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Androgenic alopecia (AGA) has a high incidence. Excess dihydrotestosterone in blood capillaries, which is converted from testosterone by 5α-reductase, is an AGA causative factor. We identified the inhibitory activity of four Polygonum multiflorum compounds against 5α-reductase via high-performance liquid chromatography, and the results showed that Physcion was a potent 5α-reductase inhibitor. Additionally, we found that through inhibiting 5α-reductase expression, Physcion could shorten the time of dorsal skin darkening and hair growth, improve hair follicle morphology, and significantly increase hair follicle count. Eventually, through molecular docking study, we found the binding energy and molecular interactions between Physcion and 5α-reductase type II. These results suggested that Physcion is a potent 5α-reductase inhibitor, as well as a new natural medicine for treating AGA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polysaccharide derivatives have become the most attractive polymer candidates for the preparation of chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for efficient chromatographic enantioseparation due to their regular structure and high chiral recognition ability. However, the organic contents of traditional polysaccharide-based CSPs usually accounted for 20%, indicating that a big percentage of composition of the CSPs had no contribution to their enantioseparation powers. To resolve this bottleneck problem, four hybrid bead-type CSPs with organic contents of higher than 20% have been developed using cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamates) and tetraethyl orthosilicate by a modified Stöber process in basic conditions. The hybrid beads could be formed more efficiently in basic conditions without using surfactant than in acidic conditions. The preparation conditions significantly affected the organic contents and morphology of the hybrid CSPs. Their enantioseparation properties were then evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography. The obtained hybrid CSPs with higher organic contents exhibited better enantioseparation powers than those with lower organic contents and previous analogues derived from acidic conditions. For some chiral compounds, the hybrid CSPs exhibited even higher enantioselectivity than the commercial Chiralpak IB, which is also prepared from cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) and is considered as one of the most popular immobilized-type CSPs nowadays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For efficient enantioseparation, eight organic–inorganic hybrid bead-type chiral packing materials (CPMs) with high organic contents have been developed using cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamates) bearing small amount of 3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl groups and tetraethyl orthosilicate by a modified Stöber process in the basic condition. The hybrid beads could be formed more efficiently in the basic condition without using surfactant, compared to that in the acidic condition. The preparation conditions, including type and amount of catalyst, amount of water and temperature, significantly affected the organic contents and morphology of the hybrid CPMs. Their chiral recognition properties were then examined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The obtained hybrid CPMs with a higher organic content possessed better enantioseparation ability than the traditional CPMs and previous analogue derived from the acidic condition. For some racemates, the hybrid CPMs exhibited even higher enantioselectivity than the commercial Chiralpak IB N, which is one of the most powerful immobilized-type CPMs and prepared from cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To study the characteristics of serum metabonomics in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients diagnosed as phlegm or blood stasis pattern and explore effects of formula-pattern correspondence treatment.Methods: A total of 102 stable CHD patients were enrolled and divided into phlegm group (P group, n=52) and blood stasis group (BS group, n=50) according to pattern identifification. Gualou Xiebai Banxia Decoction (瓜蒌薤白半夏汤, GXBD) and Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction (血府逐瘀汤, XZD) were used as drug interventions. Relevant indicators of metabonomics were observed by ultra performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and pattern recognition.Results: Levels of amino acids and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in the CHD group were much higher than those in healthy control group, while the levels of unsaturated fatty acids, sphingosine, Lyso, phosphatidylcholine (PC) were signifificantly lower (P<0.01). Most of the differential metabolites between the CHD and the healthy groups were also common metabolites of phlegm and blood stasis. 7(Z), 10(Z)-hexadecadienoic acid and DPA were decreased in the P group and increased in the BS group. According to the quantity of retraced metabolites, improvement in metabonomics by formula-pattern correspondence was superior to that without correspondence in the BS group. Based on the varieties of metabolites, GXBD could improve the levels of docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), sphingomyelin (SM) (d34:1), and L-Lactic acid and XZD could ameliorate the levels of sphingosine and Vit E in the P group. In the BS group, GXBD could improve vitamin E level and XZD could make improvements in the levels of octadecanoic acid, phosphoglycerol, and SM (d34:1).Conclusions: Phlegm and blood stasis in CHD patients present specifific differential metabolites, and share common metabolites. Remarkable differences have been displayed in pathological properties and severity of phlegm and blood stasis. Patients with phlegm are more likely to have lipid metabolism disorders. However, in patients with blood stasis, problems mainly lie in glucose, protein and fat metabolism and the injury of vascular cell membrane is relatively severe. The metabolic disorder is more complicated in blood stasis pattern than that in phlegm pattern. Compared with non-correspondence, improvement of differential metabolites is more comprehensive and targeted in formulapattern correspondence with a better effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eighteen novel amylose derivatives bearing different phenylcarbamate substituents at 2,6- and 3-positions of a glucose ring were synthesized through the regioselective protection at 2- and 6-positions using a bulky trialkylsilyl chloride. Their chiral recognition abilities were then evaluated as the chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after coating them on the surface of macroporous silica gel. The chiral recognition abilities of these CSPs intricately depended on the nature, position and number of the substituents on the phenyl moieties. The introduction of substituents at meta -position of aromatic moieties at 2- and 6-positions of glucose unit was more attractive than other positions to improve the chiral recognition ability of these amylose derivatives. Each CSP seems to possess its own characteristic resolving power, and those based on amylose 3-(3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate) showed comparatively better chiral recognition than others. For some racemates, the amylose derivatives with different phenylcarbamate substituents at 2,6- and 3-positions exhibited higher enantioselectivity than the amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate), which is commercially available as Chiralpak AD, one of the most powerful CSPs. The structures of the obtained amylose derivatives were also investigated by circular dichroism spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) was coupled with linear ion trap quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry (LTQ-Orbitrap) and was used for the first time to systematically analyze the absorbed components and metabolites in rat plasma after oral administration of the water extract of Sarcandra glabra. This extract is a well-known Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of inflammation and immunity related diseases. The anti-inflammatory activities of the absorbed components were evaluated by measuring nitric oxide (NO) production and proinflammatory genes expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. As a result, 54 components in Sarcandra glabra were detected in dosed rat plasma, and 36 of them were positively identified. Moreover, 23 metabolites were characterized and their originations were traced. Furthermore, 20 of the 24 studied components showed anti-inflammatory activities. These results provide evidence that this method efficiency detected constituents in plasma based on the anti-inflammatory mechanism of multiple components and would be a useful technique for screening multiple targets for natural medicine research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: this paper was aimed to study the separation and purification of yeast glucose tolerance factor (GTF) and its effect on intracorporal glucose conversion of body builders. Methods: Yeast high-yield GTF was adopted in order to improve the detection sensitivity of chromium; in separation and purification process, the method high performance liquid chromatography- inductively coupled plasma- mass spectrometry/ atomic emission spectrometry (HPLC-ICPMS/ AES) was applied in microanalysis of the distribution of GTF; according to the analysis results, appropriate separation technique was selected for batch separation and purification; by comparing the blood indexes of fed mice, intracorporal glucose conversion of body builders could be deduced. Results: Chromium/ protein ratio of Peak 1 was much lower than that of Peak 2; Peak1 was micromolecular chromium-binding protein, while Peak 2 was micromolecular chromium-binding protein. N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis results of peak PP1 showed that amino acids in peak PP1 were probably connected with chromium by coordination bonds instead of peptide bonds. In addition, triglyceride and cholesterol level in blood decreased. Conclusion: Chromium-enriched yeast has an improvement effect on diabetes to some degree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ten novel xylan bisphenylcarbamate derivatives bearing meta- and para-substituents on their phenyl groups were synthesized and their abilities were evaluated as the chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for high-performance (HPLC) after coating them on macroporous silica. The abilities of these CSPs depended on the nature, position, and number of the substituents on the phenyl moieties. The introduction of an electron-donating group was more attractive than an electron-withdrawing group to improve the ability of the xylan phenylcarbamate derivatives. Among the CSPs discussed in this study, xylan bis(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate)-based CSP seems to possess the highest resolving power for many racemates, and the meta-substituted CSPs showed relatively better than the para-substituted ones. For some racemates, the xylan bis(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) derivative exhibited higher than the CSP based on cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate). Chirality 27:518-522, 2015 © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS) was first employed to establish the chromatographic fingerprint and thereby identify the major components of Yuanhu Zhitong tablet (YZT), a traditional Chinese medicine. Fingerprint was established by analyzing 15 different batches of YZT, in which we obtained 17 common peaks with 18 constituents. Fifteen components were identified in the fingerprint with reference to the standards and literature data, including protopine, α-allocryptopine, coptisine, tetrahydropalmatine, tetrahydroberberine, corydaline, palmatine, berberine, byakangelicol, dehydrocorydaline, oxypeucedanin, imperatorin, phelloptorin, isoimperatorin, and osthole. Each of these was separated by using a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18(2.1 × 50 mm, 1.7 µm) column with linear gradient elution of 0.2% formic acid water-acetonitrile. Meanwhile, the hierarchical cluster analysis was applied to evaluate the variation of the YZTs based on the characteristics of the common peaks in the UPLC/Q-TOF-MS profiles. This established method with high sensitivity and high speed may become a powerful tool for quality evaluation of YZT and related preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Synthesis and performance of novel hybrid bead-type chiral stationary phases. • Hybrid beads containing organic contents of higher than 30 wt%. • Prepared from cellulose derivative and tetraethyl orthosilicate by a sol–gel process. • Different surfactants influences morphology, organic contents and chiral recognition. • Higher enantioselectivity was exhibited on the obtained CSPs than Chiralpak IB. Due to the regular backbone structure and high chiral recognition ability, polysaccharide derivatives have become most attractive polymer-based candidates for preparation of chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for efficient enantioseparation. However, the traditional polysaccharide-based CSPs usually took up 20 wt% organic contents, implying that only a small proportion of the CSPs had favorable contribution to their enantioseparation properties. To break through this limitation, seven hybrid bead-type CSPs bearing organic components of higher than 30 wt% have been prepared from cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamates) (CDMPC) and tetraethyl orthosilicate by a sol–gel process. The influence of three types of surfactants on morphology, organic content and particle size of the hybrid bead-type CSPs was carefully investigated. Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), a cationic surfactant with a longer alkyl chain, seemed to be favorable to obtain the hybrid CSPs with a high yield and regular morphology. Then their enantioseparation performance was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The hybrid CSPs containing more organic components exhibited stronger enantioseparation power than those with lower organic contents and previous analogue CSP. For some chiral compounds, the hybrid bead-type CSPs exhibited higher enantioselectivity than Chiralpak IB, which is also prepared from CDMPC and one of the most attractive commercialized CSPs nowadays. A higher loading capacity shown by the hybrid CSPs is beneficial for efficient enantioseparation of chiral compounds, especially for preparative purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the effects of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and isomaltooligosaccharides (IMO) in simulated canine and feline gastrointestinal digestion, as well as on growth and metabolism of intestinal microorganisms in vitro. Changes in the composition of FOS and IMO before and after simulated canine and feline gastrointestinal digestion were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In vitro fermentation of intestinal microorganisms was conducted to assess strain growth, pH of the fermentation broth, and lactic acid content. The results revealed that IMO did not result in changes in the chemical composition in the juice of simulated canine and feline gastrointestinal digestion, while degradation of FOS was observed. Following simulated gastrointestinal digestion, the primary components of both FOS and IMO were identified as isomaltose. Furthermore, it was observed that FOS and IMO digested in the simulated canine and feline gastrointestinal fluid could be utilized by some intestinal microbes. The pH of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis fermentation system decreased significantly (P < 0.001), and the lactic acid content increased significantly (P < 0.001). Notably, the biomass of Escherichia coli (P < 0.01) and Clostridium perfringens (P < 0.001) increased, suggesting the importance of combining prebiotics and probiotics to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, in simulated intestinal fluid, FOS played a prebiotic role for both dogs and cats, while IMO played a more prominent prebiotic role for cats than dogs. These findings highlight that FOS and IMO could serve as potential prebiotics, each with varying degrees of utilization, thus offering valuable insights for the development of healthy foods for dogs and cats. • Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) have changed in simulated dog and cat gastric juice. • Isomaltooligosaccharides (IMO) were stable in simulated dog and cat gastric juice. • FOS and IMO could be utilized by gut microbes and produced lactic acid. • FOS and IMO had different prebiotic effects in simulated dog and cat digestion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]