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Mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) is a native fruit of Brazil that has high antioxidant activity and may benefit human health. The goal of this study was to discriminate between accessions in the ...

Mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) is a fruit species native to Brazil, belonging to the Apocynaceae family. Its cultivation is predominantly extractivist and its antioxidant properties have been recently reported. The objective of this study was to evaluate the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity in fruits of accession from the Active Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Coastal Tablelands (BI, CA, LG, PR, PT and TC). The extracts were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which identified chlorogenic acid (93.71 - 131.66 mg.100g-1), ferulic acid (0.85 - 2.27 mg.100g-1) and rutin (238.59 -442.94 mg.100g-1). The accessions CA and PR showed the highest values of total phenols (1179.39 and 1167.05 mg GAE.100g-1, respectively). The accessions CA and TC had the highest concentration of the major compound rutin (436.78 and 442.94 mg.100g-1, respectively). Antioxidant activity values ranged from 125.95 to 158.67 g.g-1 DPPH. Principal component analysis grouped the accessions into four groups, due to the genetic variability verified in previous studies. The results will be useful to guide actions of selection and future breeding program of the species. RESUMO A mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) é uma espécie frutífera nativa do Brasil, pertencente à família Apocynaceae. Seu cultivo é predominantemente extrativista e suas propriedades antioxidantes têm sido recentemente relatadas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar os compostos bioativos e atividade antioxidante em frutos de acessos oriundos do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma da Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros (BI, CA, LG, PR, PT e TC). Os extratos foram analisados em cromatografía líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC) e identificou-se o ácido clorogênico (93,71 - 131,66 mg.100g-1); ácido ferúlico (0,85 - 2,27 mg.100g-1) e rutina (238,59 - 442,94 mg.100g-1). Os acessos CA e PR apresentaram os maiores valores de fenóis totais (1179,39 e 1167,05 mg EAG.100g-1, respectivamente). Os acessos CA e TC apresentaram a maior concentração do composto majoritário rutina (436,78 e 442,94 mg.100g-1, respectivamente). Os valores da atividade antioxidante variaram entre 125,95 e 158,67 g.g-1 DPPH. A análise de componentes principais agrupou os acessos em quatro grupos, em consequência da variabilidade genética previamente verificada em estudos anteriores. Os resultados serão úteis para direcionar ações de seleção e futuro programa de melhoramento genético da espécie.

The ex situ conservation of seeds in cryobanks demands previous studies of dehydration procedures for the adjustment of the adequate moisture that makes long-term conservation possible. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of dehydration time on the regenerative capacity of embryonic axes of two genipap accessions (Umbaúba and Núcleo Bandeirante). Seeds were submitted to desiccation in policarbonate box containing silica gel for 0, 12, 16 and 20 h at room temperature and after each period, seed moisture content was determined. Seeds were inoculated in germination medium and samples were inserted into cryotubes and immersed in liquid nitrogen (-196ºC). Desiccation in silica gel was efficient in reducing the moisture content in both accessions. Umbaúba accession presented 100% germination at all desiccation treatments before cryopreservation and Núcleo Bandeirante was more sensitive to desiccation with 10% germination in 20 h. Umbaúba accession showed a reduction of growth variables with increased desiccation time. The treatments tested did not affect the growth variables of Núcleo Bandeirante accession. The desiccation, although changes observed in the ultra-structures of embryonic axis, did not influence the regeneration percentage of cryopreserved accessions.

Basil is an aromatic herb that stands out fo its economic importance. It is consumed in natura and sed to obtain essential oil. The cultivation of this species in several regions of the world has allowed variations by natural crosses and euploidy, leading to the wide genetic variability found nowadays. Considering the importance of this species, we aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of 27 basil genotypes using ISSR molecular markers. Fourteen primers were employed for DNA amplification, resulting in 86% polymorphism. Based on the Jaccard?s dissimilarity index, the highest index (0.80) was observed between the individuals BAS001 and BAS012, while the lowest index (0.18) was detected between the genotypes BAS014 and BAS015. The genetic similarity among individuals was calculated, forming four distinct clusters. Most individuals (40.7%) were allocated in cluster I. The polymorphic information content (PIC) (0.89) indicated considerable levels of genetic diversity among genotypes. In this sense, the ISSR markers were efficient in the detection of polymorphisms between the accessions, suggesting the genetic variability of the collection. This result demonstrates the importance of the use of molecular markers and the advantages that this information provides to the breeding of the species. O manjericao e uma erva aromatica que se destaca por possuir importância economica. E consumido in natura e tambem utilizado na obtencao de oleo essencial. O cultivo desta especie em diversas regioes do mundo permitiu que surgissem variacoes mediante cru-zamentos naturais e euploidia, ocasionando a ampla variabilidade genetica existente. Considerando a importância desta especie, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a diversidade genetica de 27 genotipos de manjericao usando marcadores moleculares ISSR. Qua-torze primers foram utilizados para amplificacao do DNA, resultando em 86% de polimorfismo. Com base no indice de dissimilaridade de Jaccard, observou-se o maior indice (0,80) entre os individuos BAS001 e BAS012, enquanto que o menor indice de dissimilari-dade (0,18) foi detectado entre os genotipos BAS014 e BAS015. A semelhanca genetica entre individuos foi calculada, formando quatro grupos distintos. A maioria dos individuos (40,7%) foi agrupada no grupo I. O conteudo de informacao polimorfica (PIC) (0,89) indicou niveis consideraveis de diversidade genetica entre os genotipos. Neste sentido, os marcadores ISSR foram eficientes na deteccao de polimorfismos entre os acessos e confirmaram que e possivel inferir a variabilidade genetica na colecao. Isso demonstra a importância do uso de marcadores moleculares e as vantagens que esta informacao pode oferecer ao melhoramento genetico das especies.

The cambui tree (Myrciaria floribunda (West ex Willd) O. Berg), is a native fruit tree from Brazil, whose fruit present potential in natura and industrial consumption. Our objective was to evaluate the genetic diversity between individuals differentiated by fruit color - orange and purple, by using ISSR molecular markers. The plant material belongs to the Caju Private Natural Heritage Reserve, experimental field of Embrapa Coastal Tablelands, in the municipality of Itaporanga d’Ajuda, SE. Young leaves from 25 individuals (15 with orange color fruit and 10 with purple color fruits) were collected for DNA extraction and PCR-ISSR analysis with 15 primers, which produced a total of 93 bands, being 95.5% of them polymorphic. The mean similarity was 0.53, based on the Jaccard coefficient. The least similar individuals were FR5 and FL8; FR5 and FL9; FR1 and FR5. The most similar pairs of individuals were FL3 and FL4; FL4 and FL5. The UPGMA analysis clustered the individuals into two groups. Although no specific molecular marking that characterizes fruit coloration has been found, there is genetic variability among the evaluated individuals.

RESUMO: A mandioca e a unica especie do genero Manihot comercialmente produzida. A producao de mudas micropropagadas possui limitacoes, e entre estas esta o alto custo com energia utilizadas nas salas de crescimento, e na taxa de sobrevivencia das plantas na fase de aclimatizacao, porem a cultura de tecidos e uma ferramenta de multiplicacao rapida e obtencao de plantas sadias (cultura de meristema), pois o metodo de propagacao vegetativa acarreta problemas fitossanitarios como disseminacao de patogenos. Uma alternativa para diminuir gastos dessa tecnica seria a reducao de sacarose ao meio e inducao de enraizamento sob luz natural em casa de vegetacao. Sendo assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a influencia da luz e sacarose na sobrevivencia e desenvolvimento de mudas de mandioca micropropagada. As variedades BRS Formosa, Lagoao e BRS Verdinha, cultivadas em meio MS acrescido de diferentes concentracoes de sacarose (10; 20 e 30 g.L-1), e apos 30 dias em sala de crescimento, os frascos foram incubados em sala de crescimento e casa de vegetacao por 15 dias. Em cultivos envolvendo diferentes tipos de luz, BRS Formosa e Lagoao, alcancaram melhores medias sob luz natural e altas concentracoes de sacarose, enquanto que BRS Verdinha obteve melhor desenvolvimento em luz natural e baixa concentracao de sacarose.

EnglishThis study evaluated the effect of vitrification solutions and exposure time on the cryopreservation of Brazilian green dwarf coconut plumules (BGD) using the droplet vitrification technique. Explants were excised from BGD mature fruits from the Active Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, Sergipe, Brazil. Firstly, embryos were disinfected, and after excision, plumules were pre-cultivated for 72 hours in Y3 + 0.6 M sucrose + 2.2 g L-1 Gelrite® culture medium. Plumules were exposed to PVS2 and PVS3 solutions for 15 and 30 minutes and rapidly immersed in liquid nitrogen (-196 oC). After cryopreservation, they were thawed in culture medium solution (Y3 + 1.2 M sucrose) and cultured in regeneration medium. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2x2 factorial scheme (vitrification solutions per exposure times), with five replicates per treatment. Data were compared by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability. Significant differences were observed in the callogenesis percentage for the solutions x exposure time interaction for non-cryopreserved cultures (-NL) and for exposure time after cryopreservation (+NL). PVS2 and PVS3 combined with 15 minutes of exposure promoted the highest callus formation (70 and 100%, respectively) in control cultures. The exposure time of 30 min, regardless of vitrification solution, resulted in 30% embryogenic callus formation after cryopreservation. These results contributed to the long-term conservation of coconut palm. portuguesO objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito das solucoes de vitrificacao e do tempo de exposicao na criopreservacao de plumulas de coqueiro anao verde do Brasil de Jiqui (BGD), pela tecnica de vitrificacao em gotas. Os explantes foram excisados de frutos maduros oriundos do Banco de Germoplasma Ativo de Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, Sergipe, Brasil. Os embrioes foram desinfestados e as plumulas, apos a excisao, pre-cultivadas durante 72 horas em meio de cultura Y3 suplementado com sacarose 0,6 e 2,2 g L-1 Gelrite®. As plumulas foram expostas em solucoes de PVS2 e PVS3 durante 15 e 30 minutos, e rapidamente imersas em nitrogenio liquido (-196 oC). Apos a criopreservacao, foram descongeladas na solucao de meio de cultura Y3 com 1,2 M de sacarose, e cultivadas em meio de regeneracao. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2x2 (solucoes de vitrificacao x tempos de exposicao), com cinco repeticoes por tratamento. Os dados foram comparados pelo teste de Tukey a probabilidade de 5%. Observaram-se diferencas significativas na porcentagem de calogenese para a interacao entre solucoes e tempo de exposicao para as culturas nao criopreservadas (-NL), e para o tempo de exposicao apos a criopreservacao (+NL). O PVS2 e o PVS3 combinados com 15 minutos promoveram a maior formacao de calo (70 e 100%, respectivamente) nas culturas de controle. O tempo de exposicao de 30 min, independente da solucao de vitrificacao, promoveu 30% da formacao de calos embriogenicos apos a criopreservacao. Estes resultados contribuem para a conservacao em longo prazo do coqueiro.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the proline synthesis and physiological response of cassava genotypes which were micro propagated and induced to salinity stress in vitro. Micro cuttings of approximately 1.0cm long with a single bud of genotypes TBRS Tapioqueira, BRS Verdinha and Lagoão which were previously established in vitro were inoculated in a MS medium containing different concentrations of NaCl (0; 25; 50; 75; 100mM) and were analyzed after 90th day for: number of roots, number of leaves and shoot dry mass. The proline content of BRS Tapioqueira and Lagoão was assessed at 30th, 60th and 90th day. There was no analysis of proline of the variety Verdinha because of the contamination of the explants. The experimental design was completely randomized in double factorial scheme (3 genotypes x 5 salt treatments), with seven repetitions for growth variables. For comparing proline content, completely randomized design was used in a plot subdivided in time, with genotype and NaCl factors in plot and time in subplot, with two repetitions. For r time and genotypes Tukey test (P

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro morphogenic potential of genipap (Genipa americana L.) zygotic embryos. Seeds obtained from ripe fruits had their zygotic embryos excised and inoculated in MS medium with 4.44µM of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and supplemented with 0.0; 1.07; 2.14 and 3.21µM of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The potential of explants regeneration and the shoot length and number of leaves in plantlets were evaluated. The in vitro regeneration of genipap is possible from the conversion of zygotic embryos in a MS medium with 4.44µM BAP supplemented with 3.21µM NAA. RESUMO: O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o potencial morfogênico in vitro de embriões zigóticos de jenipapeiro (Genipa americana L.). Sementes obtidas de frutos tiveram seus embriões zigóticos excisados e inoculados em meio MS com 4,44µM de 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP) suplementado com 0,0; 1,07; 2,14 e 3,21µM de ácido naftaleno acético (ANA). O potencial de regeneração dos explantes e o comprimento da parte aérea e o número de folhas nas plântulas formadas foi avaliado. Observou-se que é possível a regeneração in vitro de jenipapeiro a partir da conversão de embriões zigóticos em meio MS com 4,44µM de BAP, suplementado com 3,21µM de ANA.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the auxin 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic) in calli formation from leaf and nodal segments of genipap and to characterize its growth curve. Explants obtained from shoots previously established from in vitro seedlings were used for calli induction. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 3x5x2 factorial with three accessions (NB, SA, SAL), five concentrations of 2,4-D (0.0; 2.0; 4.0, 6.0 or 8.0 mg L-1) and two times of measurement for calli fresh weight (30 and 60 days). There was callus formation in all treatments tested. It was observed that the best response for callus induction from leaf segments was with 2.0 mg L-1 of 2,4-D. For the nodal segment, the response among the accessions was different due to 2,4-D concentrations. The growth curve was plotted according to the fresh weight of callus obtained at intervals of 10 days up to 60 days. Through the established growth curve, the nodal-derived calli from accession SA should be transferred to a new medium, after 40 days of culture. O objetivo desse trabalho foi determinar o efeito da auxina 2,4-D (ácido diclorofenoxiacético) na calogênese de segmentos foliar e nodal de jenipapeiro e caracterizar sua curva de crescimento. Explantes obtidos debrotações pré-estabelecidas a partir de plântulas in vitro foram utilizados na indução de calos. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3x5x2, com três acessos (NB, SA e SAL), cinco concentrações de 2,4-D (0,0; 2,0; 4,0; 6,0 ou 8,0 mg L-1) e dois tempos de avaliação (30 e 60 dias) da massa fresca de calos. Houve formação de calos em todos os tratamentos testados. Observou-se que a melhor resposta de indução ocorreu na concentração de 2,0 mg L-1 para calos oriundos de segmentos foliares. Para o segmento nodal a resposta entre os acessos foi diferenciada em função das concentrações de 2,4-D. A curva de crescimento foi plotada a partir da massa fresca dos calos obtida em intervalos de 10 dias até os 60 dias. Através da curva de crescimento estabelecida, os calos derivados de segmentos nodais do acesso SA devem ser transferidos para um novo meio de cultura, 40 dias após à inoculação.

Genipa americana (jenipapeiro) é uma essência florestal pertencente à família Rubiaceae, que apresenta importância econômica e ambiental, sendo valorizada para produção de alimentos, na recuperação de áreas degradadas, na composição em áreas de preservação permanentes e em sistemas agroflorestais. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes tempos de desidratação em câmara de fluxo laminar e tempos de imersão em solução crioprotetora (MS+0,5M de sacarose) na capacidade regenerativa de ápices caulinares da espécie para estabelecimento de futuros protocolos de criopreservação. Os ápices caulinares foram obtidos de plântulas, acesso Oiteiros, germinadas e cultivadas in vitro. Os explantes foram submetidos ao encapsulamento e a diferentes tempos de imersão em solução crioprotetora e tempos de desidratação em câmara de fluxo laminar. A crioproteção e a desidratação não alteram a viabilidade dos ápices caulinares de jenipapeiro encapsulados ou não encapsulados. A imersão por 24 horas em solução crioprotetora e a desidratação em câmara de fluxo laminar por 2 horas apresentam potencial para uso em futuros trabalhos de criopreservação por encapsulamento-desidratação. Genipa americana (genipap) is a forest species belonging to the Rubiaceae family that has economic and environmental importance, being valued for food production, recuperation of degraded areas, in the composition in areas of permanent preservation and agroforestry. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of different times of dehydration in laminar flow cab and immersion time in cryoprotecting solution (MS+0.5M sucrose) on the regenerative capacity of shoot apices for establishing future cryopreservation protocols. The shoot apices were obtained from seedlings, of Oiteiros accession, germinated and cultured in vitro. Explants were subjected to encapsulation and different exposure times in cryoprotecting solution and dehydration in a laminar flow cab. The cryoprotection and dehydration does not modify the viability of the shoot apices of genipap encapsulated or unencapsulated. Immersion for 24 hours in cryoprotecting solution and the dehydration in a laminar flow cab by 2 hours have potential for use in future studies of cryopreservation by encapsulation-dehydration.

Breeding genotypes need to be characterized and evaluated in different soil and climatic conditions. There are few studies on association between characters evaluated and their contribution to banana genetic diversity, being essential to guide genetic breeding programs. This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical characters of banana genotypes, to estimate associations between characters, to determine the relative importance of characters to study on genetic dissimilarity, and to indicate new genotypes to coastal plain region of Sergipe. Fruits from thirteen genotypes were used: Prata (FHIA-18, BRS Platina, PV94-01, BRS Garantida, YB42-47, Pacovan, and Prata Anã), Maçã (BRS Princesa, BRS Tropical, and Maçã), Ibota (Caipira), Gros Michel (Bucaneiro), and Mysore (Thap Maeo). The experimental design was randomized blocks, with thirteen genotypes and three replications. There is physicochemical variability of fruits between genotypes of same genomic group and subgroup, and between hybrids originated from same progenitor. Content of total sugars has greater contribution to genetic diversity among the genotypes, followed by fruit mass and pulp mass, and starch content in two cycles. Associations between fruit length, fruit diameter, and fruit mass and pulp mass in two production cycles based on phenotypic correlation are highly significant. Hybrids FHIA-18, PA94-01, YB42-47, and BRS Tropical, BRS Princesa, and Bucaneiro cultivars are promising for recommendation on coastal plain regions. Genótipos melhorados necessitam ser caracterizados e avaliados em diferentes condições edafoclimáticas. Existem poucos estudos sobre a associação entre os caracteres avaliados e sua contribuição para a diversidade genética da banana, sendo imprescindíveis para orientar programas de melhoramento genético. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar os caracteres físico-químicos de frutos de genótipos de bananeira, estimar as associações entre caracteres, determinar a importância relativa dos caracteres para o estudo da dissimilaridade genética e indicar novos genótipos para a região de Tabuleiros Costeiros de Sergipe. Foram utilizados frutos de treze genótipos: tipo Prata (FHIA18, BRS Platina, PV94-01, BRS Garantida, YB42-47, Pacovan e Prata-Anã), Maçã (BRS Princesa, BRS Tropical e Maçã), Ibota (Caipira), Gros Michel (Bucaneiro) e o Mysore (Thap Maeo). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com treze genótipos e três repetições. Existe variabilidade físico-química dos frutos entre os genótipos do mesmo grupo genômico e subgrupo, e entre híbridos originados da mesma genitora. O teor de açúcares totais apresenta maior contribuição para a diversidade genética entre os genótipos, seguido da massa do fruto com e sem casca e teor de amido nos dois ciclos. As associações entre comprimento do fruto, o diâmetro, massa do fruto e da polpa nos dois ciclos de produção com base na correlação fenotípica são altamente significativas. Os híbridos FHIA-18, PA94-01, YB42-47 e as cultivares BRS Tropical, BRS Princesa e Bucaneiro são promissores para recomendação nos Tabuleiros Costeiros.

Banana (Musa spp) is a fruit species frequently cultivated and consumed worldwide. Molecular markers are important for estimating genetic diversity in germplasm and between genotypes in breeding programs. The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity of 21 banana genotypes (FHIA 23, PA42-44, Maca, Pacovan Ken, Bucaneiro, YB42-47, Grand Naine, Tropical, FHIA 18, PA94-01, YB42-17, Enxerto, Japira, Pacova, Prata-Ana, Maravilha, PV79-34, Caipira, Princesa, Garantida, and Thap Maeo), by using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Material was generated from the banana breeding program of Embrapa Cassava & Fruits and evaluated at Embrapa Coastal Tablelands. The 12 primers used in this study generated 97.5% polymorphism. Four clusters were identified among the different genotypes studied, and the sum of the first two principal components was 48.91%. From the Unweighted Pair Group Method using Arithmetic averages (UPGMA) dendrogram, it was possible to identify two main clusters and subclusters. Two genotypes (Garantida and Thap Maeo) remained isolated from the others, both in the UPGMA clustering and in the principal cordinate analysis (PCoA). Using ISSR markers, we could analyze the genetic diversity of the studied material and state that these markers were efficient at detecting sufficient polymorphism to estimate the genetic variability in banana genotypes.

The sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam has its origin in Tropical America. In Sergipe State (Brazil), its production is very important, and to explore its potential in local agriculture in the State, the Embrapa Coastal Tableland created a collection with 52 accessions located in Umbauba City. Some accessions were from germplasm belonging to Embrapa vegetables and others from local farmers of Sergipe. Here, we provide the first data on the genetic diversity and structure of sweet potato collection of SPGB using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. RAPD data were used to determine genetic variability via a model-based Bayesian procedure (structure) and molecular variance analysis (AMOVA). In addition, Shannon index, genetic diversity and Jaccard coefficients were also estimated. RAPD was efficient for the analysis of genetic diversity to identify groups and measure the genetic distance between accessions. The markers showed that the collection had a high level of polymorphism. By UPGMA, we separated three groups of genotypes and identified two reconstructed populations by structure software. Keywords: Ipomoea batatas , cultivars, accessions African Journal of Biotechnology , Vol. 13(10), pp. 1109-1116, 5 March, 2014

Genipa americana L. has a diversity of secondary metabolites, including iridoids, phenolic compounds, and alkaloids. Pharmacological and biological properties have also been reported. This study has aimed to evaluate the chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) obtained from the leaves of G. americana and its bioactivity against Aceria guerreronis Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae), a serious pest of coconut production areas worldwide. EO from the leaves was extracted and analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and flame ionization detection (GC-MS/FID). For the bioassays, the adult coconut mites were subjected to increasing concentrations of EO. The analyses showed a predominance of sesquiterpenes, followed by monoterpenes, aldehydes, and fatty acids. The EO (LC50 = 0.41 mg mL-1; LC90 = 6.43 mg mL-1) showed toxicity and repellent effects against the coconut mite. The tested EO has the potential to develop as a natural product, with acaricidal activities against A. guerreronis, in order to assist in the control of the coconut mite.

Mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) is a native fruit of great economic, cultural, and environmental importance in its areas of occurrence. Due to extractive activities and real estate pressure, the number of natural populations has considerably decreased. The propagation of the species is still one of the primary obstacles for orchard implantations, thus, studies that provide a better understanding of the dynamics of the species’ growth should be developed. This work aimed to evaluate the biometry, emergence, and initial growth of mangaba progenies (Hancornia speciosa Gomes), using the plant material from the Active Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Coastal Tablelands, located in Itaporanga d’Ajuda, SE, Brazil. Treatments consisted of progenies from 17 accessions. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with four replications of 25 seeds. Number of seeds per fruit, as well as fruit and seed weight (g), length (mm), width (mm), and thickness (mm) were evaluated. For emergence and initial growth, the following variables were analyzed: percentage of emergence (PE%), emergence speed index (ESI%), survival rate (SR%), height (H), stem diameter (SD), and the number of leaves (NL). Biometric analyses of fruits and seeds revealed significant phenotypic variability among mangaba accessions. Progenies of the accessions LGP1, LGP3, LGP4, PTP4, TCP2, TCP6, ABP1, ABP2, ABP4 and BIP4 showed better results for all emergence and initial growth variables. The progenies of accessions TCP1, BIP4, CAP5 and PRP5 expressed lower emergence and survival percentages, and low vigor.

There are few reports in literature on the in vitro behavior of cambui tree (Myrciaria tenella O. Berg) and acclimatization conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of culture media on in vitro germination and the effect of different substrates on the acclimatization of two Myrciaria tenella types. The study was carried out at the Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros Laboratory of Plant Tissue Culture, Aracaju, SE. Seeds were extracted from fruits of two Myrciaria tenella types: Orange and Purple Types. The seeds were inoculated in the following culture media: T1 - MS medium + 30g L -1 sucrose, T2 - 1/2 MS medium + 15g L -1 sucrose and T3 - control without MS salts. To study the effect of substrates on acclimatization, seedlings were transferred to plastic containers with capacity of 300cm 3 containing the following sterilized substrates: S1 - soil and powdered coconut husk - SPC (1:1 by volume); S2 - soil, washed sand and powdered coconut husk - SAPC (1:1:1 by volume) and S3 - Biomix (r) commercial substrate - SC. The medium without MS salts promoted 100% in vitro germination and 1/2 MS medium greater development of seedlings. All substrates studied are suitable for acclimatization of seedlings germinated in vitro. Myrciaria tenella of yellow type showed greater vigor during acclimatization.

Seed size and its physiology are a barrier for the exchange of coconut genetics resources and the tissue culture techniques can assist the germplasm bank enrichment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of transport and storage procedures of zygotic embryos to promote the exchange of coconut accessions. Mature zygotic embryo from Cameroon red dwarf (CRD), Malayan yellow dwarf (MYD) and Malayan red dwarf (MRD) were used. The following treatments were evaluated: T1-storage of endosperm disc in plastic bags at 10±2°C for 5 days; T2 - 8 days; T3 - 12 days; T4 - embryo excised and inoculated in micro tube with Y3 culture medium with no sucrose for 2 days and T5 - five embryos inoculated in Y3 culture medium without sucrose in Petri dish for 2 days. T5 treatment resulted in low bacterial contamination. RESUMO: O tamanho da semente e sua fisiologia são barreiras para o intercambio de recursos genéticos de coqueiro e técnicas de cultura de tecidos podem auxiliar o enriquecimento de bancos de germoplasma. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito dos procedimentos de transporte e armazenamento de embriões zigóticos para o intercâmcio de acessos de coco. Foram utilizados embriões zigóticos maduros das variedades de coco anão vermelho dos Camarões (AVC), amarelo da Malásia (AAM) e vermelho da Malásia (AVM). Os seguintes tratamentos foram avaliados: T1- de armazenamento de disco endosperma em sacos de plástico a 10±2°C durante cinco dias; T2 - oito dias; T3 - doze dias; T4 - embrião inoculado em microtubo com meio Y3 sem sacarose por dois dias e; T5 - cinco embriões inoculados em placa de Petri com meio de cultura Y3 sem sacarose por dois dias. O tratamento T5 resultou em baixa contaminação bacteriana baixa.

In micropropagation, especially for mangaba tree botanical variety of Northeastern Brazil, limiting aspects such as ethylene accumulation in the cultivation flask and loss of vigor in subcultures have been observed. This study was aimed at assessing the technical and scientific knowledge of the in vitro propagation of botanical mangaba tree variety and at improving the micropropagation protocol, establishing the in vitro cultivation time, the best type of flask sealing and explant at different micropropagation stages. For the establishment phase and for the first and second subcultures, the MS medium with 3% sucrose and 0.6% agar, supplemented with 1 mg L-1 IAA and 1 mg L-1 BA was used. Evaluations were performed at 30, 50 and 65 days of in vitro cultivation. The best types of flask sealing for the establishment phase were the PVC film and Para-film® and for the first subculture the Para-film® seal. In the second subculture the PVC film and Para-film® seals promoted the best growth. The median and basal nodal segments presented the best performance in the first subculture. No significant effect of explant type was observed in the second subculture. The ideal subculture interval in the establishment phase and the first and second subcultures is 50 days. Na micropropagação, especialmente para mangaba, variedade botânica da árvore do Nordeste do Brasil, aspectos limitantes, como acúmulo de etileno no recipiente de cultivo e perda de vigor em subculturas têm sido observados. Neste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar o conhecimento técnico e científico da propagação in vitro de mangabeira, variedade botânica do Nordeste do Brasil, e melhorar o protocolo de micropropagação, o melhor tipo de vedação frasco e explante em diferentes etapas. Para a fase de estabelecimento e para as subculturas primeiro e segundo, foi utlizado o meio MS com 3% de sacarose e agar 0,6%, suplementado com 1 mg L-1 de AIA e 1 mg L-1 de BAP. As avaliações foram realizadas aos 30, 50 e 65 dias de cultivo in vitro. Os melhores tipos de vedação para a fase de estabelecimento foram o filme PVC e Para-filme® e, para o primeiro subcultivo, o Para-filme®. No segundo subcultivo, o filme PVC e Para-filme® promoveram o melhor crescimento in vitro. Os segmentos nodais médio e basal apresentaram melhor desempenho no primeiro subcultivo. Nenhum efeito significativo do tipo de explante foi observado no segundo subcultivo. O intervalo de tempo ideal para as fases de estabelecimento, primeiro e segundo subcultivos é de 50 dias.

Resumen pt: A mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) e uma especie nativa do Brasil que apresenta importância economica, social e cultural nas principais areas onde ocor...

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a variabilidade genética de acessos de mangaba provenientes de populações naturais, de 11 localidades, com marcadores RAPD. Os acessos pertencem ao Banco Ativo de Mangaba da Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, em Itaporanga d'Ajuda, SE. Foram utilizados 13 iniciadores, que geraram 82 fragmentos, dos quais 78 (95%) eram polimórficos. A análise genética entre localidades apresentou baixa diversidade genética; entretanto, a similaridade genética variou de 0,02 a 0,91, para os 55 acessos. Foi possível identificar grupos divergentes por meio dos agrupamentos UPGMA e ACoP. Os acessos menos similares foram provenientes de Ipiranguinha (Conde, PB) e Preguiça (Indiaroba, SE), e os mais semelhantes de Jandaíra (Costa Azul, BA). Do conjunto total, 49 acessos foram geneticamente distintos e seis semelhantes. Por meio dos marcadores RAPD, foi possível obter um perfil molecular único, além de estimar a variabilidade existente entre os acessos avaliados. O Banco Ativo de Germoplasma de Mangaba da Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros apresenta baixa diversidade genética entre as localidades. The objective of this work was to estimate the genetic variability of mangaba accessions of natural populations, from 11 locations, using RAPD markers. The accessions belong to Banco Ativo de Mangaba of Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, in Itaporanga d'Ajuda, SE, Brazil. A total of 13 primers were used, which generated 82 fragments, of which 78 (95%) were polymorphic. Genetic analysis among regions showed low genetic diversity; however, genetic similarity ranged from 0.02 to 0.91, for the 55 accessions. Divergent groups were identified by UPGMA and ACoP clustering. The least similar accessions were derived from Ipiranguinha (Conde, PB, Brazil) and Preguiça (Indiaroba, SE, Brazil), and the most similar from Jandaíra (Costa Azul, BA, Brazil). From the total, 49 accessions were genetically distinct and six were similar. By using RAPD markers, it was possible to obtain a unique molecular profile, besides estimating the variability among the accessions evaluated. The Banco Ativo de Germoplasma de Mangaba of Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros shows low genetic diversity among locations.

Mangaba tree (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) is a tropical fruit species from Brazil and presents socioeconomic potential. The objective of this study was to determine antioxidant activity, rutin content and genetic similarity among in vivo and in vitro matrices and progenies of six accessions from the Mangaba Active Germplasm Bank of the Embrapa Coastal Tablelands, SE, Brazil. Young leaves of adult matrix plants and in vitro callus methanolic extracts obtained from young leaves resulted in differences between the accessions for the rutin content and high antioxidant activity. The Costa Azul accession, from Bahia, Brazil outstood with values above 3,000 g of dry extract/g of DPPH (2.2-diphenyl-1-picrilhydrazyl) in in vitro callus coming from nodal and internodal segments (3,023.73 and 3,136.80 g of dry extract/g of DPPH, respectively). Rutin was not found in extracts resulting from in vitro callus of mangaba tree. The difference among the values obtained for DPPH analysis are superior when compared with in vivo leaf extract, with the in vitro Costa Azul accession (nodal and internodal) outstanding, concluding that in vitro callus induction can interfere with chemical compounds of the plant. The markers detect genetic similarity under in vitro cultivation conditions. The Costa Azul accession group itself in isolation from others and EC50 concentrations differentiated between leaf and callus are obtained. O EC50 is superior in extracts deriving from in vitro callus, with the in vitro Costa Azul accession (nodal and internodal).

Azadirachta indica A. Juss, popularly known as neem, is a species native to India, belonging to family Meliaceae, considered the most important plant species with insecticidal action. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of growth regulators on induction and growth of neem callus and to observe their viability for embryogenesis through morpho-histological characteristics. In vitro germinated plants were used for excision of nodal explants. These segments were inoculated in Murashige and Skoog culture medium containing 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic) combined with BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) at the following concentrations: 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/l (T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively), for callus induction. At 0 (mass of nodal segments without callus), 20, 40 and 60 days of culture, the percentage of callus formation was observed and the callus weight was measured for each treatment and at the end of the 60 days, consistency, color, and cell histology were evaluated. There was callus formation in all treatments tested. The highest induction of Azadirachta indica A. Juss callus is observed in the presence of 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D + 2.0 mg/l BAP, with callus showing light brown color, friable consistency and rounded cells with intense cell division, typical of cells with potential embryogenic capacity.

Drought is the most limiting environmental factor to crop productivity and presents a great variability in the degree of tolerance among and within species, among varieties. The aim of this study was to characterize sugarcane accessions regarding tolerance to water stress during in vitro cultivation based on changes in biometric, physiological and biochemical characteristics, within species and among species, to support future breeding programs. Adventitious shoots of five sugarcane accessions: Saccharum robustum, Saccharum spontaneum and Saccharum officinarum species, cultivated in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2% sucrose and 4 g/l Phytagel were used in five water potentials, 0, -0.3, -0.6, -0.9, -1.2 MPa, induced by mannitol. Survival, length of shoots and roots, number of shoots and roots, biomass, proline content in leaves and activity of antioxidant enzymes were analyzed. There is difference among species, and also, within the same sugarcane species when submitted to in vitro drought stress, and S. officinarum was shown to be the most tolerant. Proline can be used as a biochemical indicator of response to drought in sugarcane accessions and its accumulation was intensified in S. robustum and S. spontaneum accessions. Catalase activity remained unchanged with increased drought in sugarcane accessions evaluated.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar temperaturas de armazenamento e embalagens para abóbora minimamente processada. Pedaços de abóbora foram cortados em tamanho de 5 x 10 cm, embalados em bandejas de poliestireno recobertas com filme polivinilcloreto e em embalagem de polietileno de alta densidade a vácuo. O produto foi mantido a 5 e 10 °C por um período de 12 dias. A cada três dias avaliou-se o teor de sólidos solúveis, acidez total titulável, pH, vitamina C e coloração. Os resultados mostraram não haver diferenças significativas entre as duas temperaturas de refrigeração utilizadas na conservação da abóbora. Entretanto, a embalagem com filme PVC permitiu maior conservação dos atributos de qualidade da abóbora até o 9º dia, com exceção da cor, que sofreu menores alterações quando usada embalagem a vácuo.

Jenipapo (Genipa americana L. Rubiaceae) is a native species not endemic to Brazil and found in several biomes. The objective of this work was to evaluate the emergence and growth of seedlings cultivated in different substrates. Treatments were made of: T1 (fertilized soil), T2 (fertilized soil + coconut fiber), T3 (fertilized soil + sand), T4 (sand + coconut fiber), T5 (bovine manure + coconut fiber), and T6 (bovine manure + sand). The experiment consisted of a completely randomized design, with six treatments (substrates) and four replications of 25 seeds. The following variables were evaluated: first emergence count, percentage of emergence, emergence speed index, seedling height, root length, stem diameter, number of leaves, relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), leaf area, root dry matter, and shoot dry matter. The substrates T1 (fertilized soil), T2 (fertilized soil + coconut fiber), T3 (fertilized soil + sand) and T6 (bovine manure + sand) were more efficient for jenipapo seedlings production.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:47:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-29452002000100038.pdf: 109689 bytes, checksum: 068cf51714c6803369f83c6ecb3e2f4c (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:47:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-29452002000100038.pdf: 109689 bytes, checksum: 068cf51714c6803369f83c6ecb3e2f4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-04-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T17:57:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-29452002000100038.pdf: 109689 bytes, checksum: 068cf51714c6803369f83c6ecb3e2f4c (MD5) S0100-29452002000100038.pdf.txt: 14534 bytes, checksum: 70852592c8b2960cf9b330cf4cbe27cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-04-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:16:43Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-29452002000100038.pdf: 109689 bytes, checksum: 068cf51714c6803369f83c6ecb3e2f4c (MD5) S0100-29452002000100038.pdf.txt: 14534 bytes, checksum: 70852592c8b2960cf9b330cf4cbe27cf (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:16:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-29452002000100038.pdf: 109689 bytes, checksum: 068cf51714c6803369f83c6ecb3e2f4c (MD5) S0100-29452002000100038.pdf.txt: 14534 bytes, checksum: 70852592c8b2960cf9b330cf4cbe27cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-04-01 O presente trabalho foi realizado em condições de ripado, com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho da enxertia a inglês simples, em dois tipos de porta-enxerto (pé-franco e alporquia), em combinação com três tipos de anelamento do ramo (sem anelamento, e ramos anelados duas e quatro semanas antes da retirada do garfo), em lichia. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos e três repetições. Foi somente observada diferença significativa para o tipo pé-franco, que revelou os melhores resultados. This research work was carried out in the experimental area to evaluate the performance of grafting technique in two types of rootstocks (air layering and seedling) with three types of girdling (without girdling and girdling shoot, two and four weeks before grafts retreat) in litchi. The experimental design was a complete randomized with six treatments and three replications. There was statistical difference for the type of rootstocks that showed better results. UNESP FCAV Departamento de Produção Vegetal UNESP FCAV Departamento de Produção Vegetal

O presente trabalho foi realizado no município de Governador Dix-Sept Rosado, microrregião Açu-Apodi, no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, tendo como objetivo verificar os efeitos do sistema de irrigação por aspersão na densidade do sistema radicular da bananeira 'Pacovan'. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram duas amostragens por planta, realizadas do lado contrário ao da emissão da inflorescência, formando um ângulo de 45º. Em cada amostragem, foram realizadas quatro retiradas do material de solo a distâncias de 20 cm, sendo a primeira a 30 cm e a última a 90 cm do pseudocaule. A análise dos dados demonstrou que ocorreu redução linear no peso fresco e na densidade de comprimento de raízes da bananeira em função da profundidade do solo. Em relação à distância do pseudocaule da bananeira, tanto o peso fresco quanto a densidade de comprimento de raízes não mostraram resultados significativos. The present work was conducted at Governador Dix-Sept Rosado County, microregion Açu-Apodi, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte and its objective was to study the effects of sprinkler irrigation system on the density of the root system of 'Pacovan' banana plants. The experiment followed a completely randomized block design, in a split-plot scheme, with five replications. The treatments were two sampling groups, taken per plant, and in the opposite side of the inflorescence emission, forming between them an angle of 45°. In each sampling group, four samples containing soil material were collected at intervals of 20 cm, so the first was distant 30 cm and the last 90 cm from the pseudostem. Data analysis showed that occurred a linear reduction in root fresh weight and in lenght of roots density, in replications to soil depth. For the distance from the plant pseudostem there were no significant differences between samples, both for root fresh weight and lenght of roots density.

The cambuí tree (Myciaria tenella O. Berg) is native to Brazil and the fruits are harvested by extraction for fresh consumption in state of Sergipe (Brazil). Because of the regional importance of the species, this work aims to characterize the cambuí fruits and seeds. The fruits were harvested mature from the Reserva do Caju Experimental Field, on Itaporanga d'Ajuda (Sergipe, Brazil), belonging to Embrapa Coastal Tablelands. We analyzed biometrically 200 fruits and seeds. In addition, we evaluated the fruit, pulp, and seed color based on RHS Color Chart. We found two different fruits skin colors: 1. yellow [orange - red (group 32A)] with yellow pulp [yellow - orange (group 17A)]; and 2. purple [violet - blue (group 93A)] with red pulp [red - purple (group 60A)]. The seeds have only one color, green [yellow-green (group 152A)] with dark stripes [Brown (group 200C)]. The fruits mean diameter was 9.23 mm/fruit, and mean width 8.50 mm/fruit. The seeds mean diameter was 5.34 mm/seed, mean width 6.52 mm/seed and thickness 5.08 mm/seed. The cambuí seeds are highly variable as previsously expected, because it is a native species without any type of management.