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Glavni cilj ovog diplomskog rada bio je usporediti recentne dravske sedimente sa sedimentima na lokalitetu Novigrad Podravski te im utvrditi porijeklo. U tu je svrhu obiđen i snimljen teren, uzorkovani su šljunci i pijesci te su napravljene granulometrijska i petrografska analiza te analiza teške mineralne frakcije. Rezultati petrografske analize i analize teških minerala ukazuju da porijeklo recentnih sedimenata rijeke Drave i četvrte dravske terase (pleistocen) odgovara geologiji istočnih Alpa koje su građene od neoproterozojskih i fanerozojskih metamorfnih stijena. Sastav valutica ukazuje i na prisutnost vulkanskih stijena u izvorišnom području. Ne isključuje se mogućnost da je dio materijala četvrte dravske terase pretaložen s okolnih gora čije je uzdizanje započelo u pliocenu, što je potkrijepljeno većom zrelošću teške frakcije te povećanim udjelima epidota, cirkona, rutila i turmalina u pojedinim uzorcima. The main goal of this Thesis was to compare recent Drava river sediments with sediments of Novigrad Podravski and determine their provenance. For that purpose river and excavation sites were visited and surveyed where gravel and sand were sampled. This was followed granulometric, petrographic and quantitative heavy mineral analysis. Results show that the recent Drava river sediments and the 4th Drava river terrace (Pleistocen) to some degree have similar characteristics, and are ultimately derived from a common source area in the Eastern Alps largely built of neoproterozoic and phanerozoic metamorphic rocks. Composition of pebbles indicates the presence of volcanic rocks in the source area. It is not not excluded that a part of 4th Drava river terrace sediments represent redeposited material from surrounding hills and mountains uplifted since the Pliocen, which is substantiated by the maturity of THM fraction and increased proportions of epidot group minerals, zircon, rutile and tourmaline in some specimens.

The results of a comprehensive study of submerged paleoenvironments developed along the karstified eastern Adriatic coast during the Late Quaternary are presented in this study. The Losinj Channel is a drowned karst basin filled with sediments. A multi-proxy analysis of two sediment cores (LK-12 and LK-15) recovered from water depths of 62 and 64 m was conducted. We used magnetic susceptibility, grain size, mineralogy, XRF core scanning, organic and inorganic carbon, total nitrogen, and paleontological data, supplemented with AMS 14C dating results and high-resolution seismic data, to reconstruct the infill history of the Losinj basin during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. Our findings include the first detailed description of the presumed Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5a marine sediment succession along the eastern Adriatic coast. Deposition in the brackish-to-freshwater lacustrine body (Losinj paleolake) occurred during MIS 3. Sea level lowstand that followed caused the formation of environmental conditions typical of a karst polje. The post-Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) sea level rise led to the establishment of a brackish marine lake with seawater seepage through the karstified sill at 13.7 cal kyr B.P. The transition to the present-day marine conditions commenced at 10.5 cal kyr B.P. Paleoenvironmental changes in the investigated area can be linked to the presence of a sill at −50 m depth that separates the Losinj basin from the Kvarneric Bay. The sill depth determines the isolation or inundation of the investigated basin in response to the changes in sea level. Paleoenvironments reacted sensitively to these changes, and therefore, the study area represents an ideal setting to track regional sea level and climate variabilty.

Na četiri sedimentne jezgre uzorkovane u sjevernom dijelu otoka Mljeta napravljene su paleookolišne i paleoklimatske rekonstrukcije. Razvoj taložnih okoliša prostora današnjeg Velikog jezera i uvale Stupa rekonstruiran je temeljem mineraloških, kemijskih i strukturnih obilježja sedimenta. Promjene su smještene u vremenski okvir temeljem starosti dobivenih analizom radioaktivnog ugljika, ali i upotrebom tefrokornologije. Ukupno je pronađeno 13 tefri, 9 ih je analizirano od kojih je 5 povezano s već opisanim erupcijama. Dvije tefre su nove, po prvi puta opisane erupcije Vezuva. Dobiveni podaci interpretirani su u skladu s njihovom kompozitnom prirodom. Razvoj taložnih prostora vezan je uz rast morske razine. Sedimentacija jezerskog sedimenta na prostoru Velikog jezera započinje prije otprilike 10.6 cal ka BP, jezerski sediment taložen je do prije 2.4 cal ka BP kada je intrudiralo more. U uvali Stupa jezerski sediment se počinje taložiti prije 11.5 cal ka BP i taloži se sljedećih 1.8 ka, kada u uvalu ulazi more. The four sedimentary cores sampled in the northern part of the island of Mljet were used for paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic reconstructions. The development of the paleoenvironment of the today's Veliko jezero and Stupa Bay area is reconstructed on the basis of mineralogical, chemical and structural features of the sediment. The time frame of changes is based on age obtained by analyzing radioactive carbon, but also by using tephrochronology. Thirteen tefphras were found in total, 9 were analyzed, of which 5 were correlated to the known eruptions. Two tephras are newly described Vesuvius eruptions. The obtained data is interpreted in accordance with their compositional nature. The development of sedimentation environments is linked to the sea level rise. Sedimentation of the lake sediment in the Veliko jezero area begins around 10.6 cal ka BP and it continius until before 2.4 cal ka BP when sea intruded. In the Stupa bay, the lake sedimentation starts before 11.5 cal ka BP and it lasts for 1.8 ka, until sea intrusion.

Foraminiferska analiza provedena je na šest jezgri duljine od 7,5 do 13 m izvađenih iz deltne ravnice rijeke Mirne. Za mikropaleontološku analizu primijenjen je FOBIMO protokol. U svim jezgrama određeni su apsolutni broj foraminifera, relativni postotak i indeksi bioraznolikosti (Shannonov, indeks dominacije, Simpsonov, Berger-Parkerov i Fisher α). Najplići dijelovi jezgara ne sadrže foraminifere. Najdominantnije vrste u dubljim intervalima pripadaju rodovima Ammonia, Haynesina i Porosononion. U dubljim intervalima, smanjuje se njihova zastupljenost i pojavljuju se jedinke roda Elphidium te miliolida. Povećanjem dubine, marinski utjecaj u jezgrama se povećava i indeksi bioraznolikosti pokazuju sve manju dominaciju pojedinih rodova. Prema zastupljenosti navedenih rodova i varijacija u indeksima bioraznolikosti, prepoznati su slijedeći taložni okoliši: aluvijalni okoliši, brakični okoliši (močvare/lagune), unutrašnji estuariji, središnji i vanjski estuariji. Promjena vertikalnih taložnih okoliša zbog horizontalnog pomaka rijeke ukazuje na progradaciju tijekom holocena. Foraminiferal analysis was carried out on six cores down to the depth from 7.5 to 13 m. from the Mirna River deltaic plain. FOBIMO protocol was used for micropaleontological analysis. For all cores absolute abundance, relative abundance and biodiversity indices (Shannon, Dominance, Simpson, Berger-Parker and Fisher's alpha) were calculated. Foraminifera in the shallowest intervals are completely lacking. In the deeper intervals dominant species belong to Ammonia, Haynesina and Porosononion genus. In deeper intervals, their abundance is reduced and individuals belonging to Elphidium genus and miliolids start to appear. Marine influence became more pronounced with depth and biodiversity indices have shown a decreasing dominance of certain genera. According to the abundance of said genera and variation of biodiversity indices, the following depositional environments were suggested: alluvial environments, brackish environments (marshes/lagoons), inner estuaries, central and outer estuaries. Changes in vertical depositional environments caused by horizontal river movement indicate progradation during Holocene.

Kvartarni period obilježen je izrazitim klimatskim oscilacijama. Izmjene glacijala i interglacijala, odnosno stadijala i interstadijala uzrokova le su nagle promjene u okolišu, a time i u sastavu životinjskih zajednica. U radu su predstavljeni rezultati detaljnih paleoekoloških i tafonomskih analiza ptičjih ostataka s četiriju špiljskih nalazišta na istočnoj jadranskoj obali koja su bogata ptičjim ostatcima i čije su naslage datirane u gornji pleistocen i/ili holocen (MIS 3 1). To su sljedeći lokaliteti: Marlera I, Šandalja II i Ljubićeva pećina u južnoj Istri te Vela spila na otoku Korčuli. Rezultati su interpretirani u vremenskom i prostornom ok viru : uspoređena je fosilna ptičja fauna iz istovremenih naslaga istraženih nalazišta smještenih na suprotnim krajevima Jadrana (sjeverozapadni i jugoistočni dio) te je uspoređena ukupna istražena avifauna različite starosti: MIS 3, MIS 2 i MIS 1. Iako se većina determiniranih vrsta može i danas vidjeti na istočnoj jadranskoj obali, u gornjopleistocenskoj avifauni prisutni s u arktički i sibirski faunistički elementi koji danas žive na sjeveru Europe ili u planinama. Holocenska avifauna sastojala se od vrsta koje i danas obitavaju na jadranskoj obali. Na svim su nalazištima primarni faktori akumulacije biogeni: mali grabežljivci, ptice grabljivice i/ili ljudi. Može se zaključiti da je tijekom gornjega pleistocena i početkom holocena jadranska obala obilovala različitim staništima te je bila pogodna za život raznovrsnim pticama. The Quaternary period is characterized by dramatic climate changes. Glacial - interglacial cycles as well as stadials and interstadials caused abrupt environmental changes that affected faunal communities and changed their compo sition. To make better our understanding of spatial and temporal environmental, as well as cultural changes, a vifaunal remains from four Late Pleistocene to Holocene (MIS 3 MIS 1) palaeontological and archaeological sites on the eastern Adriatic coast ar e taxonomically and taphonomically examined: Marlera I (NISP=100), Šandalja II (NISP=1936), Ljubićeva pećina (NISP=336), and Vela spila (NISP=601). The results are palaeoenviromentally, palaeoecologically and archaeozoologically interpreted. The Late Pleis tocene avifauna contained Arctic faunal elements, but the majority of the taxa can be found on the eastern Adriatic coast today. Early Holocene avifauna consisted of extant bird taxa of the eastern Adriatic coast, whether present as seasonal migrants or ye ar - round residents. Different taphonomic agents accumulated the bird bones, and bone surface modifications show that birds of prey, small carnivores, and humans helped accumulate these remains. Avifaunal assemblages from the eastern Adriatic coast indicate that a mosaic of habitats was present during the Late Pleistocene and beginning of the Holocene and that the Adriatic Plain supported a diverse and rich biome.

Jezerski sedimenti rezultat su donosa materijala iz sliva i jezerske produktivnosti. Promjene u sedimentaciji mogu biti uzrokovane naglim preokretima u klimatskim uvjetima, kao i ljudskom aktivnošću. Jezerski sedimenti, jednom zakopani na dnu jezera, idealan su medij za očuvanje takvih promjena. Paleolimnološka istraživanja na jezerskim sedimentima istočno jadranske obale (Vransko jezero na Cresu, Bokanjačko blato, Vransko jezero kod Biograda i Baćinska jezera-Crniševo) omogućila su praćenje paleookolišnih uvjeta od kasnog pleistocena do danas. Uzorkovanje jezgri sedimenata rezolucijom od 1 cm, duljine 440, 780, 1101 i 840 cm, te precizno datiranje pomoću AMS 14C pružilo je uvid u procese taloženja, izvor materijala, uvjeta u jezerskoj vodi i produktivnosti jezera, na temelju provedenih mineraloških, geokemijskih, granulometrijskih, palinoloških analiza te analiza magnetskog susceptibiliteta i spektralne analize boje. Analizirana jezera su karbonatna jezera, potopljena krška polja, u kojima prevladava karbonatna sedimentacija, isprekidana sa siliciklastičnim donosom materijala iz sliva. Mineralni sastav jezerskih sedimenata uglavnom je reguliran tim procesima te ovisi o mineralnom sastavu slivnog područja i klimatskim faktorima, koji utječu na vrstu trošenja. Minerali glina rijetko su primarni indikatori klimatskih promjena, te je bilo nužno koristiti multidisciplinaran pristup gdje su minerali glina uspoređeni s rezultatima geokemijskih, granulometrijskih i palinoloških analiza. Rekonstrukcije paleookolišnih uvjeta kroz kasni pleistocen i holocen napravljene su za svako jezero te su se utvrdile promjene povezane s klimatskom dinamikom mediteranskog područja i promjenama razine Jadranskog mora. Lake sediments are the result of the input material from the catchment and lake productivity. Changes in sedimentation can be caused by abrupt climate changes, as well as human activity. Lacustrine sediments, once buried on the bottom of the lake, are an ideal medium for the preservation of such changes. Paleolimnological recearch on lake sediments on the eastern Adriatic coast (Lake Vrana on the Island Cres, Bokanjačko blato, Lake Vrana near Biograd and Lake BaćinaCrniševo) enabled tracking paleoenvironmental conditions from the late Pleistocene until present. High sediment sampling resolution (1 cm) of the cores 440, 780, 1101 and 840 cm in length, respectively, and precise dating using AMS 14C has provided us insight into the depositional processes, sediment source, water column conditions and lake productivity, based on mineralogical, geochemical, grain size, playnological, magnetic susceptibility and color reflectance analysis. Lakes represent typical karst lakes, polje filled with water, and are dominated by carbonate sedimentation, with periodic siliciclastic input. Mineral composition is mainly determined by these processes and depends on the mineral composition of the catchment and the climatic factors, i.e. physical or chemical weathering. Clay minerals alone rarely provide primary evidence of climate change and the best approach is the multidisciplinary one where evidence from clays is compared with that from the palynological and geochemical data. The dissertation presents four lacustrine palaeoenvironmental reconstructions that show evidence for Holocene climate changes associated with Mediterraenan climayte dynamics and Adriatic Sea level changes.