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Objective: Primary brain injuries, which are the result of severe head trauma and cannot be prevented, are always catastrophic and fatal. Yet, if diagnostic and therapeutic steps are taken promptly after a craniocerebral injury, further brain insults may be prevented and the victim's death can be avoided within 24 hours. Materials and Methods: Source of data, sample size, inclusion criteria, exclusion criteria, statistical methods. Results: One hundred individuals with confirmed cumputer tomography (CT) scan results of severe head trauma participated in this analysis. Seventy men and thirty women accounted for the total number of patients. The research included 70% men and 30% women. The M/F ratio is 2.3:1. Males between the ages of 21 and 30 (a total of 21 patients) had the highest rate of head injury in our analysis. Males had a lower incidence overall, with nine cases in the 0–10 age range, 11 cases in the 11–20 age range, five cases in the 41–50 age range, three cases in the 51–60 age range, and four cases in patients older than 61. Similarly, eight of the female patients were in the 21–30 age range. There were also four patients between the ages of 0 and 10, four between the ages of 11 and 20, two between the ages of 41 and 50, five between the ages of 51 and 60, and three among those older than 61. Summary and Conclusion: Men were more likely than women to sustain a head injury. The majority of the study population consisted of patients between the ages of 21 and 30 and 31 and 40. Injuries were found to most often occur in car crashes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The paranasal sinuses are complex anatomical structures of unknown significance. One hypothesis theorizes that the sinuses, in the event of a traumatic injury, function as a crumple zone to distribute and absorb energy to protect the brain and other critical structures. The current study investigates the association between frontal sinus (FS) volume and the severity of cerebral insults following craniofacial trauma. Methods All patients with FS fracture admitted to a level 1 trauma center from 2011 to 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. FS volumes were measured from computed tomography (CT) on admission using a proprietary region growing segmentation tool. Head injuries were classified based on the presence of specific types of intracranial pathology and their corresponding Marshall Score. Results FS fracture was identified on the admission CT in 165 patients. Male patients had significantly larger FS volume compared to females (8.4 ± 6.3 vs. 4.0 ± 2.9 cm 3 , p < 0.001). Smaller FS volume was significantly associated with a worse Marshall Score ( p = 0.041) and a higher incidence of cerebral contusion ( p = 0.016) independent of age, gender, mechanism, ISS, and admission GCS. The inverse correlation between FS volume and the Marshall Score was also statistically significant (Spearman correlation coefficient r = −0.19, p = 0.015). Smaller FS volume was observed in patients who suffered intracranial insults, underwent neurosurgical interventions, and had worse clinical outcomes and trended towards significance with respect to an association with subarachnoid hemorrhage ( p = 0.074) and subdural hematoma ( p = 0.080), and had a statistically significant association with longer length of stay ( p < 0.001). Conclusion FS volume is inversely correlated with the severity of intracranial pathology following craniofacial trauma. Our findings are consistent with the “crumple zone” hypothesis and suggest that the FS likely plays a role in mitigating intracranial injury. Furthermore, FS volume is significantly different between male and female patients. This is a novel finding that warrants further validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Repetitive fall producing head injury in children may lead to development of intracranial hematoma. The course of evolution may be rapid in case of repeated fall due to induction of sub-clinical coagulopathy caused by repetitive cranial injury. The awareness of such possibility is highly desired among the pediatrician and neurosurgeon and emergency team and quick diagnosis and pertinent imaging study is of immense value and appropriate surgical management for prompt and expediting the evacuation of intracranial hematoma evacuation should be attempted to preserve good neurological outcome. Authors reports a case, who had rapid neurological worsening, managed surgically with good neurological outcome, further various surgical management options along with pertinent literature are briefly reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]