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The National Research Mentoring Network (NRMN) Strategic Empowerment Tailored for Health Equity Investigators (SETH) study evaluates the value of adding Developmental Network to Coaching in the career advancement of diverse Early-Stage Investigators (ESIs). Focused NIH-formatted Mock Reviewing Sessions (MRS) prior to the submission of grants can significantly enhance the scientific merits of an ESI’s grant application. We evaluated the most prevalent design, analysis-related factors, and the likelihood of grant submissions and awards associated with going through MRS, using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and logistic regression methods. A total of 62 out of 234 applications went through the MRS. There were 69.4% that pursued R grants, 22.6% career development (K) awards, and 8.0% other grant mechanisms. Comparing applications that underwent MRS versus those that did not (N = 172), 67.7% vs. 38.4% were submitted for funding (i.e., unadjusted difference of 29.3%; OR = 4.8, 95% CI = (2.4, 9.8), p-value < 0.0001). This indicates that, relative to those who did not undergo MRS, ESIs who did, were 4.8 times as likely to submit an application for funding. Also, ESIs in earlier cohorts (1–2) (a period that coincided with the pre COVID-19 era) as compared to those who were recruited at later cohorts (3–4) (i.e., during the peak of COVID-19 period) were 3.8 times as likely to submit grants (p-value < 0.0001). The most prevalent issues that were identified included insufficient statistical design considerations and plans (75%), conceptual framework (28.3%), specific aims (11.7%), evidence of significance (3.3%), and innovation (3.3%). MRS potentially enhances grant submissions for extramural funding and offers constructive feedback allowing for modifications that enhance the scientific merits of research grants.

Background:Early trauma (general, emotional, physical, and sexual abuse before age 18 years) has been associated with both cardiovascular disease risk and lifestyle-related risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including smoking, obesity, and physical inactivity. Despite higher prevalence, the association between early trauma and cardiovascular health (CVH) has been understudied in Black Americans, especially those from low-income backgrounds, who may be doubly vulnerable. Therefore, we investigated the association between early trauma and CVH, particularly among low-income Black Americans.Methods:We recruited 457 Black adults (age 53±10, 38% male) without known cardiovascular disease from the Atlanta, GA, metropolitan area using personalized, community-based recruitment methods. The Early Trauma Inventory was administered to assess overall early traumatic life experiences which include physical, sexual, emotional abuse, and general trauma. Our primary outcome was the American Heart Association Life’s Simple 7, which is a set of 7 CVH metrics, including 4 lifestyle-related factors (smoking, body mass index, physical activity, and diet) and three physiologically measured health factors (blood pressure, total blood cholesterol, and blood glucose). We used linear regression models adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and depression to test the association between early trauma and CVH and tested the early trauma by household income (Results:Higher levels of early trauma were associated with lower Life’s Simple 7 scores (β, −0.05 [95% CI, −0.09 to −0.01],P=0.02, per 1 unit increase in the Early Trauma Inventory score) among lower, but not higher, income Black participants (Pvalue for interaction=0.04). Subtypes of early trauma linked to Life’s Simple 7 were general trauma, emotional abuse, and sexual abuse. Exploratory analyses demonstrated that early trauma was only associated with the body mass index and smoking components of Life’s Simple 7.Conclusions:Early trauma, including general trauma, emotional abuse, and sexual abuse, may be associated with worse CVH among low-, but not higher-income Black adults.

Objective: We describe the implementa­tion, clinical outcomes and participant perspectives for e-Healthystrides©. Setting: Three independent ambulatory clinics and an historic African American (AA) church. Participants: Adults with diagnosed diabe­tes mellitus type 2. Interventions: e-Healthystrides© health coach facilitated intervention Primary outcome: Acquisition of three new self-management behaviors. Secondary outcomes: Blood pressure, blood glucose, A1c, attrition rate and par­ticipant perspectives of e-Healthystrides© Methods: A convergent parallel mixed method design was used in both pilot stud­ies. Results: Two hundred and sixty-four par­ticipants, aged ~62±16 years, enrolled. At­trition at 52 weeks varied 50%-90% by site. Low engagement users were defined mainly by anxiety with putting health information online. The primary outcome was achieved in 36% of our participants, with the top 3 self-management behaviors acquired be­ing: reducing risk (24.5%); healthy eating (23.7%); and monitoring (16.4%). Problem solving had the lowest rate of achievement (.91%). Blood pressure improved signifi­cantly at all sites at 12 weeks and at clinics A,B,C at 52 weeks. Blood glucose im­proved at 12 weeks: clinic A (P=.0001), B (P=.003), C (P=.001) and D (P=.03); but, at 52 weeks, only clinics A (P=

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one killer of adults in the U.S., with marked ethnic/racial disparities in prevalence, risk factors, associated health behaviors, and death rates. In this study, we recruited and randomized Blacks with poor cardiovascular health in the Atlanta Metro area to receive an intervention comparing two approaches to engagement with a behavioral intervention technology for CVD. Generalized Linear Mixed Models results from a 6-month intervention indicate that 53% of all participants experienced a statistical improvement in Life’s Simple 7 (LS7), 54% in BMI, 61% in blood glucose, and 53% in systolic blood pressure. Females demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in BMI and diastolic blood pressure and a reduction in self-reported physical activity. We found no significant differences in changes in LS7 or their constituent parts but found strong evidence that health coaches can help improve overall LS7 in participants living in at-risk neighborhoods. In terms of clinical significance, our result indicates that improvements in LS7 correspond to a 7% lifetime reduction of incident CVD. Our findings suggest that technology-enabled self-management can be effective for managing selected CVD risk factors among Blacks.

Background: Despite well-documented cardiovascular disparities between racial groups, within-race determinants of cardiovascular health among Black adults remain understudied. Factors promoting cardiovascular resilience among Black adults in particular warrant further investigation. Our objective was to examine whether individual psychosocial resilience and neighborhood-level cardiovascular resilience were associated with better cardiovascular health in Black adults, measured utilizing Life’s Simple 7 (LS7) scores. Methods: We assessed LS7 scores in 389 Black adults (mean age, 53±10 years; 39% men) living in Atlanta, Georgia. A composite score of individual psychosocial resilience was created by assessing environmental mastery, purpose in life, optimism, resilient coping, and depressive symptoms. Neighborhood-level cardiovascular resilience was separately determined by the census tract-level rates of cardiovascular mortality/morbidity events. Generalized linear mixed regression models were used to examine the association between individual psychosocial resilience, neighborhood cardiovascular resilience, and LS7 scores. Results: Higher individual psychosocial resilience was significantly associated with higher LS7 (β=0.38 [0.16–0.59] per 1 SD) after adjustment for sociodemographic factors. Similarly, higher neighborhood-level cardiovascular resilience was significantly associated with higher LS7 (β=0.23 [0.02–0.45] per 1 SD). When jointly examined, high individual psychosocial resilience (>median) was independently associated with higher LS7 (β=0.73 [0.31–1.17]), whereas living in high-resilience neighborhoods (>median) was not. The largest difference in LS7 score was between those with high and low psychosocial resilience living in low-resilience neighborhoods (8.38 [7.90–8.86] versus 7.42 [7.04–7.79]). Conclusions: Individual psychosocial resilience in Black adults is associated with better cardiovascular health.

Background Cardiovascular disease incidence, prevalence, morbidity, and mortality have declined in the past several decades; however, disparities persist among subsets of the population. Notably, blacks have not experienced the same improvements on the whole as whites. Furthermore, frequent reports of relatively poorer health statistics among the black population have led to a broad assumption that black race reliably predicts relatively poorer health outcomes. However, substantial intraethnic and intraracial heterogeneity exists; moreover, individuals with similar risk factors and environmental exposures are often known to experience vastly different cardiovascular health outcomes. Thus, some individuals have good outcomes even in the presence of cardiovascular risk factors, a concept known as resilience. Methods and Results The MECA (Morehouse‐Emory Center for Health Equity) Study was designed to investigate the multilevel exposures that contribute to “resilience” in the face of risk for poor cardiovascular health among blacks in the greater Atlanta, GA, metropolitan area. We used census tract data to determine “at‐risk” and “resilient” neighborhoods with high or low prevalence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, based on cardiovascular death, hospitalization, and emergency department visits for blacks. More than 1400 individuals from these census tracts assented to demographic, health, and psychosocial questionnaires administered through telephone surveys. Afterwards, ≈500 individuals were recruited to enroll in a clinical study, where risk biomarkers, such as oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers, endothelial progenitor cells, metabolomic and micro RNA profiles, and subclinical vascular dysfunction were measured. In addition, comprehensive behavioral questionnaires were collected and ideal cardiovascular health metrics were assessed using the American Heart Association's Life Simple 7 measure. Last, 150 individuals with low Life Simple 7 were recruited and randomized to a behavioral mobile health (eHealth) plus health coach or eHealth only intervention and followed up for improvement. Conclusions The MECA Study is investigating socioenvironmental and individual behavioral measures that promote resilience to cardiovascular disease in blacks by assessing biological, functional, and molecular mechanisms. REGISTRATION URL : https://www.clini​caltr​ials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT 03308812.

Introduction: Sleep is hypothesized to be a contributing factor towards disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD). It has been demonstrated that Black Americans have worse sleep quality compared to other ethnic groups, but within group differences have not been studied. Whether overall sleep quality and patterns affect cardiovascular health (CVH) among Blacks has yet to be elucidated. Hypothesis: Black individuals reporting worse sleep quality and patterns will have poor CVH as measured by the American Heart Association’s Life’s Simple 7 (LS7) scores. Methods: We recruited 499 Black adults (age 53 ± 10, 38% male) without known CVD from the Atlanta, GA metropolitan area. Sleep quality and patterns were assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) which includes sleep quality, nighttime disturbance, efficiency (amount of time slept while in bed), daytime dysfunction, duration, need of medications and latency (time required to fall asleep). CVH was determined by LS7 scores calculated from measured blood pressure, glucose, cholesterol, body mass index (BMI), and self-reported exercise, diet, and smoking, and categorized into poor (0-8), intermediate (9-10), and ideal (11-14). Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between sleep and the odds of intermediate (vs. poor) and ideal (vs. poor) CVH categories after adjusting for age, gender, household income, education, marital status, and employment status. Results: A total of 55 (11%), 107 (21%), and 337 (67%) participants had ideal, intermediate, and poor LS7 scores, respectively. Those reporting PSQI-assessed poor sleep quality (OR 0.50, 95% CI [0.33 - 0.78]), longer latency (OR 0.50, 95% CI [0.36 - 0.70]), disturbance (OR 0.45, 95% CI [0.26 - 0.77]) and daytime dysfunction (OR 0.52, 95% CI [0.31 - 0.89]) had significantly lower adjusted odds of having ideal CVH. Daytime dysfunction was significantly associated with lower adjusted odds of having ideal blood pressure (OR 0.57, 95% CI [0.38 - 0.87]), glucose (OR 0.71, 95% CI [0.51 - 0.98]), and physical activity (OR 0.58, 95% CI [0.36 - 0.93]). Similarly, longer latency was significantly associated with lower adjusted odds of having ideal BMI (OR 0.72, 95% CI [0.54 - 0.95]), blood pressure (OR 0.71, 95% CI [0.55 - 0.92]), and cholesterol (OR 0.73, 95% CI [0.55 - 0.98]). PSQI-assessed shorter sleep duration was not associated with poor overall CVH, but was associated with significantly lower adjusted odds of having ideal blood pressure (OR 0.77, 95% CI [0.61 - 0.99]). Conclusion: Among Black Americans, poor sleep in terms of quality, nighttime disturbance, daytime dysfunction and longer latency, was associated with worse overall CVH or its components. Whether addressing sleep quality in Blacks will improve CVH and outcomes needs to be studied.

Introduction: Early trauma (e.g. general, emotional, physical, and sexual abuse before age 18) has been associated with both cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and lifestyle-related risk factors for CVD including smoking, obesity, and physical inactivity. However, previous studies have primarily focused on White participants, despite the fact that early trauma is more common in Blacks. In particular, the role played by low socioeconomic status (SES) in this population has been relatively understudied. Hypothesis: Black individuals reporting early trauma will have worse cardiovascular health (CVH) as measured by the American Heart Association’s Life’s Simple 7 (LS7) scores and these associations will vary by SES. Methods: We recruited 499 Black adults (age 53 ± 10, 38% male) without CVD from the Atlanta, GA metropolitan area. The Early Trauma Inventory (ETI) was administered to assess physical, sexual, emotional abuse and general trauma. CVH was determined by LS7 scores calculated from measured blood pressure, blood glucose, cholesterol, body mass index (BMI), and self-reported exercise, diet, and smoking and was categorized as poor (0-8), intermediate (9-10), and ideal (11-14). Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between early trauma and the odds of intermediate (vs. poor) and ideal (vs. poor) CVH categories after adjusting for age, gender, household income, education, marital status, employment status, and depression. After testing for interaction between ETI and SES, stratified analysis was conducted separately on individuals with low and high SES (defined as household income less or greater than $50,000 per year, respectively). Results: A total of 55 (11%), 107 (21%), and 337 (67%) participants had ideal, intermediate, and poor LS7 scores, respectively. In the full cohort, higher levels of early trauma were associated with lower adjusted odds of ideal LS7 scores (OR 0.94, 95% CI [0.88 - 1.00] per 1 SD increase in the ETI score). In SES-stratified analyses, higher levels of early trauma (OR 0.91, 95% CI [0.84 - 0.98]), in particular emotional (OR 0.74, 95% CI [0.59 - 0.94]) and sexual abuse (OR 0.69, 95% CI [0.49 - 0.96]), were significantly associated with lower adjusted odds of ideal LS7 scores among lower, but not higher, SES Black participants (p value for interaction =0.03). Among the CVH components, emotional and sexual abuse were both associated with significantly lower adjusted odds of ideal BMI (OR 0.81, 95% CI [0.68-0.97] and OR 0.72, 95% CI [0.56-0.93], respectively) in low SES participants. Conclusion: Early trauma, particularly emotional and sexual abuse, was associated with worse CVH among Black individuals with lower SES. Further research is needed to investigate the mechanisms through which economic disadvantage potentiates the adverse influence of early trauma on CVH in Black individuals.

Background Neighborhood environment is increasingly recognized as an important determinant of CVH among Black adults. Most research to date has focused on negative aspects of the neighborhood environment, with little attention being paid to the specific positive features, in particular the social environment, that promote cardiovascular resilience among Black adults. Objective We examined whether better neighborhood physical and social characteristics are associated with ideal CVH among Black adults, as measured by Life's Simple 7 (LS7) scores. Methods We recruited 392 Black adults (age 53 ± 10, 39% male) without known CV disease living in Atlanta, GA. Seven neighborhood domains were assessed via questionnaire: aesthetic quality, walking environment, safety, food access, social cohesion, activity with neighbors, and violence. CVH was determined by LS7 scores calculated from measured blood pressure, glucose, cholesterol, body mass index (BMI), and self-reported exercise, diet, and smoking, and categorized into poor (0-8), intermediate (9-10), and ideal (11-14). Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the association between neighborhood characteristics and the odds of intermediate/ideal CVH categories compared to poor CVH after adjustment for age, gender, household income, education, marital status, and employment status. Results Better scores in the neighborhood domains of social cohesion and activity with neighbors were significantly associated with higher adjusted odds of ideal LS7 scores (OR 2.02, 95% CI [1.36 - 3.01] and 1.71 [1.20 - 2.45] per 1 standard deviation [SD] increase in respective scores). These associations were stronger for both social cohesion (OR 2.61, 95% CI [1.48 - 4.61] versus 1.40 [0.82 - 2.40]) and activity with neighbors (OR 1.82, 95% CI [1.15 - 2.86] versus 1.53 [0.84 - 2.78]) in Black women compared to men. Specifically, better scores in social cohesion were associated with higher odds of ideal CVH in exercise (OR 1.73 [1.16 - 2.59]), diet (OR 1.90 [1.11 - 3.26]), and BMI (OR 1.52 [1.09 - 2.09]); better scores in activity with neighbors were also similarly associated with higher odds of ideal CVH in exercise (OR 1.48 [1.00 - 2.19]), diet (OR 2.15 [1.23 - 3.77]), and BMI (OR 1.45 [1.07 - 1.98]; per 1 SD in respective scores). Conclusion More desirable neighborhood characteristics, particularly social cohesion and activity with neighbors, were associated with better CVH among Black adults.

African Americans, other minorities and underserved populations are consistently under- represented in clinical trials. Such underrepresentation results in a gap in the evidence base, and health disparities. The ABC Cardiovascular Implementation Study (CVIS) is a comprehensive prospective cohort registry that integrates social determinants of health. ABC CVIS uses real world clinical practice data to address critical gaps in care by facilitating robust participation of African Americans and other minorities in clinical trials. ABC CVIS will include diverse patients from collaborating ABC member private practices, as well as patients from academic health centers and Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs). This paper describes the rationale and design of the ABC CVIS Registry. The registry will: (1) prospectively collect socio-demographic, clinical and biospecimen data from enrolled adults, adolescents and children with prioritized cardiovascular diseases, (2) Evaluate the safety and clinical outcomes of new therapeutic agents, including post marketing surveillance and pharmacovigilance, (3) Support National Institutes of Health (NIH) and industry sponsored research, (4) Support Quality Measures standards from the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) and Commercial Health Plans. The registry will utilize novel data and technology tools to facilitate mobile health technology application programming interface (API) to health system or practice electronic health records (EHR). Long term, CVIS will become the most comprehensive patient registry for underserved diverse patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and co morbid conditions, providing real world data to address health disparities. At least 10,000 patients will be enrolled from 50 sites across the United States.

Introduction: Intra-racial heterogeneity in cardiovascular health (CVH) among Blacks is understudied, and more research is needed to identify factors promoting CVH among Blacks. Neighborhood environment is increasingly recognized as an important determinant of CV risk and health, Yet whether specific features of neighborhood physical and social environments may promote CV resilience among Blacks has been underexplored. Hypothesis: Better neighborhood characteristics are associated with ideal CVH among Black adults, measured as Life’s Simple 7 (LS7) scores. Methods: We recruited 392 Black adults (age 53 ± 10, 39% male) without known CV disease in Atlanta, GA, who resided in 199 residential neighborhood (defined as census tracts). Seven neighborhood domains were assessed via questionnaire: aesthetic quality, walking environment, safety, food access, social cohesion, activity with neighbors, and violence. CVH was determined by LS7 scores calculated from measured blood pressure, glucose, cholesterol, body mass index (BMI), and self-reported exercise, diet, and smoking, and categorized into poor (0-8), intermediate (9-10), and ideal (11-14). Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the association between neighborhood characteristics and the odds of intermediate/ideal CVH categories compared to poor CVH after adjustment for age, gender, household income, education, marital status, and employment status. Results: A total of 53 (14%), 110 (28%), and 229 (58%) participants had ideal, intermediate, and poor LS7 scores, respectively. Better scores in the neighborhood domains of social cohesion and activity with neighbors were significantly associated with higher adjusted odds of ideal LS7 scores (OR 1.95, 95% CI [1.32 - 2.90] and 1.65 [1.16 - 2.35] per 1 standard deviation [SD] increase in respective scores). Specifically, better scores in social cohesion were associated with higher odds of ideal CVH in exercise (OR 1.73 [1.16 - 2.59]), diet (OR 1.99 [1.14 - 3.48]), and BMI (OR 1.51 [1.09 - 2.09]); better scores in activity with neighbors were also similarly associated with higher odds of ideal CVH in exercise (OR 1.47 [0.99 - 2.19]), diet (OR 2.37 [1.32 - 4.26]), and BMI (OR 1.44 [1.05 - 1.96]; per 1 SD in respective scores). Aesthetic quality, walking environment, safety, food access, and violence were not significantly associated with overall CVH categories in the adjusted models. Conclusion: More desirable neighborhood characteristics, particularly social cohesion and activity with neighbors, were associated with better CVH among Black adults. Further research is needed to investigate whether interventions to improve neighborhood qualities lead to better CVH in Blacks.

Introduction: Arterial stiffness is associated with cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and adverse cardiovascular events. While inter-racial differences in arterial stiffness have been reported, factors contributing to intra-racial differences within Blacks are less known. We examined whether neighborhood characteristics and personal resilience factors were associated with arterial stiffness among Blacks. Hypothesis: More desirable neighborhood characteristics and greater personal resilience are associated with reduced arterial stiffness. Methods: We examined 385 Black adults (age 53 ± 10, 40% male) without known CV disease living in Atlanta, GA. Arterial stiffness was measured as augmentation index (AIX) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) using applanation tonometry (Sphygmocor Inc). Perceived residential neighborhood characteristics in 7 domains: aesthetic quality, walking environment, safety, food access, social cohesion, activity with neighbors, and violence were determined. Personal resilience was also assessed using standard questionnaires on experience of discrimination, environmental mastery, purpose in life, optimism, resilient coping, and depressive symptoms. Multiple linear regression models were used to examine the differences of arterial stiffness between the highest and the lowest tertiles of neighborhood characteristics and personal resilience factors after adjustment for age, gender, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, household income, education, marital status, and employment status. Results: Higher composite scores of neighborhood characteristics were associated with lower AIX (β=-3.42, 95% CI [-6.42 to -0.41], P=0.026; highest vs lowest tertiles). Specifically, higher scores of safety (β=-4.26, 95% CI [-7.34 to -1.17], P=0.007) and social cohesion (β=-4.62 [-7.64 to -1.61], P=0.003) were associated with lower AIX (highest vs lowest tertiles for both). For factors of personal resilience, higher scores in purpose in life (β=-4.89 [-7.88 to -1.90], P=0.001) and resilient coping (β=-3.26 [-6.36 to -0.15], P=0.040) were significantly associated with lower AIX (highest vs lowest tertiles for both). There were no significant associations between PWV and scores of neighborhood characteristics or personal resilience factors. Conclusion: In a study examining the impact of neighborhood and markers of resilience on arterial stiffness in an exclusively Black cohort, we found that better neighborhood characteristics and personal resilience factors were associated with lower pulse wave reflections (AIX).

Introduction Social cohesion is a positive neighborhood characteristic defined by feelings of connectedness and solidarity within a community. Studies have found significant associations between social cohesion and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and outcomes. Inflammation is one potential physiological pathway linking social cohesion to CVD development, but few studies have evaluated the relationship between social cohesion and inflammatory biomarkers. Prior research has also established that race and gender can modify the effects of neighborhood features, including social cohesion, on CVD risk factors and outcomes. This study aimed to examine the association between social cohesion and the inflammatory biomarkers interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in a cohort of African American and White women and men. Materials and methods Data from the Morehouse and Emory Team Up to Eliminate Health Disparities (META-Health) Study were used to assess the association between social cohesion and inflammation among African American (n = 203) and White (n = 176) adults from the Atlanta metropolitan area. Social cohesion was measured using the social cohesion subscale from the Neighborhood Health Questionnaire. Inflammatory biomarkers were measured from plasma frozen at −70 °C. Multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted, controlling for demographic, clinical, behavioral, and psychosocial factors sequentially. Interaction by race and gender was also examined. Results In models adjusted for age, race, gender, and education, social cohesion was significantly associated with lower levels of IL-6 (β = −0.06, p = 0.03). There was a significant race × social cohesion interaction (p = 0.04), and a marginally significant gender × race × social cohesion interaction (p = 0.09). In race-stratified models controlling for age, gender, and education, social cohesion was associated with lower IL-6 levels in African Americans (β = −0.11, p = 0.01), but not Whites (β = 0.01, p = 0.91). In fully adjusted race- and gender-stratified models, social cohesion was associated with lower levels of IL-6 in African American women only (β = −0.15, p = 0.003). CRP was not associated with social cohesion in fully adjusted models. Conclusion The association between social cohesion and lower levels of IL-6 is modified by gender and race, with the strongest association emerging for African American women. Although the pathways through which social cohesion impacts inflammation remain unclear, it is possible that for African American women social cohesion manifests through neighborhood networks.

Background and purpose Effective mentorship is critical to the success of early stage investigators, and has been linked to enhanced mentee productivity, self-efficacy, and career satisfaction. The mission of the National Research Mentoring Network (NRMN) is to provide all trainees across the biomedical, behavioral, clinical, and social sciences with evidence-based mentorship and professional development programming that emphasizes the benefits and challenges of diversity, inclusivity, and culture within mentoring relationships, and more broadly the research workforce. The purpose of this paper is to describe the structure and activities of NRMN. Key highlights NRMN serves as a national training hub for mentors and mentees striving to improve their relationships by better aligning expectations, promoting professional development, maintaining effective communication, addressing equity and inclusion, assessing understanding, fostering independence, and cultivating ethical behavior. Training is offered in-person at institutions, regional training, or national meetings, as well as via synchronous and asynchronous platforms; the growing training demand is being met by a cadre of NRMN Master Facilitators. NRMN offers career stage-focused coaching models for grant writing, and other professional development programs. NRMN partners with diverse stakeholders from the NIH-sponsored Diversity Program Consortium (DPC), as well as organizations outside the DPC to work synergistically towards common diversity goals. NRMN offers a virtual portal to the Network and all NRMN program offerings for mentees and mentors across career development stages. NRMNet provides access to a wide array of mentoring experiences and resources including MyNRMN, Guided Virtual Mentorship Program, news, training calendar, videos, and workshops. National scale and sustainability are being addressed by NRMN “Coaches-in-Training” offerings for more senior researchers to implement coaching models across the nation. “Shark Tanks” provide intensive review and coaching for early career health disparities investigators, focusing on grant writing for graduate students, postdoctoral trainees, and junior faculty. Implications Partners from diverse perspectives are building the national capacity and sparking the institutional changes necessary to truly diversify and transform the biomedical research workforce. NRMN works to leverage resources towards the goals of sustainability, scalability, and expanded reach.

The positive impact of diversity in increasing the effectiveness of the research workforce has been undeniably demonstrated to be an essential element for achieving health equity. Diversity is also instrumental for the research workforce to advance discovery, eliminate health disparities, improve minority health and achieve effective patient-centered outcomes in the quest for better health. One of the sustainable ways to achieve diversity in the work force is through training, education and career development of all interested individuals including minority, underserved, underrepresented and populations with special needs. A Hispanic public, academic health center, and a historically black private medical school, have joined efforts in this article to share their experiences in addressing diversity in the clinical and translational research workforce with grant support from the National Institutes of Health. The purpose of this paper is to describe how diversity has been achieved through a concerted effort to recruit and develop underrepresented junior faculty and doctoral candidates for successful careers in clinical and translational research focused on health disparities and minority health. We describe Initiatives designed to achieve diversity in recruitment and development of research teams, together with an evaluation of outcomes to determine the success of the program and its participants.

Junior investigators often have limited access to networks of scientific experts and resources that facilitate competitive grant submissions. Since environments in which scientists are trained are critically important for long-term success, we built and tested a virtual environment for early-stage investigators (ESIs) working on grant proposals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the virtual community&rsquo, s influence on grant submission patterns among participants from underrepresented groups. As part of a grant writing coaching model, junior investigators were recruited into a professional development program designed to develop competitive grantsmanship skills. Designed by the Research Resources and Outreach Core (RROC) of the National Research Mentoring Network (NRMN), the Health Equity Learning Collaboratory (EQ-Collaboratory) provided a virtual community for social support, accountability, constructive feedback, and access to peer networks to help investigators overcome barriers to grant submission. This study assessed differences in outcomes for participants who completed the training within the EQ-Collaboratory compared to those who did not. The analyzed data revealed a statistically significant difference in the average time to submission for participants enrolled in the EQ-Collaboratory. EQ-Collaboratory ESIs submitted proposals 148.6 days earlier, (p &lt, 0.0001). The results suggest that a supportive virtual environment can help investigators more quickly overcome barriers to grant submission.