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This article, published in the journal Endoscopy, explores the risk factors associated with delayed post polypectomy bleeding, which is a common complication of endoscopic polypectomy. The study suggests that endoscopic hemostasis is usually not necessary for low-risk stigmata, such as flat pigmented stigma or a clean base. However, for high-risk stigmata, such as active bleeding or visible vessels, endoscopic hemostasis may be warranted. The study also highlights potential risk factors for high-risk stigmata, including hemodynamic instability, the need for transfusion, shock index, polyp size, and the use of prophylactic hemostatic clips. The authors conclude that further research is needed to determine which patients with delayed post polypectomy bleeding can be treated conservatively. [Extracted from the article]

This article, titled "Parastomal variceal bleeding successfully treated with tissue adhesive injection (cyanoacrylate)," discusses the case of a 48-year-old female patient with a history of gastric bypass surgery and portal hypertension. The patient presented with hematemesis and was found to have bleeding from a parastomal varicose vein. The bleeding was successfully treated with cyanoacrylate glue injection. The article highlights the clinical challenge of managing ectopic parastomal varices and emphasizes the need for case-dependent treatment in the absence of general management guidelines. The authors of the article are C. Sotiropoulos, C. Konstantakis, O. Ampazis, G. Theocharis, C. Triantos, and K. Thomopoulos. [Extracted from the article]

This article, titled "Over-the-scope clip for recurrent peptic ulcer hemorrhage: Use of a novel tool as a rescue treatment," discusses the use of an over-the-scope clip system as a rescue treatment for persistent or recurrent bleeding caused by peptic ulcers. The article presents a case study of an 83-year-old patient who experienced in-hospital melena and was initially treated with epinephrine injection and a through-the-scope clip placement. However, the bleeding recurred and the patient underwent a repeat endoscopy, during which an active hemorrhage was detected and treated with the over-the-scope clip system. The article concludes that the over-the-scope clip is an effective and safe treatment for persistent or recurrent bleeding. [Extracted from the article]

This article, published in the journal Endoscopy, discusses the successful treatment of anorectal variceal bleeding in a 76-year-old female patient with a history of hepatitis B virus-related liver cirrhosis. The patient experienced multiple episodes of hematochezia and underwent sigmoidoscopy, which revealed enlarged anorectal varicose veins. The bleeding vessels were treated successfully with the injection of a sclerosing agent called ethanolamine, commonly used in sclerotherapy of varicose veins in the lower extremities. Anorectal varices are a significant cause of bleeding in patients with portal hypertension. The article includes a video demonstrating the procedure. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses a case of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in a patient who had previously undergone laparoscopic gastric plication bariatric surgery. The patient presented with symptoms of melena and fainting, and was treated with intravenous fluids, transfusions, and proton pump inhibitors. During a gastroscopy, ulcers were discovered in the stomach mucosa. The article highlights the potential complications associated with gastric plication surgery. [Extracted from the article]

Abstract: Background and aim: Variceal bleeding is a severe complication of portal hypertension with a mortality rate between 30% and 60% in previous studies. During the last two decades the treatment of these patients has been improved. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical outcome of patients after an episode of acute variceal bleeding and to identify risk factors for early and late mortality in these patients. Materials and methods: All patients with acute variceal bleeding hospitalised at two large hospitals between January 1, 1999 and June 30, 2004, were retrospectively enrolled in this study. After discharge, patients were followed until death or study closure date, on June 30, 2005. Bleeding related mortality, 6-week, 1-year and overall mortality were evaluated as well as factors related to early and late mortality. Results: One hundred and forty one patients were included (114 men, 27 women) with a mean age of 60.5±13.5 years. In hospital, 6-week, 1-year and overall mortality were 12.1%, 18.4%, 32.6% and 48.2%, respectively. The mean length of hospitalisation was 11.4±9 days (1–55) and the mean packed red blood cell requirement was 3.9±3.7 (0–25). The rate of recurrent bleeding was 10.7% during initial hospitalisation. Being Child-Pugh C (p =0.003) and shock on admission (p =0.037) were independent predictors of 6-week mortality, while being Child-Pugh C (p =0.028), presence of hepatocellular carcinoma or other neoplasia (p =0.04) and partial thromboplastin time (p =0.021) during the initial admission were independent predictors for 1-year mortality. Mortality was not affected by the presence of active bleeding and/or white nipple at emergency endoscopy. Also presence of infection was not an adverse factor of clinical outcome in our patients. Conclusions: In conclusion, the clinical outcome of patients with acute variceal bleeding is better in comparison with previous studies. The severity of liver failure as well as the presence of neoplasia mainly affects the survival. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Endoscopic hemostasis is the treatment of choice for bleeding gastroduodenal ulcers. Forest IIA gastroduodenal ulcers (non-bleeding visible vessel-NBVV) are related to high risk of rebleeding, which often necessitates surgical hemostasis for permanent control. The aim of this study was to define factors that would predict failure of endoscopic hemostasis in patients with NBW. During a four-year period (1997-2001), 1113 patients were treated at our hospital due to benign peptic ulcer bleeding, among them 191 with NBVV. Within 24 hours from admission they all underwent emergency endoscopic hemostasis with adrenaline injection, and were then followed intensively. In case of rebleeding, a second attempt for endoscopic hemostasis was carried out.