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Simple Summary: This study investigated the contamination status and health risk of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) such as Hg, As, Pb, Fe, Zn, and Cu in four selected fish species from one of the largest wetlands in South Asia. The results showed that the degree of contamination varied among the fish species, with Fe being the most abundant PTE, followed by Zn, Cu, Pb, As, and Hg. Among the fish species, Glossogobius giuris had the highest Hg concentration, while Nandus nandus predominantly accumulated As. Health risk assessment showed the PTEs posed no substantial risks to consumers. The carcinogenic risks (CR) derived from Pb intake were also below the standard limit, further supporting the conclusion that the consumption of the studied fishes did not pose a potential health harm to consumers. Overall, the study provided evidence that, at the existing consumption rate, the analyzed fish species from the freshwater are safe to consumers. Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) such as Hg, As, and Pb have become concentrated in the aquatic ecosystem as a result of increased human activities. However, these substances frequently have synergistic or antagonistic effects on the human body or other animals. As a result, there are concerns world-wide that commercially available food products, especially fish, may be contaminated with hazardous elements. In this study, samples of four selected fishes, Gutum (Lepidocephalichthys guntea), Baim (Macrognathus pancalus), Baila (Glossogobius giuris), Meni (Nandus nandus) were analyzed from one of the largest freshwater wetlands (designed as a Ramsar Site) in South Asia to evaluate PTEs contamination status and human health risk assessment. The result demonstrated that the degree of contamination for six PTEs decreased in the following sequences for fish: Fe > Zn > Cu > Pb > As > Hg. The edible part of G. giuris had the maximum value for Hg (0.42 μg/g dw), while N. nandus predominantly accumulated As (<0.41 μg/g dw). The estimated daily intake (EDI) values ranged from 0.003 to 1.75, which was much lower than the recommended values. The hazard index (HI), THQ, total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) scores through consuming fish followed the decreasing order of Fe > Hg > Cu > Zn > Pb. The values for each index were less than 1, indicating that there were no substantial health risks for the consumers. The carcinogenic risks (CR) derived from the intake of Pb ranged from 4.92 × 10−8 to 4.14 × 10−8 for males and 5.45 × 10−8 to 4.59 × 10−8 for females, which also did not exceed the standard limit (1.00 × 10−6). This study demonstrated that, under the existing consumption rate, there was no potential health harm to consumers from consuming the studied fishes. This study offers a chance to regularly check PTEs in this environment, reducing the contamination of heavy metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to measure the metals (Fe, Cu, Cr, Co, As, Zn, Hg, and Pb) concentration and assesses human health risks posed by these eight metals in the five most available cultured fish species (Pangasiuspangasius, Oreochromisniloticus, Heteropneustesfossilis, Anabustestudineus, Clariasbatrachus) collected from the Mymenshing Sadar Upazila. Both fishes and three fish feeds were analyzed using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF). In fish feeds, the concentrations of metals were detected in the following order Fe > Zn > Cu > Hg > Pb. Besides, Hg concentration in three feeds samples was found higher than the maximum residue limit. Fe, Cu, Cr, Co, As, Zn, Hg, and Pb concentration in fishes were 82.45 to 104.55, 24.47 to 32.88, 2.62 to 6.73, < 0.28, < 0.41, 70.01 to 96.56, 0.57 to 1.07, and 0.34 to 0.49 µg/g respectively as dry weight basis. Health Risk Index (HRI) was observed > 1 both for adults and children and maximum HRI values for Pb was found in both P. pangasius and C. batrachus fish species. Additionally, PCA explained 73% variation in data and CA comprised the similarity within sampling stations. Pearson correlation implied a strong association amongst the trace metals. Finally, the accumulation of metals tends to the massive health hazard that should be mitigated by adopting several measures on fish feeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Heavy metals were determined and compared in captured and cultured fishes. • Health Risk Index for Fe, Zn, Cu, Hg and Pb exceeded the safe limit (<1) by USEPA. • The carcinogenic health risk for Pb was higher in cultured fishes than captured fishes. • A risk-based consumption limit of fishes was established. Food toxicity and health risks due to heavy metals exposure through fish consumption have become a major concern for this present era. Since, both cultured and captured fishes are largely consumed in Bangladesh, a comparison of heavy metals between those fishes are must. Seven sample species were collected from a tributary of the Meghna River at Lakhai Kheyaghat, Habiganj, Bangladesh and fish market of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) Spectrometer were used to measure the metal concentrations. The sequence of metal concentration in the flesh of fishes was Fe > Zn > Cu > Pb>Hg for both fish categories with mean concentrations (mg kg−1) of 69.8 ± 7.5 > 56.42 ± 8.59 > 19.52 ± 2.63 > 0.44 ± 0.18 > 0.39 ± 0.04 respectively for cultured fishes (n = 21). Statistically, mean Cu, Zn, and Pb concentrations from captured fishes flesh samples were not significantly different from cultured fishes (p > 0.05) when analyzed with non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test. Pb carcinogenicity from the cultured fishes was measured a value of 2.5E-05 for children exceeding the prescribed limit by 25 times which indicates a substantial risk for lifelong exposure. Summarizing the results, the Toxicity Scores (TS) has shown substantial rate of possibility for study area inhabitants to be exposed to heavy metals through heavy metal contaminated fish consumption, specially cultured fishes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]