Search

Acute respiratory infections represent the leading cause of morbimortality in children and viruses are the main etiological agents. Here we describe the clinical characteristics and evolution of infants admitted to intensive care unit with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) due to Human Bocavirus 1 mono-infection in patients without previous comorbidity. We also compared them with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) cases. Of 141 cases included (age 5.43 ± 4.54 months, 52% male), 80% had at least 1 virus detected. RSV was the most frequent in the series (71.6%) followed by HBoV1 (28%). Five cases of HBoV1 mono-detection were identified. Pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome was present in both groups, HBoV1 and RSV. The clinical presentation and evolution of HBoV1 single infection was similar to RSV. HBoV1 should be included among the agents investigated in cases of SARI in infants., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Maria Pilar Adamo reports financial support was provided by National Agency for the Promotion of Research, Technological Development and Innovation of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation of Argentina., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Human bocaviruses were first described between 2005 and 2010, identified in respiratory and enteric tract samples of children. Screening studies have shown worldwide distribution. Based on phylogenetic analysis, they were classified into four genotypes (HBoV1-4). From a clinical perspective, human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) is considered the most relevant, since it can cause upper and lower acute respiratory tract infection, mainly in infants, including common cold, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia, as well as wheezing in susceptible patients. However, the specific processes leading to structural, biochemical, and functional changes resulting in the different clinical presentations have not been elucidated yet. This review surveys the interactions between the virus and target cells that can potentially explain disease-causing mechanisms. It also summarises the clinical phenotype of cases, stressing the role of HBoV1 as an aetiological agent of lower acute respiratory infection in infants, together with laboratory tests for detection and diagnosis. By exploring the current knowledge on the epidemiology of HBoV1, insights into the complex scenario of paediatric respiratory infections are presented, as well as the potential effects that changes in the circulation can have on the dynamics of respiratory agents, spotlighting the benefits of comprehensively increase insights into incidence, interrelationships with co-circulating agents and potential control of HBoV1., (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Introduction. Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) infection occurs with viral genome presence in respiratory secretions (RS) and serum, and therefore both samples can be used for diagnosis. Gap statement. The diagnostic sensitivity of HBoV1 DNA detection in serum and the duration of DNAaemia in severe clinical cases have not been elucidated. Aim. To determine HBoV1 DNA in serum and RS of paediatric patients hospitalized for lower acute respiratory infection (LARI) and to analyse the clinical-epidemiological features of positive cases. Methodology. This was a prospective, transverse study. Physicians selected the clinical situations and obtained paired clinical samples (RS and serum) that were tested by PCR/qPCR for HBoV1. Positive cases were analysed considering time of specimen collection, co-detection, clinical manifestations and viral load; statistical significant level was set at α=0.05. Results. HBoV1 was detected in 98 of 402 cases included (24 %); 18/98 (18 %) patients had the virus detectable in serum and 91/98 (93 %) in RS ( P <0.001). Positivity rates were not significantly different in patients with RS and serum collected within or beyond 24 h of admission. Single HBoV1 infection was identified in 39/98 patients (40 %), three patients had HBoV1 in both clinical samples (3/39, 8 %) and 32 (32/39, 82 %) only in RS, 22 of them (69 %) with both clinical samples within 24 h of admission. Cough ( P =0.001) and rhinitis ( P =0.003) were significantly frequent among them and most patients were diagnosed with bronchiolitis (22/39, 56 %) and pneumonia (9/39, 23 %), which was more frequent compared to cases with co-infection ( P =0.04). No significant differences were identified among patients with high, medium or low viral load of HBoV1 regarding rate of positivity in both clinical samples, the time of collection of RS and serum, co-detection, first episode of LARI, clinical manifestations, comorbidity or requirement for assisted ventilation. Intensive care unit (ICU) patients had a significantly higher frequency of detection ( P <0.001) and co-detection ( P =0.001) compared to patients on standard care. Conclusions. HBoV1 is prevalent among infant patients hospitalized for LARI and including it in the standard testing can add to the aetiological diagnosis in these cases, especially for patients admitted to the ICU. HBoV1 detection in serum did not contribute significantly to the diagnosis as compared to detection in respiratory secretions.

Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) is a parvovirus associated with pneumonia in infants. It has been detected in different tissues, including colorectal tumors. In this study, we investigated whether Caco-2 cell line, derived from human colon cancer, can be utilized as a model for HBoV1 replication. We demonstrate HBoV1 replication in Caco-2 cultures supplemented with DEAE-dextran after inoculation with respiratory material from infected patients presenting with acute respiratory infection. A viral cycle of rapid development is displayed. However, in spite of HBoV1 DNA 4-fold increment in the supernatants and monolayers by day 1, evidencing that the system allows the virus genome replication after the entry occurred, infectious progeny particles were not produced. These results are consistent with an infection that is limited to a single growth cycle, which can be associated to mutations in the NS1 and VP1/VP2 regions of HBoV1 genome. Further research will contribute to fully elucidate these observations., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) is an agent of acute respiratory infection frequent in children. It can cause pneumonia in infants, in the absence of epidemiological risk factors and comorbidities. Well-controlled studies of clinical cases and case series are still useful for the characterization of the clinicoepideiological features of the infection, while research dives on the molecular biology of the virus and the virus-cell relationship allowing to unveil tha natural history of the infection. This article reviews the state of the art and future perspectives on this new human parvovirus and its etiological role in the respiratory pathology.

Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a new parvovirus associated with acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI). In order to evaluate HBoV significance as an agent of acute respiratory disease, we screened 1,135 respiratory samples from children and adults with and without symptoms during two complete calendar years. HBoV1 prevalence in patients with ARTI was 6.33 % in 2011 and 11.64 % in 2012, including neonatal and adult patients. HBoV1 was also detected in 3.77 % of asymptomatic individuals. The co-detection rate was 78.1 %. Among children, 87 % were clinically diagnosed with lower respiratory infection (no significant differences between patients with and without coinfection), and 31 % exhibited comorbidities. Pediatric patients with comorbidities were significantly older than patients without comorbidities. Patients with ARTI had either high or low viral load, while controls had only low viral load, but there were no clinical differences between patients with high or low viral load. In conclusion, we present evidence of the pathogenic potential of HBoV1 in young children with ARTI. Since patients with HBoV1-single infection are not significantly different from those with coinfection with respect to clinical features, the virus can be as pathogenic by itself as other respiratory agents are. Furthermore, an association between high HBoV1 load and disease could not be demonstrated in this study, but all asymptomatic individuals had low viral loads. Also, children with comorbidities are susceptible to HBoV1 infection at older ages than previously healthy children. Thus, the clinical presentation of infection may occur depending on both viral load and the particular interaction between the HBoV1 and the host.

Antecedents: Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a parvovirus identified for the first time in 2005 associated to upper- and lower- acute respiratory tract infection (ARI), which is one of the main causes of morbimortality in infant population worldwide. Currently four genotypes have been described named HBoV1-4, of which HBoV1 is the one predominantly related to ARI., Objective: To obtain the complete genome of respiratory HBoV locally isolated., Methods: By means of bioinformatics tools such as ClustalW and NCBI Primer-Blast, primers were designed to amplify overlapping DNA fragments altogether spanning the complete genome of HBoV. Fragments were amplified by PCR and sequenced by BigDye Terminator capillary technology. Sequence editing and phylogenetic analysis were accomplished using MEGA v6 software., Results: Complete genome sequence of HBoV1 strain 307AR09 was obtained after isolation from respiratory secretion of a pediatric patient with bronchiolitis. The sequence was deposited in the GenBank public database (accession number KJ634207). The phylogenetic analysis including complete genome sequences of all four genotypes from around the world shows similarity close to 100% between the local strain and the virus originally discovered in Sweden (DQ000495). The four genotypes clustered in 2 groups of high internal homology: HBoV1-HBoV3 and HBoV2-HBoV4., Conclusions: We provide local molecular data that can be used in future technological developments for research and diagnostic tests intended for medical practice. Our results add support to the proposed redistribution of the four genotypes into 2 species.

Unlabelled: It has been suggested that human bocavirus (HBoV) is related to acute respiratory infection (ARI) in children (prevalence: 0.9% to 33%) although clinical characteristics have not been clearly established yet., Objectives: To identify the presence of HBoV in patients with ARI hospitalized in Hospital de Niños de Córdoba and describe cases without co-infection., Method: HBoV screening was done by traditional PCR. Specimens to be screened were obtained from nasal secretions of 222 children under 2 years of age hospitalized due to an ARI during 2011. Demographic, clinical and radiological data were recorded., Results: Fifteen HBoV+ patients (6.8%) were identified. Their median age was 3.5 months (range: 1-22), 7/15 in co-infection (5 respiratory syncytial virus, 1 parainfuenza-3, 1 Bordetella pertussis). Cases without co-infection: pneumonia 5/8, bronchiolitis 3/8; two required intermediate care, 7/8 oxygen therapy, 7/8 bronchodilators, 6/8 antibiotics; associated disease 1/8 (microcephalus/heart disease)., Conclusions: HBoV was identified in 15 out of 222 children (6.8%); the diagnosis of pneumonia was predominant without severe cases nor complications upon discharge.

Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a parvovirus with a possible aetiological role in respiratory disease that is currently under investigation. We detected HBoV1 in children and adults hospitalized with acute disease of the lower respiratory tract. HBoV genome was detected by PCR in nasopharyngeal swabs collected from 75 patients aged 0-89 years during 2010. HBoV was found in 17/75 (22.7 %) patients, 64.7 % of them infants younger than 1 year old and 29.4 % adults older than 30 years [the bimodal age distribution among HBoV-positive (HBoV(+)) patients was statistically significant, P<0.001]. Of all HBoV(+) cases, 35.3 % were co-infected; all co-infections occurred in children (≤13 years old) and 83.3 % of them were HBoV-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) co-infections. Among infants younger than 1 year, 50 % HBoV(+) specimens were co-infected, all of them with RSV. The rate of co-infection in infants was significantly higher compared to the frequency of co-infection in the whole cohort (P = 0.003). The results suggest that HBoV1 is involved in acute respiratory disease. Interplay between HBoV1 and RSV cannot be discarded as a cause of elevated percentages of co-detections in infants.

Unlabelled: Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a parvovirus whose association with respiratory disease is currently under investigation., Objective: To determine HBoV prevalence in children with lower acute respiratory infection., Methods: We investigated HBoV in 433 nasopharyngeal aspirates collected in 2007-2009 from children 0 to 5 years old hospitalized with bronchiolitis or pneumonia in Córdoba, Argentina., Results: The general prevalence of HBoV was 21.5% and the positive cases (HBoV+) were more frequent during winter and spring. The mean age of HBoV+ patients was 6.9 months, with 87.1% of the detections corresponding to infants less than 1 year old (among which the prevalence of HBoV was 26.3% in patients < 3 months of age, 22.1% in 3 to 6 months, 25.3% in 6 to 9 months, and 18.8% in 9 to 12 months). The sequence analysis of the NP1 coding region of 15 isolates showed that all isolates from Cordoba were HBoV1 which exhibited a homology of nearly 100% both among themselves and with the originally discovered virus from 2005., Conclusion: Overall, our results indicate that HBoV is a significant pathogen that contributes to acute respiratory infection both on its own and during coinfection with other viruses.