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目的：近年，一般市民における一次救命処置（Basic Life Support: BLS）講習会は増加傾向にある．バイスタンダー（その場に居合わせた人）の役割は大きく，学生もバイスタンダーになり得る．そこで，学校における心肺蘇生教育の動向を概観し教育上の課題を明らかにし，今後のバイスタンダー育成指導のための一助とすることを目的に文献検索を行った．方法：検索には医中誌，CiNii を使用し，キーワードを中学生・高校生・大学生・心肺蘇生・教育とした．結果：検索結果は 39 件であった．中学生における教育課題は技術の習得，講習効果が行き届いていないことである．高校生の課題は，文献数が少なく把握は難しい状況であった．大学生の課題は，教育の定着と時間・金銭面などの状況による講習会参加のためらいである．また，教育者の質の確保も課題であった．考察：現状における CPR 教育は効果が得られているが，バイスタンダーを育成指導するためには教育課程に合った指導方法，および指導する側の教育環境，システムの整備が必要である．

The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in Child Care Education of Home Economics since 1945, by analyzing their descriptions in Course of Study. Authors made another attempt to clarify how "readiness for parenthood" had been recoemized in Child Care Education. The results were as follows; The changes in the descriptions in Child Care Education of Home Economics were classified into two stages; the first stage was from the latter half of 1940s to 1980s, and the second stage was from 1990s onward. In the first stage, Child Care Education was to encourage girl students to develop their "readiness for motherhood", growing their maternity. In the second stage, it changed to develop "readiness for parenthood" not only of girl students but also of boy students. On the other hand, this study clarified that in this period cultivating Students' interests to children had been considered as an important factor to develop "readiness for parenthood" of students.

Project Northland, an ongoing community trial aimed at reducing alcohol use and alcohol-related problems among adolescents, is nearing completion. The project combines individual-based strategies to encourage adolescents not to use alcohol with community-based strategies to both reduce alcohol availability and modify community attitudes concerning youth drinking. Project Northland has developed prevention programs and followed the same group of adolescents from sixth grade to high school graduation. This article discusses the rationale for this type of program, elements of the adolescents’ social environment targeted for change, the unique challenges of working with high school students compared with younger adolescents, and areas for future research.

Background Tobacco and alcohol use during adolescence have potential long term health consequences and a possibility of future addiction. Methods This cross sectional study took place in 2007 among a convenience sample of 981 adolescents from public elementary and high schools in Eastern Crete, Greece. Following parental consent, an anonymous structured questionnaire including information on personal and family use of alcohol and tobacco was distributed. Results Among the entire study population, cigarette experimentation was found to be associated with current alcohol use, with an Adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) of 38.8; (95%C.I: 5.33-58.2) and with having a smoker in the immediate family (aOR 10.3; 95%C.I: 3.14-34.0). Among the subset of elementary school children, cigarette smoking was strongly associated with current alcohol use aOR 9.7; (95%C.I: 2.12-44.3), while the association between smoking experimentation and sibling and parental alcohol use was statistically significant within the entire population (however not among elementary students) with an aOR of 2.76 (95%C.I: 1.24-6.15) and aOR 3.66, (95%C.I: 1.97-6.81) respectively. The elementary child’s gender was not found to be associated with cigarette experimentation among this study population. Conclusions Strong associations were found between alcohol use and tobacco experimentation. The potential parental influence on consequent adolescent tobacco and alcohol use was also noted. Potential community based interventions, if launched in Greece, should take the role of the Greek family into account.