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A feature of the modern world is the constantly increasing flow of innovation, which has caused a chain reaction of technological, institutional and social changes in all spheres of activity. Increasingly noted examples of this are the ‘green’ trend, the ecologisation of innovation processes and enterprises following modern trends in sustainable development. In this study, the authors developed an original methodology to risk-assess (probability of success) green innovations based on a decision tree. The authors’ solution facilitates making an optimal decision on the expediency of launching projects to implement green innovations in the oil and gas sector, such as carrying out entire innovation programs, launching a pilot projects or suspending current programs, based on the expected income. In this paper, the methodological approach is tested using conditional data. The results obtained form the foundation for developing a framework for innovation activities at oil and gas complex enterprises, providing a new (green) view on solving the problems of oil and gas innovations and taking a systemic approach to the analysis of green innovations in the oil and gas sector in the Russian Federation. The findings can be used in strategic planning by oil and gas enterprises, in particular, when deciding on the expediency of initiating green innovation programmes.

Environmental transformation is a broad and profound economic and social systemic change, which will certainly influence a number of the economic system fields. In particular, does China's continued low-carbon transition widen the urban–rural income gap while achieving energy conservation and emission reduction targets? This research investigates the effects of low-carbon city pilot (LCCP) programs on urban-rural income gaps and associated mechanisms using a panel of 282 prefecture-level cities from 2007 to 2021. The analysis finds that: (1) LCCP policies exacerbate the urban-rural income disparity in general. In pilot cities, policy implementation widens the urban-rural income difference by roughly 0.5% on average when compared to non-pilot cities. (2) LCCP policies have a direct U-shaped association with employment structure and have a favorable influence on employment structure. (3) The LCCP policies have an inverted U-shaped association with regional innovation capacity, and the LCCP policies have a positive influence on regional innovation capacity. (4) The effects of LCCP policies on urban-rural income disparities vary dramatically between cities based on geography, city size, and resource endowment. The Chinese government should break down market segmentation and encourage urban-rural integration in order to foster technical advancement and scientific and technology innovation, therefore closing the urban-rural income gap and attaining high-quality economic growth in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The priority role of tourism in generating economic benefits for countries and job creation has focused on supporting a number of strategic documents and frameworks in the scope of sustainable tourism development and in particular the green economy. One of the last major initiatives is the Glasgow Declaration, adopted in November 2021, committed to the Decade of Climate in Tourism. On the one hand, the covid crisis has had serious negative effects on the global tourism industry, and on the other, it has deepened our awareness of the inextricable link between human health and ecosystem protection, in particular biodiversity, nature pollution and climate change. In the process of overcoming the negative consequences, Bulgarian tourism should find new consumers, create new partnerships and transform itself in readiness for new joint initiatives. The paper focuses on all initiatives in support of good "green" practices in the sphere of tourism and Bulgaria's aspirations to join European measures aimed at achieving the goals of the circular economy. The purposeful state policy, in support of synergy effects and symbiosis between the related industries, is in the direction of development and utilization of the still unused potential of our country. The pursuit of such goals would strengthen cross-sectoral cooperation and would lead to overcoming the image of Bulgaria as a destination for mass tourism. The diffusion of eco-innovation in tourism and supporting industries is at the heart of achieving the economic and social well-being of society. The "green" idea directly corresponds to the ideas of sustainable development in tourism and the circular economy. In this line of thought, the report presents trends in the tourism business and new preferences for green and sustainable products; the promotion of sustainable tourism practices; shared efforts to implement the Glasgow Declaration commitments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]