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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) poses a medical, social, and economic problem. In Romania since 2002, the prevention of HIV transmission and the care for HIV-positive people have been overseen by Governmental Law. HIV infection in Romania has some particularities, such as the high number of HIVinfected patients under treatment and the high percentage of long-term survivors. Romania reported its first case of AIDS to the World Health Organization in 1985, and its first case in the pediatric population in 1989. A year later, a new case definition, based on local possibilities was formulated together with the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, Atlanta, GA). According to the latest report of the Compartment for Monitoring and Evaluation of HIV/AIDS in Romania, the cumulative number of HIV cases registered between 1985-2021 was 26,171, while the number of people living with HIV at the end of December 2021 was 17,271. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the literature, there are few publications which present data related to the infections of the urinary tract infections (UTI) of the patients who suffer from HiV/AIDS, although they represent an important cause which causes the death of these patients. The prevalence of the etiological agents differs according to the studied area. The urological complications in the case of HIV/ AIDS patients are often the result of a bacterial, parasitic, viral or fungal infections. The antiretroviral therapy increases the life span but, at the same time, it represents a favourable factor for infections, for exam pie, through the urolithiasis which they can produce. We set ourselves to review aspects related to UTI at this group of patients, having as a future objective the evaluation of this correlation in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, more than 50% of HIV infected people are women. HIV infection in women has its particularities, especially because of pregnancy and because of the adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy. Heterosexual contact is the most frequent way of HIV transmission in women. Some gynecological infections like vaginal candidiasis seem to be more persistent and more severe as compared to uninfected female patients. Also, HIV infected women have a higher risk for cervical dysplasia and cancer as compared to uninfected women. The risk of mother-to-child transmission of the virus has dropped significantly in the last decades because of the implementation of routine HIV screening testing in pregnancy, counseling regarding prevention and the large access to antiretroviral treatment. Today, because of the diversity of the therapeutic options and using good prophylactic measures, HIV infected women can have a normal life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite significant advances in antiretroviral treatment (ARV) and HIV infection prevention, about 400 children worldwide are still diagnosed daily with HIV infection, most cases due to perinatal transmission. It is estimated that the knowledge and rigorous application of prophylactic measures to reduce the vertical transmission of infection would significantly reduce this risk to less than 1%. We report the case of a 5 months old infant coming from a pregnancy with HIV risk and multiple risk factors for transmission of the vertical infection, who did not receive postnatal testing and treatment. The diagnosis was established during infancy, falling into the AIDS stage by cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease with retinal sequelae occlusion. ARV treatment was initiated late, but from the moment of diagnosis, requiring further changes due to drug interactions, lack of availability and resistance to TARV. Although the patient’s progression was marked by severe comorbidities: sequelae of CMV disease, mixed HIV and CMV encephalopathy, pulmonary tuberculosis, repetitive respiratory and digestive opportunistic infections, the evolution of immunological parameters was slowly favorable under treatment. Proper implementation of prophylactic measures in the newborn and the pregnant woman could have significantly reduced the risk of HIV transmission to the patient, with a high probability that she would not have been infected. The case reported reflects the failure of strategies to prevent HIV / AIDS infection in pregnant women and newborns; conclusions must be drawn to avoid similar situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection continues to be an important public health issue. Immunosuppression is responsible for the development of much comorbidity among HIV-infected patients. Of these, malignancies play an important role in the prognosis of the disease. Cancers diagnosed in HIV-infected patients can be divided into two main categories: AIDS-defining cancers and non-AIDS-defining cancers. In the second category, skin cancers represent an important subgroup, the most common being basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]