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Investigations on thin-film flow play a vital role in the field of optoelectronics and magnetic devices. Thin films are reasonably hard and thermally stable but quite fragile. The thermal stability of a thin film can be further improved by incorporating the effects of nanoparticles. In the current work, a stretchable surface is considered upon which hybrid nanofluid thin-film flow is taken into account. The idea of augmenting heat transmission by making use of a hybrid nanofluid is a focus of the current work. The flow is affected by variations in the viscous forces, along with viscous dissipation effects and Marangoni convection. A time-constrained magnetic field is applied in the normal direction to the flow system. The equations governing the flow system are shifted to a non-dimensional form by applying similarity variables. The homotopy analysis method is employed to find the solution to the resultant equations. It is noticed in this study that the flow characteristics decline with augmentation of magnetic, viscosity and unsteadiness parameters while they increase with enhanced values of thin-film parameters. Thermal characteristics are supported by increasing values of the Eckert number and the unsteadiness parameter and opposed by the viscosity parameter and Prandtl number. The numerical impact of different emerging parameters upon skin friction and the Nusselt number is calculated in tabular form. A comparison of current work with established results is carried out, with good agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hybrid nanofluid is extensively used in manufacturing commercial applications due to its high exceptional capacity to increase the heat transfer rate. As a result, in the existence of nonlinear convection, the hybrid nanofluid is considered to flow on an inclined plane. The nonlinear convection has many applications in real life and is more relevant to the natural flow avoiding the flow restrictions. The focus has been executed on the thermal and mass Grashof numbers to analyse the fluid motion in the presence of these parameters for nonlinear nature. Moreover, the hybrid nanofluid flow analysis has been done to investigate the heat transfer analysis. The modelled equations are solved through an analytical approach. The heat and mass transfer rates and drag force are calculated under the influence of various physical parameters. The new parameter of the Grashof numbers improves the fluid motion for its larger values, and consequently, the fluid rapidly falls down from the inclined plane. The obtained outputs show that hybrid nanofluids are more effective in heat transfer analysis as compared to other conventional fluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Passive heat transfer (PHT) methods provide an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly approach for transferring heat between systems, making them a promising solution for renewable and clean energy utilization across various applications. Changing the performance of heat transfer systems can be achieved by manipulating fluid flows. In this study, an investigation was conducted on the use of four blocks with different positions and sizes as obstacles embedded within a square enclosure, which affected the heat transfer through natural convection. Additionally, the study explored the effectiveness of a hybrid nanofluid created by injecting two types of nanoparticles, titanium oxide (Ti O 2) and Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT), into the cooling fluid. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were employed to examine the impact of the blocks, nanoparticle concentration, and Rayleigh number on heat transfer parameters. The findings revealed that the addition of a 6 % volume fraction of titanium oxide and MWCNT to the base fluid resulted in a notable increase of over 5 % but less than 30 % in the average Nusselt number. In contrast to expectations, embedding obstacles drooped off average Nusselt number by 9 to 30 % in Rayleigh numbers of 10,000 and 100,000, and had no effect in Rayleigh numbers of 100 and 1000. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper describes a Darcy-Forchheimer flow of Casson hybrid nanofluid through an incessantly expanding curved surface. Darcy-Forchheimer influence expresses the viscous fluid flow in the porous medium. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with a cylindrical form and iron-oxide are utilized to make hybrid nanofluids. Using Karman's scaling, the principal equations are rearranged to nondimensional ordinary differential equations. The "Homotopy analysis method" is used to further build up the analytic arrangement of modeled equations. The impact of flow variables on the velocity and temperature profiles has been tabulated and explained. The flow velocity is raised when both the curvature and volume fraction parameters are elevated. The temperature and velocity profiles exhibit the opposite tendency when the Forchheimer number is increased, since the fluid velocity decreases while the energy profile grows. The addition of CNTs and iron nanocomposites improves the thermophysical characteristics of the base fluid significantly. The obtained consequences show that hybrid nanofluids are more efficient to improve the heat transfer rate. Using CNTs and nanomaterials in the base fluid to control the coolant level in industrial equipment is a wonderful idea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]