34 results on '"INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS"'
Search Results
2. TOWARD A PLACE AT THE GLOBAL TABLE FOR RELIGION: A Case Study of The Review of Faith & International Affairs
- Author
-
Dennis R. Hoover
- Subjects
human rights ,religion ,international affairs ,academic journals ,Law ,International relations ,JZ2-6530 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
In this case study, Dennis R. Hoover analyses the context and the role of the quarterly journal The Review of Faith & International Affairs (RFIA) in taking religion both as an analytical factor and as a potential ally in advancing human security and human rights. As Editor of RFIA since its launch in the spring of 2003, Hoover offers an inside perspective on how RFIA became the first scholarly journal to focus exclusively on the roles of religion in world affairs, positioning itself as a forum and catalyst for interdisciplinary intellectual exchange and community, collaborative research, nonpartisan commentary and policy recommendations, and curricular resources for the rising generation of leaders in global engagement. Alongside a growing number of other institutions and initiatives RFIA is working to elevate religion from a “special interest” elective to a core subject in international affairs.
- Published
- 2019
3. TOWARD A PLACE AT THE GLOBAL TABLE FOR RELIGION.
- Author
-
Hoover, Dennis R.
- Subjects
- *
RELIGION & international relations , *SCHOLARLY periodicals , *HUMAN rights , *CHRISTIANITY & other religions - Abstract
In this case study, Dennis R. Hoover analyses the context and the role of the quarterly journal The Review of Faith & International Affairs (RFIA) in taking religion both as an analytical factor and as a potential ally in advancing human security and human rights. As Editor of RFIA since its launch in the spring of 2003, Hoover offers an inside perspective on how RFIA became the first scholarly journal to focus exclusively on the roles of religion in world affairs, positioning itself as a forum and catalyst for interdisciplinary intellectual exchange and community, collaborative research, nonpartisan commentary and policy recommendations, and curricular resources for the rising generation of leaders in global engagement. Alongside a growing number of other institutions and initiatives RFIA is working to elevate religion from a "special interest" elective to a core subject in international affairs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
4. The Children and Armed Conflict Agenda and Forced Displacement.
- Author
-
Mikavica, Dragica and Monaghan, Chrissie
- Subjects
WAR ,CHILD protection services ,FORCED migration ,PEACEBUILDING ,HUMAN rights - Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Human Rights, Transnational Corporations and Embedded Liberalism: What Chance Consensus?
- Author
-
Whelan, Glen, Moon, Jeremy, and Orlitzky, Marc
- Subjects
HUMAN rights & globalization ,SOCIAL responsibility of business ,INTERNATIONAL business enterprises ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,SOCIAL constructionism ,INTERNATIONAL cooperation ,POLITICAL participation - Abstract
This article contextualises current debates over human rights and transnational corporations. More specifically, we begin by first providing the background to John Ruggie’s appointment as ‘Special Representative of the Secretary-General on the issue of human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises’. Second, we provide a brief discussion of the rise of transnational corporations, and of their growing importance in terms of global governance. Third, we introduce the notion of human rights, and note some difficulties associated therewith. Fourth, we refer to Ruggie’s scholarly work on ‘embedded liberalism’, the ‘global public domain’ and ‘social constructivism’. Following this, we refer to the other five papers contained in this Journal of Business Ethics special issue, ‘Spheres of Influence/Spheres of Responsibility: Multinational Corporations and Human Rights’, and consider some of the potential obstacles to Ruggie’s recent suggestion that a ‘new consensus’ has formed, or is forming, around his ‘Protect, Respect and Remedy’ framework. We conclude by raising questions regarding the processes of consensus-building around, and the operationalisation of, Ruggie’s ‘Protect, Respect and Remedy’ framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Diversity in the Age of Terrorism.
- Author
-
Souffrant, Eddy Marcel
- Subjects
TERRORISM ,HUMAN rights ,HUMANISTIC ethics ,INTERNATIONAL business enterprises ,TRANSNATIONALISM ,SUBVERSIVE activities - Abstract
Modernity is part of a vocabulary of Western Universals that, in theory and practice, thrives on a comparative. The West is pitted against the imagined other, an alter ego, an alter-native. Some Western theorists of 18th, 19th, and 20th C. left out the other, the alter - native,(although the latter are significant components of the structure of Modernity) in their deliberation of an associated modern socio-political environments. The silence and theoretical neglect of the other have triggered in turn a reaction against the nefarious consequences of an eviscerated, truncated modernity. The human rights regime as a modern project challenges the presumption that the modern universal, human rights,is relevant for only a segment of the human global population. In the wake of the increasing publicity of transnational and intra-national terror, I consider the impact of policies that aim to combat terror as a contemporary form of silence or disregard against the background of the concepts of diversity and human rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Human Rights Issues: Are they a low priority under President Obama?
- Author
-
Jost, Kenneth
- Subjects
- *
HUMAN rights , *TERRORISM , *HUMAN rights movements ,FOREIGN relations of the United States - Abstract
Human rights advocates are voicing disappointment with what they have seen so far of President Obama's approach to human rights issues in forming U.S. foreign policy. They applaud Obama for working to restore U.S. influence on human rights by changing President George W. Bush's policies on interrogating and detaining terrorism suspects. But they also see evidence that the Obama administration is reluctant to challenge authoritarian governments for clamping down on political dissidents or rigging elections. As one example, these critics complain that Obama should not have tried to curry favor with the Chinese government by postponing a meeting with the Dalai Lama until after the president visits China in November. Administration officials insist Obama is devoted to human rights and democratization and cite among other moves the decision to join the United Nations Human Rights Council. Conservative critics, however, say the council is a flawed institution and the United States should have stayed out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
8. Human Rights in China: Are crackdowns on basic freedoms increasing?
- Author
-
Billitteri, Thomas J.
- Subjects
- *
HUMAN rights , *RULE of law , *HUMAN rights violations , *PUBLIC demonstrations - Abstract
When the curtain rises on the Summer Olympics next month in Beijing, China will eagerly showcase its hypersonic economic growth and its embrace of what it calls the "rule of law." But 19 years after its bloody suppression of protesters in Tiananmen Square, China will also be displaying its human-rights record for all to judge. Human-rights advocates say the sheen of Chinese progress and prosperity hides repression and brutality by the Chinese Communist Party, including the violent repression of pro-independence protesters in Tibet, forced abortions stemming from China's one-child policy and the trampling of basic freedoms of speech, religion and assembly. Chinese government officials say their nation of 1.3 billion people has made huge strides on the legal and human-rights fronts and that the West has no business interfering in China's internal affairs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
9. Stopping Genocide: Should the U.S. and U.N. take action in Sudan?
- Author
-
Glazer, Sarah
- Subjects
- *
GENOCIDE prevention , *POLITICAL leadership , *RWANDANS , *HOLOCAUST (Jewish theology) - Abstract
Ten years ago, nearly a million ethnic-minority Rwandans died in a government-planned massacre. Political leaders in the United States and the United Nations later admitted they should have intervened and vowed "Never again" — just as they vowed after the Holocaust. But as ethnic killings occurring today in western Sudan make tragically clear, genocide still flourishes. The Bush administration supports sanctions against the Khartoum government, but human-rights activists say an international force is needed to protect civilians. With U.S. troops stretched thin in Iraq, however, the United States has been reluctant to act. Some question whether Americans, preoccupied with terrorism, have the appetite for humanitarian military actions. The U.N. has tried to improve its poor record of mobilizing troops by authorizing Western powers to lead forces in recent crises. But many believe the U.N. is politically paralyzed by the competing interests of the five major members of the Security Council, who can veto any military action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
10. Ethics of War: Does the U.S. treat detainees from Afghanistan fairly?
- Author
-
Masci, David
- Subjects
- *
WAR , *ETHICS , *MILITARY detainees , *TERRORISM , *HUMANITARIAN law - Abstract
The war on terrorism unleashed by the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks has raised questions about how civilized nations should confront enemies that flout established international humanitarian law. Amnesty International and other groups contend the United States is violating the Geneva Convention -- which mandates humane treatment of civilians and prisoners of war (POWs) -- by holding captives from the war in Afghanistan incommunicado. But the administration says its Al Qaeda and Taliban prisoners do not warrant POW status because they did not represent legitimate states. Meanwhile, religious leaders say attacking Iraq would not constitute a "just war" because Saddam Hussein does not pose an imminent threat. But others say Hussein must be confronted because he has used weapons of mass destruction before and could do so again. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2002
11. Rebuilding Afghanistan: How much will the U.S. help after the war ends?
- Author
-
Jost, Kenneth
- Subjects
- *
INTERIM governments , *INTERNATIONAL economic assistance , *HUMANITARIAN assistance , *ECONOMIC history ,SOCIAL conditions in Afghanistan - Abstract
A U.S. bombing campaign has helped drive out the Taliban — the strict Islamist regime that ruled Afghanistan for the last five years. Now, an interim government will seek to unite the country and heal ethnic and religious animosities. But after 23 years of war, Afghanistan faces an immense challenge of political, social and economic reconstruction. The economy is in ruins, the land and the infrastructure devastated. Hunger is widespread after a three-year drought. The education and health-care systems are in shambles. The United States and other donor countries have pledged to help rebuild Afghanistan. Some groups say that as much as $25 billion will be needed over the next 10 years, but the Bush administration has not yet proposed an aid package. And the administration may give greater attention, some experts warn, to the next steps in its war against terrorism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2001
12. Democracy in Latin America: Can it overcome the region's problems?
- Author
-
Jost, Kenneth
- Subjects
- *
POLITICAL violence , *ELECTIONS , *CRIME , *DEMOCRATIC socialism , *DEMOCRATIZATION - Abstract
Latin America has made great advances toward democracy over the past decade. Mostcountries are now accustomed to relatively free elections and peaceful transitions of power. But poverty rates and economic inequities remain high in many countries. And even though political violence has subsided in the region, crime rates are high. Some democratic governments are too weak to deal effectively with civil-disorder issues, and many are rife with corruption. Critics say that Peru and Venezuela illustrate the continuing threat to democracy from authoritarian or stridently populist leaders. But Mexico's election of a new president from the opposition party provides a hopeful sign for democratization in the United States' closest Latin American neighbor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2000
13. 13 Acts of Academic Journalism and Historical Commentary on Human Rights:Opinions, Interventions and the Torsions of Politics
- Author
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Dorfman, Benjamin
- Subjects
International affairs ,Politics ,Social relations ,Commentary ,Human rights ,Contemporary history - Published
- 2017
14. Human Rights: How much progress after 50 years?
- Author
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Jost, Kenneth
- Subjects
- *
SOCIAL & economic rights , *HUMAN rights violations , *GLOBALIZATION , *INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Human rights advocates are preparing to mark the 50th anniversary of the United Nations' Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the first comprehensive charter of individual freedoms. Fifty years later, most of the world's countries have ratified a series of binding treaties committing them to respect key civil, political, social and economic rights. Human rights advocates say that conditions have improved since 1948 and that the U.N.'s human rights machinery has been strengthened. But they also say that flagrant abuses continue to occur in countries throughout the world. The United States itself has been criticized for failing to ratify many human rights treaties and for opposing a new proposal to create an International Criminal Court for serious human rights violations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1998
15. Democracy in Eastern Europe: Are ex-communist nations making the transition?
- Author
-
Jost, Kenneth
- Subjects
- *
DEMOCRATIZATION , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *WORLD War II , *INTERNATIONAL conflict - Abstract
After World War II, the Soviet Union sequestered most of Eastern Europe behind an Iron Curtain of communist rule. Then in 1989, popular discontent toppled communist governments in rapid succession. Today, 10 years after the fall of the Berlin Wall, most of the former communist nations are functioning democracies with free elections and multiparty political systems. In the former Yugoslavia, however, ethnic-religious rivalries have spawned bloody conflicts and thwarted efforts by the United States and NATO to help establish peaceful democracies. Elsewhere in Eastern Europe, however, democracy appears secure although the public in many of the countries are unhappy with specific government policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1999
16. Global Refugee Crisis: Can early intervention stem the tide?
- Author
-
Cooper, Mary H.
- Subjects
- *
GLOBALIZATION , *FEMALE genital mutilation , *NATIONAL security - Abstract
After a NATO bombing campaign that lasted more than two months, the United States and its NATO allies forced Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic to stop driving ethnic Albanians from Kosovo. While the "ethnic cleansing" has stopped, it has produced Europe's worst refugee crisis since World War II. The military intervention was but the latest in a series of efforts to stem a rising tide of refugees fleeing ethnic conflicts and civil wars that have erupted the world over in the 1990s. Critics of U.S. military involvement say the bombing only made the refugees' situation worse. But supporters of military action call it an unqualified success. Still other critics say that resettling the refugees in the United States makes it unlikely that they will ever return home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1999
17. Women and Human Rights: Is the global anti-violence campaign succeeding?
- Author
-
Cooper, Mary H.
- Subjects
- *
HUMAN rights , *CHILD abuse , *SEX crimes , *FEMALE genital mutilation , *DEMOCRATIZATION - Abstract
Ethnic and religious conflict throughout the world has sparked horrific violence against women and girls in recent years. From Bosnia to Rwanda, combatants use rape, mutilation and enslavement to terrorize civilian populations. Islamic militants in Afghanistan subject women to severe punishment for minor offenses. In the absence of conflict, women still face violence - from wife-burning in India to "honor killings" of rape victims in the Middle East to forced prostitution in Asia. An international women's rights movement is gathering strength, with strong United Nations and Clinton administration support, but the Senate has yet to ratify a key U.N. convention designed to protect women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1999
18. Holocaust Reparations: Should survivors seek compensation for Nazi crimes?
- Author
-
Jost, Kenneth
- Subjects
- *
ART museums , *INTERNATIONAL economic relations , *DEMOCRATIZATION , *REFUGEES , *WORLD War II , *WAR reparations - Abstract
About 6 million Jews were killed in the Holocaust, but Nazi Germany's war against European Jews also had a financial side. The Nazis confiscated homes and personal belongings of Jews, took over Jewish-owned businesses and looted artworks from Jewish collectors. Now, some Holocaust survivors and heirs are seeking restitution for financial losses. In one case, Swiss banks have agreed to pay $1.25 billion to heirs of Holocaust victims who opened accounts before their deaths. Other survivors are seeking payment on insurance policies, return of stolen art or compensation for forced labor in German factories. Some say the litigation will provide a measure of justice for Holocaust survivors, but others fear the efforts create a misleading picture about the nature of history's worst genocidal slaughter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1999
19. Reform in Iran: Are moderates changing the Islamic Republic?
- Author
-
Masci, David
- Subjects
- *
DISSENTERS , *SCHOLARS , *CONSERVATISM , *SOCIAL support - Abstract
In 1979, religious dissidents deposed the shah of Iran, casting aside his attempts to Westernize the oil-rich nation. Twenty years later, some scholars say that Iran is once again on the verge of profound change. They point to the election of moderate Mohammad Khatami to the presidency as proof that most Iranians reject the conservatism of the Islamic Republic. But other Iran-watchers say that Khatami has no desire to reverse the changes brought by the 1979 revolution, nor could he. Meanwhile, there is growing disagreement over whether U.S. economic sanctions against Iran bolster Iranian moderates and discourage Iran from supporting terrorism or encourage hard-liners within Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1998
20. Democracy in Asia: Is democracy making gains in Asia?
- Author
-
Jost, Kenneth
- Subjects
- *
DEMOCRACY , *HUMAN rights , *FINANCIAL crises , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *PRESSURE groups - Abstract
Democracy has not fared well in Asia, through history or in recent times. Today, most Asians live under communist governments, military regimes or virtual one-party states. But Asia also includes two big, long-established democracies: India and Japan. And with the fall of Indonesia's autocratic longtime president, Suharto, the world's fourth most populous country could be joining the ranks of democratic nations. But the country's new president, B.J. Habibie, faces a dire economic crisis, and some reformers doubt his commitment to political change. In addition, some Asians continue to debate whether democracy conflicts with Asian values, and U.S. policy-makers are often at odds with interest groups on how best to promote democracy in Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1998
21. Castro's Next Move: Is Cuba's "maximum leader" mellowing?
- Author
-
Masci, David
- Subjects
- *
LEADERSHIP , *COMMUNISTS - Abstract
When Fidel Castro welcomes Pope John Paul II to Cuba in January, it will be yet another indication that the communist nation may be opening up. As further evidence of the trend, some Cuba-watchers point to increased freedom of worship and the small but steady steps toward a market economy. But to others, the papal trip merely reflects Castro's search for new allies to prop up his unpopular, economically struggling regime. The United States, meanwhile, continues its strict trade and travel embargo in an effort to force Castro to move toward democracy. But embargo opponents say that the U.S. sanctions hurt ordinary Cubans and help Castro, by giving him a powerful propaganda tool to use at home and abroad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1997
22. Religious Persecution: Is the global persecution of Christians increasing?
- Author
-
Jost, Kenneth
- Subjects
- *
PERSECUTION , *HUMAN rights , *CHRISTIANS , *COMMUNISTS , *DISCRIMINATION (Sociology) - Abstract
Christianity is the world's largest and richest religion. But Christians in many countries say they face discrimination or repression because of their faith, particularly in Islamic and communist nations. Now, activists are waging a worldwide campaign on behalf of persecuted Christians. In the United States, Christian groups are lobbying Congress to pass legislation cutting off non-humanitarian aid to countries responsible for religious persecution. But leaders of the campaign have touched off a bitter debate by accusing liberal human rights and religious groups of ignoring the mistreatment of Christians - accusations that those organizations vigorously reject. Some religious experts also dispute the claim that persecution of Christians is on the rise and complain that the campaign is ignoring mistreatment of people of other faiths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1997
23. Assisting Refugees: Do current aid policies add to the problems?
- Author
-
Masci, David
- Subjects
- *
REFUGEE services , *SOCIAL problems , *PHILANTHROPISTS , *REFUGEE policy - Abstract
The refugee crisis in Zaire and Rwandahas once again focused world attention on displaced people. Affecting more than 5 million people,the crisis has forced refugee-aid groups, governments and others to reassess the way aid to refugees is now rendered. For the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees and other humanitarian relief organizations,the situation raises fundamental questions about aiding refugees: Can efforts to help actually make matters worse? And how can tragedies like the one in Central Africa be prevented or at least mitigated in the future? For the United States and other developed nations, the crisis has reopened the debate over whether using soldiers to assist humanitarian relief efforts is appropriate, and whether dramatic media coverage of crises can lead to bad policy decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1997
24. Child Labor and Sweatshops: Do U.S. consumers abet worker exploitation?
- Author
-
Clark, Charles S.
- Subjects
- *
CHILD labor , *CONSUMERS , *EXPLOITATION of humans , *HUMAN rights workers ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
American shoppers may not know it, but many of the name-brand products they purchase - from clothing to carpets to sports equipment - were made under appalling circumstances. Grim reports of worker exploitation contain images straight out of a Charles Dickens novel: children kidnapped and sold into prostitution, or toiling at age four in hazardous worksites alongside adults struggling for subsistence- level wages. Though the bulk of the abuse takes place in Third World countries, Americans were stunned by the recent discovery of virtual slave-labor conditions in garment sweatshops in California and New York City. Now a growing movement of U.S. and international officials, union and business leaders, human rights activists and celebrities has mobilized to challenge these deep-rooted practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1996
25. United Nations at 50: What Role will the World Body Play in the 21st Century?
- Author
-
Cooper, Mary H.
- Subjects
- *
HUMAN rights , *SOCIAL development , *ECONOMIC development , *DECOLONIZATION - Abstract
The United Nations celebrates its golden anniversary this year. To mark the occasion, world leaders will gather in New York on Oct. 22-24 for a special commemorative meeting of the General Assembly. The event is designed to draw attention to a half-century of achievements in economic and social development, decolonization, human rights, disarmament and peacekeeping. But the U.N.'s past accomplishments may be overshadowed by concerns about its current operations. The failure of U.N. peacekeeping forces to end the civil war in the former Yugoslavia is raising questions about the U.N.'s future role in world affairs. Some American lawmakers are questioning the value of U.S. participation in multilateral organizations. And critics around the world accuse the U.N. of squandering its 185 members' contributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1995
26. War Crimes: Should an international court prosecute atrocities?
- Author
-
Jost, Kenneth
- Subjects
- *
RECONCILIATION , *INTERNATIONAL courts , *INTERNATIONAL law & human rights - Abstract
The wars in Bosnia and Rwanda have been waged with brutal, wide- scale attacks against civilians. Serbs have carried out their policy of "ethnic cleansing" in the former Yugoslavia by detaining thousands of Croats and Muslims in camps where murder, torture and rape have been common. In Rwanda, the majority Hutus killed hundreds of thousands of ethnic Tutsis in the now-ended civil war. Under pressure from international human rights groups and an outraged world community, the United Nations has convened the first international war crimes tribunal since the Nuremberg and Tokyo trials after World War II. Supporters hope that punishing individuals responsible for wartime atrocities will deter future abuses. But critics say the prosecutions are unworkable and may hamper peacemaking and reconciliation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1995
27. Democracy in Africa: Is democracy taking root in sub-Saharan Africa?
- Author
-
Jost, Kenneth
- Subjects
- *
DEMOCRACY , *POWER (Social sciences) , *DEMOCRATIZATION , *EXTERNAL debts , *POLITICAL reform - Abstract
After winning independence from European colonial powers, most African nations fell victim to one-party or one-man rule. But democracy has begun to advance in the last few years. Today, 18 countries of sub-Saharan Africa are counted as functioning democracies, and as many as 35 are in some stage of democratic transition. But entrenched autocrats continue to rule some of Africa's largest countries, including Nigeria, Zaire and Kenya. Barriers to democratization persist throughout the continent: grinding poverty, widespread illiteracy, limited investment, huge foreign debts and ethnic and religious conflicts. And the Republican-controlled Congress may cut U.S. aid for Africa. Nonetheless, advocates of African democracy say that popular pressure within Africa itself will bring about more political reform in the coming years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1995
28. İnsan haklarıyla ilgisi bakımından uluslararası ilişkilerde yaygın devlet anlayışı
- Author
-
Kara, Elif Dilan, Şahintürk, Sevgi, İnsan Hakları Ana Bilim Dalı, İyi, Sevgi, Maltepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, and Kara, Elif Dilan
- Subjects
Human rigths ,İnsan hakları ,International affairs ,İnsan ,International Relations ,Uluslararası İlişkiler ,Devlet ,Human being ,Human rights ,State understanding ,Uluslararası ilişkiler ,State - Abstract
Uluslararası ilişkiler terimi iki anlama sahiptir. Bunlardan biri bir disiplin anlamına gelmekte diğeri bir ilişki türü anlamına gelmektedir. Bir disiplin olarak uluslararası ilişkiler bu ilişki türünü incelemektedir. Uluslararası ilişkiler alanında, devlet kendi başına bir varlık ve aktör olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu alandaki insan hakları çalışmaları kendi başına varlık olarak devlet kavrayışı çerçevesinde şekillenmektedir. Fakat felsefi temelli insan hakları kavrayışında devlet, insanlar tarafından kurulan bir kurumdur ve bir insan fenomenidir. Ne var ki uluslararası ilişkiler çerçevesindeki insan hakları çalışmaların ve uygulamaların, kendi başına varlık olarak devlet kavrayışına dayandığı görülmektedir. Oysa insan hakları çalışmaları ve uygulamalarında devlet, bir kurum ve insan fenomeni olarak ele alınmalıdır., The term 'international affairs' has two meanings. One of them denotes a discipline and the other one denotes a kind of relationship. International affairs as a discipline inquires into this kind of relationship. In the area of international affairs, the state is assumed to be a being in itself and an actor. Studies on human rights in this area are developed in the framework of this conception of the state as a being in itself. But, from the viewpoint of the philosophical concept of human rights the state is an institution established by human beings and a human being phenomenon. However, it is observed that the studies on, and the applications of, human rights in the framework of international affairs are based on the conseption of the state as a being in itself. In fact, in such studies and applications the state should be considered as a human institution and a human phenomenon.
- Published
- 2016
29. Human Rights, Transnational Corporations and Embedded Liberalism: What Chance Consensus?
- Author
-
Jeremy Moon, Marc Orlitzky, Glen Whelan, Whelan, G, Moon, Jeremy, and Orlitzky, Marc
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,John Ruggie ,media_common.quotation_subject ,embedded liberalism ,transnational corporations (TNCs) ,human rights ,Embedded liberalism ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,international affairs ,regulation of markets ,Sociology ,Business and International Management ,Social constructivism ,media_common ,International relations ,corporate social responsibility ,Human rights ,multinational corporations (MNCs) ,General Business, Management and Accounting ,Global governance ,global governance ,Multinational corporation ,Law ,social constructivism ,Corporate social responsibility ,Business ethics - Abstract
This article contextualises current debates over human rights and transnational corporations. More specifically, we begin by first providing the background to John Ruggie's appointment as 'Special Representative of the Secretary-General on the issue of human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises'. Second, we provide a brief discussion of the rise of transnational corporations, and of their growing importance in terms of global governance. Third, we introduce the notion of human rights, and note some difficulties associated therewith. Fourth, we refer to Ruggie's scholarly work on 'embedded liberalism', the 'global public domain' and 'social constructivism'. Following this, we refer to the other five papers contained in this Journal of Business Ethics special issue, 'Spheres of Influence/ Spheres of Responsibility: Multinational Corporations and Human Rights', and consider some of the potential obstacles to Ruggie's recent suggestion that a 'new consensus' has formed, or is forming, around his 'Protect, Respect and Remedy' framework. We conclude by raising questions regarding the processes of consensus building around, and the operationalisation of, Ruggie's 'Protect, Respect and Remedy' framework.
- Published
- 2009
30. Afghanistan in Transition : Looking Beyond 2014
- Author
-
World Bank
- Subjects
BUDGET DEFICITS ,CESSATION OF HOSTILITIES ,GROWTH RATES ,RECONCILIATION ,VALUE ADDED ,RURAL DEVELOPMENT ,PRIVATE INVESTMENT ,HOUSEHOLD INCOMES ,ROAD ,AID PROGRAMS ,INFLATION ,INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,EMPLOYMENT ,POLICY MAKERS ,POLITICAL AUTHORITY ,ECONOMIC STABILITY ,FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION ,COMMUNITY LEADERS ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,RECESSION ,UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM ,MILITARIZATION ,DESERTION ,GROSS NATIONAL INCOME ,WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS ,GOVERNANCE ENVIRONMENT ,CRIMINALITY ,MILITARY INTERVENTION ,AID FLOWS ,PER CAPITA INCOME ,PUBLIC FINANCES ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,PAYROLL COSTS ,PUBLIC SPENDING ,ECONOMIC BOOM ,PRODUCTIVITY INCREASES ,GOVERNMENT CAPACITY ,WITHDRAWAL ,VIOLENCE ,GOVERNMENT BUDGET ,TRANSPARENCY ,REAL EXCHANGE RATE ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,POLITICAL PROCESS ,PENSIONS ,BALANCE OF PAYMENTS ,INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,PEACE ,NATIONALISM ,COUNTERINSURGENCY ,INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS ,TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH ,ECONOMIC COOPERATION ,STRUCTURAL CHANGE ,INTERNATIONAL AID ,FISCAL DEFICITS ,POLITICAL ECONOMY OUTCOMES ,NEGOTIATIONS ,TECHNICAL COOPERATION ,INTEREST PAYMENTS ,WORLDWIDE GOVERNANCE INDICATORS ,GOVERNMENT RESPONSE ,PER CAPITA INCOMES ,CRITICAL IMPORTANCE ,POLITICAL INSTABILITY ,MILITARY EXPENDITURE ,COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ,DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE ,POST CONFLICT RECONSTRUCTION ,DISBURSEMENTS ,INTERNATIONAL MILITARY FORCES ,FISCAL GAPS ,GDP ,BLOCK GRANTS ,MACROECONOMIC STABILITY ,BASE YEAR ,CITIZENS ,LIFE EXPECTANCY ,POLITICAL ECONOMY ,HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ,CONSOLIDATION ,EXPORTS ,GDP DEFLATOR ,LOCAL GOVERNANCE ,YOUTH ,ETHNIC DIVERSITY ,EQUIPMENT ,NATIONAL AGENDA ,PRIVATE SECTOR GROWTH ,DONOR FUNDS ,PUBLIC HEALTH ,RESPECT ,FUNDING SOURCES ,DIRECT INVESTMENT ,AID DEPENDENCY ,RAPID POPULATION GROWTH ,HUMAN CAPACITY ,INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS ,POOR PERFORMANCE ,ELECTIONS ,REAL GDP ,UNDP ,RURAL ACCESS ,AID DEPENDENCE ,INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE ,CORRUPTION INDICATOR ,LABOR MARKETS ,REAL ESTATE ,MORTALITY RATE ,DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES ,CORRUPTION ,ENROLLMENTS ,TRANSPORT ,INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT ,DONOR INVESTMENTS ,POLITICAL PARTIES ,WORLD DEVELOPMENT ,ADVERSE IMPACTS ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ,PUBLIC SERVICE ,PEACEKEEPING ,WEAPONS ,AID FINANCING ,ECONOMIC GROWTH ,GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT ,COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ,TRUST FUND ,SECURITY FORCES ,JOB OPPORTUNITIES ,EXTERNAL FINANCING ,PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ,CIVIL LIBERTIES ,POLITICAL SYSTEMS ,IMF ,AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ,SCHOOL BUILDINGS ,NATIONAL GOVERNMENT ,PRODUCTIVITY ,INVESTING ,NATIONS ,PUBLIC INVESTMENTS ,CIVIL WAR ,RULE OF LAW ,VIOLENT CONFLICT ,POLITICAL POWER ,INTERNATIONAL SECURITY ,CRIME ,POLITICAL LEADERS ,TACTICS ,POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS ,POLITICAL STABILITY ,INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENT ,INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS ,AID EFFECTIVENESS ,DIPLOMACY ,REGULATORY QUALITY ,FOREIGN FINANCING ,GOVERNMENT INTERVENTIONS ,PRIORITIES ,CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS ,ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS ,REHABILITATION ,BANK OFFICE ,ECONOMIC OUTLOOK ,PRIMARY EDUCATION ,FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ,DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS ,GENDER GAPS ,NATIONAL PRIORITY ,GROWTH PROJECTIONS ,SUSTAINABILITY ,TAKEOVER ,LIVE BIRTHS ,NEUTRALITY ,OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE ,BUDGET MANAGEMENT ,WAGES ,GAPS ,EXTERNAL FUNDING ,RURAL AREAS ,POLITICAL UNCERTAINTY ,COLLECTIVE ACTION ,RECONSTRUCTION ,FINANCIAL AID ,YOUNG MEN ,NATIONAL INCOME ,PROGRESS ,CIVIL SERVICE ,MORTALITY ,LAW INDICATOR ,DONOR FUNDING ,GDP PER CAPITA ,FIGHTING ,LARGE CITIES ,DEPENDENCY RATIOS ,WARS ,INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS ,BANKING SECTOR ,MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ,HUMAN RIGHTS ,ADVERSE IMPACT ,NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE ,AGRICULTURE ,INVESTMENT CLIMATE ,KINSHIP ,FISCAL DISCIPLINE ,PUBLIC FUNDS ,DRUG ,ACCOUNTING ,GOVERNMENT EFFECTIVENESS ,POLITICAL LEADERSHIP ,AGGREGATE DEMAND ,REMITTANCES ,BOUNDARIES ,INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,RATES OF POPULATION ,HUMAN CAPITAL ,CITIZEN ,INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY ,HOUSEHOLD INCOME ,WORKING POPULATION ,BUSINESS CONFIDENCE ,GOVERNMENT SPENDING ,EXPENDITURES ,LEGISLATION ,SIDE EFFECTS ,TORTURE ,SOVEREIGNTY ,RATES OF RETURN ,DRUGS ,HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE ,CASH CROP ,CONFLICTS ,PRIMARY SCHOOL ,CONFLICT ,SOCIOECONOMIC INDICATORS ,DESERTIONS ,POLITICAL RIGHTS ,FOREIGN AID ,NATIONAL SECURITY ,HYPERINFLATION ,FIXED INVESTMENT ,TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY ,CAPACITY BUILDING ,HEALTH SERVICES ,REFUGEES ,DEVELOPMENT FINANCING ,FINANCING NEEDS ,TRUST FUNDS ,UNDERDEVELOPED FINANCIAL SECTOR ,EXPENDITURE ,HUMAN RESOURCE ,OPERATING COSTS - Abstract
Afghanistan will experience a major security and development transition over the next three years. At the Kabul and Lisbon Conferences in 2010, NATO and the Afghan government agreed that full responsibility for security would be handed over to the Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF) by the end of 2014. Development progress since 2001 has been mixed. Some major achievements have been recorded, such as rapid economic growth (with large fluctuations), relatively low inflation (after hyperinflation in the 1990s), better public financial management, and gains in basic health and education. Key social indicators, including life expectancy and maternal mortality, have improved markedly (admittedly from an extremely low base), and women are participating more in the economy. Yet in other respects, particularly governance and institution building, the country has fared less well, and many indicators have worsened in recent years. Afghanistan remains one of the world's least developed countries, with a per capita gross domestic product (GDP) of only $528 in 2010/11. More than a third of the population live below the poverty line, more than half are vulnerable and at serious risk of falling into poverty, and three?quarters are illiterate. This report is intended to be comprehensive, so it also discusses the broader historical and political economy context of development in the country, and how Afghanistan compares with other countries that have undergone their own transitions over the past 30 years. This report is based on data collected from various sources in 2011, and its analysis and findings therefore comprise the team's considered assessment using the best available information available by the end of that year. In addition, projections of future trends in Afghanistan inevitably are subject to uncertainty and reflect any weaknesses in the underlying data. Thus the report's projections should be seen as subject to further adjustments and improvements as better and more recent information become available. This report is presented in two volumes. Volume one is a stand?alone Overview which highlights the main findings, projections, and recommendations of the study. Volume two consists of five chapters presenting the detailed empirical background, analytical findings, projections, and recommendations of the study, along with a concluding chapter and three technical appendices.
- Published
- 2012
31. Drug Trafficking and Violence in Central America and Beyond
- Author
-
Demombynes, Gabriel
- Subjects
MURDER ,WEAPONS ,ALCOHOL ,TREATIES ,PENAL SANCTIONS ,CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM ,LAW-ENFORCEMENT ,STATE INSTITUTIONS ,GUNS ,HEROIN ,ORGANIZED CRIME ,DRUG TRAFFICKING ,SECURITY FORCES ,GUERRILLA ,LEVELS OF CRIME ,CRIMES ,YOUNG MALES ,CIVIL SOCIETY ,CRIMINAL ACTIVITIES ,INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ,KIDNAPPING ,BRIBE ,FIREARM ,NATIONS ,CIVIL WAR ,VIOLENT CONFLICT ,POLICE OFFICERS ,CORRUPT OFFICIALS ,CRIME ,CRIMINALITY ,NARCOTICS TRAFFICKING ,MURDER RATES ,CRIMINAL SANCTIONS ,HOMICIDES ,DRUG USE ,RISK FACTORS ,ABUSES ,BRIBES ,CRIMINAL JUSTICE ,CRIMINAL COURT ,VIOLENCE ,LAW ENFORCEMENT ,DEATHS ,CORRUPT ,DEMOCRACY ,EXTRADITION TREATY ,GUERRILLA GROUPS ,MARIJUANA USE ,ARMED CONFLICT ,PEACE ,VIOLENT CRIME ,WARFARE ,ARMED FORCES ,YOUNG MEN ,CIVIL WARS ,BRIBERY ,DRUG TRADE ,MORTALITY ,CONFLICT RESOLUTION ,PROSECUTORS ,DRUG SEIZURES ,NARCOTICS ,PROBATION ,YOUTH GANGS ,FIGHTING ,BATTLES ,INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS ,VICTIMS ,MURDER RATE ,HUMAN RIGHTS ,GANG MEMBERS ,PROSECUTION ,EXTRADITION ,HOMICIDE RATES ,PUBLIC OPINION ,COCAINE ,CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEMS ,INVESTIGATION ,GANGS ,CRIMINAL ACTIVITY ,COMPLAINT ,HOMICIDE ,NARCOTICS CONTROL ,DUE PROCESS ,GUN ,PRISON ,CRIMINALS ,DRUG ,ROADS ,ACCOUNTING ,HOMICIDE RATE ,PERPETRATORS ,TOBACCO ,JUDICIARY ,ROBBERY ,DRUG TRAFFICKERS ,ARMED CONFLICTS ,PENALTIES ,POLICE ,TRIALS ,LIABILITY ,YOUTH ,PAYOFFS ,ILLICIT DRUG ,PUBLIC HEALTH ,COURTS ,CRIMINAL ,CONFIDENCE ,INITIATIVE ,MURDERS ,INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS ,CRIME PREVENTION ,POLITICIAN ,CRIME PREVENTION MEASURES ,PUBLIC OFFICIALS ,JUDICIAL CORRUPTION ,INTERNATIONAL LAW ,AMBASSADOR ,FIREARMS ,TORTURE ,PRETRIAL DETENTION ,DRUGS ,CRIME RATES ,CONFLICT ,ILLICIT DRUGS ,PRISONS ,BURGLARY ,REPRESSION ,CORRUPTION ,POLITICIANS ,COERCION ,OFFENSE ,GANG ,LAWS ,MONEY LAUNDERING ,MARIJUANA ,WORLD DEVELOPMENT ,LEADERSHIP ,DEMOBILIZATION ,SAFE HAVENS - Abstract
This paper examines the relationship between narcotics trafficking and violence in Central America. The first part of the paper addresses particular questions posed for the 2011 World Development Report and examines several competing hypothesis on the drivers of crime in Central America. A key finding is that areas exposed to intense narcotics trafficking in Central America suffer from higher homicide rates. Drug trafficking has corrupted state institutions, which have been overwhelmed by the resources deployed by trafficking organizations. The second part of the paper reviews the reasons drug trafficking and anti trafficking enforcement are associated with violence in general and consider policy options.
- Published
- 2011
32. Improving Security in Violent Conflict Settings : Security and Justice Thematic Paper
- Author
-
Spear, Joanna and Harborne, Bernard
- Subjects
CESSATION OF HOSTILITIES ,INTERNATIONAL LEVEL ,MISCONDUCT ,PEACEKEEPING ,WEAPONS ,RECONCILIATION ,ALCOHOL ,CIVILIAN POPULATIONS ,STATE INSTITUTIONS ,GUNS ,ORGANIZED CRIME ,ROAD ,MERCENARY ,GUERRILLA ,ARMED GROUPS ,WEAPON ,CIVIL SOCIETY ,TERRORISM ,ARMS CONTROL ,FOREIGN POLICY ,INCARCERATION ,INTERNATIONAL INTERVENTION ,NATIONS ,CIVIL WAR ,RULE OF LAW ,REBEL FORCES ,SOCIAL MOVEMENTS ,VIOLENT CONFLICT ,TEENAGERS ,COMMUNITY VIOLENCE ,GENDER BASED VIOLENCE ,MASS VIOLENCE ,DEMOCRACIES ,INTEGRITY ,SOCIAL REINTEGRATION ,MENTAL HEALTH ,ASSETS ,ABUSES ,EXCOMBATANTS ,WAR ,CRIMINAL JUSTICE ,PARLIAMENTARY OVERSIGHT ,VIOLENCE ,GRAVE ,HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS ,REHABILITATION ,TRANSPARENCY ,LAW ENFORCEMENT ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,DEATHS ,CORRUPT ,PEACE AGREEMENTS ,POLITICAL REFORM ,PEACE RESEARCH ,DEMOCRACY ,ARMED CONFLICT ,OFFENDERS ,PEACE ,VIOLENT CRIME ,RAPE ,ARMED FORCES ,RECONSTRUCTION ,DISPUTE RESOLUTION ,CIVIL WARS ,EXTORTION ,PRIVATE ARMY ,DONOR COUNTRIES ,COUNTERINSURGENCY ,YOUTH GANGS ,FIGHTING ,VIOLENCE PREVENTION ,WARS ,INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS ,NEGOTIATIONS ,VICTIMS ,YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT ,HUMAN RIGHTS ,GANG MEMBERS ,MINISTER ,MUGGING ,PEACE PROCESSES ,EX-COMBATANTS ,EX-COMBATANT ,COCAINE ,FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ,REBEL ,MEDIATION ,SLUM ,CRIMINAL ACTIVITY ,MILITARY INTERVENTIONS ,HOMICIDE ,DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS ,ALLIANCE ,GENOCIDE ,INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT ,INTERNATIONAL DONORS ,INSECURITY ,GUN ,POLITICAL VIOLENCE ,PRISON ,JAIL ,EX-FIGHTERS ,HIGH RISK YOUTH ,DRUG ,SOCIAL SERVICE ,JUDICIARY ,CONFLICT MANAGEMENT ,BOUNDARIES ,MONOPOLY ,CESSATION OF HOSTILITY ,POLICE ,BATTLE ,JUDICIAL REFORM ,YOUTH ,POLITICAL TRANSITIONS ,INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY ,SOCIAL WELL-BEING ,PUBLIC HEALTH ,CRIMINAL ,MILITIA ,CONFIDENCE ,INITIATIVE ,FORMER FIGHTERS ,MILITARY REFORM ,ECONOMIC REINTEGRATION ,PEACE ACCORDS ,PRIVATIZATION ,INTERNATIONAL STUDIES ,ELECTIONS ,VIOLENT CONFLICTS ,SOVEREIGNTY ,UNDP ,DRUGS ,TRAFFICKING ,CONFLICTS ,ABUSE ,INTERNATIONAL ENTERPRISE ,NEEDS ASSESSMENT ,PRISONS ,HUMAN SECURITY ,CORRUPTION ,LEGAL FRAMEWORK ,INTERNATIONAL SOLIDARITY ,GANG MEMBER ,GANG ,LAWS ,POLITICAL SETTLEMENT ,SOLDIERS ,REFUGEES ,DISARMAMENT ,PEACEBUILDING ,WORLD DEVELOPMENT ,LEADERSHIP ,DEMOBILIZATION ,ACCOUNTABILITY ,EXTERNAL INTERVENTIONS ,MILITARY OFFICERS ,ORGANISED CRIME - Abstract
Violent conflict is the multifaceted and cyclical problem that the international community is trying to grapple with. To date, there has been a clear hierarchy concerning what forms of violence are seen to matter most, with political violence that threatens the state taking pole position. In examining this argument, this paper sets out a number of issues relating to security and justice definitions. It will then examine some of the problems associated with placing conflict into a box-set typology: mass violence associated with war and genocide carries unique features but also spawns new challenges which are often being ignored. The paper will then examine in brief some of the measures used by communities, governmental actors and international partners in contending with violence before outlining some key conclusions and recommendations. In reading this paper two further points need be borne in mind: 1) this does not provide a comprehensive overview of violence and security - that is the role of the World Development Report (WDR) itself, and 2) this paper does not present fresh research, but more an overview, along with the other papers in the security-justice series, of some of the key issues confronting policy makers in the domain of security and development.
- Published
- 2010
33. The Impacts of Refugees on Neighboring Countries : A Development Challenge
- Author
-
World Bank
- Subjects
SOCIAL SCIENCE ,LOCAL POPULATION ,GENDER RELATIONS ,HUMANITARIAN ORGANIZATIONS ,REFUGEE SITUATIONS ,INNOVATIVE APPROACHES ,LIVELIHOOD OPPORTUNITIES ,PARTNERSHIP ,RURAL DEVELOPMENT ,MASS MIGRATION ,BORDER REGIONS ,FAMILIES ,EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ,INCOME GENERATING PROJECTS ,REFUGEE STATUS ,UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES ,ORGANIZED CRIME ,ROAD ,BILATERAL RELATIONS ,DEPENDENCE ,EXTERNAL FINANCING ,FRONTIER ,RETURNEES ,ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE ,IMF ,REFUGEE POPULATIONS ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,CIVIL SOCIETY ,TERRORISM ,NATIONS ,CIVIL WAR ,RULE OF LAW ,SOCIAL TENSIONS ,REFUGEE CAMPS ,VIOLENT CONFLICT ,URBANIZATION ,GROSS NATIONAL INCOME ,REFUGEE LAW ,MATERIAL RESOURCES ,DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ,ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION ,INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION ,DISEASES ,PEACE KEEPING ,REBELS ,SECURITY SITUATION ,SOCIAL SERVICES ,LOCAL DEVELOPMENT ,LARGE POPULATION ,HUMANITARIAN AID ,GOVERNMENT CAPACITY ,REFUGEE WOMEN ,HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS ,REHABILITATION ,SERVICE DELIVERY ,SKILLED WORKERS ,NATIONAL CONFLICTS ,REPATRIATION ,ETHNIC GROUPS ,LIFE CYCLE ,REMITTANCE ,LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES ,UNEMPLOYED YOUTH ,MEDICAL SERVICES ,PEACE ,FORCED MIGRATION ,SEXUAL ABUSE ,CONFLICT PREVENTION ,POLLUTION ,SANITATION ,HOST SOCIETY ,RAPE ,ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ,ARMED FORCES ,RURAL AREAS ,EXPLOITATION ,PURCHASING POWER ,MULTILATERAL AGENCIES ,RECONSTRUCTION ,CIVIL WARS ,HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE ,VULNERABILITY ,REFUGEE POPULATION ,LITERACY ,CONFLICT RESOLUTION ,POPULATION DATA ,COUNTRY OF ORIGIN ,FIGHTING ,DEVELOPMENT POLICY ,NATIONALS ,PLANS OF ACTION ,PRESS RELEASE ,BATTLES ,DEBT ,LOCAL COMMUNITIES ,REFUGEE SETTLEMENTS ,WARS ,INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS ,HUMAN RIGHTS ,MIGRATION POLICY ,RECONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES ,LIVING CONDITIONS ,REFUGEE MOVEMENTS ,FAMILY MEMBERS ,REBEL ,CRISES ,GROUNDWATER ,CIVIL CONFLICT ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,HOME COUNTRIES ,POST -CONFLICT SETTINGS ,DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE ,SOCIAL PROBLEMS ,DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS ,NUMBER OF REFUGEES ,HOST COUNTRIES ,LIMITED RESOURCES ,POLITICAL VIOLENCE ,ACCOUNT ,CITIZENS ,DISPLACEMENT ,REMITTANCES ,FAMILY STRUCTURES ,ARMED CONFLICTS ,CENTER FOR DEVELOPMENT ,HOST COUNTRY ,ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ,ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ,ETHNIC GROUP ,COMBATANTS ,SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ,INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION REVIEW ,REFUGEE PROTECTION ,MILITIA ,HOUSEHOLD INCOME ,TEACHING ,INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE ,INFLUX OF REFUGEES ,INTERNATIONAL STUDIES ,SOCIAL CONFLICT ,ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ,DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ,INTERNATIONAL BANK ,UNEMPLOYMENT RATES ,INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION ,UNDP ,REFUGEE COMMUNITIES ,SCARCE RESOURCES ,ASYLUM ,LABOR MARKETS ,UNIVERSITIES ,HOUSEHOLD LEVEL ,PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN ,DEVELOPMENT INTERVENTIONS ,INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES ,NEEDS ASSESSMENT ,ETHNIC BALANCE ,PARTNERSHIPS BETWEEN GOVERNMENTS ,HUMAN SECURITY ,REFUGEE CAMP ,SELF-RELIANCE ,NATURAL RESOURCES ,REFUGEE ,LABOR FORCE ,LOCAL ECONOMY ,SOCIAL CAPITAL ,TRANSPORTATION ,INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT ,MEETING ,BOUNDARY ,EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE ,HEALTH SERVICES ,VOCATIONAL TRAINING ,REFUGEE SITUATION ,PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ,REFUGEES ,WATER RESOURCES ,BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE ,NUMBER OF PEOPLE ,URBAN AREAS ,WORLD DEVELOPMENT ,EMBASSIES ,REFUGEE ASSISTANCE ,SOCIAL TENSION - Abstract
This brief focuses on the period of displacement and seeks to outline the impact of refugees on neighboring countries, including the developmental implications of forced displacement. The study has two main sections. The first section describes trends in the distribution of refugees in asylum countries. A series of graphs and tables highlights the fact that the largest percentage of refugees is found in countries neighboring their country of origin, most of which are middle-income countries. The second section discusses how neighboring countries that host refugees for protracted periods experience long-term economic, social, political, and environmental impacts. Furthermore, it also shows that in terms of the impacts and the opportunities that the presence of refugees create, there can be winners and losers among both the displaced and their hosts. Finally, this brief presents examples of global experience of development interventions that have focused on mitigating the negative aspects of large-scale and protracted displacement and strengthening the productive capacities of refugees in host countries.
- Published
- 2010
34. Florida Representatives Spar Over Nicaragua Bill.
- Subjects
- *
HUMAN rights , *DEMOCRATIZATION , *HUMANITARIAN assistance , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *POLITICAL science - Published
- 2018
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