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1. Trends in the prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis in Italy between 1991 and 2010

Author

de Marco R, Cappa V, Accordini S, Rava M, Antonicelli L, Bortolami O, Braggion M, Bugiani M, Casali L, Cazzoletti L, Cerveri I, Fois AG, Girardi P, Locatelli F, Marcon A, Marinoni A, Panico MG, Pirina P, Villani S, Zanolin ME, Verlato G, the GEIRD Study Group: de Marco, R., Verlato, G., Zanolin, M., Accordini, S., Bortolami, O., Braggion, M., Cappa, V., Cazzoletti, L., Girardi, P., Locatelli, F., Marcon, A., Montoli, E., Rava, M., Vesentini, R., Ferrari, M., Donatelli, L., Posenato, C., Cascio, V., Perbellini, L., Olivieri, M., D'Amato, J., Donatini, E., Martinelli, M., Pignatti, P., Bombieri, C., Bettin, M., Trabetti, E., Poli, A., Nicolis, M., Sembeni, S., Antonicelli, L., Bonifazi, F., Attena, F., Galdo, V., Cerveri, I., Corsico, A., Albicini, F., Grosso, A., Marinoni, A., Villani, S., Ferretti, V., Casali, L., Miniucchi, A., Briziarelli, L., Marcarelli, M., Panico, M., Pirina, P., Fois, A., Becciu, F., Deledda, A., Spada, V., Bugiani, M., Carosso, A., Piccioni, P., Castiglioni, G., Bono, R., Tassinari, R., Romanazzi, V., Rolla, G., Heffler, E., Migliore, E., BELLIA, Vincenzo, BATTAGLIA, Salvatore, de Marco R, Cappa V, Accordini S, Rava M, Antonicelli L, Bortolami O, Braggion M, Bugiani M, Casali L, Cazzoletti L, Cerveri I, Fois AG, Girardi P, Locatelli F, Marcon A, Marinoni A, Panico MG, Pirina P, Villani S, Zanolin ME, Verlato G, and the GEIRD Study Group: de Marco, R., Verlato, G., Zanolin, M., Accordini, S., Bortolami, O., Braggion, M., Cappa, V., Cazzoletti, L., Girardi, P., Locatelli, F., Marcon, A., Montoli, E., Rava, M., Vesentini, R., Ferrari, M., Donatelli, L., Posenato, C., Cascio, V., Perbellini, L., Olivieri, M., D'Amato, J., Donatini, E., Martinelli, M., Pignatti, P., Bombieri, C., Bettin, M., Trabetti, E., Poli, A., Nicolis, M., Sembeni, S., Antonicelli, L., Bonifazi, F., Attena, F., Galdo, V., Bellia, V., Battaglia, S., Cerveri, I., Corsico, A., Albicini, F., Grosso, A., Marinoni, A., Villani, S., Ferretti, V., Casali, L., Miniucchi, A., Briziarelli, L., Marcarelli, M., Panico, M., Pirina, P., Fois, A., Becciu, F., Deledda, A., Spada, V., Bugiani, M., Carosso, A., Piccioni, P., Castiglioni, G., Bono, R., Tassinari, R., Romanazzi, V., Rolla, G., Heffler, E., and Migliore, E.

Subjects
Male, Pediatrics, Cross-sectional study, 95% CI 1.19-1.59) from 1998-2000 to 2007-2010, but since then there has been no clear temporal pattern. The present study aimed to assess time trends in the prevalence of current asthma, Abstract The prevalence of asthma increased worldwide until the 1990s, temporal trends, Surveys and Questionnaires, Epidemiology, Surveys and Questionnaire, Medicine, asthma-like symptoms and allergic rhinitis in Italian adults from 1990 to 2010. The same screening questionnaire was administered by mail or phone to random samples of the general population (age 20-44 yrs) in Italy, Young adult, respectively. The prevalence of current asthma was stable during the 1990s and increased (relative risk 1.38, from 10.1% to 13.9% and from 16.8% to 25.8%, education.field_of_study, Allergic rhinitis, Asthma, Prevalence, Temporal trends, Wheezing, medicine.diagnostic_test, Smoking, the median prevalence of current asthma, allergic rhinitis, asthma, epidemiology, prevalence, temporal trends, wheezing, Italy, Abstract The prevalence of asthma increased worldwide until the 1990s, but since then there has been no clear temporal pattern. The present study aimed to assess time trends in the prevalence of current asthma, asthma-like symptoms and allergic rhinitis in Italian adults from 1990 to 2010. The same screening questionnaire was administered by mail or phone to random samples of the general population (age 20-44 yrs) in Italy, in the frame of three multicentre studies: the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) (1991-1993, n=6,031), the Italian Study on Asthma in Young Adults (ISAYA) (1998-2000, n=18,873), and the Gene Environment Interactions in Respiratory Diseases (GEIRD) study (2007-2010, n=10,494). Time trends in prevalence were estimated using Poisson regression models in the centres that repeated the survey at different points in time. From 1991 to 2010, the median prevalence of current asthma, wheezing and allergic rhinitis increased from 4.1% to 6.6%, from 10.1% to 13.9% and from 16.8% to 25.8%, respectively. The prevalence of current asthma was stable during the 1990s and increased (relative risk 1.38, 95% CI 1.19-1.59) from 1998-2000 to 2007-2010, mainly in subjects who did not report allergic rhinitis. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis has increased continuously since 1991. The asthma epidemic is not over in Italy. During the past 20 yrs, asthma prevalence has increased by 38%, in parallel with a similar increase in asthma-like symptoms and allergic rhinitis, mainly in subjects who did not report allergic rhinitis. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis has increased continuously since 1991. The asthma epidemic is not over in Italy. During the past 20 yrs, symbols, asthma prevalence has increased by 38%, Female, epidemiology, Human, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Adult, 494). Time trends in prevalence were estimated using Poisson regression models in the centres that repeated the survey at different points in time. From 1991 to 2010, in parallel with a similar increase in asthma-like symptoms and allergic rhinitis, medicine.medical_specialty, Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial, Population, prevalence, Settore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato Respiratorio, 031), Settore MED/01 - Statistica Medica, symbols.namesake, Young Adult, Allergic rhiniti, Humans, Respiratory sounds, Poisson regression, education, Respiratory Sounds, Cross-Sectional Studie, allergic rhinitis, business.industry, wheezing, wheezing and allergic rhinitis increased from 4.1% to 6.6%, Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal, asthma, in the frame of three multicentre studies: the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) (1991-1993, medicine.disease, 873), Cross-Sectional Studies, n=10, Relative risk, Temporal trend, Respiratory Sound, n=6, n=18, business
Abstract

The prevalence of asthma increased worldwide until the 1990s, but since then there has been no clear temporal pattern. The present study aimed to assess time trends in the prevalence of current asthma, asthma-like symptoms and allergic rhinitis in Italian adults from 1990 to 2010. The same screening questionnaire was administered by mail or phone to random samples of the general population (age 20-44 yrs) in Italy, in the frame of three multicentre studies: the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) (1991-1993; n=6,031); the Italian Study on Asthma in Young Adults (ISAYA) (1998-2000; n=18,873); and the Gene Environment Interactions in Respiratory Diseases (GEIRD) study (2007-2010; n=10,494). Time trends in prevalence were estimated using Poisson regression models in the centres that repeated the survey at different points in time. From 1991 to 2010, the median prevalence of current asthma, wheezing and allergic rhinitis increased from 4.1% to 6.6%, from 10.1% to 13.9% and from 16.8% to 25.8%, respectively. The prevalence of current asthma was stable during the 1990s and increased (relative risk 1.38, 95% CI 1.19-1.59) from 1998-2000 to 2007-2010, mainly in subjects who did not report allergic rhinitis. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis has increased continuously since 1991. The asthma epidemic is not over in Italy. During the past 20 yrs, asthma prevalence has increased by 38%, in parallel with a similar increase in asthma-like symptoms and allergic rhinitis. Copyright©ERS 2012.

Published
2012

2. The impact of climate and traffic-related NO2 on the prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis in Italy

Author

de Marco, R, Poli, A, Ferrari, M, Accordini, S, Giammanco, G, Bugiani, M, Villani, S, Ponzio, M, Bono, R, Carrozzi, L, Cavallini, R, Cazzoletti, L, Dallari, R, Ginesu, F, Lauriola, P, Mandrioli, P, Perfetti, L, Pignato, S, Pirina, P, STRUZZO, PIERLUIGI, de Marco, R, Poli, A, Ferrari, M, Accordini, S, Giammanco, G, Bugiani, M, Villani, S, Ponzio, M, Bono, R, Carrozzi, L, Cavallini, R, Cazzoletti, L, Dallari, R, Ginesu, F, Lauriola, P, Mandrioli, P, Perfetti, L, Pignato, S, Pirina, P, and Struzzo, Pierluigi

Subjects
Adult, Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial, Ultraviolet Rays, Climate, Nitrogen Dioxide, Asthma, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Italy, Multivariate Analysis, Prevalence, Temperature, Vehicle Emissions, traffic-related pollution, allergic rhinitis, asthma, climate, outdoor NO2 pollution, traffic-related pollution, Allergic, Multivariate Analysi, climate, Rhinitis, Cross-Sectional Studie, allergic rhinitis, asthma, Perennial, Ultraviolet Ray, outdoor NO2 pollution, Human
Abstract

Environmental factors are likely to be involved in explaining the wide geographical variation in asthma and atopic diseases that has been documented in many recent epidemiological studies.

Published
2002

3. The socio-economic burden of asthma is substantial in Europe

Author

Accordini, S, Corsico, A, Cerveri, I, Gislason, D, Gulsvik, A, Janson, C, Jarvis, D, Marcon, A, Pin, I, Vermeire, P, Almar, E, Bugiani, M, Cazzoletti, L, Duran-Tauleria, E, Jõgi, R, Marinoni, A, Martínez-Moratalla, J, Leynaert, B, de Marco, R, Therapy and Health Economics Working Group of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey II, Vesin, Aurélien, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health [Verona] (UNIVR | DDSP), Università degli studi di Verona = University of Verona (UNIVR), Division of Respiratory Diseases, Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV)-San Matteo Hospital, Department of Allergy, Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital, Department of Thoracic Medicine [Bergen], Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine & Allergology, Uppsala University, Respiratory Epidemiology and Public Health Group, Imperial College London-National Heart and Lung Institute [UK], Groupe de Recherche Sur Le Cancer du Poumon : Bases Moléculaires de la Progression Tumorale, Dépistage et Thérapie Génique, Institut Albert Bonniot-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut d'oncologie/développement Albert Bonniot de Grenoble (INSERM U823), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble-EFS-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Campus Drie Eiken, University of Antwerp (UA), Unit of Epidemiology, Public Health Department of Castilla La Mancha, Unit of Pneumology, Consorzio Provinciale Antitubercolare, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Generalitat de Catalunya, Foundation Tartu University Clinics, Lung Clinic, Department of Applied Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), Servicio de Neumología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete-Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha, Physiopathologie et Epidemiologie de l'Insuffisance Respiratoire, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Verona (UNIVR), University of Pavia-San Matteo Hospital, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-EFS-CHU Grenoble-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), and University of Pavia

Subjects
Adult, Male, MESH: Socioeconomic Factors, MESH: Health Expenditures, MESH: Asthma, MESH: Probability, MESH: Logistic Models, ECRHS, MESH: Risk Assessment, Risk Assessment, MESH: Multivariate Analysis, MESH: Cross-Sectional Studies, Cost of Illness, Sickness Impact Profile, Humans, Probability, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Humans, MESH: Health Services, socio-economic burden, asthma, Europe, population-based study, ECRHS, MESH: Quality of Life, MESH: Adult, Health Services, Middle Aged, MESH: Cost of Illness, Asthma, MESH: Male, Europe, Cross-Sectional Studies, Logistic Models, MESH: Sickness Impact Profile, Socioeconomic Factors, socio-economic burden, population-based study, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Multivariate Analysis, Quality of Life, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Europe, Health Expenditures, MESH: Female
Abstract

International audience; BACKGROUND: Few data are available on the asthma burden in the general population. We evaluated the level and the factors associated with the asthma burden in Europe. METHODS: In 1999-2002, 1152 adult asthmatics were identified in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS)-II and the socio-economic burden (reduced activity days and hospital services utilization in the past 12 months) was assessed. RESULTS: The asthmatics with a light burden (only a few reduced activity days) were 13.2% (95% CI: 11.4-15.3%), whereas those with a heavy burden (many reduced activity days and/or hospital services utilization) were 14.0% (95% CI: 12.1-16.1%). The burden was strongly associated with disease severity and a lower quality of life. Obese asthmatics had a significantly increased risk of a light [relative risk ratio (RRR) = 2.17; 95% CI: 1.18-4.00] or a heavy burden (RRR = 2.77; 95% CI: 1.52-5.05) compared with normal/underweight subjects. The asthmatics with frequent respiratory symptoms showed a threefold (RRR = 2.74; 95% CI: 1.63-4.61) and sixfold (RRR = 5.76; 95% CI: 3.25-10.20) increased risk of a light or a heavy burden compared with asymptomatic asthmatics, respectively. Moreover, the lower the forced expiratory volume in 1 s % predicted, the higher the risk of a heavy burden. The coexistence with chronic cough/phlegm only increased the risk of a heavy burden (RRR = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.16-3.06). An interaction was found between gender and IgE sensitization, with nonatopic asthmatic females showing the highest risk of a heavy burden (21.6%; 95% CI: 16.9-27.1%). CONCLUSIONS: The asthma burden is substantial in Europe. A heavy burden is more common in asthmatics with obesity, frequent respiratory symptoms, low lung function, chronic cough/phlegm and in nonatopic females.

Published
2008

4. The role of climate on the geographic variability of asthma, allergic rhinitis and respiratory symptoms: results from the Italian study of asthma in young adults

Author

Zanolin, M. E., Pattaro, C., Corsico, A., Bugiani, M., Carrozzi, L., Casali, L., Dallari, R., Ferrari, M., Marinoni, A., Migliore, E., Olivieri, M., Pirina, P., Verlato, G., Villani, S., de Marco, R., Buriani, O., Cavallini, R., Saletti, C., Cellini, M., Faustini, M., de Togni, A., Carolei, A., Montomoli, C., Comelli, M., Ponzio, M., Grassi, M., Rezzani, C., Cerveri, I., Zoia, M. C., Colato, S., Moscato, G., Perfetti, L., Viegi, G., Pistelli, F., di Pede, F., Paggiaro, P. L., Santolicandro, A., Giovannetti, P., Ginesu, F., Ostera, S., Pinna, G. P., Farre, A., Imparato, S., Turrini, E., Foglia, M., Giammanco, G., Pignato, S., Rotondo, A., Cuspilici, A., Piccioni, P., Carosso, A., Arossa, W., Caria, E., Castiglioni, G., Romano, C., Fabbro, D., Ciccone, G., Magnani, C., Dalmasso, P., Bono, R., Gigli, G., Giraudo, A., Brussino, M. C., Bucca, C., Rolla, G., Struzzo, P., Orefice, U., Schneider, M., Chittaro, F., Peresson, D., Accordini, S., Locatelli, F., Cazzoletti, L., Sartori, S., Poli, A., Dorigo, N., Cantarelli, S., Ciresola, D., Lo Cascio, V., Biasin, C., Lauriola, P., Danielli, G., Sesti, D., Ghigli, E., Natale, P., Grosa, M., Tacconi, A., Frontero, P., and Salomoni, A.

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Allergy, Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial, Climate, Immunology, Geographic pattern, Allergic, Epidemiology, medicine, Prevalence, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Asthma epidemiology, Asthma prevalence allergy, Latitude, Asthma, Chronic Disease, Cough, Geography, Regression Analysis, Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal, Rhinitis, Seasonal, business.industry, Phlegm, Respiratory disease, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Perennial, respiratory tract diseases, Chronic cough, Etiology, medicine.symptom, business, Demography
Abstract

Background: Variations in the prevalence of respiratory symptoms according to geo-climatic factors could provide important clues to the knowledge of the aetiology of asthma. Methods: Geo-climatic variations in the prevalence of current asthma, allergic rhinitis and chronic cough, and phlegm were assessed on a random sample of 18 873 subjects (response rate = 72.7%) from different climatic regions of Italy. An ecological analysis, supported by robust statistical methods, was employed to investigate potential trends. Results: The prevalence of all symptoms was significantly heterogeneous throughout the peninsula. Only asthma-like symptoms showed a north–south trend: the prevalence increased at a decreasing latitude [odds ratio (OR) varies from 0.92 to 0.96, P

Published
2004

5. Chronic cough and phlegm in young adults

Author

Cerveri, I., Accordini, S., Corsico, A., Zoia, M. C., Carrozzi, L., Cazzoletti, L., Beccaria, M., Marinoni, A., Viegi, G., de Marco, R., Ginesu, F., Pirina, P., Ostera, S., Pinna, G. P., Farre, A., Imparato, S., Dallari, R., Turrini, E., Foglia, M., Giammanco, G., Pignato, S., Rotondo, A., Cuspilici, A., Bugiani, M., Piccioni, P., Carosso, A., Arossa, W., Caria, E., Castiglioni, G., Migliore, E., Romano, C., Fabbro, D., Ciccone, G., Magnani, C., Dalmasso, P., Bono, R., Gigli, G., Giraudo, A., Brussino, M. C., Bucca, C., Rolla, G., Struzzo, P., Orefice, U., Schneider, M., Chittaro, F., Peresson, D., Verlato, G., Zanolin, M. E., Locatelli, F., Battisti, L., Pattaro, C., Poli, A., Dorigo, N., Cantarelli, S., Ciresola, D., Lo Cascio, V., Olivieri, M., Ferrari, M., Biasin, C., Lauriola, P., Danielli, G., Sesti, D., Ghigli, E., Natale, P., Grosa, M., Tacconi, A., Frontero, P., and Salomoni, A.

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Adult, Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Chronic Obstructive, Cross-sectional study, Health surveys, Population, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cross-sectional studies, health surveys, risk factors, smoking, Pulmonary Disease, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Sex Factors, Epidemiology, medicine, Prevalence, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Cross-sectional studies, Risk factors, Smoking, Asthma, Chronic Disease, Cough, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Italy, Socioeconomic Factors, Sputum, Young adult, education, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Phlegm, medicine.disease, Obstructive lung disease, respiratory tract diseases, Chronic cough, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines underline that the presence of chronic cough and sputum production before airflow obstruction offers a unique opportunity to identify subjects at risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for an early intervention. Current epidemiological data on these subjects are scant. Between 1998-2000, the authors evaluated the prevalence and characteristics of these symptoms by a multicentre cross-sectional survey of Italian people aged between 20-44 yrs from the general population (Italian Study on Asthma in Young Adults (ISAYA)). Besides the questions on asthma, more than 18,000 subjects answered the question: "Have you had cough and phlegm on most days for as much as 3 months per year and for at least two successive years?" The adjusted prevalence of subjects with chronic cough and phlegm was 11.9%, being 11.8% in males and 12.0% in females. From these subjects approximately 20% reported coexisting asthma and approximately 30%, predominately females, were nonsmokers. The survey showed that sex (female), smoking and low socioeconomic status were significantly and independently associated with chronic cough and phlegm, current smoking playing the major role. The prevalence of subjects with chronic cough and phlegm is startlingly high among young adults. Further follow-up studies are needed to establish how many of them will go on to develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Published
2003

6. Is the prevalence of adult asthma and allergic rhinitis still increasing? Results of an Italian study

Author

Verlato, G, Corsico, A, Villani, S, Cerveri, I, Migliore, E, Accordini, S, Carolei, A, Piccioni, P, Bugiani, M, Lo Cascio, V, Marinoni, A, Poli, A, Ecrhs, de Marco R., Marinoni, ISAYA group Principal researchers: A., Carolei, A., Montomoli, C., Villani, S., Comelli, M., Ponzio, M., Grassi, M., Rezzani, C., Casali, L., Cerveri, I., Zoia, M. C., Corsico, A., Colato, S., Moscato, G., Perfetti, L., Alesina, R., Basso, O., Berrayah, L., Brusotti, R., Fanfulla, F., Moi, P., Frati, C., Karytinos, P., Bugiani, M., Piccioni, P., Carosso, A., Arossa, W., Caria, E., Castiglioni, G., Migliore, E., Romano, C., Fabbro, D., Ciccone, G., Magnani, C., Dalmasso, Paola, Bono, Roberto, Gigli, G., Giraudo, A., Brussino, Luisa, Bucca, Caterina, Rolla, Giovanni, Aime, M., Cerutti, A., Chiampo, F., Gallo, W., Sulotto, F., de Marco, R., Verlato, G., Accordini, S., Zanolin, M. E., Locatelli, F., Cazzoletti, L., Pattaro, C., Sartori, S., Poli, A., Dorigo, N., Cantarelli, S., Ciresola, D., Lo Cascio, V., Olivieri, M., Ferrari, M., Biasin, C., Campello, C., Rossi, F., Cannistrà, A., Cenci, B., Destefani, E., Girotto, M., Lampronti, G., Martini, C., Tardivo, S., Villani, A., Lauriola, P., Danielli, G., Sesti, D., Ghigli, E., Natale, P., Grosa, M., Tacconi, A., Frontero, P., and Salomoni, A.

Subjects
Adult, Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Allergy, Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial, temporal trend, Immunology, Logistic regression, asthma, allergic rhinitis, temporal trend, epidemiology, Epidemiology, Prevalence, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Humans, Non-response bias, Young adult, Asthma, Response rate (survey), allergic rhinitis, business.industry, Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal, Odds ratio, asthma, medicine.disease, Italy, Female, epidemiology, business
Abstract

The prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis has increased worldwide during the 1970s and 1980s.This study was aimed at evaluating whether the increasing trend in prevalence persisted during the 1990s in the young adult Italian population.In 1998 to 2000 a screening questionnaire was sent by mail to a general population sample aged 20 to 44 years; nonresponders were contacted again first by mail and then by phone, achieving a final response rate of 78.1% (6876 of 8800). Prevalence estimates, adjusted to correct for nonresponse bias, were compared with those recorded in Italy in 1991 to 1993 during the European Community Respiratory Health Survey, when response rate had been slightly higher (87.6%). Temporal variations in symptom prevalence were analyzed by a logistic regression model, controlling for sex, age, site of residence (urban vs suburban areas), season of response, response rate, and type of contact (mail vs phone).The prevalence of asthma attacks did not vary significantly from 1991 to 1993 (3.6%) to 1998 to 2000 (3.2%) (P =.188). The prevalence of asthma-like symptoms (wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath) tended to decrease in the age classes of 32.5 to 45 years, while increasing in the youngest age class (20 to 26 years). A clear-cut increase from 15.4% to 18.3% was observed for the prevalence of allergic rhinitis (P.001), whereas the proportion of people under antiasthmatic treatment increased in suburban areas but not in urban areas (interaction time-site of residence, P.001).Asthma prevalence has not increased during the last decade in Italy. The persistence of an increasing trend in allergic rhinitis prevalence deserves attention.

Published
2003

7. Incidence and remission of asthma: a retrospective study on the natural history of asthma in Italy

Author

De Marco, R., Locatelli, F., Cerveri, I., Bugiani, M., Marinoni, A., Giammanco, G., Accordini, S., Verlato, G., Zanolin, E., Buriani, O., Carrozzi, L., Dallari, R., Ginesu, F., Poli, A., Struzzo, P., Cavallini, R., Saletti, C., Cellini, M., Faustini, M., De Togni, A., Carolei, A., Montomoli, C., Villani, S., Comelli, M., Ponzio, M., Grassi, M., Rezzani, C., Casali, L., Zoia, M. C., Corsico, A., Colato, S., Moscato, G., Perfetti, L., Viegi, G., Pistelli, F., Di Pede, F., Paggiaro, P. L., Santolicandro, A., Giovannetti, P., Pirina, P., Ostera, S., Pinna, G. P., Farre, A., Imparato, S., Turrini, E., Foglia, M., Pignato, S., Rotondo, A., Cuspilici, A., Piccioni, P., Carosso, A., Arossa, W., Caria, E., Castiglioni, G., Migliore, E., Romano, C., Fabbro, D., Ciccone, G., Magnani, C., Dalmasso, P., Bono, R., Gigli, G., Giraudo, A., Brussino, M. C., Bucca, C., Rolla, G., Orefice, U., Schneider, M., Chittaro, F., Peresson, D., Zanolin, M. E., Cazzoletti, L., Battisti, L., Pattaro, C., Dorigo, N., Cantarelli, S., Ciresola, D., Lo Cascio, V., Olivieri, M., Ferrari, M., Biasin, C., Lauriola, P., Danielli, G., Sesti, D., Ghigli, E., Natale, P., Grosa, M., Tacconi, A., Frontero, P., and Salomoni, A.

Subjects
Adult, Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, National Health Programs, Remission, Cross-sectional study, Immunology, Population, Remission, Spontaneous, Rate ratio, Asthma remission, Asthma incidence, Persistence of asthma, Asthma, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Italy, Retrospective Studies, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Young adult, Preschool, education, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Spontaneous, Incidence (epidemiology), Retrospective cohort study, Newborn, medicine.disease, Natural history, business
Abstract

The knowledge of the natural history of asthma from birth to adulthood could provide important clues for its cause and for the understanding of epidemiologic findings.This study is aimed at assessing the incidence and remission of asthma from birth to the age of 44 years by using data from 18,873 subjects involved in a large, nationally representative, cross-sectional study carried out in Italy from 1998 through 2000.The onset of asthma was defined as the age at the first attack, and remission was considered present when a subject was neither under treatment nor had experienced an asthma attack in the last 24 months. Person-years and survival techniques were used for the analysis.The average annual incidence rate for the 1953 to 2000 period was 2.56/1000 persons per year. Incidence peaked in boys less than 10 years of age (4.38/1000 persons per year) and in women 30 years of age or older (3.1/1000 persons per year) and showed a generational increase (incident rate ratio = 2.63 and 95% CI = 2.20-3.12 for 1974-1979 vs 1953-1958 birth cohort). The overall remission rate was 45.8% (41.6% in women and 49.5% in men, P.001). Asthmatic patients in remission had an earlier age at onset (7.8 vs 15.9 years, P.001) and a shorter duration of the disease (5.6 vs 16.1 years, P.001) than patients with current asthma. The probability of remission was strongly (P.001) and inversely related to the age at onset (62.8% and 15.0% in the10- andor =20-years age-at-onset groups, respectively).With respect to its natural history, asthma presents 2 different forms: early-onset asthma, which occurs early in childhood, affects mainly boys, and has a good prognosis, and late-onset asthma, which generally occurs during or after puberty, mainly affects women, and has a poor prognosis. The minority of patients with early-onset asthma who do not remit represents more than 35% of patients with current asthma in the general young adult population.

Published
2002

8. The impact of climate and traffic-related NO 2 on the prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis in Italy

Author

De Marco, R., Poli, A., Ferrari, M., Accordini, S., Giammanco, G., Bugiani, M., Villani, S., Ponzio, M., Bono, R., Carrozzi, L., Cavallini, R., Cazzoletti, L., Dallari, R., Ginesu, F., Lauriola, P., Mandrioli, P., Perfetti, L., Pignato, S., Pirina, P., and Struzzo, P.

Subjects
Adult, Ultraviolet Rays, Climate, Nitrogen Dioxide, Temperature, Allergic rhinitis, Asthma, Outdoor NO2 pollution, Traffic-related pollution, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Italy, Multivariate Analysis, Prevalence, Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial, Vehicle Emissions, Perennial, Allergic, Rhinitis
Published
2002

9. Asthmatics and ex-smokers respond early, heavy smokers respond late to mailed surveys in Italy

Author

Verlato, Giuseppe, Melotti, Roberto, Olivieri, Mario, Corsico, Angelo, Bugiani, Massimiliano, Accordini, Simone, Villani, Simona, Migliore, Enrica, Marinoni, Alessandra, Pirina, Pietro, Carrozzi, Laura, Bortolami, Oscar, Rava, Marta, de Marco, Roberto, Accordini, S., Verlato, G., Zanolin, E., Bugiani, M., Buriani, O., Carrozzi, L., Dallari, R., Giammanco, G., Ginesu, F., Marinoni, A., Poli, A., Struzzo, Pierluigi, Cavallini, R., Saletti, C., Cellini, M., Faustini, M., de Togni, A., Carolei, A., Montomoli, C., Villani, S., Comelli, M., Ponzio, M., Grassi, M., Rezzani, C., Casali, L., Cerveri, I., Zoia, M. C., Corsico, A., Colato, S., Moscato, G., Perfetti, L., Viegi, G., Pistelli, F., Di Pede, F., Paggiaro, P. L., Santolicandro, A., Giovannetti, P., Pirina, P., Ostera, S., Pinna, G. P., Farre, A., Imparato, S., Turrini, E., Foglia, M., Pignato, S., Rotondo, A., Cuspilici, A., Piccioni, P., Carosso, A., Arossa, W., Caria, E., Castiglioni, G., Migliore, E., Romano, C., Fabbro, D., Ciccone, G., Magnani, C., Dalmasso, P., Bono, R., Gigli, G., Giraudo, A., Brussino, M. C., Bucca, C., Rolla, G., Struzzo, P., Orefice, U., Schneider, M., Chittaro, F., Peresson, D., de Marco, R., Zanolin, M. E., Locatelli, F., Cazzoletti, L., Pattaro, C., Sartori, S., Dorigo, N., Cantarelli, S., Ciresola, D., Lo Cascio, V., Ferrari, M., Biasin, C., Lauriola, P., Danielli, G., Sesti, D., Ghigli, E., Natale, P., Grosa, M., Tacconi, A., Frontero, P., Salomoni, A., Verlato, Giuseppe, Melotti, Roberto, Olivieri, Mario, Corsico, Angelo, Bugiani, Massimiliano, Accordini, Simone, Villani, Simona, Migliore, Enrica, Marinoni, Alessandra, Pirina, Pietro, Carrozzi, Laura, Bortolami, Oscar, Rava, Marta, de Marco, Roberto, Accordini, S., Verlato, G., Zanolin, E., Bugiani, M., Buriani, O., Carrozzi, L., Dallari, R., Giammanco, G., Ginesu, F., Marinoni, A., Poli, A., Struzzo, Pierluigi, Cavallini, R., Saletti, C., Cellini, M., Faustini, M., de Togni, A., Carolei, A., Montomoli, C., Villani, S., Comelli, M., Ponzio, M., Grassi, M., Rezzani, C., Casali, L., Cerveri, I., Zoia, M. C., Corsico, A., Colato, S., Moscato, G., Perfetti, L., Viegi, G., Pistelli, F., Di Pede, F., Paggiaro, P. L., Santolicandro, A., Giovannetti, P., Pirina, P., Ostera, S., Pinna, G. P., Farre, A., Imparato, S., Turrini, E., Foglia, M., Pignato, S., Rotondo, A., Cuspilici, A., Piccioni, P., Carosso, A., Arossa, W., Caria, E., Castiglioni, G., Migliore, E., Romano, C., Fabbro, D., Ciccone, G., Magnani, C., Dalmasso, P., Bono, R., Gigli, G., Giraudo, A., Brussino, M. C., Bucca, C., Rolla, G., Struzzo, P., Orefice, U., Schneider, M., Chittaro, F., Peresson, D., de Marco, R., Zanolin, M. E., Locatelli, F., Cazzoletti, L., Pattaro, C., Sartori, S., Dorigo, N., Cantarelli, S., Ciresola, D., Lo Cascio, V., Ferrari, M., Biasin, C., Lauriola, P., Danielli, G., Sesti, D., Ghigli, E., Natale, P., Grosa, M., Tacconi, A., Frontero, P., and Salomoni, A.

Subjects
Male, Questionnaires, Allergy, asthmatics, ex-smokers, survey, Allergic rhinitis, Mail survey, Epidemiology, Prevalence, Smoking habit, Medicine, Respiratory symptoms, Young adult, Response bias, Medicine (all), Respiratory disease, Phlegm, Smoking, Health Survey, Middle Aged, Chronic cough, Italy, Bias (Epidemiology), Female, medicine.symptom, Human, Adult, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Logistic Model, Response bia, Young Adult, Allergic rhiniti, Humans, Smoking habits, Asthma, Questionnaire, business.industry, medicine.disease, Health Surveys, Surgery, respiratory tract diseases, Logistic Models, Cough, mail survey, response bias, respiratory symptoms, asthma, allergic rhinitis, smoking habits, Respiratory symptom, Patient Compliance, business, Demography
Abstract

Summary Rationale and objectives Response to mailed epidemiological surveys has decreased in recent decades. Since subjects with respiratory symptoms are usually early responders to surveys performed in Southern Europe, this trend could bias prevalence estimates. The present study aimed at evaluating the impact of non-response bias on prevalence estimates of respiratory symptoms and smoking habits. Methods In 9 centres, participating in the Italian Study on Asthma in Young Adults (ISAYA), random samples of people aged 20–45 years were administered a mailed questionnaire between 1998 and 2000. Non-responders were contacted again first by mail and then by phone. Cumulative response percentage was 30.5%, 52.4% and 72.7% (18,873/25,969), respectively, after the 1st, 2nd and 3rd contact. Results The prevalence of self-reported current asthma, asthma-like symptoms, and chronic cough/phlegm was more than halved from the first contact (5.6%, 17.8%, 14.6% respectively) to the third contact (2.7%, 6.4%, 6.9%). This pattern was less pronounced when considering allergic rhinitis and past asthma, whose prevalence decreased, respectively, from 21.5% to 15.6% and from 3.5% to 2.6%. At the same time the proportion of current smokers increased from 29.2% to 38%, while the proportion of ex-smokers decreased from 16.5% to 10.1%. In a multinomial logistic model current asthma, asthma-like symptoms, chronic cough/phlegm and smoking habits, and to a lower extent past asthma and allergic rhinitis, were significant predictors of late response. Conclusions In Italy when response percentage is low, the prevalence of current asthma, chronic cough/phlegm and ex-smokers is overestimated, while the proportion of current smokers is underestimated.

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10. Chronic bronchitis without airflow obstruction, asthma and rhinitis are differently associated with cardiovascular risk factors and diseases

Author

Pietro Pirina, Pierpaolo Marchetti, Giulia Squillacioti, Elia Piccinno, Giuseppe Verlato, Salvatore Battaglia, Amelia Grosso, Alessandro Marcon, Giancarlo Pesce, Marcello Ferrari, Lucia Cazzoletti, Leonardo Antonicelli, Ferrari M., Piccinno E., Marcon A., Marchetti P., Cazzoletti L., Pirina P., Battaglia S., Grosso A., Squillacioti G., Antonicelli L., Verlato G., Pesce G., Bodescot, Myriam, Unit of Respiratory Medicine [Vérone, Italie], Department of Diagnostics and Public Health [Verona] (UNIVR | DDSP), Università degli studi di Verona = University of Verona (UNIVR)-Università degli studi di Verona = University of Verona (UNIVR), Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics [Vérone, Italie], Department of Diagnostics and Public Health [Vérone, Italie], Unità Operativa di Pneumologia [Sassari, Italie], Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Sperimentali [Sassari, Italie], Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS)-Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS), Dipartimento Universitario di Promozione della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza 'G. D'Alessandro' [Palerme, Italie] (PROMISE), Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Division of Respiratory Diseases [Pavie, Italie], IRCCS 'San Matteo' Hospital Foundation [Pavie, Italie], Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV)-Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), Department of Public Health and Pediatrics [Turin, Italie], Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Allergy Unit [Ancône, Italie], Department of Internal Medicine [Ancône, Italie], Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti [Ancône, Italie]-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti [Ancône, Italie], Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department [iPlesp] (EPAR), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), The GEIRD study was funded by the Cariverona foundation, the Italian Ministry of Health, Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, and the Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco (AIFA)., University of Verona (UNIVR)-University of Verona (UNIVR), Università degli Studi di Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS)-Università degli Studi di Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS), University of Pavia-University of Pavia, University of Turin, Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department [Paris] (EPAR), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
Male, LUNG-DISEASE, Chronic bronchitis, Pulmonology, Epidemiology, Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Medicine, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Vascular Medicine, [SDV.MHEP.PSR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, Cohort Studies, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Medicine and Health Sciences, Odds Ratio, chronic bronchiti, Lung, Rhinitis, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Alcohol Consumption, Multidisciplinary, Heart, Middle Aged, Cardiovascular disease, CB, Respiratory Function Tests, 3. Good health, PREVALENCE, [SDV.MHEP.CSC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Bronchitis, Chronic, ALLERGIC RHINITIS, INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION, Cardiovascular Diseases, Hypertension, Bronchitis, Medicine, chronic bronchitis, Female, Anatomy, medicine.symptom, Research Article, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Science, Population, body mass index, Settore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato Respiratorio, DIAGNOSIS, elderly, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Heart disorder, BMI, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Internal medicine, Confidence Intervals, medicine, Humans, COPD, CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE, education, Nutrition, Aged, Asthma, MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION, MUCUS HYPERSECRETION, CIGARETTE-SMOKING, ATHEROSCLEROSIS, business.industry, Biology and Life Sciences, Odds ratio, Rhinology, asthma, medicine.disease, Intermittent claudication, Diet, Otorhinolaryngology, 030228 respiratory system, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Medical Risk Factors, Case-Control Studies, Relative risk, Nasal Diseases, Cardiovascular Anatomy, [SDV.MHEP.PSR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, BMI, body mass index, CB, chronic bronchitis, COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Abstract

Background and objectives Cardiovascular and respiratory diseases can frequently coexist. Understanding their link may improve disease management. We aimed at assessing the associations of chronic bronchitis (CB), asthma and rhinitis with cardiovascular diseases and risk factors in the general population. Methods We used data collected in the Gene Environment Interactions in Respiratory Diseases study, an Italian multicentre, multicase-control study. Among 2463 participants (age 21–86, female 50%) who underwent standardized interviews, skin prick and lung function tests, we identified 254 cases of CB without airflow obstruction, 418 cases of asthma without CB, 959 cases of rhinitis alone, and 832 controls. The associations of respiratory diseases with reported cardiovascular risk factors (lifestyles, hypertension, dyslipidaemia), heart disorders (myocardial infarction, coronary thrombosis, angina, aorta or heart surgery) and intermittent claudication were estimated through relative risk ratios (RRR) by multinomial logistic regression models. Results Compared to controls, CB cases were more likely to be heavy smokers, alcohol consumers, physically inactive, and to suffer from hypertension or dyslipidaemia; rhinitis cases were less obese but more likely to have hypertension. Asthma was significantly associated with current smoking. After adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors, heart disorders were associated with CB (RRR[95%CI]: 1.58[1.12–2.22]) and rhinitis (1.35[0.98–1.85]) and intermittent claudication was associated with CB (3.43[2.52–4.67]), asthma (1.51[1.04–2.21]) and rhinitis (2.03[1.34–3.07]). Conclusions CB, asthma and rhinitis were associated with cardiovascular risk factors and diseases. In particular, CB shared with cardiovascular diseases almost all risk factors and was strongly associated with a higher risk of heart disorders and intermittent claudication.

Published
2019

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