Search

Fish contains a variety of essential nutrients, which may contribute to multiple health benefits in humans. Conversely, it also may contain contaminants, resulting in confusion over the health impact of fish consumption. To assess the strength and validity of associations between fish intake and multiple health outcomes. We performed an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses in humans. Key findings and conclusions: Of the 55 unique outcomes in the identified 89 systematic reviews and meta-analyses, fish consumption did more benefit than harm for a variety of health outcomes with largest risk reduction at 2 to 4 servings per week. Dose-response analyses revealed that every 20 g/d (approximately one serving/week) increment could decrease 2%–7% risk of coronary heart disease mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality, all-cause mortality, stroke, myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, gastrointestinal cancer, metabolic syndrome, dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Beneficial associations were also found for cancers, atopic, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal and ophthalmologic outcomes. Caution is warranted for potential allergy or contamination when advising during pregnancy and young children. Fish intake appears generally safe in this umbrella review with largest risk reduction for a range of health outcomes at two to four servings per week, and seems more beneficial than harmful. High-quality prospective studies are needed. Image 1 • Umbrella review of 55 outcomes in 89 systematic reviews and meta-analyses. • Fish intake reduces all-cause mortality, CVD, cancer and other outcomes. • Fish intake looks generally safe with largest risk reduction at 2–4 servings/week. • Every 20 g/d increment could decrease 2%–7% risk of various health outcomes. • Caution is warranted for potential allergy or contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Umbrella review of 29 outcomes in 24 systematic reviews and meta-analyses. • GLVs intake reduces all-cause mortality, CVD, cancer and other outcomes. • Per 100 g/d increment decrease 25% risk of mortality, CHD and stroke. • Dietary lutein intake reduces age-related eye diseases (AMD and cataract). • Caution was warranted for potentially pathogenic contamination (Escherichia coli). Green leafy vegetables (GLVs) are a key element of healthy eating patterns and are an important source of lutein. To clarify the evidence for associations between GLVs and lutein intake and multiple health outcomes, we performed a review. A total of 24 meta-analyses with 29 health outcomes were identified by eligibility criteria. Dose-response analyses revealed that, per 100 g/d GLV intake was associated with a decreased risk (ca. 25%) of all-cause mortality, coronary heart disease and stroke. Beneficial effects of GLV intake were found for cardiovascular disease and bladder and oral cancer. Dietary lutein intake was inversely associated with age-related macular degeneration, age-related cataracts, coronary heart disease, stroke, oesophageal cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, metabolic syndrome, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Caution was warranted for contamination with potentially pathogenic organisms, specifically Escherichia coli. GLV consumption and lutein intake therein are generally safe and beneficial for multiple health outcomes in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Umbrella review of 20 outcomes in 17 systematic reviews and meta-analyses. • Tomato intake benefited mortality, prostate cancer, and gastric cancer. • Lycopene benefited mortality, prostate cancer, CVD, and metabolic syndrome. • Caution was warranted for potential allergy and pollution. • But the quality of the evidence was not high. Lycopene is a potent lipophilic antioxidant in tomato. We aim to clarify the evidence for associations between tomato and lycopene and multiple health outcomes. Umbrella review of meta-analyses and systematic reviews was performed in humans. A total of 174 articles were searched, 17 articles with 20 health outcomes were identified by eligibility criteria. Tomato intake was inversely associated with all-cause mortality, coronary heart disease mortality, cerebrovascular disease mortality, prostate cancer, and gastric cancer. Dietary lycopene intake or serum lycopene was inversely associated with all-cause mortality, prostate cancer, stroke, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and male infertility. Caution was warranted for potential allergy and pollution. The quality of the vast majority of evidence by GRADE was low or very low with the remaining six as moderate. The intake of tomato or lycopene was generally safe and beneficial for multiple health outcomes in humans. But the quality of the evidence was not high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]