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A histological and histochemical study of the ovary of Dysdercus koenigii has been carried out to ascertain the origin of protein, lipid and carbohydrate components of the yolk during vitellogenesis. Germaria of the telotrophic ovarioles of this insect comprise mononucleate and binucleate trophocytes, prefollicular cells and oogonia ensheathed in two membranes. The follicular epithelium derived from the prefollicular cells is multilayered in the beginning of the oocyte development but is progressively reduced to one layer in later stages. Chromatin material in the binucleate trophocytes condenses to form DNA-positive blobs. RNA-positive material flowing from the nutritive cords can be seen at the nutritive cord-oocyte junction. Protein bodies appear first in the intercellular spaces of follicular epithelium during the early vitellogenic stages indicating the supply of yolk protein from the haemolymph. Lipids originate as L1 bodies made up of unsaturated phospholipids in the nucleus (germinal vesicle). These bodies by addition of saturated triglycerides from haemolymph change to L2 bodies, which in turn, knock off phospholipid part and change of L3 bodies. Polysaccharides come as extrusions from the germinal vesicle while glycogen is first seen in the intercellular spaces of follicular epithelium and then passes into the oocyte indicating its origin in the haemolymph.

Unlike many heteropterans, the retrocerebral endocrine organs of the water-bug, Sphaerodema annulatum are not fused with each other or with the hypocerebral ganglion. The NCC I bypass the CC and also innervate the oesophageal dilator muscles, CA and post-allatal pericardial cells in addition to aorta. Terminall, this nerve dilates into an ampulla showing accumulation of NSM and, therefore, regarded as a transitory storage centre. Each CC is divisible into two histological halves; the anterior half being negative and the posterior half positive to AF. The CA are innervated by two NCAs one of which (the NCA I) ramifies to form a NSM containing nerve-net on the surface of the gland regarded as another transitory storage centre. Three qualitatively different secretory factors are recognised in the retrocerebral endocrine-aortal complex of this insect -- of which one, localised in the posterior half of the CC, is regarded as indigenous and the other two present in the CA, aorta and pericardial cell nerves as cerebral in origin. Of the latter, both the factors are transported to the CA while only one to the aorta and pericardial cell nerves.