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The effect of nitroglycerin and sodium nitroprusside on arterial and venous blood gases and acid-base state as well as central hemodynamic parameters were assessed in myocardial infarction patients using a micro-Astrup and a rheoplethysmograph. Blood oxygen flow and oxygen uptake were estimated. Nitroglycerin and sodium nitroprusside, administered to myocardial infarction patients showing no signs of heart failure, caused a significant reduction in arterial blood partial oxygen pressure (pO2), which, however, did not lead to a reduction of oxygen flow and tissue oxygen provision. In myocardial infarction patients with heart failure, nitroglycerin and sodium nitroprusside had a favorable effect on systemic oxygen regimen and central hemodynamics.