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Chili production in Indonesia is fluctuating due to the complex of pests and diseases including Thrips, mites, yellow leaf curl virus, and Fusarium wilt. Farmers mainly rely on pesticides in solving the problem, which leads to becoming the source of new problems. Numerous efforts have been made to find alternative methods to control those unwanted organisms, including crop immunization using particular crops. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of leaf extract of pagoda flowers and spiny amaranth to induce chili resistance against unwanted organisms and suppress pests' development. The research, arranged in Randomized Block Design with 5 treatments and five replicates, was conducted in Bocek village, Karangploso sub-district, Malang Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia from April to August 2019. The treatments were: P1 ('Proliga'+Pagoda flower leaf extract), P1 ('Proliga'+spiny amaranth leaf extract), P2 (farmer technological package Malang Regency), P3 (farmer technological package from Blitar Regency), and P4 (check plot of no control measure application). The leaf extracts were sprayed on the chili seedling in the nursery. The highest pest control efficacy was recorded on the application of spiny amaranth leaf extract in controlling mites (P. latus), Thrips sp., viruses, and Fusarium wilt attacks that reached up to 86.15%, 85.17%, 89.09%, and 89.05% respectively compared to check plot. While the lowest efficacy was recorded on the use of Pagoda flower leaf extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A resistant variety is needed to overcome a pest or disease infection. The research purposes were to obtain the selected M3 chili that was not only resistant to PepYLCV but also had a high yield and good quality. The research was conducted at Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute (IVEGRI), Lembang (1,250 m sal) from May to December 2017. The augmented design with three replications for each control genotype was used in the research. The infected chili plants by PepYLCV and eggplant were placed at certain points around the field as a natural inoculum and plant host for insect vector white flies to ensure no escape condition. Resistance selection was conducted according to the standardized disease scoring value (0 – 4) in the field at a certain period of time, then calculated disease incident intensity and AUDPC value parameters. IPBC-12 variety was used as a resistant control. Selection of yield quantity-quality according to the standardized multicharacter with referring to consumer's preference i.e. AUDPC value≤resistant genotype (IPBC-12), productivity≥1,0 kg/plant, fruit length (10-12 cm), fruit diameter (1.0-1.5 cm), capsaicin content≥300 ppm, and vitamin C content≥100 ppm. The result showed that the selected M3 lines were 17 or selection intensity around 26.56%. Relatively the tested M3 lines still had low uniformity on some morphologies. There was a transgressive segregation phenomenon that occurred on 21 M3 plant individuals. Nevertheless, the selected M3 genotypes had to be continually evaluated to obtain a new resistant mutant variety to PepYLCV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]