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Research aim: Corporate risk disclosure (CRD) has long been regarded as a focal point of corporate communication since adequate disclosure of risk information in the annual report may reduce investors’ uncertainty and assist investors to make sound investment decisions. However, previous reviews of CRD literature have tended to focus on developed economies which may have limited applicability in the emerging markets. The aim of this article is, therefore, to extend reviews of CRD literature to emerging economies. Design/ Methodology/ Approach: This paper concentrated on articles published in international peer-reviewed academic journals. Guided by the review methods recommended by Fink (2010) and Tranfield et al. (2003), a systematic review of the most relevant databases within social sciences was performed. Research findings: Valuable evidence emerge from the review. The authors found that most prior risk disclosure studies have focused on the developed economies and that similar research within the context of emerging countries remains under-represented. The literature review also suggests that CRD studies have mainly adopted content analysis to examine the scope of voluntary disclosure practices. The findings show that agency theory remains the most dominant theory to explain the managerial attitudes towards risk disclosure practices. More interestingly, the authors found that rather than solely relying on a single theory alone to explain the phenomenon of CRD, more studies are incorporating multiple theoretical lenses to examine CRD given the diverse nature of voluntary risk reporting. Theoretical contribution/ Originality: The paper adds to the limited number of systematic literature reviews relating to CRD in both developed and emerging economies. Practitioner/ Policy implication: By providing an important snapshot through an integrated and synthesised overview of the current body of knowledge in the field of CRD, the findings may generate new insights to regulatory bodies and standard setters to refine policies on voluntary disclosure practices, conduct more effective monitoring on the level of information transparency among listed companies. Keywords: Voluntary disclosure, Risk Reporting, Emerging economies, Theoretical Perspectives Type of article: Literature review JEL Classification: M40, M41, G30

The existence of budgetary slack permeates every level of private sector organisations. Employees (i.e., budget makers) usually request excessive budgetary resources in the budgeting process. Due to its dysfunctional nature, existing researchers had extensively examined the relationship between budgetary slack and employees’ performance. This study adopted a survey questionnaire approach to examine the relationship between determinants of psychological ownership and employees’ intention to create slack in budgeting. There were 475 budget makers from private sector organisations in the Klang Valley, Malaysia who participated in this study through a questionnaire survey. Preliminary data analysis was performed using normality, multi-collinearity, variance inflation index (VIF), common method variance, and reliability analysis. Multiple regression analysis was also applied to investigate the relationships of each dimension of employees’ psychological ownership on budgetary slack. This paper is considered a pioneer empirical study that investigates the determinants of psychological ownership on budgetary slack among budget makers from the psychological perspective in the context of private sector organisations in Malaysia, where slack activities in budgeting existed.

This study examines the relationship between the CSR of organizational structure and job characteristics that influence employee job performance in the Malaysian context. Hence, it is important to study and analyze these two factors within the CSR taxonomy describing how these factors significantly influence employee job performance and to make recommendations how performance can be promoted among employees. This paper is based on a quantitative research approach where responses were gathered from the working population within Malaysia SMEs. The results from this study will help to point out the influence of these factors on the employee job performance and provide guidance to an organization for which these aspects should be emphasized in order to increase employees’ job performance to align performance with organizational goals. The analysis includes two dimensions of CSR taxonomy of organizational structure namely, centralization and formalization, as well as a set of five dimensions of job characteristics, such as task identity, task significance, skill variety, autonomy and feedback. The results of these findings show that job characteristics such as task significance, autonomy, feedback, and skill variety, positively influence job performance with autonomy having highest predictive power on job performance. The results of these findings reveal that the organizational structure does not contribute to the prediction of job performance even though a significant positive correlation exists between the structure and job performance in the Pearson correlation coefficient test. Therefore, this study will enrich the existing knowledge in the area of human resource management by focusing on job performance management.

Effective communication within an organization as part of CSR benchmarking factor that helps align employee expectations facilitates problem solving, builds cooperative relationships and channels employee efforts to achieve common goals. This paper seeks to determine how CSR benchmarking factors of the organizational environment (such as management style, organizational structure and workplace culture) affect the effectiveness of intra-organizational communication and to examine the moderating effect of supervisor – subordinate guanxi. Data for the study was collected using self-administered questionnaires from working respondents in Kuala Lumpur in Selangor State, Malaysia. This study found that a more participative management style, less formalized organizational structure of SMEs and a healthier workplace culture are positively related to intra-organizational communication effectiveness. It was also discovered that the supervisor – subordinate relationship known as guanxi, has a positive moderating effect on all three relationships between management style, organizational structure and workplace culture with intra-organizational communication effectiveness. This study concludes that an organization’s management attitude towards employee participation, formalization of structure and healthiness of culture play important roles in encouraging effective communication and close supervisor – subordinate guanxi and further promotes communication, in addition to the mentioned environmental conditions.

This study proposes a conceptual review of how budgetary goals impact organizational performance. The aim of this study is to get a better understanding of the direct and indirect relationship between the organization’s decision-making process and operational performances. Setting the budget particularly influences subordinates’ budget goal levels and motivations (i.e., budget goal acceptance and budget goal commitment), which ultimately enhances the organization’s performance. To test these relationships, data were collected using the three perspectives approach: budgetary goal, budgetary participation and budgetary evaluation. The study provided evidence that perception of fairness mediates the relation between the levels of budget participation and goal commitment, whereas goal commitment mediates the relation between fairness perceptions and performance. At the end of the article, there are some implications for SMEs industries and some suggestions for future studies.

This article discusses the scope of managerial accounting research based on agency theory, that is, behavioural decision-making, the use of capital markets and what is called positive theory. The authors believe that management accounting representations are somewhat stable, and, therefore, allow accounting researchers to theorise the form and function of representations in the organisation from a wide variety of perspectives, such as organisation theory, social theory, and corporate and manufacturing strategies. In order to justify the above analysis, the authors refer to the way in which the structuration theory of Anthony Giddens, that has been employed by Macintosh & Scapens, argues that management accounting systems are interpretive schemes, facilities and norms used by management to make plans, take action and control others in an organisation.

This paper details the research process, which comprises epistemology, theoretical perspective and methodology. It provides an overall research process that discusses the epistemology of objectivism and theoretical perspective of positivism in management accounting research. There are many influences in management accounting research among which is positivism, even though it is considered as being under the direction of the sciences rather than the art of management. This epistemological anomaly and the methods used in management accounting research are not a simple problem that can be removed by the wave of a qualitative research magic wand to ignore the reality of quantitative evaluations in the management accounting field.

This study examines the relationship of management accounting budgetary activities impacting on firm’s performance. The purpose of this paper is to provide evidence on how budgetary goals influencing a firm’s performance outcomes, whether positively or negatively. The result also demonstrated that the improvement of the budgetary control system would be essential for obtaining an accurate budget. Therefore, it is possible that budget makers in firms are likely to provide decision-makers with a basis for measuring efficiency, identifying problems, and controlling costs. It also serves as a control tool for evaluating the performance of the members of an organization.

This study examines the relationship of management accounting budgetary activities impacting on firm’s performance. The purpose of this paper is to provide evidence on how budgetary goals influencing a firm’s performance outcomes, whether positively or negatively. The result also demonstrated that the improvement of the budgetary control system would be essential for obtaining an accurate budget. Therefore, it is possible that budget makers in firms are likely to provide decision-makers with a basis for measuring efficiency, identifying problems, and controlling costs. It also serves as a control tool for evaluating the performance of the members of an organization.