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Existing pulsating heat pipes (PHPs) have a closed loop on a two-dimensional (2D) plane, leading to a structural limit in heat transfer performance. This study solves the limitations of these existing PHPs by substituting a specific three-dimensional (3D) structure PHP. The numerical model (having a 2D structure PHP) was validated with the experiment, which shows the maximum error of 8.5 % in the results. Results show that additional flow occurred due to the 3D structure of the PHP, which enables improved heat transfer. Under uniform heating conditions, the thermal resistance and the temperature of the evaporator decreased by up to 14.7 % and 6.7 ·C, respectively. Finally, the heat transfer performance was compared for the entire 3D structure PHP under uniform and non-uniform heating conditions. The non-uniform heating conditions of the PHP increased the thermal resistance and temperature of the evaporator under low heating rates while decreased them under high heating rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction notice for an article titled "Numerical study on the heat transfer characteristics of three-dimensional pulsating heat pipe" published in the Journal of Mechanical Science & Technology. The correction addresses an error in the original article regarding the acknowledgment section. The correction states that the work was supported by the Korea Maritime And Ocean University Research Fund in 2021 and the National Research Foundation of Korea. The correction notice is published by The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany. [Extracted from the article]

Highlights • Thermal performance of a PHP is measured at various nonuniform heating conditions and filling ratios. • Thermal resistance is analyzed as a function of dimensionless heat difference, heat input, and filling ratio. • Optimal filling ratios are determined with respect to nonuniformity of heat input in the evaporator section. • Contour maps for effective thermal conductivity are proposed to provide design guides of PHPs. Abstract A pulsating heat pipe (PHP) is an excellent cooling device based on the phase change of a working fluid. However, the performance of the PHP can be degraded by nonuniform heating conditions in the evaporator section. The objective of this study is to investigate the thermal performance characteristics of a PHP at various nonuniform heating conditions. The thermal performance of the PHP is measured by varying the dimensionless heat difference from 0 to 0.3, heat input from 30 to 100 W, and filling ratio from 50% to 70%. As a result, the optimal filling ratios for the best PHP performance and reliability are determined to be 50%, 60%, and 70%, at the dimensionless heat differences of 0, 0.2, and 0.3, respectively. In addition, the thermal resistance and evaporator temperature difference of the PHP increase with an increase in the dimensionless heat difference owing to the decreased driving force. Finally, contour maps for the effective thermal conductivity are proposed to provide design guides of PHPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]