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Who can fight against climate change and global warming? Who ought to fight? What is the role of the human rights-based climate change litigation? The paper tries to answer these questions, having as a starting point the definition of a "minimum content" of the fight against climate change and global warming. Acting against climate change and global warming firstly means carrying out a global collective action involving actors (individuals, States, enterprises, generations) with different levels of awareness and responsibility. Given the above, the paper focuses on the "climate legal obligation" whose source is rooted in the International (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement) and EU climate law, with the aim to point out the legal duties of every single State. Consequently, the paper underlines how the climate obligation specifically requires the adoption of mitigation measures in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Finally, moving from the Dutch Urgenda case, the paper points out the role of the human rights-based climate change litigation in the global fight against climate crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1991, the Information Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China launched a Chinese national version of human rights issuing the first White Paper on Human Rights. Since 1991, the Chinese Government has issued several specific White Papers (the latest one in October 2016) describing the overall approach to human rights and two National Human Rights Action Plans (2009, 2012). The paper presents the Chinese official stance on human rights emerging from an in-depth analysis of the Chinese White Papers on Human Rights in the period 1991-2018. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deepens some relevant questions linked with the consensus-based approach to human rights. The starting point is represented by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Firstly, the pivotal role of the Universal Declaration in the path towards the construction of a universal consensus on human rights is discussed. Further, two different (but not contrasting) points of view are taken in consideration. Specifically, Antonio Donno's historical reconstruction of the Universal Declaration's roots and Norberto Bobbio's philosophical standpoint. Finally, some open problems linked with a realistic approach to human rights are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2010 the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) launched the ASEAN Commission on the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Women and Children (ACWC). This article presents an in-depth analysis of the role of women's and children's rights within ASEAN and compares the ASEAN human rights system with other regional systems. Furthermore, the article presents a detailed analysis of the issues connected with the mandate and purposes of the ACWC followed by an examination of the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women and the Elimination of Violence against Children in ASEAN (2013). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sovereignty and non-interference principles are trademarks of the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) regional approach. Starting from 1993, ASEAN has been developing a process aimed at creating a human rights system. This process reached its acme in August 2013 when the ASEAN Human Rights Declaration (AHRD) was formally launched. In the frame of the tension between sovereignty and human rights, the paper firstly analyzes the roots of the ASEAN path towards the creation of the regional human rights system grounded on the Vienna World Conference debate. Next comes an analysis of the political commitments assumed by ASEAN in the last 20 years in the process of creating a human rights body in the region. Furthermore, the paper presents an in-depth analysis of the most problematic issues connected with the nature, functions, mandate, and purposes of the ASEAN Intergovernmental Human Rights Commission (2009). This is followed by an analysis of the AHRD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]