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A robust experimental technique to measure the shock response of compacted granular materials is demonstrated. The Hugoniot curve for a quasi-statically compacted soil (∼14% porous) is presented in the stress range 0.7–4.3 GPa and compared to that of similar un-compacted materials. The soil investigated was a mixture of silt and sand in a 2:1 ratio by volume, with compacted density 2290±40 kg m-3. The Hugoniot data was generated using a plate-impact reverberation technique similar to that used by other authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The shock response of geological materials is of interest to many industries, in particular oil and gas exploration. The porous inhomogeneous composition of geological materials complicates characterisation under dynamic loading. The behaviour of dry limestone has been investigated under the condition of uniaxial strain using a plate impact facility. Manganin gauges were used to measure both longitudinal and lateral stresses within the limestone. The Hugoniot and shear data obtained are compared with that available in the open literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous and granular materials are widely found in a number of environments. One of the most important groups both geographically and in the construction industry are the sands. A review of the response of sand (42% porous) over a wide range of strain rates is presented. Factors such as water content and density variation are addressed. In addition a very low-density silica dust (95% porous) is also discussed in relation to its contrasting behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of plate impact experiments have been performed to assess the dynamic behaviour of dry and water saturated concrete under shock-loading. Information was obtained on the Hugoniot curve and dynamic shear properties using manganin gauges. This extends our previous data obtained on cement paste, mortar, and micro-concrete to full-size concrete. Despite the varying heterogeneous composition of concrete it has been found that all materials Hugoniot curves lie within a close range in Stress—Particle Velocity space (σ-up). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plate impact experiments have been performed in forward and reverse impact configurations on dry, quartz sand to obtain Hugoniot data. In the forward configuration, manganin gauges were placed both in surrounding anvils and in the sand. Gauges placed directly in or near the sand gave anomalously high stress values compared with stresses measured in the anvils. Shock wave velocity was calculated from time of arrival and the Hugoniot data inferred. This was found to agree with data from reverse impact and that previously published. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The response of a commercially available silica powder at low density to shock loading has been investigated. Hugoniot data were obtained for samples from two initial densities. The shock velocity particle velocity dependence was found to be linear for both densities. The data is modelled using a P-α model and reported in a companion paper. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]