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We experimentally implemented and proved the concept of multiplexing and demultiplexing in digital images using virtual phase conjugation, which was proposed in our previous study. In the experiment, we concluded that two digital images multiplexed in a single signal beam are recorded in a holographic medium, and these images are independently and successfully reproduced. In this method, the digital images are multiplexed by superimposing them on a complex amplitude, and not using volume hologram’s multiplexing. Thus, the exposure amount in the holographic medium is constant regardless of the number of multiplexing of digital images, and the method has great potential for achieving high recording density.

We propose a two-channel holographic diversity interferometer (2ch-HDI) system for single-shot and highly accurate measurements of complex amplitude fields with a simple optical setup. In this method, two phase-shifted interference patterns are generated, without requiring a phase-shifting device, by entering a circularly polarized reference beam into a polarizing beam splitter, and the resulting patterns are captured simultaneously using two image sensors. However, differences in the intensity distributions of the two image sensors may lead to serious measurement errors. Thus, we also develop a two-channel algorithm optimized for the 2ch-HDI to compensate for these differences. Simulation results show that this algorithm can compensate for such differences in the intensity distributions in the two image sensors. Experimental results confirm that the combination of the 2ch-HDI and the calculation algorithm significantly enhances measurement accuracy.

The 3D shift multiplexing method for high-density self-referential holographic data storage is proposed. As the fundamental evaluations of the proposed method, we focus on the multiplexing properties along the z-axis. Concretely, we demonstrate the z-shift multiplexing of 25 datapages after clarifying the shift selectivity along the z-axis.

Two methods are proposed to improve the readout quality of signals in self-referential holographic data storage (SR-HDS), in which no reference beam is required to record and read digital data holographically: the off-the-focus (OtF) method and the oversampling additional pattern (OsAP) method. The focal point is located outside of the recording medium in the OtF method, and the signal pattern is recorded with an additional pattern that possesses a higher spatial frequency than the signal pattern in the OsAP method. Experimental results show that both methods are effective for drastically improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In addition, through numerical simulation, it can be observed that the readout quality is improved by the achievement of homogeneous hologram distribution.

The feasibility and the properties of shift-multiplexed self-referential holographic data storage (SR-HDS) were investigated. Although SR-HDS has attractive features as typified by referenceless holographic recording, its multiplexing properties, which are consummately important for holographic data storage, have not been clarified until now. The results of numerical and experimental evaluations of medium shift dependence in SR-HDS clarified that the shift selectivity is almost the same as in collinear holography. Furthermore, 25 datapages were successfully shift-multiplexed with the shift pitch of 8.3 μm by the numerical simulation.

A three-dimensional (3D) shift multiplexing technique is applied to increase the number of multiplexed datapages in self-referential holographic data storage (SR-HDS), enabling holographic recording with purely one-beam geometry. In the 3D shift multiplexing technique, the recording medium is shifted not only along the x- and y-axes but also along the z-axis to multiplex the datapages. Because the shift directions in the 3D shift multiplexing technique are expanded compared with the conventional 2D technique, the number of multiplexed datapages is expected to be increased. We numerically clarify the appropriate 3D recording layout of holograms in which the effect of the inter-page crosstalk can be reduced after showing that datapages are multiplexed on shifting the recording medium along the z-axis. The results show 3D shift multiplexing can effectively realize high-density SR-HDS when appropriately designed layouts are used.

A double-referential method, in which the reference light necessary for phase detection can be generated as diffraction light of the optical hologram automatically, is newly proposed. 16-SQAM signals can be reconstructed through dual-stage holography.

A self-referential holographic recording geometry, in which signal beam works as reference beam for recording of itself, having many attractive advantages is newly proposed. The purely one-beam holographic operation is performed by simulation and experiment.

We propose a spatial cross modulation method using a random diffuser and a phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM), by which arbitrary complex-amplitude fields can be generated with higher spatial resolution and diffraction efficiency than off-axis and double-phase computer-generated holograms. Our method encodes the original complex object as a phase-only diffusion image by scattering the complex object using a random diffuser. In addition, all incoming light to the SLM is consumed for a single diffraction order, making a diffraction efficiency of more than 90% possible. This method can be applied for holographic data storage, three-dimensional displays, and other such applications.

We proposed a double-referential holography (DRH) that allows phase-detection without external additional beams. In the DRH, phantom beams, prepared in the same optical path as signal beams and preliminary multiplexed in a recording medium along with the signal, are used to produce interference fringes on an imager for converting a phase into an intensity distribution. The DRH enables stable and high-accuracy phase detection independent of the fluctuations and vibrations of the optical system owing to medium shift and temperature variation. Besides, the collinear arrangement of the signal and phantom beams leads to the compactness of the optical data storage system. We conducted an experiment using binary phase modulation signals for verifying the DRH operation. In addition, 38-level spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signals were successfully reproduced with the DRH by numerical simulation. Furthermore, we verified that the distributed phase-shifting method moderates the dynamic range consumption for the exposure of phantom beams.

Holographic recording methods require the use of a reference beam that is coherent with the signal beam carrying the information to be recorded. In this paper, we propose self-referential holography (SRH) for holographic recording without the use of a reference beam. SRH can realize purely one-beam holographic recording by considering the signal beam itself as the reference beam. The readout process in SRH is based on energy transfer by inter-pixel interference in holographic diffraction, which depends on the spatial phase difference between the recorded phase and the readout phase. The phase-modulated recorded signal is converted into an intensity-modulated beam that can be easily detected using a conventional image sensor. SRH can be used effectively for holographic data storage and phase-to-intensity conversion. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America

This study proposes holographic diversity interferometry (HDI), a system that combines information from spatially dispersed plural image sensors to reconstruct complex amplitude distributions of light signals. HDI can be used to generate four holographic interference fringes having different phases, thus enabling optical phase detection in a single measurement. Unlike conventional phase-shifting digital holography, this system does not require piezoelectric elements and phase shift arrays. In order to confirm the effectiveness of HDI, we generated optical signals having multilevel phases and amplitudes by using two SLMs and performed an experiment for detection and demodulation with HDI. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America

We propose a new method to detect multi-level phase signals by generating 4-pieces of digital hologram by single shot hologram reading without using the reference light of a resolution higher than the signal page data.