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Vergi ahlâkı, sosyal sermayenin önemli bir enstrümanı olarak, ülkelerin gelişmişlik göstergeleri içinde kabul edilmektedir. Bu nedenle, birçok ülke için vergi ahlâk düzeylerinin araştırıldığı çalışmalar son yıllarda ivme kazanmıştır. Yapılan literatür taramalarında, Türk vergi mükellefleri için hesaplanmış bir vergi ahlâk skoruna rastlanmamıştır. Bu çalışma, Türk vergi mükelleflerinin vergi ahlâk düzeyinin belirlenmesini amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla, Ege Bölgesi'nde faal gelir vergisi mükelleflerini kapsayan bir anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular sonucu geliştirilen endeks ile bölgenin vergi ahlâk skoru hesaplanmıştır.

This paper aims to evaluate the complications occurred during and after the hemodialysis sessions made in a private hemodialysis center in terms of their sigma levels and severity. Complications with sigma levels under 4.00 indicate that the sessions need improvement and corrective actions. Vital few and trivial many critical to quality (CTQ) factors are determined and some improvement suggestions are made for the process based on the vital few CTQ factors. Consequently, it is found that the hemodialysis process operates at a 3.5342 sigma level.

This paper aims to evaluate the complications occurred during and after the hemodialysis sessions made in a private hemodialysis center in terms of their sigma levels and severity. Complications with sigma levels under 4.00 sigma level indicate that the sessions need improvement and corrective actions. Vital few and trivial many critical to quality (CTQ) factors are determined and some improvement suggestions are made for the process based on the vital few CTQ factors.

The aim of this paper is to concentrate on the very recent development performance of two country groups, namely Middle Eastern and North African countries, and to focus on Turkey in an attempt to determine the position of the country in the context of human development. To achieve this, descriptive statistical analysis is used and existing data is assessed in a comparative way to be more specific about the position of Turkey in her path of human development. The analysis period is restricted to the last five years. As a result, it is found that Turkey is in conjunction with the main trends of the countries under investigation and that it deviates from the standards of European and high human development index group of countries. In addition, Turkey’s human development performance of the country mainly accentuated from its relative backwardness in the gender-based indicators. In this context, the country is not only below the averages of the European, Central Asian and high human development index group countries, but also from the relatively backward Middle Eastern countries as well, and therefore, it seems to conform more to the standards of North African countries. In the case of Turkey, instead of attempting to achieve high growth rates, and henceforth to reach high per capita income levels, it would be better for policy makers to concern with advancing the level of human development through emphasizing education, healthcare services and especially struggling with the prevailing gender inequalities in every aspect of socio-economic life.

Bu makale, portföy yatırımlarında bir karar destek sistemi olarak rejim geçişken modellerin ne şekilde kullanılabileceğini gelişmekte olan hisse senedi piyasalarına ait zaman serilerini ve Gauss yazılım programını kullanarak incelemektedir. Yönetim bilişim sistemlerinde, model riskinin minimize edilmesi, karar destek siteminin uygulanacağı problemin net olarak tanımlanması ve bu problemin çözümünde kullanılacak modelin doğru seçilmesi ile mümkündür. Ekonometrik testlerin sonuçları, Ukrayna hariç, gelişmekte olan ekonomilerde hisse senetleri piyasalarında 09/01/2004-13/09/2007 tarihleri arasında, ABD hisse senedi piyasaları ile karşılaştırıldığında kalıcı bir volatilitenin gözlemlendiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu kapsamda, Türkiye, Rusya, Ukrayna, Brezilya, Lübnan, ABD (Dow Jones Industrial Average) ve MSCI (Morgan Stanley Composite Index) hisse senedi piyasalarında rejim geçişkenliği ekonometrik olarak karşılaştırmalı incelenmiştir.

The purpose of this study is to show how a private eye care center in Turkey initiated Six Sigma principles to reduce the number of complications encountered during and after intravitreal injections. Data were collected for 30-months. To analyse the complications among 229 injections administered on 106 patients, main tools of Six Sigma’s Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control (DMAIC) improvement cycle such as SIPOC table, Fishbone Diagram and, Failure, Mode and Effect Analysis were implemented. Sources and root causes of seven types of complications were identified and reported. For a successful intravitreal injection, experience of the retina specialist, attention of the retina specialist and patient’s ocular pathology were determined to be the “critical few” factors whereas, sterilization and hygiene, dosage of drug/agent and chemical properties of drug/agent were found to be the “trivial many”factors. The most frequently occuring and the complication with the highest hazard score was found to be subconjunctival haemorrhage. The process sigma level of the process was measured to be 3.2657. The surgical team concluded that six of the complications (out of seven) should be significantly reduced by taking the necessary preventative measures.

The purpose of this study is to show how a public eye care center in Turkey initiated Six Sigma principles to reduce the number of complications encountered during and after phacoemulsification cataract surgeries. To analyze the 3-year data, main tools of Six Sigma’s Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control (DMAIC) improvement cycle such as SIPOC table, Fishbone Diagram and, Failure, Mode and Effect Analysis were implemented. Experience of the ophthalmic surgeon, patient’s anatomy, cooperation of patient during the surgery, sterilization and hygiene, attention of assistant surgeon, calibration of equipment and quality/chemical composition of intraocular material were identified to be Critical-to-Quality (CTQ) factors for a successful phacoemulsification cataract surgery. The most frequently occurring complication was found to be iris atrophy. The process sigma level for the process was found to be 3.958.

Bu makale, portföy yatırımlarında bir karar destek sistemi olarak rejim geçişken modellerin ne şekilde kullanılabileceğini gelişmekte olan hisse senedi piyasalarına ait zaman serilerini ve Gauss yazılım programını kullanarak incelemektedir. Yönetim bilişim sistemlerinde, model riskinin minimize edilmesi, karar destek siteminin uygulanacağı problemin net olarak tanımlanması ve bu problemin çözümünde kullanılacak modelin doğru seçilmesi ile mümkündür. Ekonometrik testlerin sonuçları, Ukrayna hariç, gelişmekte olan ekonomilerde hisse senetleri piyasalarında 09/01/2004-13/09/2007 tarihleri arasında, ABD hisse senedi piyasaları ile karşılaştırıldığında kalıcı bir volatilitenin gözlemlendiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu kapsamda, Türkiye, Rusya, Ukrayna, Brezilya, Lübnan, ABD (Dow Jones Industrial Average) ve MSCI (Morgan Stanley Composite Index) hisse senedi piyasalarında rejim geçişkenliği ekonometrik olarak karşılaştırmalı incelenmiştir.

The purpose of this study is to show how a public eye care center in Turkey initiated Six Sigma principles to reduce the number of complications encountered during and after phacoemulsification cataract surgeries. To analyze the 3-year data, main tools of Six Sigma’s Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control (DMAIC) improvement cycle such as SIPOC table, Fishbone Diagram and, Failure, Mode and Effect Analysis were implemented. Experience of the ophthalmic surgeon, patient’s anatomy, cooperation of patient during the surgery, sterilization and hygiene, attention of assistant surgeon, calibration of equipment and quality/chemical composition of intraocular material were identified to be Critical-to-Quality (CTQ) factors for a successful phacoemulsification cataract surgery. The most frequently occurring complication was found to be iris atrophy. The process sigma level for the process was found to be 3.958.

The purpose of this study is to show how a private eye care center in Turkey initiated Six Sigma principles to reduce the number of complications encountered during and after intravitreal injections. Data were collected for 30-months. To analyse the complications among 229 injections administered on 106 patients, main tools of Six Sigma’s Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control (DMAIC) improvement cycle such as SIPOC table, Fishbone Diagram and, Failure, Mode and Effect Analysis were implemented. Sources and root causes of seven types of complications were identified and reported. For a successful intravitreal injection, experience of the retina specialist, attention of the retina specialist and patient’s ocular pathology were determined to be the “critical few” factors whereas, sterilization and hygiene, dosage of drug/agent and chemical properties of drug/agent were found to be the “trivial many”factors. The most frequently occuring and the complication with the highest hazard score was found to be subconjunctival haemorrhage. The process sigma level of the process was measured to be 3.2657. The surgical team concluded that six of the complications (out of seven) should be significantly reduced by taking the necessary preventative measures.

The purpose of this study is to show how a private eye care center in Turkey developed a Six Sigma infrastructure to investigate the root causes of complications occuring during strabismus surgeries. To analyze the collected data, main tools of Six Sigma’s Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control (DMAIC) improvement cycle such as SIPOC table, Fishbone Diagram and, Failure, Mode and Effect Analysis were implemented. Patient’s eye anatomy, experience of the anesthesiologist, experience/attention of the strabismus surgeon was identified to be Critical-to-Quality (CTQ) factors for a successful strabismus surgery. The most frequent complications of strabismus surgeries were found to be X, Y and Z. The process sigma level was found to be 3.2025.

The purpose of this study is to show how a private eye care center in Turkey developed a Six Sigma infrastructure to investigate the root causes of complications occuring during LASIK surgeries. To analyze the collected data, main tools of Six Sigma’s Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control(DMAIC) improvement cycle such as SIPOC table, Fishbone Diagram and, Failure, Mode and Effect Analysis were implemented. Experience of the refractive surgeons, type of microkeratome and hygiene of microkeratome were identified to be Critical-to-Quality (CTQ) factors for a successful LASIK surgery. The most frequent complications of LASIK surgeries were found to be dry eye syndrome, subconjunctival haemorrhage and flap edge melt. The process sigma level was found to be 3.7135.

The purpose of this study is to show how a private eye care center in Turkey developed a Six Sigma infrastructure to investigate the root causes of complications occuring during LASIK surgeries. To analyze the collected data, main tools of Six Sigma’s Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control(DMAIC) improvement cycle such as SIPOC table, Fishbone Diagram and, Failure, Mode and Effect Analysis were implemented. Experience of the refractive surgeons, type of microkeratome and hygiene of microkeratome were identified to be Critical-to-Quality (CTQ) factors for a successful LASIK surgery. The most frequent complications of LASIK surgeries were found to be dry eye syndrome, subconjunctival haemorrhage and flap edge melt. The process sigma level was found to be 3.7135.

The purpose of this study is to show how a private eye care center in Turkey developed a Six Sigma infrastructure to investigate the root causes of complications occuring during strabismus surgeries. To analyze the collected data, main tools of Six Sigma’s Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control (DMAIC) improvement cycle such as SIPOC table, Fishbone Diagram and, Failure, Mode and Effect Analysis were implemented. Patient’s eye anatomy, experience of the anesthesiologist, experience/attention of the strabismus surgeon was identified to be Critical-to-Quality (CTQ) factors for a successful strabismus surgery. The most frequent complications of strabismus surgeries were found to be X, Y and Z. The process sigma level was found to be 3.2025.

This paper aims to investigate the Critical Success Factors (CSFs) for the successful introduction of Six Sigma in large-scale Turkish construction companies. A survey-based approach is used in order to identify and understand the current quality practices. CSFs and impeding factors are identified and analysed. Involvement and commitment of top management, linking quality initiatives to customer and linking quality initiatives to supplier are found to be the most important CSFs to the construction companies. Leadership and commitment of top management, cross-functional teamwork and commitment of middle managers are found to be the most CSFs for successful introduction of Six Sigma, whereas lack of knowledge of the system to initiate and complacency are found to be hindering its implementation. High costs and high amount of waste are found to lower the performance of Turkish construction companies.

The purpose of this study is to show how a tertiary care center in Turkey operating mainly in cardiology initiated Six Sigma principles to reduce the number of complications occuring during coronary stent insertion process. A Six Sigma’s Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control (DMAIC) model for coronary stent insertion is suggested. Data were collected for 24-months. Twenty-two Critical-to-Quality (CTQ) factors were identified for successful coronary stent insertion. The most frequent causes of complications in the process were found to be patients with previous bypass surgery or PCI, inexperience of staff members, highly damaged vessel structure, thin and/or long vessel diameter, inappropriate selection of stent type, inappropriate selection of balloon type and poor image quality.

This paper aims to investigate the Critical Success Factors (CSFs) for the successful introduction of Six Sigma in large-scale Turkish construction companies. A survey-based approach is used in order to identify and understand the current quality practices. CSFs and impeding factors are identified and analysed. Involvement and commitment of top management, linking quality initiatives to customer and linking quality initiatives to supplier are found to be the most important CSFs to the construction companies. Leadership and commitment of top management, cross-functional teamwork and commitment of middle managers are found to be the most CSFs for successful introduction of Six Sigma, whereas lack of knowledge of the system to initiate and complacency are found to be hindering its implementation. High costs and high amount of waste are found to lower the performance of Turkish construction companies.

The purpose of this study is to show how a tertiary care center in Turkey operating mainly in cardiology initiated Six Sigma principles to reduce the number of complications occuring during coronary stent insertion process. A Six Sigma’s Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control (DMAIC) model for coronary stent insertion is suggested. Data were collected for 24-months. Twenty-two Critical-to-Quality (CTQ) factors were identified for successful coronary stent insertion. The most frequent causes of complications in the process were found to be patients with previous bypass surgery or PCI, inexperience of staff members, highly damaged vessel structure, thin and/or long vessel diameter, inappropriate selection of stent type, inappropriate selection of balloon type and poor image quality.

The HDI has played an influential role in the debate on human development. No index is perfect and so is the Human Development Index of United Nations Development Program. This paper aims to measure the performance of 182 countries in terms of performance by means of non-parametric input oriented CRS employed Data Envelopment Analysis. In addition, it elaborates on the cut-off values assigned by UNDP to categorize the countries. By means of this research, countries will be able to choose those elements by benchmarking from other countries that are applicable and most likely to develop strategy formulation processes for human development and international growth.

Matematik, merkezi konumda bulunan disiplinler arası bir bilim dalıdır. Bu yönüyle, özellikle eğitimde, matematiğin sevdirilmesi, öğretilmesi ve matematik bilincin aşılanması önemlidir. İlköğretimden başlayarak, üniversiteye kadar, öğrencilerin en çok çekindikleri veya korktukları derslerin başında matematik dersi gelmektedir. Bu korkunun oluşmasında, matematik dersinin çok zor olmasından ziyade, öğrencilerde özellikle, ilköğretim yıllarında oluşan olumlu veya olumsuz tutumun etkisi büyük rol oynamaktadır. Matematik bilincin oluşmasında önemli etkiye sahip olan tutumun etkisinin araştırılması önemlidir. Bu amaçla yapılan araştırmada, meslek yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin matematik dersine yönelik tutumları ile bireysel özellikleri arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Verilerin toplanması aşamasında; öğrencilerin matematiğe yönelik tutumlarını ölçmek amacıyla Matematik Tutum Ölçeği ile araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan demografik bilgi formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın güvenirlik analizi yapılmış ve Cronbach Alpha değeri 0,71 olarak bulunmuştur. Matematik tutum ölçeğinde uygulanan faktör analizi sonucunda dört alt faktör belirlenmiştir. Bu dört faktör, toplam varyansın %73,08’ini açıklamaktadır. Öğrencilerin matematik tutum puanları ile bireysel özellikleri arasındaki ilişki araştırılmış ve bireysel özelliklerin matematik tutumu etkilemediği görülmüştür Sonuç olarak, öğrencilerin matematik başarı düzeyi ile matematik tutum puan ortalaması arasındaki ilişki korelasyon analizi ile araştırılmış ve anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır. Elde edilen bu sonuç, nedenleri ile yorumlanmıştır.

Matematik, merkezi konumda bulunan disiplinler arası bir bilim dalıdır. Bu yönüyle, özellikle eğitimde, matematiğin sevdirilmesi, öğretilmesi ve matematik bilincin aşılanması önemlidir. İlköğretimden başlayarak, üniversiteye kadar, öğrencilerin en çok çekindikleri veya korktukları derslerin başında matematik dersi gelmektedir. Bu korkunun oluşmasında, matematik dersinin çok zor olmasından ziyade, öğrencilerde özellikle, ilköğretim yıllarında oluşan olumlu veya olumsuz tutumun etkisi büyük rol oynamaktadır. Matematik bilincin oluşmasında önemli etkiye sahip olan tutumun etkisinin araştırılması önemlidir. Bu amaçla yapılan araştırmada, meslek yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin matematik dersine yönelik tutumları ile bireysel özellikleri arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Verilerin toplanması aşamasında; öğrencilerin matematiğe yönelik tutumlarını ölçmek amacıyla Matematik Tutum Ölçeği ile araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan demografik bilgi formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın güvenirlik analizi yapılmış ve Cronbach Alpha değeri 0,71 olarak bulunmuştur. Matematik tutum ölçeğinde uygulanan faktör analizi sonucunda dört alt faktör belirlenmiştir. Bu dört faktör, toplam varyansın %73,08’ini açıklamaktadır. Öğrencilerin matematik tutum puanları ile bireysel özellikleri arasındaki ilişki araştırılmış ve bireysel özelliklerin matematik tutumu etkilemediği görülmüştür Sonuç olarak, öğrencilerin matematik başarı düzeyi ile matematik tutum puan ortalaması arasındaki ilişki korelasyon analizi ile araştırılmış ve anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır. Elde edilen bu sonuç, nedenleri ile yorumlanmıştır.

Matematik, merkezi konumda bulunan disiplinler arası bir bilim dalıdır. Bu yönüyle, özellikle eğitimde, matematiğin sevdirilmesi, öğretilmesi ve matematik bilincin aşılanması önemlidir. İlköğretimden başlayarak, üniversiteye kadar, öğrencilerin en çok çekindikleri veya korktukları derslerin başında matematik dersi gelmektedir. Bu korkunun oluşmasında, matematik dersinin çok zor olmasından ziyade, öğrencilerde özellikle, ilköğretim yıllarında oluşan olumlu veya olumsuz tutumun etkisi büyük rol oynamaktadır. Matematik bilincin oluşmasında önemli etkiye sahip olan tutumun etkisinin araştırılması önemlidir. Bu amaçla yapılan araştırmada, meslek yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin matematik dersine yönelik tutumları ile bireysel özellikleri arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Verilerin toplanması aşamasında; öğrencilerin matematiğe yönelik tutumlarını ölçmek amacıyla Matematik Tutum Ölçeği ile araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan demografik bilgi formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın güvenirlik analizi yapılmış ve Cronbach Alpha değeri 0,71 olarak bulunmuştur. Matematik tutum ölçeğinde uygulanan faktör analizi sonucunda dört alt faktör belirlenmiştir. Bu dört faktör, toplam varyansın %73,08’ini açıklamaktadır. Öğrencilerin matematik tutum puanları ile bireysel özellikleri arasındaki ilişki araştırılmış ve bireysel özelliklerin matematik tutumu etkilemediği görülmüştür Sonuç olarak, öğrencilerin matematik başarı düzeyi ile matematik tutum puan ortalaması arasındaki ilişki korelasyon analizi ile araştırılmış ve anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır. Elde edilen bu sonuç, nedenleri ile yorumlanmıştır.

This paper aims to evaluate the complications occurred during and after the hemodialysis sessions made in a private hemodialysis center in terms of their sigma levels and severity. Complications with sigma levels under 4.00 sigma level indicate that the sessions need improvement and corrective actions. Vital few and trivial many critical to quality (CTQ) factors are determined and some improvement suggestions are made for the process based on the vital few CTQ factors. Keywords: Six Sigma; Haemodialysis; Complications JEL Classifications: I20; L15

This paper aims to evaluate the complications occurred during and after the hemodialysis sessions made in a private hemodialysis center in terms of their sigma levels and severity. Complications with sigma levels under 4.00 sigma level indicate that the sessions need improvement and corrective actions. Vital few and trivial many critical to quality (CTQ) factors are determined and some improvement suggestions are made for the process based on the vital few CTQ factors. Keywords: Six Sigma; Haemodialysis; Complications JEL Classifications: I20; L15

This paper aims to evaluate the complications occurred during and after the hemodialysis sessions made in a private hemodialysis center in terms of their sigma levels and severity. Complications with sigma levels under 4.00 sigma level indicate that the sessions need improvement and corrective actions. Vital few and trivial many critical to quality (CTQ) factors are determined and some improvement suggestions are made for the process based on the vital few CTQ factors. Keywords: Six Sigma; Haemodialysis; Complications JEL Classifications: I20; L15

The aim of this paper is to concentrate on the very recent development performance of two country groups, namely Middle Eastern and North African countries, and to focus on Turkey in an attempt to determine the position of the country in the context of human development. To achieve this, descriptive statistical analysis is used and existing data is assessed in a comparative way to be more specific about the position of Turkey in her path of human development. The analysis period is restricted to the last five years. As a result, it is found that Turkey is in conjunction with the main trends of the countries under investigation and that it deviates from the standards of European and high human development index group of countries. In addition, Turkey’s human development performance of the country mainly accentuated from its relative backwardness in the gender-based indicators. In this context, the country is not only below the averages of the European, Central Asian and high human development index group countries, but also from the relatively backward Middle Eastern countries as well, and therefore, it seems to conform more to the standards of North African countries. In the case of Turkey, instead of attempting to achieve high growth rates, and henceforth to reach high per capita income levels, it would be better for policy makers to concern with advancing the level of human development through emphasizing education, healthcare services and especially struggling with the prevailing gender inequalities in every aspect of socio-economic life. Keywords: Human Development; Gender Equality; Turkey JEL Classifications: J16; O10; O15

The aim of this paper is to concentrate on the very recent development performance of two country groups, namely Middle Eastern and North African countries, and to focus on Turkey in an attempt to determine the position of the country in the context of human development. To achieve this, descriptive statistical analysis is used and existing data is assessed in a comparative way to be more specific about the position of Turkey in her path of human development. The analysis period is restricted to the last five years. As a result, it is found that Turkey is in conjunction with the main trends of the countries under investigation and that it deviates from the standards of European and high human development index group of countries. In addition, Turkey’s human development performance of the country mainly accentuated from its relative backwardness in the gender-based indicators. In this context, the country is not only below the averages of the European, Central Asian and high human development index group countries, but also from the relatively backward Middle Eastern countries as well, and therefore, it seems to conform more to the standards of North African countries. In the case of Turkey, instead of attempting to achieve high growth rates, and henceforth to reach high per capita income levels, it would be better for policy makers to concern with advancing the level of human development through emphasizing education, healthcare services and especially struggling with the prevailing gender inequalities in every aspect of socio-economic life. Keywords: Human Development; Gender Equality; Turkey JEL Classifications: J16; O10; O15

The aim of this paper is to concentrate on the very recent development performance of two country groups, namely Middle Eastern and North African countries, and to focus on Turkey in an attempt to determine the position of the country in the context of human development. To achieve this, descriptive statistical analysis is used and existing data is assessed in a comparative way to be more specific about the position of Turkey in her path of human development. The analysis period is restricted to the last five years. As a result, it is found that Turkey is in conjunction with the main trends of the countries under investigation and that it deviates from the standards of European and high human development index group of countries. In addition, Turkey’s human development performance of the country mainly accentuated from its relative backwardness in the gender-based indicators. In this context, the country is not only below the averages of the European, Central Asian and high human development index group countries, but also from the relatively backward Middle Eastern countries as well, and therefore, it seems to conform more to the standards of North African countries. In the case of Turkey, instead of attempting to achieve high growth rates, and henceforth to reach high per capita income levels, it would be better for policy makers to concern with advancing the level of human development through emphasizing education, healthcare services and especially struggling with the prevailing gender inequalities in every aspect of socio-economic life. Keywords: Human Development; Gender Equality; Turkey JEL Classifications: J16; O10; O15

The purpose of this study is to show how a private eye care center in Turkey initiated Six Sigma principles to reduce the number of complications encountered during and after intravitreal injections. Data were collected for 30-months. To analyse the complications among 229 injections administered on 106 patients, main tools of Six Sigma’s Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control (DMAIC) improvement cycle such as SIPOC table, Fishbone Diagram and, Failure, Mode and Effect Analysis were implemented. Sources and root causes of seven types of complications were identified and reported. For a successful intravitreal injection, experience of the retina specialist, attention of the retina specialist and patient’s ocular pathology were determined to be the “critical few” factors whereas, sterilization and hygiene, dosage of drug/agent and chemical properties of drug/agent were found to be the “trivial many”factors. The most frequently occuring and the complication with the highest hazard score was found to be subconjunctival haemorrhage. The process sigma level of the process was measured to be 3.2657. The surgical team concluded that six of the complications (out of seven) should be significantly reduced by taking the necessary preventative measures. Keywords: Six Sigma; Ophthalmology; Intravitreal injections; Complications JEL Classifications: I120; L15

The purpose of this study is to show how a public eye care center in Turkey initiated Six Sigma principles to reduce the number of complications encountered during and after phacoemulsification cataract surgeries. To analyze the 3-year data, main tools of Six Sigma’s Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control (DMAIC) improvement cycle such as SIPOC table, Fishbone Diagram and, Failure, Mode and Effect Analysis were implemented. Experience of the ophthalmic surgeon, patient’s anatomy, cooperation of patient during the surgery, sterilization and hygiene, attention of assistant surgeon, calibration of equipment and quality/chemical composition of intraocular material were identified to be Critical-to-Quality (CTQ) factors for a successful phacoemulsification cataract surgery. The most frequently occurring complication was found to be iris atrophy. The process sigma level for the process was found to be 3.958. Keywords: Six Sigma; ophthalmology; phacoemulsification cataract surgery; complications JEL Classifications: I120; L15

The purpose of this study is to show how a public eye care center in Turkey initiated Six Sigma principles to reduce the number of complications encountered during and after phacoemulsification cataract surgeries. To analyze the 3-year data, main tools of Six Sigma’s Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control (DMAIC) improvement cycle such as SIPOC table, Fishbone Diagram and, Failure, Mode and Effect Analysis were implemented. Experience of the ophthalmic surgeon, patient’s anatomy, cooperation of patient during the surgery, sterilization and hygiene, attention of assistant surgeon, calibration of equipment and quality/chemical composition of intraocular material were identified to be Critical-to-Quality (CTQ) factors for a successful phacoemulsification cataract surgery. The most frequently occurring complication was found to be iris atrophy. The process sigma level for the process was found to be 3.958. Keywords: Six Sigma; ophthalmology; phacoemulsification cataract surgery; complications JEL Classifications: I120; L15

The purpose of this study is to show how a private eye care center in Turkey initiated Six Sigma principles to reduce the number of complications encountered during and after intravitreal injections. Data were collected for 30-months. To analyse the complications among 229 injections administered on 106 patients, main tools of Six Sigma’s Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control (DMAIC) improvement cycle such as SIPOC table, Fishbone Diagram and, Failure, Mode and Effect Analysis were implemented. Sources and root causes of seven types of complications were identified and reported. For a successful intravitreal injection, experience of the retina specialist, attention of the retina specialist and patient’s ocular pathology were determined to be the “critical few” factors whereas, sterilization and hygiene, dosage of drug/agent and chemical properties of drug/agent were found to be the “trivial many”factors. The most frequently occuring and the complication with the highest hazard score was found to be subconjunctival haemorrhage. The process sigma level of the process was measured to be 3.2657. The surgical team concluded that six of the complications (out of seven) should be significantly reduced by taking the necessary preventative measures. Keywords: Six Sigma; Ophthalmology; Intravitreal injections; Complications JEL Classifications: I120; L15

The purpose of this study is to show how a private eye care center in Turkey initiated Six Sigma principles to reduce the number of complications encountered during and after intravitreal injections. Data were collected for 30-months. To analyse the complications among 229 injections administered on 106 patients, main tools of Six Sigma’s Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control (DMAIC) improvement cycle such as SIPOC table, Fishbone Diagram and, Failure, Mode and Effect Analysis were implemented. Sources and root causes of seven types of complications were identified and reported. For a successful intravitreal injection, experience of the retina specialist, attention of the retina specialist and patient’s ocular pathology were determined to be the “critical few” factors whereas, sterilization and hygiene, dosage of drug/agent and chemical properties of drug/agent were found to be the “trivial many”factors. The most frequently occuring and the complication with the highest hazard score was found to be subconjunctival haemorrhage. The process sigma level of the process was measured to be 3.2657. The surgical team concluded that six of the complications (out of seven) should be significantly reduced by taking the necessary preventative measures. Keywords: Six Sigma; Ophthalmology; Intravitreal injections; Complications JEL Classifications: I120; L15

The purpose of this study is to show how a public eye care center in Turkey initiated Six Sigma principles to reduce the number of complications encountered during and after phacoemulsification cataract surgeries. To analyze the 3-year data, main tools of Six Sigma’s Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control (DMAIC) improvement cycle such as SIPOC table, Fishbone Diagram and, Failure, Mode and Effect Analysis were implemented. Experience of the ophthalmic surgeon, patient’s anatomy, cooperation of patient during the surgery, sterilization and hygiene, attention of assistant surgeon, calibration of equipment and quality/chemical composition of intraocular material were identified to be Critical-to-Quality (CTQ) factors for a successful phacoemulsification cataract surgery. The most frequently occurring complication was found to be iris atrophy. The process sigma level for the process was found to be 3.958. Keywords: Six Sigma; ophthalmology; phacoemulsification cataract surgery; complications JEL Classifications: I120; L15

The purpose of this study is to show how a private eye care center in Turkey developed a Six Sigma infrastructure to investigate the root causes of complications occuring during strabismus surgeries. To analyze the collected data, main tools of Six Sigma’s Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control (DMAIC) improvement cycle such as SIPOC table, Fishbone Diagram and, Failure, Mode and Effect Analysis were implemented. Patient’s eye anatomy, experience of the anesthesiologist, experience/attention of the strabismus surgeon was identified to be Critical-to-Quality (CTQ) factors for a successful strabismus surgery. The most frequent complications of strabismus surgeries were found to be X, Y and Z. The process sigma level was found to be 3.2025. Keywords: Six Sigma; ophthalmology; strabismus surgery; complications JEL Classifications: I120; L15

The purpose of this study is to show how a private eye care center in Turkey developed a Six Sigma infrastructure to investigate the root causes of complications occuring during LASIK surgeries. To analyze the collected data, main tools of Six Sigma’s Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control(DMAIC) improvement cycle such as SIPOC table, Fishbone Diagram and, Failure, Mode and Effect Analysis were implemented. Experience of the refractive surgeons, type of microkeratome and hygiene of microkeratome were identified to be Critical-to-Quality (CTQ) factors for a successful LASIK surgery. The most frequent complications of LASIK surgeries were found to be dry eye syndrome, subconjunctival haemorrhage and flap edge melt. The process sigma level was found to be 3.7135. Keywords: Six Sigma; ophthalmology; refractive surgery; complications JEL Classifications: I120; L15

The purpose of this study is to show how a private eye care center in Turkey developed a Six Sigma infrastructure to investigate the root causes of complications occuring during strabismus surgeries. To analyze the collected data, main tools of Six Sigma’s Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control (DMAIC) improvement cycle such as SIPOC table, Fishbone Diagram and, Failure, Mode and Effect Analysis were implemented. Patient’s eye anatomy, experience of the anesthesiologist, experience/attention of the strabismus surgeon was identified to be Critical-to-Quality (CTQ) factors for a successful strabismus surgery. The most frequent complications of strabismus surgeries were found to be X, Y and Z. The process sigma level was found to be 3.2025. Keywords: Six Sigma; ophthalmology; strabismus surgery; complications JEL Classifications: I120; L15

The purpose of this study is to show how a private eye care center in Turkey developed a Six Sigma infrastructure to investigate the root causes of complications occuring during LASIK surgeries. To analyze the collected data, main tools of Six Sigma’s Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control(DMAIC) improvement cycle such as SIPOC table, Fishbone Diagram and, Failure, Mode and Effect Analysis were implemented. Experience of the refractive surgeons, type of microkeratome and hygiene of microkeratome were identified to be Critical-to-Quality (CTQ) factors for a successful LASIK surgery. The most frequent complications of LASIK surgeries were found to be dry eye syndrome, subconjunctival haemorrhage and flap edge melt. The process sigma level was found to be 3.7135. Keywords: Six Sigma; ophthalmology; refractive surgery; complications JEL Classifications: I120; L15

The purpose of this study is to show how a private eye care center in Turkey developed a Six Sigma infrastructure to investigate the root causes of complications occuring during strabismus surgeries. To analyze the collected data, main tools of Six Sigma’s Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control (DMAIC) improvement cycle such as SIPOC table, Fishbone Diagram and, Failure, Mode and Effect Analysis were implemented. Patient’s eye anatomy, experience of the anesthesiologist, experience/attention of the strabismus surgeon was identified to be Critical-to-Quality (CTQ) factors for a successful strabismus surgery. The most frequent complications of strabismus surgeries were found to be X, Y and Z. The process sigma level was found to be 3.2025. Keywords: Six Sigma; ophthalmology; strabismus surgery; complications JEL Classifications: I120; L15

The purpose of this study is to show how a private eye care center in Turkey developed a Six Sigma infrastructure to investigate the root causes of complications occuring during LASIK surgeries. To analyze the collected data, main tools of Six Sigma’s Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control(DMAIC) improvement cycle such as SIPOC table, Fishbone Diagram and, Failure, Mode and Effect Analysis were implemented. Experience of the refractive surgeons, type of microkeratome and hygiene of microkeratome were identified to be Critical-to-Quality (CTQ) factors for a successful LASIK surgery. The most frequent complications of LASIK surgeries were found to be dry eye syndrome, subconjunctival haemorrhage and flap edge melt. The process sigma level was found to be 3.7135. Keywords: Six Sigma; ophthalmology; refractive surgery; complications JEL Classifications: I120; L15

The purpose of this study is to show how a tertiary care center in Turkey operating mainly in cardiology initiated Six Sigma principles to reduce the number of complications occuring during coronary stent insertion process. A Six Sigma’s Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control (DMAIC) model for coronary stent insertion is suggested. Data were collected for 24-months. Twenty-two Critical-to-Quality (CTQ) factors were identified for successful coronary stent insertion. The most frequent causes of complications in the process were found to be patients with previous bypass surgery or PCI, inexperience of staff members, highly damaged vessel structure, thin and/or long vessel diameter, inappropriate selection of stent type, inappropriate selection of balloon type and poor image quality. Keywords: Six Sigma; cardiology; stent insertion; complications JEL Classifications: I120; L15

This paper aims to investigate the Critical Success Factors (CSFs) for the successful introduction of Six Sigma in large-scale Turkish construction companies. A survey-based approach is used in order to identify and understand the current quality practices. CSFs and impeding factors are identified and analysed. Involvement and commitment of top management, linking quality initiatives to customer and linking quality initiatives to supplier are found to be the most important CSFs to the construction companies. Leadership and commitment of top management, cross-functional teamwork and commitment of middle managers are found to be the most CSFs for successful introduction of Six Sigma, whereas lack of knowledge of the system to initiate and complacency are found to be hindering its implementation. High costs and high amount of waste are found to lower the performance of Turkish construction companies. Keywords: Six Sigma; construction industry; large-scale companies; Turkey JEL Classifications: L15; L74

The purpose of this study is to show how a tertiary care center in Turkey operating mainly in cardiology initiated Six Sigma principles to reduce the number of complications occuring during coronary stent insertion process. A Six Sigma’s Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control (DMAIC) model for coronary stent insertion is suggested. Data were collected for 24-months. Twenty-two Critical-to-Quality (CTQ) factors were identified for successful coronary stent insertion. The most frequent causes of complications in the process were found to be patients with previous bypass surgery or PCI, inexperience of staff members, highly damaged vessel structure, thin and/or long vessel diameter, inappropriate selection of stent type, inappropriate selection of balloon type and poor image quality. Keywords: Six Sigma; cardiology; stent insertion; complications JEL Classifications: I120; L15

This paper aims to investigate the Critical Success Factors (CSFs) for the successful introduction of Six Sigma in large-scale Turkish construction companies. A survey-based approach is used in order to identify and understand the current quality practices. CSFs and impeding factors are identified and analysed. Involvement and commitment of top management, linking quality initiatives to customer and linking quality initiatives to supplier are found to be the most important CSFs to the construction companies. Leadership and commitment of top management, cross-functional teamwork and commitment of middle managers are found to be the most CSFs for successful introduction of Six Sigma, whereas lack of knowledge of the system to initiate and complacency are found to be hindering its implementation. High costs and high amount of waste are found to lower the performance of Turkish construction companies. Keywords: Six Sigma; construction industry; large-scale companies; Turkey JEL Classifications: L15; L74

This paper aims to investigate the Critical Success Factors (CSFs) for the successful introduction of Six Sigma in large-scale Turkish construction companies. A survey-based approach is used in order to identify and understand the current quality practices. CSFs and impeding factors are identified and analysed. Involvement and commitment of top management, linking quality initiatives to customer and linking quality initiatives to supplier are found to be the most important CSFs to the construction companies. Leadership and commitment of top management, cross-functional teamwork and commitment of middle managers are found to be the most CSFs for successful introduction of Six Sigma, whereas lack of knowledge of the system to initiate and complacency are found to be hindering its implementation. High costs and high amount of waste are found to lower the performance of Turkish construction companies. Keywords: Six Sigma; construction industry; large-scale companies; Turkey JEL Classifications: L15; L74

The purpose of this study is to show how a tertiary care center in Turkey operating mainly in cardiology initiated Six Sigma principles to reduce the number of complications occuring during coronary stent insertion process. A Six Sigma’s Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control (DMAIC) model for coronary stent insertion is suggested. Data were collected for 24-months. Twenty-two Critical-to-Quality (CTQ) factors were identified for successful coronary stent insertion. The most frequent causes of complications in the process were found to be patients with previous bypass surgery or PCI, inexperience of staff members, highly damaged vessel structure, thin and/or long vessel diameter, inappropriate selection of stent type, inappropriate selection of balloon type and poor image quality. Keywords: Six Sigma; cardiology; stent insertion; complications JEL Classifications: I120; L15