Search

Background: Acute-phase proteins (APPs) are considered biomarkers for diagnoses, prognoses, and treatment and health status monitoring. Reference intervals (RIs) are an integral part of diagnostic laboratory testing and clinical decision-making. The RIs for neonatal lambs are lacking., Objective: This study aimed to determine the RIs of serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), ceruloplasmin (Cp), and fibrinogen (Fb) concentrations in neonatal cross-bred Kivircik lambs., Methods: The study consisted of 42 neonatal cross-bred Kivircik lambs. Physical examinations were performed daily, and blood samples were collected at 0 (precolostrum), 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of age. The RIs of SAA, Hp, Cp, and Fb concentrations were calculated according to the recommendation of the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology. Results were also evaluated for age- and sex-related effects., Results: The RI for serum Hp was 0-0.4 g/L, and no apparent effect of age or sex was noted. Because of significant age- and sex-related differences, the SAA (0.34-55.12 µg/mL), Cp (2.4-26.07 mg/mL), and Fb (218.86-527.82 mg/mL) results were given as minimum and maximum values. Serum SAA on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th days of life, and Cp and Fb concentrations on the 14th and 21st days of life, were significantly higher than those on other study days., Conclusions: This study is the first to establish RIs for neonatal lambs, and the values obtained could be useful for making clinical decisions regarding cross-bred Kivircik lambs during this critical period., (© 2020 American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology.)

This study aimed to evaluate the acute phase response (APR) through haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations in serum and to examine the correlation between these acute phase proteins (APPs) and oocyst shedding using experimental Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) infection model in neonatal lambs. Twenty lambs were divided into two equal groups: group CON remained uninfected as negative control and lambs of the group EXP were inoculated orally with 1×10 6 C. parvum oocysts. Blood and faecal samples were obtained from both groups before colostrum intake and prior to inoculation (day-1), and at 2, 6, 13, and 20days post-inoculation (dpi). The serum concentrations of SAA increased following the experimental infection of lambs with C. parvum, the difference being statistically significant from pre-inoculation levels at 2 dpi, while significant increases in serum concentration of Hp were observed at 2 and 6 dpi. At the same occasions, serum concentrations of both APPs were significantly higher in the C. parvum-infected lambs compared to the healthy control lambs. A moderate positive correlation (rho=0.67; p< 0.001) was observed between serum Hp concentration and oocyst count (OPG),whereas the serum SAA concentration didn't significantly correlate with OPG (rho=0.18; p>0.05). In conclusion, the results of the study shed some light on APR due to C. parvum infection in neonatal lambs., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Serum concentrations of acute phase proteins can provide valuable diagnostic information in the detection, prognosis, or monitoring of disease. Information available on the acute phase response in naturally occurring canine babesiosis is limited., Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to retrospectively evaluate serum concentrations of haptoglobin, C-reactive protein, and ceruloplasmin in dogs naturally infected with Babesia canis., Methods: Haptoglobin, C-reactive protein, and ceruloplasmin concentrations were measured in serum samples from dogs with uncomplicated (n = 6) and complicated (n = 1) babesiosis and compared with 6 healthy dogs., Results: Serum C-reactive protein and ceruloplasmin concentrations were significantly higher in dogs with babesiosis; however, serum haptoglobin concentration was significantly lower compared with control dogs (P <.01)., Conclusions: Results of this study suggest that acute phase protein concentrations could be beneficial in the diagnosis and determination of the severity of babesiosis in dogs.

In the present study, the developmental changes of plasma acute phase proteins concentrations in healthy Saanen goat kids during neonatal period were investigated. Blood samples were collected from eleven goat kids at 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of age. Serum Amyloid A concentrations were higher during first two weeks and significantly decreased at days 21 and 28. There were no statistically differences in the mean haptoglobin concentrations throughout the study. Ceruloplasmin concentrations were lower during first week of life and significantly increased at days 14 and 28. Fibrinogen concentrations were only significantly high at day 28 compared to day 1. Concentrations of Acid Soluble Glycoprotein were higher during first three days and significantly decreased at days 7, 14, 21 and 28. Alterations of these acute phase proteins could be related with birth process and stress and/or factors in colostrum. As a result, the time related changes in acute phase protein levels in Saanen goat kids suggested that these proteins might play an important role in defense and physiological adaptation mechanisms during neonatal period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The acute-phase response to infection is also characterized by an increase in protein turnover plus an increased loss of protein. Leukocyte proliferation and the synthesis of cytokines, immunoglobulins and positive acute phase proteins(APPs) contribute to protein turnover APPs levels, as markers of inflammation, usually rise significantly during the course of acute and chronic infections in the bovine. There has been a great interest shown on the usage of APPs as a marker of animal health or, alternatively, as an indicator of disease severity in veterinary medicine . Haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA) are important APPs in cattle , in different viral and bacterial infections The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of infection on acute-phase proteins in seldom persistent positive BVDV cattles, that were free of signs and symptoms of secondary infections. Materials, Methods & Results: Blood samples, from a total of 313 cows from three different farms, were collected in 10 mL polystyrene tubes coated with an anticoagulant (EDTA). Commercial BVDV antigen ELISA kits were used to determine the persistently infected animals. Sampling was carried out by two occasions within 40 days intervals. A total of 11 dairy cows were found BVDV Ag positive in both occasions, were evaluated as persistently infected. Eight non-infected dairy cows from same herds were served as control group. All animals were examined on the day of blood sampling. The levels of haptoglobin and SAA in serum were determined by use of the commertial kits . Statistical analyses were performed by Mann-Whitney U-test; P < 0.05 considered significant. None of the persistently infected animals showed clinical findings and a few of them were considered as poor doers, but they were unnoticed until they were identified as persistently infected animals. No clinical findings were observed in healthy control cows in routine clinical examination. Serum concentration of Hp in persistently infected cattle with BVDV was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the controls. Serum amyloid A concentrations were also significantly higher in persistently infected cattle with BVDV than the controls . Discussion: APPs have been proposed as valuable indicators of the manifestation and severity of pathological conditions in humans and animals. Levels of APPs are preferentially elevated during acute bacterial infections and less pronounced or even missed during viral infections There are no reports on the alterations of the acute-phase protein profile in the persistent BVDV infection. In the present study, a significant increase in the positive acute-phase proteins haptoglobin and SAA in the symptom-free persistent cattles were detected. These alterations of acute-phase proteins may be associated to the enhanced production of IL-6 and IL-8 which modulate the synthesis of positive acute-phase proteins. Clinical symptoms were not noticed in our study. Such animals could easily be underdiagnosed in a farm population. Clinical symptoms were associated with increase in APPs. Moreover, supra-normal APP values in persistently infected cattle with BVDV were observed without clinical symptoms. The role of inflammation as defined by Hp and SAA levels have not been fully explored in the context of persistently infected cattle with BVDV disease. The results of this study indicated that serum concentrations of haptoglobin and SAA were increased in persistently infected cattle. Moreover, it may be suggested that measurement of SAA and Hp may be of valuable in indicating suspected persistently infected animals with BVDV in screening herds for general health status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute phase protein (serum amyloid A, C-reactive protein, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin and fibrinogen) profiles in pregnant dogs as well as bitches at various stages of the estrus cycle and to verify possible relationship(s) among the APPs profile and hormonal status. A total of 60 bitches of various breeds were enrolled. The animals were divided into six groups. B-mode ultrasonographic scanner (concept M/C) was used for pregnancy diagnosis, involving the first and second halves of pregnancy. Proestrus, estrus, diestrus and anestrus stages of sexual cycles were differentiated by use of vaginal cytology and blood progesterone and estradiol 17-β levels. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin and fibrinogen levels were determined. No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups with regard to the serum SAA and CRP concentrations. Haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin and fibrinogen concentrations were elevated in pregnant dogs compared to non-pregnant groups’, independently from the pregnancy stage. No statistically significant differences in acute phase protein concentrations in dogs at various stages of estrus could be detected. Results of this study indicated that ceruloplasmin and fibrinogen levels may have potential importance in the diagnosis of pregnancy, and acute phase proteins may be used for monitoring the health status of the pregnant dogs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]