all drugs were not so active, with the MIC90s of 16 micrograms/ml or above. MEPM, IPM and gentamicin (GM) showed high activities against Serratia marcescens. Generally, it seemed that resistant strains of S. marcescens had decreased since 1996.

Published
2000

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