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Ternary hybrid nanofluids (Thnf) are used in several fields, including enhancements of heat transfer, solar power systems, medical devices, electronics cooling, aviation industry, and automotive sector. Furthermore, Thnf provide a versatile solution to boost energy transport for the industrial applications. In the current analysis, an incompressible magnetized Thnf flow with the natural convection through a curved surface using Darcy–Forchheimer medium is addressed. The heat transfer is simulated by using the Cattaneo–Christov (C–C) heat flux model. Aluminum alloys (Ti6Al4V, AA7072 and AA7075) are dispersed in water (H2O) and ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) to synthesize the modified hybrid nanofluid. The model equations are reform into ODEs (ordinary differential equations) by using the similarity substitution. The non-dimensional set of ODEs is further numerically estimated through PCM (Parametric continuation method). The physical behavior of velocity, energy outline, Nusselt number and skin friction for distinct values of emerging variables are computed and analyzed in detail. The finding reveals that an improvement in entropy generation has been observed versus the rising values of unsteadiness and variable porosity parameters. The rising effect of permeability parameter enhances the velocity curve; whereas, fluid velocity drops with the influence of inertia coefficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies associated with ethylene glycol (EG) have great significance in various engineering sectors because EG is more useful as a cooling agent in various engines. Furthermore, fluid inspection using two distinct nanoparticles has applications in mechanical systems, electronic devices, medical apparatus, and the diagnosis and treatment of disease. Therefore, present comminution explored the entropy production in magnetized hybrid nanomaterials flowing via Darcy–Forchheimer space with varying permeability. Hybrid nano liquid is synthesized by adding cobalt ferrite and gold nanoparticles to ethylene glycol and water. Effects of thermal radiation, Joule heating, heat sources, and an exponential heat source are considered in the energy expression. The assumed problem is modeled in the form of nonlinear PDEs. Such types of problems have mostly occurred in symmetrical phenomena and are applicable in engineering, physics, and applied mathematics. The obtained system is converted to ODEs using suitable substitution transformations. Resultant ODEs are numerically computed with the help of the NDSolve technique using Mathematica software. Their outcomes are displayed through figures and tables. Obtained results reveal that variable permeability and curvature parameters improve the velocity profile, while an exponential heat source (EHS) enhances the thermal effect. It is also observed that entropy optimization improves with the increment in magnetic parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present investigation is concerned with mixed convection flow of Williamson nanoliquid over an unsteady slandering stretching sheet. Aspects of non-linear thermal radiation, Brownian diffusion, and thermophoresis effects are addressed. Non-linear stretching surface of varying thickness induce the flow. Novel features of combined zero mass flux and convective conditions are accounted. Use of appropriate transformations results into the non-linear ODE. Computations for the convergent solutions are provided. Graphs are designed for interpretations to quantities. Nusselt number and surface drag are computationally inspected. Our computed results indicate that attributes of nanoparticles and non-linear thermal radiation enhance the temperature distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increment in HT ht is noticed for higher values of I i (see Fig. [Extracted from the article]

Moreover, HT ht is less in the case of SWCNTs than MWCNTs. We summarize our main findings here: - Higher , and HT ht lead to decay of the liquid velocities for both CNTs. [Extracted from the article]

Present attempt inspects the entropy analysis and melting effect in flow of hybrid nanomaterials consisting of CNTs nanoparticles and engine oil Flow is by a stretching cylinder. Formulation is accountable to the viscous dissipation, velocity slip and thermal radiation impacts. In order to estimate the disorder within the thermo-physical frame, second-order analysis has been used. The governing system with the imposed boundary condition is dimensionless via proper variables. Numerical outcomes are expressed graphically and analyzed. Comparison of hybrid nanomaterial, nanomaterials and regular liquid is expressed graphically. Outcomes indicate that the hybrid nanomaterials have great impact throughout the inspection than the ordinary nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the flow of magnetized nanomaterials between two parallel disks. Novel aspects of activation energy and nonlinear thermal radiation characterized the heat and mass transfer. Nonlinear system of ODEs is obtained via proper variables. Homotopic scheme determines the convergence interval of governing expressions. Plots have been interpreted in order to examine how the temperature and concentration are influenced by various physical variables. Further, surface drag forces and heat and mass transfer rates are computed numerically and analyzed. Our computed analysis depicts that the influence of squeezed and magnetic parameters have reverse effects on temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, nonlinear mixed convective flow of nanomaterials over a porous stretching sheet is discussed. The Buongiorno model is used in the mathematical modeling. Important aspects of Buongiorno model, i.e., Brownian movement and thermophoresis are addressed. Further impact of activation energy, viscous dissipation, Joule heating and nonlinear thermal radiation retained in energy and concentration expressions. Optimization of entropy generation rate is discussed. The governing systems are modeled through dimensionless variables. The series solutions are constructed via OHAM algorithm. Features of various sundry variables are interpreted and deliberated. Our analysis reveals that entropy enhances via higher estimation of Reynolds number, radiation and magnetic variables. Our analysis reveals that Bejan number shows decaying feature via Brinkman number and magnetic parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This communication explores the MHD flow of third grade fluid bounded by a stretching surface with homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions. Incompressible fluid is electrically conducting in the presence of constant magnetic field. Heat transfer is performed through exponential based space internal heat source, non-linear thermal radiation and convective boundary condition. Non-linear differential systems are computed by homotopic technique. Intervals of convergence through numerical data and plots are explicitly determined. The dimensionless velocity, temperature, and concentration distributions manifesting the characteristics of various influential parameters are addressed. The skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number are also addressed. Clearly temperature is enhanced by radiation, temperature ratio, and magnetic parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current work focuses on stagnation point flow of MHD Carreau fluid with heterogeneous-homogeneous reactions. Non-linear stretched sheet of variable thickness is the main agent for flow induction. Liquid is assumed an electrically conducted. Nonlinear thermal radiation and heat generation/absorption aspects are addressed. Proper transformations lead to dimensionless the governing problem. Resultant systems are tackled numerically via NDSolve based Shooting scheme. Importance of emerging variables is addressed through graphical illustrations. Tables regarding the estimations of skin friction and rate of heat transfer are computed and examined for various physical variables. It is found that convective and radiation variables improve the liquid temperature. Obtained outcomes are also compared in limiting way and found an excellent agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In current analysis, flow of magnetized nanofluids in porous curved stretchable surface with variable characteristics has been inspected by imposing the thermal radiation, and activation energy. The exothermic/endothermic reactive effect is included along with Buongiorno nanofluid model to investigate the thermal performance more extensively. The Lorentz force characteristics that cause the interaction of magnetic field with nanoliquid motion is further investigated. Additionally, production of entropy in the porous curved system because of irreversible process has been considered here. The modeled systems for considered model are firstly transformed into ODEs via appropriate variables and then computed by employing NDSolve technique using tool of Mathematica. Flow fields variation against relevant variables is inspected via tables and sketches. The key outcome of analysis is that, the entropy rate upsurges for higher local inertia parameter, radiation variable and Brinkman number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The hybrid nanofluid flow over an inclined stretching disk is studied. • The effect of variation in thin film and inclined disc are considered. • The Cu and Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles are used in the preparation of hybrid nanofluid. • The analytical solution is obtained through the Homotopy Analysis Method. • The consequences of thermal radiation and a magnetic field are also elaborated. Hybrid nanofluids have drawn more attention recently due to their potential to improve heat transfer in solar water heaters. However, it is still difficult to accurately predict how these nanofluids will behave when they flow over inclined rotating disks. The present work thoroughly analyses thin-film's 3D steady hybrid nanoliquid flow across an inclined spinning disk. The hybrid nanoliquid is a combination of copper (Cu) and aluminium oxide (Al 2 O 3) tiny-size solid particles suspended in water. The flow is expressed in from of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). Employing the proper similarity transformation, the mathematical model is renovated into a collection of a system of coupled ordinary differential equations. Utilising the Homotopy Analysis Method obtained equations are resolved. According to graphical results, adding a porous medium to a thin film flows over an inclined spinning disc considerably accelerates heat transfer and possibly improving thermal efficiency. The effective heat transfer characteristics can potentially improve the proficiency of solar water heaters, using a hybrid nanofluid made up of Al 2 O 3 and Cu nano-sized solid particles suspended in water. The increasing impact of the thin film thickness drops the velocity and energy transmission rate of the fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]