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GECEM Project (ERC-Starting Grant), ref. 679371, under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, www.gecem.eu., www.gecem.eu, https://www.gecem.eu/publications/index.html, This paper introduces an innovative method applied to global (economic) history using the tools of digital humanities through the design and development of the GECEM Project Database (www.gecem.eu; www.gecemdatabase.eu). This novel database goes beyond the static Excel files frequently used by conventional scholarship in early modern history studies to mine new historical data through a bottom-up process and analyse the global circulation of goods, consumer behaviour, and trade networks in early modern China and Europe. Macau and Marseille, as strategic entrepôts for the redistribution of goods, serve as the main case study. This research is framed within a polycentric approach to analyse the connectivity of south Chinese and European markets with trade zones of Spain, France, South America, and the Pacific., GECEM Project (ERC-Starting Grant), ref. 679371, Horizon 2020, project hosted at UPO

Los estudios historiográficos sobre Luis Araquistáin giraron, en un principio, en torno a su trayectoria durante la II República, la Guerra Civil y el exilio. Intelectual autodidacta, periodista de renombre y figura destacada del PSOE de aquellos años, los posteriores trabajos han ido revelando un Araquistáin complejo y cambiante, manifestándose su evolución en sus obras precedentes y en los muchos artículos escritos en las distintas cabeceras para las que trabajó. Este artículo incide, precisamente, en sus colaboraciones en una de ellas, Hispania, una revista fundada por exiliados colombianos en Londres y no muy dilatada en el tiempo pero que, sin embargo, se convertiría en toda una referencia para la intelectualidad hispanohablante de su tiempo., Most scholars focused on Luis Araquistáin have mainly addressed his role in the Second Spanish Republic, Civil War, and in exile. Araquistáin was an influential journalist and one of the main figures of PSOE at that time. Following the analysis of his writings and publications in newspapers, new investigations have underlined Araquistáin complex thoughts and his volatile position. In this article, I will examine his collaborations in the journal Hispania, founded by Colombian exiles in London. In spite of Hispania was published during a short period of time, this journal would emerge as one of the main references for the Spanish-speaking intellectuals in that period.

A la hora de estudiar la correlación entre poder y opinión pública en los siglos xvii y muy especialmente el xviii, el caso británico resulta paradigmático por el uso estructurado de redes creadoras de opinión y la gran influencia de la prensa y otros medios escritos. Sin ánimo de exhaustividad, señalaremos algunos elementos destacados en relación al tratamiento dado en ella a la política exterior de Felipe V. Convertida en elemento de persuasión de primer nivel, no podemos entender la import...

Este libro pretende aportar una visión de conjunto de la política exterior española durante el reinado de Felipe V, entre 1713 y 1746, periodo en el que se consolidaron la dinastía borbónica en España y el sistema de equilibrio europeo forjado en la paz de Utrecht. Aborda este asunto crucial, que no había sido tratado de forma sistemática, mediante una visión global y multidimensional que pone de relieve los vínculos existentes entre política interior y exterior, a la vez que analiza el rol de la monarquía de España en el contexto europeo. Expone las líneas maestras de esta política exterior de los gobiernos de Felipe V, analiza tanto los objetivos que perseguía (territoriales, políticos y económicos) como la reacción que suscitó en Europa, y, finalmente, efectúa un balance de sus características y de sus logros. Dix-neuf chercheurs analysent les grandes lignes de la politique étrangère sous le règne de Philippe V à partir de trois blocs thématiques : la formulation d'une nouvelle politique étrangère visant à renverser les traités d'Utrecht et le développement diplomatique pour la mener à bien ; la réaction internationale au déploiement de la politique étrangère des Bourbons ; et l'impact de l'action étrangère de Philippe V, tant dans la sphère commerciale que dans la demande militaire.

Defence date: 24 June 2011 Examining Board: Bartolomé Yun-Casalilla, supervisor (European University Institute), Luca Molà (European University Institute), Jan De Vries (University of California at Berkeley), Gerard Chastagnaret (Université de Provence) How to focus the analysis of the birth of mass consumption society has been a scholarly obsession over the last few decades. This thesis suggests that an analytical approach must be taken in studies on consumption paying special attention to the socio-cultural and economic transfers which occur when different commodities are introduced to territories with diverse socio-cultural values and identities. Therefore one of the key questions of such an analysis is to examine the role of merchants, who have a very important influence on consumer decisions. This thesis describes the new necessities created by merchants, as “vicarious consumers”, inserted in local, national and international market circuits in the Western Mediterranean area. The increase in the consumption of new goods during the eighteenth century in south-eastern Spain, especially during the second half of the century, entailed changes in household economies through some improvements in everyday life. The systematic analysis of probate inventories demonstrates potential shifts in the consumption of new durable and semi-durable goods in urban and rural families. Certainly, in south-eastern Spain, there was an interest in consuming new, exotic and foreign goods. The desires, aspirations and choices of individuals are demonstrated to have been inspired by a global movement, in which human and material capital circulated trans-continentally, shifting the patterns of consumption of societies - whose values and traditions were challenged by the acquisition of new material goods. I will not simply analyse those relevant theories applied to material culture studies related to Occidental or Oriental societies, such as the “industrious revolution” or “trickle-down” approaches (which have been applied mostly in developed economies to explain stages prior to the Industrial Revolution process). Instead, by observing a southern European society, such as Spain, where the industrialization process was slower than that in Anglo-Saxon territories, we may determine whether both theories occurred simultaneously or separately; identify what the socio-economic forces and agents that prompted the stimulus for new consumer aspirations were; and understand the cultural consequences that the new modern consumerism brought about.

GECEM Project (ERC-Starting Grant), ref. 679371, under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, www.gecem.eu., One of the sources that allow us to analyse certain consumption patterns are trade balances. These documents are especially relevant in the case of island colonies, such as Cuba, that depended on the outside world for many kinds of supplies, not just the basic ones. Despite their limitations, data on imported goods from Havana's balance of trade at the dawn of the nineteenth century allow us to examine the consumer goods that were most in demand in Cuba at that time. This essay uses that information to emphasise the relationship between colony and metropole in terms of material culture, with a particular focus on the core items of food, clothing and household goods. Overall, patterns of consumption reflect patterns of production and imports., GECEM Project (ERC-Starting Grant), ref. 679371, Horizon 2020, project hosted at UPO

GECEM Project (ERC-Starting Grant), ref. 679371, under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, www.gecem.eu., In the eighteenth century, all European colonial empires undertook the task of institutionalising their postal systems. Within the framework of the Bourbon reforms, the Spanish monarchy embarked upon reforming the postal system within the Spanish America with the aim of making transatlantic communications more reliable and regular. These plans, however, were hampered by an ongoing power struggle between all agents with a stake in the circulation of information. This is clearly reflected in the postal office in Cartagena de Indias, which was a key node for the Crown and a point of confluence for the strategies and interests of different local and global powers; the office, therefore, represented the polyhedric reality of postal communication. This paper shows that the institution had its own agency by constituting one of the main power tools, which is a reflection of the close relationship that exists between empire and communication., GECEM Project (ERC-Starting Grant), ref. 679371, Horizon 2020, project hosted at UPO

Se explora el impacto de las mercancías asiáticas en el Rio de la Plata a partir de la navegación de dos fragatas de la Real Compañía de Filipinas, que forzadas por el conflicto marítimo angloespañol recalan en el estuario rioplatense. A partir del examen de valores y características de la carga del ¿comercio de pacotilla¿, se analiza la distribución de los efectos de China, Filipinas y particularmente de la India, en la cuenca portuaria, el Interior del virreinato y sus conexiones con el espacio altoperuano, transandino y del Litoral. El episodio permite advertir la distribución de la oferta de mercancías, a los actores de este tráfico y evaluar el papel de la compañía en el mercado global de efectos asiáticos., GECEM Project (ERC-Starting Grant), ref. 679371, Horizon 2020, project hosted at UPO

The present paper intends to contribute with new information to a reconstruction of the Sephardic presence in the Macao-Manila commercial network. For this purpose, in the first place, we intend to trace the profile of the Judaeo-converso merchants arriving in China and the Philippines and to reconstruct the commercial networks to which they belonged during the 16th and early 17th centuries., GECEM Project (ERC-Starting Grant), ref. 679371, Horizon 2020, project hosted at UPO

GECEM Project (ERC-Starting Grant), ref. 679371, under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, www.gecem.eu., In 1648, a Portuguese ship that left Macau sank off the coast of the Philippines. The local authorities in Manila confiscated and sold all of its goods. This led to a dispute with the Jesuits, who claimed a certain amount of musk belonging to the Vice Province of China, the sale of which would support their religious mission. This article offers an analysis of this event, focusing on the dispute between the mentioned parties, but also as an example of the complex global networks of goods exchanges and economic interests in these regions of Southeast Asia in the middle of the seventeenth century., GECEM Project (ERC-Starting Grant), ref. 679371, Horizon 2020, project hosted at UPO

New global history studies have provided theoretical models related to different paths of economic growth and consumer behaviour between East Asia (mainly China and Japan) and Europe during the period of the first industrialisation. However, more research challenging the Eurocentric views of the origins of globalisation is needed. In this article, I examine the exchanges of Chinese silks and porcelains and European wines and liquors for American silver through the Swedish Grill Company. This company had extensive business activities in Canton and Macao establishing strategic links and intermediation with other relevant companies from China, Manila, Seville and Marseille. On the global level, such exchanges played a crucial role for the accumulation of American silver in China during the Qing dynasty, and the outflows of Chinese goods to the Americas and Europe fostered market integration and globalisation that occurred earlier than 1820., GECEM Project (ERC-Starting Grant), ref. 679371, Horizon 2020, project hosted at UPO

This monographic issue of the RHE-JILAEH presents new case studies in order to compare regions of Asia, Europe and the Americas through analysis of global demand for western goods in China (goods of European and American origin) as well as demand eastern goods (of Chinese and Indian origin) in Europe and the Americas. The global circulation of goods included accumulation of American silver in the hands of Chinese merchants and private institutions. Thus, this issue re-evaluates origins of the first globalisation during the 16th century, as opposed to the 1820s. Global trade networks and long-distance alliances in Asia, the Americas and Europe date back to the 16th century when Manila galleon routes were established., GECEM Project (ERC-Starting Grant), ref. 679371, Horizon 2020, project hosted at UPO

The important role of Chinese demand for silver in stimulating worldwide silver-mining and shaping the first truly global trading system has become commonly recognised in the world history scholarship. The commercial dynamism of China during the 16th-19th centuries was integrally related to the importation of foreign silver, initially from Japan but principally from Latin America. Yet the significance of imports of Latin American silver for the Chinese economy changed substantially over these three centuries in tandem with the rhythms of China's domestic economy as well as the global trading system. This article traces these changes, including the adoption of a new standard money of account¿the yuan¿derived from the Spanish silver peso coin., GECEM Project (ERC-Starting Grant), ref. 679371, Horizon 2020, project hosted at UPO

This article focuses on the translations of two well-known Troubles novels, Robert McLiam Wilson’s Eureka Street and Colin Bateman’s Divorcing Jack. Emerging from and reflecting the violent conflict which has blighted Northern Ireland, these books are very difficult to translate. The translators not only face the challenge of transposing local voices and concepts into a different cultural environment, they also have to deal with the particularly dark Northern Irish humour generated by such conflict. Not every translator, of course, has the opportunity to experience Northern Irish society at first hand, and a lack of local knowledge is often evident in their work. Dwelling on a number of examples, I set out to analyse the choices made by the different translators and explain the reasons why they might have opted for a specific translation in order to carry a specific local discourse across.

This article provides an initial (partial) estimate of silver quantities held within China around mid-18th century, utilising archival evidence related to wealth confiscations. Better future estimates for overall Chinese silver holdings could also facilitate more accurate estimation of Chinese silver (legal plus illegal) imports. Similar analyses for other world regions could eventually yield estimates for global silver stock holdings, useful in turn for improving global silver mining and trade flow estimates. Extensive contraband silver mining and silver trade are known to have escaped official recordation, by definition. If methodologies suggested herein prove successful, then parallel non-silver-trade-good estimates could follow. Current exclusive focus upon production and trade flows should be reevaluated in the context of linkages with accumulations of goods (wealth components). Economic history could someday provide a prominent stage for the historical study of wealth holdings, thereby furnishing context for increasing wealth concentrations observable worldwide today., GECEM Project (ERC-Starting Grant), ref. 679371, Horizon 2020, project hosted at UPO