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Workplace bullying is a critical issue for its negative consequences on victims’ health and well-being. This study aimed at examining the intermediate roles of anxiety and depression, in the relations between workplace bullying as a predictor, and physical and psychological negative symptoms as outcomes. In particular, it was hypothesized that workplace bullying would be associated with higher anxiety and depression and, through them, with higher physical and psychological negative symptoms. We sampled 151 Italian employees, who called on a workplace bullying public clinical center as victims and filled a paper-and-pencil questionnaire. Results of bootstrapped regressions showed that only anxiety mediated the association of workplace bullying with negative physical symptoms while both anxiety and depression mediated its association with negative psychological symptoms. The results have implications for the development of appropriate intervention strategies for both prevention and clinical treatment. In particular, timely diagnosing and treating anxiety and depression could prevent subsequent problems related to psychological and physical symptoms such as colitis, headache, tiredness, nervousness, etc. Organizational interventions in terms of primary prevention are also discussed. From an empirical standpoint, the study contributed to disentangling the differential roles of anxiety and depression with respect to physical and psychological symptoms; moreover, overcoming a common limit of workplace bullying research, the current study was carried out on actual victims.

Introduction: Carers of persons with dementia (PWD) experience high levels of burden and distress and may use criticism in an attempt to change the behavior of PWD and thereby reduce their distress. We hypothesized that carer distress and criticism would each have an impact on the psychological well-being of the PWD and examined whether criticism mediates the association between carer distress and PWD psychological well-being. Methods: We recruited 61 persons with a recent diagnosis of dementia and their carer via U.K. dementia services and assessed at 2 time points 6 months apart. Carers completed questionnaire measures of burden and distress. We coded critical comments from a Camberwell Family Interview. PWD completed questionnaire measures of quality of life, depression, and anxiety. We conducted correlation, regression, and mediation analyses to explore the relationship between carer variables and PWD psychological outcomes and whether criticism mediated any relationship found. Results: Carer distress, carer critical comments, and PWD anxiety and depression at 6-month follow-up were all significantly correlated. Baseline carer distress predicted poorer quality of life in PWD at 6-month follow-up. The number of carer critical comments significantly (p < .01) mediated the effect of carer distress on PWD quality of life. Discussion: Interventions addressing carer burden and distress and offering coping strategies to help them to reduce criticism of the PWD would improve the quality of life of those affected by dementia. Keywords: dementia, anxiety, depression, quality of life, critical comments, The symptoms of dementia, which include cognitive, behavioral, and emotional difficulties, are distressing to persons with dementia (PWD) and their carers (Safavi, Berry, & Wearden, 2017). Whereas relatives report positive [...]

Background: Working-memory impairment is a core cognitive dysfunction in people with schizophrenia and people at mental high risk. Recent imaging studies on working memory have suggested that abnormalities in prefrontal activation and in connectivity between the frontal and parietal regions could be neural underpinnings of the different stages of psychosis. However, it remains to be explored whether comparable alterations are present in people with subclinical levels of psychosis, as experienced by a small proportion of the general population who neither seek help nor show constraints in daily functioning. Methods: We compared 24 people with subclinical high delusional ideation and 24 people with low delusional ideation. Both groups performed an n-back working-memory task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. We characterized frontoparietal effective connectivity using dynamic causal modelling. Results: Compared to people who had low delusional ideation, people with high delusional ideation showed a significant increase in dorsolateral prefrontal activation during the working-memory task, as well as reduced working-memory-dependent parietofrontal effective connectivity in the left hemisphere. Group differences were not evident at the behavioural level. Limitations: The current experimental design did not distinguish among the working-memory subprocesses; it remains unexplored whether differences in connectivity exist at that level. Conclusion: These findings suggest that alterations in the working-memory network are also present in a nonclinical population with psychotic experiences who do not display cognitive deficits. They also suggest that alterations in working-memory-dependent connectivity show a putative continuity along the spectrum of psychotic symptoms., Introduction Working memory is associated with neural activation of the parietal and dorsolateral prefrontal regions. (1) The tight functional coupling of these spatially separate regions in the frontoparietal network is [...]

Background: Childhood maltreatment is a transdiagnostic risk factor for later psychopathology and has been associated with altered brain circuitry involved in the processing of threat and safety. Examining threat generalization mechanisms in young adults with childhood maltreatment and psychiatric symptoms may elucidate a pathway linking early-life adversities to the presence of subclinical psychopathology Methods: We recruited youth aged 16-25 years with subclinical psychiatric symptomatology and healthy controls. They were dichotomized into 2 groups: 1 with a high level of childhood maltreatment (n = 58) and 1 with no or a low level of childhood maltreatment (n = 55). Participants underwent a functional MRI threat generalization paradigm, measuring self-reported fear, expectancy of an unconditioned stimulus (US) and neural responses. Results: We observed interactions between childhood maltreatment and threat generalization indices on subclinical symptom load. In individuals reporting high levels of childhood maltreatment, enhanced generalization in self-reported fear and US expectancy was related to higher levels of psychopathology. Imaging results revealed that in the group with high levels of childhood maltreatment, lower activation in the left hippocampus during threat generalization was associated with a higher symptom load. Associations between threat generalization and psychopathology were nonsignificant overall in the group with no or low levels of childhood maltreatment. Limitations: The data were acquired in a cross-sectional manner, precluding definitive insight into the causality of childhood maltreatment, threat generalization and psychopathology. Conclusion: Our results suggest that threat generalization mechanisms may moderate the link between childhood maltreatment and subclinical psychopathology during emerging adulthood. Threat generalization could represent a vulnerability factor for developing later psychopathology in individuals being exposed to childhood maltreatment., Introduction Children who experience maltreatment are at increased risk for developing psychopathology, including depression, anxiety and psychosis, later in life. (1,2) These symptoms often emerge during adolescence and early adulthood [...]

The aim of this study was to compare perceived health outcomes in adult amateur endurance cyclists who practiced a high volume of training y inactive individuals. In 859 (751 men, 108 women) adult cyclists y 718 inactive subjects (307 men, 411 women), we examined current training status y perceived health outcomes including quality of life, quality of sleep, anxiety y depression y cardiometabolic risk: body mass index, physical activity, physical fitness, adherence to Mediterranean diet, y alcohol y tobacco consumption. Male y female cyclists reported significantly better perceived health outcomes than inactive control men y women, respectively, in all variables, except depression for both genders. The practice of high volume of amateur endurance cycling is a form of leisure-time physical activity recommended for healthy adults because it can produce a wide range of perceived health benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) frequently co-occur. In the general population, approximately one-third of individuals with lifetime PTSD also meet criteria for lifetime AUD. (1) [...]

Workplace bullying is a critical issue for its negative consequences on victims' health and well-being. This study aimed at examining the intermediate roles of anxiety and depression, in the relations between workplace bullying as a predictor, and physical and psychological negative symptoms as outcomes. In particular, it was hypothesized that workplace bullying would be associated with higher anxiety and depression and, through them, with higher physical and psychological negative symptoms. We sampled 151 Italian employees, who called on a workplace bullying public clinical center as victims and filled a paper-and-pencil questionnaire. Results of bootstrapped regressions showed that only anxiety mediated the association of workplace bullying with negative physical symptoms while both anxiety and depression mediated its association with negative psychological symptoms. The results have implications for the development of appropriate intervention strategies for both prevention and clinical treatment. In particular, timely diagnosing and treating anxiety and depression could prevent subsequent problems related to psychological and physical symptoms such as colitis, headache, tiredness, nervousness, etc. Organizational interventions in terms of primary prevention are also discussed. From an empirical standpoint, the study contributed to disentangling the differential roles of anxiety and depression with respect to physical and psychological symptoms; moreover, overcoming a common limit of workplace bullying research, the current study was carried out on actual victims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: Arpit. Koolwal, Supriya. Agrawal, Ghanshyam. Koolwal, Kaveri. Saxena, Ankit. Daral Anti-NMDAR encephalitis is an autoimmune encephalitis with a typical clinical progression. Patients can often present to psychiatric outpatient departments [...]

Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are not diagnosable if the patient has epilepsy that produces hallucinations or delusions. During my career in psychiatry, I have seen several dozen patients whose hallucinations [...]

Adjustment disorders (ADs) are one of the most frequently diagnosed psychiatric disorders and are a common diagnosis in the military, in children and youth, and in the consultation-liaison psychiatric setting. [...]

Byline: Vinutha. Ramesh, Ashish. Sharma, Veenita. Sharma, Aditya. Somani Parkinson's disease (PD) is known to have associated nonmotor manifestations including psychiatric symptoms such as depression and psychosis. Catatonia has been [...]

Machine learning makes new sense of psychiatric symptoms, Author(s): Brianna Abbott [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) Nature Medicine, In June 2006, Leanne Williams embarked upon a decade-long study by asking people with panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder and clinical [...]