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7 results on '"Chaudhry, Vinay"'

1. Epidemiological evidence for a hereditary contribution to myasthenia gravis: a retrospective cohort study of patients from North America

Author

Green, Joshua D, Barohn, Richard J, Bartoccion, Emanuela, Benatar, Michael, Blackmore, Derrick, Chaudhry, Vinay, Chopra, Manisha, Corse, Andrea, Dimachkie, Mazen M, Evoli, Amelia, Florence, Julaine, Freimer, Miriam, Howard, James F, Jiwa, Theresa, Kaminski, Henry J, Kissel, John T, Koopman, Wilma J, Lipscomb, Bernadette, Maestri, Michelanglo, Marino, Mariapaola, Massey, Janice M, McVey, April, Mezei, Michelle M, Muppidi, Srikanth, Nicolle, Michael W, Oger, Joel, Pascuzzi, Robert M, Pasnoor, Mamatha, Pestronk, Alan, Provenzano, Carlo, Ricciardi, Roberta, Richman, David P, Rowin, Julie, Sanders, Donald B, Siddiqi, Zaeem, Soloway, Aimee, Wolfe, Gil I, Wulf, Charlie, Drachman, Daniel B, and Traynor, Bryan J

Subjects
Genetics, Neurodegenerative, Clinical Research, Myasthenia Gravis, Autoimmune Disease, Rare Diseases, Neurosciences, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Autoantibodies, Humans, North America, Receptors, Cholinergic, Retrospective Studies, epidemiology, neuromuscular disease, genetics, neurology, neurogenetics, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Other Medical and Health Sciences
Abstract

ObjectivesTo approximate the rate of familial myasthenia gravis and the coexistence of other autoimmune disorders in the patients and their families.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingClinics across North America.ParticipantsThe study included 1032 patients diagnosed with acetylcholine receptor antibody (AChR)-positive myasthenia gravis.MethodsPhenotype information of 1032 patients diagnosed with AChR-positive myasthenia gravis was obtained from clinics at 14 centres across North America between January 2010 and January 2011. A critical review of the epidemiological literature on the familial rate of myasthenia gravis was also performed.ResultsAmong 1032 patients, 58 (5.6%) reported a family history of myasthenia gravis. A history of autoimmune diseases was present in 26.6% of patients and in 28.4% of their family members.DiscussionThe familial rate of myasthenia gravis was higher than would be expected for a sporadic disease. Furthermore, a high proportion of patients had a personal or family history of autoimmune disease. Taken together, these findings suggest a genetic contribution to the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis.

Published
2020

2. Assessing mNIS+7Ionis and international neurologists' proficiency in a familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy trial

Author

Dyck, Peter J, Kincaid, John C, Dyck, P James B, Chaudhry, Vinay, Goyal, Namita A, Alves, Christina, Salhi, Hayet, Wiesman, Janice F, Labeyrie, Celine, Robinson‐Papp, Jessica, Cardoso, Márcio, Laura, Matilde, Ruzhansky, Katherine, Cortese, Andrea, Brannagan, Thomas H, Khoury, Julie, Khella, Sami, Waddington‐Cruz, Márcia, Ferreira, João, Wang, Annabel K, Pinto, Marcus V, Ayache, Samar S, Benson, Merrill D, Berk, John L, Coelho, Teresa, Polydefkis, Michael, Gorevic, Peter, Adams, David H, Plante‐Bordeneuve, Violaine, Whelan, Carol, Merlini, Giampaolo, Heitner, Stephen, Drachman, Brian M, Conceição, Isabel, Klein, Christopher J, Gertz, Morie A, Ackermann, Elizabeth J, Hughes, Steven G, Mauermann, Michelle L, Bergemann, Rito, Lodermeier, Karen A, Davies, Jenny L, Carter, Rickey E, and Litchy, William J

Subjects
Neurodegenerative, Peripheral Neuropathy, Neurosciences, Chronic Pain, Clinical Research, Pain Research, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial, Cohort Studies, Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological, Disability Evaluation, Female, Humans, International Cooperation, Male, Middle Aged, Neural Conduction, Neurologists, Oligonucleotides, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Severity of Illness Index, disability, familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy, neurophysiologic tests, oligonucleotide trials, peripheral neuropathy, polyneuropathy signs, proficiency, Medical and Health Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery
Abstract

IntroductionPolyneuropathy signs (Neuropathy Impairment Score, NIS), neurophysiologic tests (m+7Ionis ), disability, and health scores were assessed in baseline evaluations of 100 patients entered into an oligonucleotide familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) trial.MethodsWe assessed: (1) Proficiency of grading neurologic signs and correlation with neurophysiologic tests, and (2) clinometric performance of modified NIS+7 neurophysiologic tests (mNIS+7Ionis ) and its subscores and correlation with disability and health scores.ResultsThe mNIS+7Ionis sensitively detected, characterized, and broadly scaled diverse polyneuropathy impairments. Polyneuropathy signs (NIS and subscores) correlated with neurophysiology tests, disability, and health scores. Smart Somatotopic Quantitative Sensation Testing of heat as pain 5 provided a needed measure of small fiber involvement not adequately assessed by other tests.ConclusionsSpecially trained neurologists accurately assessed neuropathy signs as compared to referenced neurophysiologic tests. The score, mNIS+7Ionis , broadly detected, characterized, and scaled polyneuropathy abnormality in FAP, which correlated with disability and health scores. Muscle Nerve 56: 901-911, 2017.

Published
2017

3. A Genome-Wide Association Study of Myasthenia Gravis

Author

Renton, Alan E, Pliner, Hannah A, Provenzano, Carlo, Evoli, Amelia, Ricciardi, Roberta, Nalls, Michael A, Marangi, Giuseppe, Abramzon, Yevgeniya, Arepalli, Sampath, Chong, Sean, Hernandez, Dena G, Johnson, Janel O, Bartoccioni, Emanuela, Scuderi, Flavia, Maestri, Michelangelo, Gibbs, J Raphael, Errichiello, Edoardo, Chiò, Adriano, Restagno, Gabriella, Sabatelli, Mario, Macek, Mark, Scholz, Sonja W, Corse, Andrea, Chaudhry, Vinay, Benatar, Michael, Barohn, Richard J, McVey, April, Pasnoor, Mamatha, Dimachkie, Mazen M, Rowin, Julie, Kissel, John, Freimer, Miriam, Kaminski, Henry J, Sanders, Donald B, Lipscomb, Bernadette, Massey, Janice M, Chopra, Manisha, Howard, James F, Koopman, Wilma J, Nicolle, Michael W, Pascuzzi, Robert M, Pestronk, Alan, Wulf, Charlie, Florence, Julaine, Blackmore, Derrick, Soloway, Aimee, Siddiqi, Zaeem, Muppidi, Srikanth, Wolfe, Gil, Richman, David, Mezei, Michelle M, Jiwa, Theresa, Oger, Joel, Drachman, Daniel B, and Traynor, Bryan J

Subjects
Rare Diseases, Genetics, Neurosciences, Autoimmune Disease, Myasthenia Gravis, Clinical Research, Human Genome, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Adult, Age of Onset, CTLA-4 Antigen, Case-Control Studies, Female, Gene Frequency, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genotype, HLA-DQ alpha-Chains, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, United States, Clinical Sciences, Cognitive Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery
Abstract

ImportanceMyasthenia gravis is a chronic, autoimmune, neuromuscular disease characterized by fluctuating weakness of voluntary muscle groups. Although genetic factors are known to play a role in this neuroimmunological condition, the genetic etiology underlying myasthenia gravis is not well understood.ObjectiveTo identify genetic variants that alter susceptibility to myasthenia gravis, we performed a genome-wide association study.Design, setting, and participantsDNA was obtained from 1032 white individuals from North America diagnosed as having acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive myasthenia gravis and 1998 race/ethnicity-matched control individuals from January 2010 to January 2011. These samples were genotyped on Illumina OmniExpress single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays. An independent cohort of 423 Italian cases and 467 Italian control individuals were used for replication.Main outcomes and measuresWe calculated P values for association between 8,114,394 genotyped and imputed variants across the genome and risk for developing myasthenia gravis using logistic regression modeling. A threshold P value of 5.0×10(-8) was set for genome-wide significance after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing.ResultsIn the overall case-control cohort, we identified association signals at CTLA4 (rs231770; P=3.98×10(-8); odds ratio, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.25-1.49), HLA-DQA1 (rs9271871; P=1.08×10(-8); odds ratio, 2.31; 95% CI, 2.02-2.60), and TNFRSF11A (rs4263037; P=1.60×10(-9); odds ratio, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.29-1.53). These findings replicated for CTLA4 and HLA-DQA1 in an independent cohort of Italian cases and control individuals. Further analysis revealed distinct, but overlapping, disease-associated loci for early- and late-onset forms of myasthenia gravis. In the late-onset cases, we identified 2 association peaks: one was located in TNFRSF11A (rs4263037; P=1.32×10(-12); odds ratio, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.44-1.68) and the other was detected in the major histocompatibility complex on chromosome 6p21 (HLA-DQA1; rs9271871; P=7.02×10(-18); odds ratio, 4.27; 95% CI, 3.92-4.62). Association within the major histocompatibility complex region was also observed in early-onset cases (HLA-DQA1; rs601006; P=2.52×10(-11); odds ratio, 4.0; 95% CI, 3.57-4.43), although the set of single-nucleotide polymorphisms was different from that implicated among late-onset cases.Conclusions and relevanceOur genetic data provide insights into aberrant cellular mechanisms responsible for this prototypical autoimmune disorder. They also suggest that clinical trials of immunomodulatory drugs related to CTLA4 and that are already Food and Drug Administration approved as therapies for other autoimmune diseases could be considered for patients with refractory disease.

Published
2015

4. Trial of Antisense Oligonucleotide Tofersen for SOD1 ALS

Author

Miller, Timothy M, Cudkowicz, Merit E, Andrews, Jinsy A, Hesters, Adele, Kermorvant, Hugo, Lacomblez, Lucette, Forestier, Nadine Le, Lenglet, Thimotée, Retail, Maryvonne, Ruiz Del Mar Amador, Maria, Salachas, François, Shotar, Eimad, Sourour, Nader, Babu, Suma, Dorst, Johannes, Froehlich, Elke, Fromm, Andrea, Kandler, Katharina, Langer, Eva, Leichtle, Sarah, Ludolph, Albert, Mayer, Kristina, Michels, Sebastian, Raubold, Sabine, Benatar, Michael, Schuster, Joachim, Weiland, Ulrike, Wiesenfarth, Maximilian, Witzel, Simon, Calvo, Andrea, Canosa, Antonio, Casale, Federico, Chiò, Adriano, Fuda, Giuseppe, Grassano, Maurizio, McDermott, Christopher J, Marchese, Giulia, Moglia, Cristina, Palumbo, Francesca, Salamone, Paolina, Ajiki, Takahiro, Akasaka, Aya, Ando, Masahiro, Arata, Hitoshi, Asuka, Kitamura, Baba, Kosuke, Cochrane, Thos, Bekku, Goichi, Chiba, Tomoya, Date, Yugaku, Eriko, Takeuchi, Hashiguchi, Akihiro, Hatatori, Ritsuko, Hayano, Eri, Hayashi, Yuto, Higashi, Keiko, Higuchi, Eriko, Chary, Sowmya, Hiramatsu, Yu, Horikawa, Rui, Ikenaka, Kensuke, Ishiura, Hiroyuki, Ito, Daisuke, Kawai, Sachiko, Kikuchi, Junko, Kuzuyama, Haruko, Li, Xuehong, Matsumoto, Chika, Chew, Sheena, Matsuura, Eiji, Michizono, Kumiko, Mitsui, Jun, Mitsutake, Akihiko, Mochizuki, Hideki, Nagamatsu, Akemi, Nagano, Seiichi, Nakamura, Tomonori, Naruse, Hiroya, Ogasawara, Asuka, Zhu, Han, Okada, Kensuke, Okamoto, Yuji, Okuno, Tatsusada, Oyama, Satoshi, Ozono, Tatsuhiko, Sakiyama, Yusuke, Sakuishi, Kaori, Seki, Morinobu, Shibata, Shota, Shimizu, Mikito, Wu, Fan, Takahata, Katsunori, Takahito, Yoshizaki, Takashima, Hiroshi, Takeichi, Hiroko, Tashiro, Yuichi, Toda, Tatsushi, Tomizu, Yuki, Tomoya, Wadayama, Ujiakira, Nishiike, Yashita, Daiki, Nestorov, Ivan, Al-Chalabi, Ammar, Alix, James, Bangalore, Priyadarshini, Blackburn, Daniel, Chiwera, Theresa, Clegg, Rosie, Collins, Alexis, Cooper-Knock, Jonathan, Emery, Anna, Franklin, John, Genge, Angela, Graham, Danielle, Green, Louisa, Harvey, Callum, Hobson, Esther, Islam, Mahjabim, Jenkins, Thomas Michael, Kazoka, Mbombe, Kelly, Gillian, Korley, Mercy, Madarshahaian, Daniel, Mayl, Keith, Sun, Peng, McDermott, Christopher John, Radford, Alex, Shaw, Christopher, Shaw, Pamela J, Sidebottom, Joe, Smart, Lynne, Sreedharan, Jemeen, Stone, Ben, Tsironis, Theocharis, Tuddenham, Lee, McNeill, Manjit, Verber, Nick, Wollff, Helen, Young, Stacy, Zis, Panagiotis, Adamo, Ashley, Ahmed, Arubah, Ajroud-Driss, Senda, Alameda, Gustave, Arcila-Londono, Ximena, Fanning, Laura, Baird, Candy, Bazan, Tracy, Berry, James, Bordeau, Jane, Bradford, Wendy, Brook, Nyda, Brown, Lauren, Bucelli, Robert C, Ferguson, Toby A, Buckner, Katherine, Budler, Michael W, Burba, Lindita, Burke, Katherine, Calhoun, Ashley D, Campbell, Sarah, Carey, Judith, Caristo, Irys B, Carty, Simon, Chan, Emmanuel, Fradette, Stephanie, Chaudhry, Vinay, Chen, Ricky, Chow, Saephanh, Clawson, Lora L, Clemens, Mitchell, Cloninger, Suzann E, Coleman-Wood, Krista, Cooper, Thomas N, Cummings, Arlena, Daniels, Jacquelyn, VALOR, DeSaro, Pamela, DeWitt, Michelle, Dedi, Brixhilda, Dempsey, Debbie, Denny, Carol, Doherty, Jenna, Doherty, Leana, Donahue, Megan, Doyle, Michael, Duncan, Jessie, Group, OLE Working, Elman, Lauren, Eloge, Christine M, Echiti, Desirae R, Ferrey, Dominic, Fournier, Christina, Fukumura, Yuriko, Gallagher, Katherine, Garaycoa, Jessica, Garrett, Mark, Gibson, Richard L, Beullens, Lien, Gifford, Ryan, Glass, Jonathan D, Gogol, Danuta, Golden, Shea, Gonzalez, Alexa, Goodman, Ira, Goolsby, Christopher, Goslin, Kimberly, Goulbourne, Michael, Granit, Volkan, Claeys, Kristl, Grignon, Anne-Laure, GuhaRay, Adreeja, Guide, Debra, Gundogdu, Melek Betul, Gutierrez, Gil, Hastings, Debbie, Hayzen, Colleen, Herzog, Hilary, Holloway, Raegan, Jacobs, Gabriel, Claeys, Thomas, Jacobsen, Bill, James, Virginia, Jenkins, Liberty, Jockel-Balsarotti, Jennifer, Johnson, Linda Carol, Jose, Sunil, Joslin, Benjamin, Karanja, Elizabeth, Katz, Jonathan, Keener, Anthony, Couwelier, Goedele, Kittle, Gale, Klein, Sara, Kreple, Collin, Rebecca, Rebecca, Kuenzler, Kuenzler, Kusnir, Jorge, Labbe, Kristen, Lachica-Encinas, Nicolet, Ladha, Shafeeq, Leimer, Lesli, D'Hondt, Ann, Levy, Michael, Levy, Wendy, Li, Yingji, Likanje, Marie-France, Livigni, Rebecca, Locatelli, Eduardo, Luppino, Sarah, Malcolm, Amber, Maragakis, Nicholas, Marin, Horia, Debien, Elisa, Markowitz, Clyde, Markway, Jesse, McCaffrey, Alexandra, McCoy, Arita, McCoy Gross, Kelly, Mehta, Kush, Meyer, Robert, Milan, Jennifer, Miller, Timothy, Miller, Robert G, de Keersmaecker, Sebastiaan, Morales, Francisco, Mosmiller, Elizabeth, Mott, Donovan, Moulton, Kelsey, Murphy, Christine A, Negron, Tirso, Nelson, Cassandra, Newman, Daniel S, Nissinen, Janne Kristoffer, Norman, Andrew, Della Faille, Laetitia, Ohkubo, Takuya, Olney, Nicholas, Ortiz, Natasha, Oskarsson, Bjorn, Pace, Mitchell, Packard, Kathleen, Padgett, Denny, Paganoni, Sabrina, Paredes, Maria E, Parker, Elizabeth, Delmotte, Koen, Partlow, Ann, Pattee, Gary L, Paulett, Jany, Pelot, Antoinette, Pfeifer, Kyle M, Pijanowski, Olivia, Pioro, Erik, Polak, Meraida, Prakash, Ahalya, Previte, Rosemarie, Depoortere, Sofie, Pukenas, Bryan, Quinn, Colin, Ravits, John, Razavi, Ryan, Regan, Tyler, Riley, Kristen M, Roth, Heather, Sanders, Danica, Scalia, Jennifer, Schmidt, Emma, de Velder, Laura, Schwen, Edward, Shah, Jaimin, Shah, Stuti, Shefner, Jeremy, Sheldon, Danielle, Simmons, Karon, Singh, Navneet K, Singleton, Jessica, Smiley, Richard, Smith, William B, Dobbels, Laurens, Smith, Sean, Sotirchos, Elias, Sorenson, Eric, Staff, Nathan, Steele, Julie, Steijlen, Kara, Stirrat, Taylor, Stoica, George S, Strong, Stephanie, Sufit, Robert, Sobue, Gen, Gijs, Jeroen, Sultze, Jane, Swartz, Amy, Szymanski, April, Tay, Anna, Thakore, Nimish, Thiessen, Diana, Thotala, Sukrutha, Trudell, Randall G, Turcotte, Nicole, Turner, Michelle, Horckmans, Simon, Uchil, Alpa, Upadhyay, Vihar, Usman, Uzma, Vallis, Anne, Vaporean-Bussey, Danielle, Vladimirova, Valentine, Weber, Harli, Winbigler, Jennifer, Wojanowski, Heather, Wulf, Charlie, Lamaire, Nikita, Yasek, Julia, Yoo, Stephanie, Zivalic, Hannah, Cole, Alexandra, File, Greta, Foate, Jeremy, Mason, Deborah, Newton, Susan, Roberts, Stephen, Sellwood, Cory Dean, Liessens, Hannelore, Swan, James, Werno, Anja, Zhong, Cathy, Masrori, Pegah, Nysten, Celine, Schotte, Caroline, Serrien, Anouk, Swinnen, Bart, Tilkin, Petra, van Daele, Sien, Van Damme, Philip, Vynckier, Jan, Wouters, Anke, Abrahao, Agessandro, Angle, Mark, Badawy, Mohamed, Berube, Maxime, Bertone, Vanessa, Cooper, Sarah Marie, Dobrowolski, Peter, Fong, Helen, Hannouche, Matthew, Hartley, Denise, Hogan, Michael, Johnston, Wendy, Khalfallah, Yousra, Korngut, Lawrence, Kroetsch, Gina, Letourneau, Justin, Magnussen, Claire, Martinez, Jose, Massie, Rami, Mobach, Theodore, Mookshah, Jahan, Ozelsel, Timur, Parks, Andrea, Petrillo, Janet, Pfeffer, Gerald, Ludolph, Albert C, Pham, Shirley, Phung, Liane, Shiungsun, Rodney, Pi-Shan, Li, Santos, Denizart, Salmon, Kristiana, Saunders, Natalie, Sembinelli, Dylan, Tymkow, Kelsey, Wong, Berchman, Zinman, Lorne, Karlsborg, Merete, Pedersen Lomholt, Therese, Nilsson, Sigrid, Salvesen, Lisette, Skov, Pernille, Svenstrup, Kristen, Bruneteau, Gaelle, Calerencon, Frederic, and Guimaraes Costa, Raquel

Subjects
Adult, drug effects [Recovery of Function], Spinal, Oligonucleotides, blood [Neurofilament Proteins], administration & dosage [Oligonucleotides, Antisense], tofersen, Injections, blood [Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis], pharmacology [Oligonucleotides, Antisense], Superoxide Dismutase-1, Double-Blind Method, Neurofilament Proteins, Humans, ddc:610, Antisense, Injections, Spinal, Biomarkers, Recovery of Function, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Oligonucleotides, Antisense, blood [Biomarkers], drug therapy [Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis], therapeutic use [Oligonucleotides, Antisense], SOD1 protein, human, General Medicine, genetics [Superoxide Dismutase-1], genetics [Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis], cerebrospinal fluid [Biomarkers], cerebrospinal fluid [Superoxide Dismutase-1], cerebrospinal fluid [Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis]
Abstract

The intrathecally administered antisense oligonucleotide tofersen reduces synthesis of the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) protein and is being studied in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) associated with mutations in SOD1 (SOD1 ALS).In this phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned adults with SOD1 ALS in a 2:1 ratio to receive eight doses of tofersen (100 mg) or placebo over a period of 24 weeks. The primary end point was the change from baseline to week 28 in the total score on the ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R; range, 0 to 48, with higher scores indicating better function) among participants predicted to have faster-progressing disease. Secondary end points included changes in the total concentration of SOD1 protein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), in the concentration of neurofilament light chains in plasma, in slow vital capacity, and in handheld dynamometry in 16 muscles. A combined analysis of the randomized component of the trial and its open-label extension at 52 weeks compared the results in participants who started tofersen at trial entry (early-start cohort) with those in participants who switched from placebo to the drug at week 28 (delayed-start cohort).A total of 72 participants received tofersen (39 predicted to have faster progression), and 36 received placebo (21 predicted to have faster progression). Tofersen led to greater reductions in concentrations of SOD1 in CSF and of neurofilament light chains in plasma than placebo. In the faster-progression subgroup (primary analysis), the change to week 28 in the ALSFRS-R score was -6.98 with tofersen and -8.14 with placebo (difference, 1.2 points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -3.2 to 5.5; P = 0.97). Results for secondary clinical end points did not differ significantly between the two groups. A total of 95 participants (88%) entered the open-label extension. At 52 weeks, the change in the ALSFRS-R score was -6.0 in the early-start cohort and -9.5 in the delayed-start cohort (difference, 3.5 points; 95% CI, 0.4 to 6.7); non-multiplicity-adjusted differences favoring early-start tofersen were seen for other end points. Lumbar puncture-related adverse events were common. Neurologic serious adverse events occurred in 7% of tofersen recipients.In persons with SOD1 ALS, tofersen reduced concentrations of SOD1 in CSF and of neurofilament light chains in plasma over 28 weeks but did not improve clinical end points and was associated with adverse events. The potential effects of earlier as compared with delayed initiation of tofersen are being further evaluated in the extension phase. (Funded by Biogen; VALOR and OLE ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT02623699 and NCT03070119; EudraCT numbers, 2015-004098-33 and 2016-003225-41.).

Published
2022

5. Long-term safety and efficacy of eculizumab in generalized myasthenia gravis

Author

Muppidi, Srikanth, Utsugisawa, Kimiaki, Benatar, Michael, Murai, Hiroyuki, Barohn, Richard J., Illa, Isabel, Jacob, Saiju, Vissing, John, Burns, Ted M., Kissel, John T., Nowak, Richard J., Andersen, Henning, Casasnovas, Carlos, de Bleecker, Jan L., Vu, Tuan H., Mantegazza, Renato, O'Brien, Fanny L., Wang, Jing Jing, Fujita, Kenji P., Howard, James F., Mazia, Claudio Gabriel, Wilken, Miguel, Barroso, Fabio, Saba, Juliet, Rugiero, Marcelo, Bettini, Mariela, Chaves, Marcelo, Vidal, Gonzalo, Garcia, Alejandra Dalila, van den Abeele, Guy, de Koning, Kathy, de Mey, Katrien, Mercelis, Rudy, Mahieu, D. lphine, Wagemaekers, Linda, van Damme, Philip, Depreitere, Annelies, Schotte, Caroline, Smetcoren, Charlotte, Stevens, Olivier, van Daele, Sien, Vandenbussche, Nicolas, Vanhee, Annelies, Verjans, Sarah, Vynckier, Jan, D'Hondt, Ann, Tilkin, Petra, Alves de Siqueira Carvalho, Alzira, Dias Brockhausen, Igor, Feder, David, Ambrosio, Daniel, César, Pamela, Melo, Ana Paula, Martins Ribeiro, Renata, Rocha, Rosana, Bezerra Rosa, Bruno, Veiga, Thabata, da Silva, Luiz Augusto, Santos Engel, Murilo, Gonçalves Geraldo, Jordana, Ananias Morita, Maria da Penha, Nogueira Coelho, Erica, Paiva, Gabriel, Pozo, Marina, Prando, Natalia, Martineli Torres, Debora Dada, Butinhao, Cristiani Fernanda, Duran, Gustavo, Gomes da Silva, Tamires Cristina, Otavio Maia Gonçalves, Luiz, Pazetto, Lucas Eduardo, Fialho, Tomás Augusto Suriane, Renata Cubas Volpe, Luciana, Souza Duca, Luciana, Gheller Friedrich, Maurício André, Guerreiro, Alexandre, Mohr, Henrique, Pereira Martins, Maurer, da Cruz Pacheco, Daiane, Ferreira, Luciana, Macagnan, Ana Paula, Pinto, Graziela, de Cassia Santos, Aline, Souza Bulle Oliveira, Acary, Amaral Andrade, Ana Carolina, Annes, Marcelo, Duarte Silva, Liene, Cavalcante Lino, Valeria, Pinto, Wladimir, Assis, Natália, Carrara, Fernanda, Miranda, Carolina, Souza, Iandra, Fernandes, Patricia, Siddiqi, Zaeem, Phan, Cecile, Narayan, Jeffrey, Blackmore, Derrick, Mallon, Ashley, Roderus, Rikki, Watt, Elizabeth, Vohanka, Stanislav, Bednarik, Josef, Chmelikova, Magda, Cierny, Marek, Toncrova, Stanislava, Junkerova, Jana, Kurkova, Barbora, Reguliova, Katarina, Zapletalova, Olga, Pitha, Jiri, Novakova, Iveta, Tyblova, Michaela, Jurajdova, Ivana, Wolfova, Marcela, Harbo, Thomas, Vinge, Lotte, Krogh, Susanne, Mogensen, Anita, Højgaard, Joan, Witting, Nanna, Ostergaard Autzen, Anne, Pedersen, Jane, Eralinna, Juha-Pekka, Laaksonen, Mikko, Oksaranta, Olli, Harrison, Tuula, Eriksson, Jaana, Rozsa, Csilla, Horvath, Melinda, Lovas, Gabor, Matolcsi, Judit, Szabo, Gyorgyi, Jakab, Gedeonne, Szabadosne, Brigitta, Vecsei, Laszlo, Dezsi, Livia, Varga, Edina, Konyane, Monika, Antonini, Giovanni, di Pasquale, Antonella, Garibaldi, Matteo, Morino, Stefania, Troili, Fernanda, Fionda, Laura, Filla, Allessandro, Costabile, Teresa, Marano, Enrico, Saccà, Francesco, Fasanaro, Angiola, Marsili, Angela, Puorro, Giorgia, Antozzi, Carlo, Bonanno, Silvia, Camera, Giorgia, Locatelli, Alberta, Maggi, Lorenzo, Pasanisi, Maria, Campanella, Angela, Evoli, Amelia, Alboini, Paolo Emilio, D'Amato, Valentina, Iorio, Raffaele, Inghilleri, Maurizio, Frasca, Vittorio, Giacomelli, Elena, Gori, Maria, Lopergolo, Diego, Onesti, Emanuela, Gabriele, Maria, Uzawa, Akiyuki, Kanai, Tetsuya, Kawaguchi, Naoki, Mori, Masahiro, Kaneko, Yoko, Kanzaki, Akiko, Kobayashi, Eri, Masaki, Katsuhisa, Matsuse, Dai, Matsushita, Takuya, Uehara, Taira, Shimpo, Misa, Jingu, Maki, Kikutake, Keiko, Nakamura, Yumiko, Sano, Yoshiko, Nagane, Yuriko, Kamegamori, Ikuko, Tsuda, Tomoko, Fujii, Yuko, Futono, Kazumi, Ozawa, Yukiko, Mizugami, Aya, Saito, Yuka, Suzuki, Hidekazu, Morikawa, Miyuki, Samukawa, Makoto, Kamakura, Sachiko, Miyawaki, Eriko, Shiraishi, Hirokazu, Mitazaki, Teiichiro, Motomura, Masakatsu, Mukaino, Akihiro, Yoshimura, Shunsuke, Asada, Shizuka, Yoshida, Seiko, Amamoto, Shoko, Kobashikawa, Tomomi, Koga, Megumi, Maeda, Yasuko, Takada, Kazumi, Takada, Mihoko, Tsurumaru, Masako, Yamashita, Yumi, Suzuki, Yasushi, Akiyama, Tetsuya, Narikawa, Koichi, Tano, Ohito, Tsukita, Kenichi, Kurihara, Rikako, Meguro, Fumie, Fukuda, Yusuke, Sato, Miwako, Okumura, Meinoshin, Funaka, Soichiro, Kawamura, Tomohiro, Makamori, Masayuki, Takahashi, Masanori, Taichi, Namie, Hasuike, Tomoya, Higuchi, Eriko, Kobayashi, Hisako, Osakada, Kaori, Imai, Tomihiro, Tsuda, Emiko, Shimohama, Shun, Hayashi, Takashi, Hisahara, Shin, Kawamata, Jun, Murahara, Takashi, Saitoh, Masaki, Suzuki, Shuichiro, Yamamoto, Daisuke, Ishiyama, Yoko, Ishiyama, Naoko, Noshiro, Mayuko, Takeyama, Rumi, Uwasa, Kaori, Yasuda, Ikuko, van der Kooi, Anneke, de Visser, Marianne, Gibson, Tamar, Kim, Byung-Jo, Lee, Chang Nyoung, Koo, Yong Seo, Seok, Hung Youl, Kang, Hoo Nam, Ra, HyeJin, Kim, Byoung Joon, Cho, Eun Bin, Choi, MiSong, Lee, HyeLim, Min, Ju-Hong, Seok, Jinmyoung, Lee, JiEun, Koh, Da Yoon, Kwon, JuYoung, Park, SangAe, Choi, Eun Hwa, Hong, Yoon-Ho, Ahn, So-Hyun, Koo, Dae Lim, Lim, Jae-Sung, Shin, Chae Won, Hwang, Ji Ye, Kim, Miri, Kim, Seung 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Mosmiller, Betsy, Kelley, Andrea, Ho, Doreen, Srinivasan, Jayashri, Vytopil, Michal, Jara, Jordan, Ventura, Nicholas, Scala, Stephanie, Carter, Cynthia, Donahue, Craig, Herbert, Carol, Weiner, Elaine, Alam, Sharmeen, McKinnon, Jonathan, Haar, Laura, McKinnon, Naya, Alcon, Karan, McKenna, Kaitlyn, Sattar, Nadia, Daniels, Kevin, Jeffery, Dennis, Freimer, Miriam, Hoyle, Joseph Chad, Agriesti, Julie, Chelnick, Sharon, Mezache, Louisa, Pineda, Colleen, Muharrem, Filiz, Karam, Chafic, Khoury, Julie, Marburger, Tessa, Kaur, Harpreet, Dimitrova, Diana, Gilchrist, James, Agrawal, Brajesh, Elsayed, Mona, Kohlrus, Stephanie, Andoin, Angela, Darnell, Taylor, Golden, Laura, Lokaitis, Barbara, Seelback, Jenna, Goyal, Neelam, Sakamuri, Sarada, So, Yuen T., Paulose, Shirley, Pol, Sabrina, Welsh, Lesly, Bhavaraju-Sanka, Ratna, Tobon Gonzales, Alejandro, Dishman, Lorraine, Jones, Floyd, Gonzalez, Anna, Padilla, Patricia, Saklad, Amy, Silva, Marcela, Nations, Sharon, Trivedi, Jaya, Hopkins, Steve, Kazamel, Mohamed, Alsharabati, Mohammad, Lu, Liang, Nozaki, Kenkichi, Mumfrey-Thomas, Sandi, Woodall, Amy, Mozaffar, Tahseen, Cash, Tiyonnoh, Goyal, Namita, Roy, Gulmohor, Mathew, Veena, Maqsood, Fatima, Minton, Brian, Jones, H. James, Rosenfeld, Jeffrey, Garcia, Rebekah, Echevarria, Laura, Garcia, Sonia, Pulley, Michael, Aranke, Shachie, Berger, Alan Ross, Shah, Jaimin, Shabbir, Yasmeen, Smith, Lisa, Varghese, Mary, Gutmann, Laurie, Gutmann, Ludwig, Jerath, Nivedita, Nance, Christopher, Swenson, Andrea, Olalde, Heena, Kressin, Nicole, Sieren, Jeri, Dimachkie, Mazen, Glenn, Melanie, McVey, April, Pasnoor, Mamatha, Statland, Jeffery, Wang, Yunxia, Liu, Tina, Emmons, Kelley, Jenci, Nicole, Locheke, Jerry, Fondaw, Alex, Johns, Kathryn, Rico, Gabrielle, Walsh, Maureen, Herbelin, Laura, Hafer-Macko, Charlene, Kwan, Justin, Zilliox, Lindsay, Callison, Karen, Young, Valerie, DiSanzo, Beth, Naunton, Kerry, Bilsker, Martin, Sharma, Khema, Cooley, Anne, Reyes, Eliana, Michon, Sara-Claude, Sheldon, Danielle, Steele, Julie, Chopra, Manisha, Traub, Rebecca, Katzin, Lara, McClain, Terry, Harvey, Brittany, Hart, Adam, Huynh, Kristin, Beydoun, Said, Chilingaryan, Amaiak, Doan, Victor, Droker, Brian, Gong, Hui, Karimi, Sanaz, Lin, Frank, Pokala, Krishna, Shah, Akshay, Tran, Anh, Akhter, Salma, Malekniazi, Ali, Tandan, Rup, Hehir, Michael, Waheed, Waqar, Lucy, Shannon, Weiss, Michael, Distad, Jane, Strom, Susan, Downing, Sharon, Kim, Bryan, Bertorini, Tulio, Arnold, Thomas, Hendersen, Kendrick, Pillai, Rekha, Liu, Ye, Wheeler, Lauren, Hewlett, Jasmine, Vanderhook, Mollie, Dicapua, Daniel, Keung, Benison, Kumar, Aditya, Patwa, Huned, Robeson, Kimberly, Yang, Irene, Nye, Joan, Vu, Hong, Muppidi, S., Utsugisawa, K., Benatar, M., Murai, H., Barohn, R. 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Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Pediatrics, Exacerbation, Physiology, Heart Diseases/chemically induced, Myasthenia Gravis/drug therapy, 030105 genetics & heredity, THERAPY, DOUBLE-BLIND, 0302 clinical medicine, Quality of life, Monoclonal, Activities of Daily Living, Medicine and Health Sciences, Functional ability, Longitudinal Studies, Humanized, Angioedema/chemically induced, MG-ADL, QMG, Eculizumab, Middle Aged, myasthenia gravi, 3. Good health, Treatment Outcome, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use, Meningococcal Infections/epidemiology, Disease Progression, Female, eculizumab, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, COMPLEMENT INHIBITOR ECULIZUMAB, medicine.drug, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, MG-QOL15, Heart Diseases, Clinical Neurology, Meningococcal Vaccines, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Placebo, Antibodies, ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTOR, Complement Inactivating Agents/therapeutic use, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Refractory, Physiology (medical), Injection Site Reaction/epidemiology, Myasthenia Gravis, medicine, Aspergillosis, Aspergillosis/epidemiology, Humans, Muscle Strength, Angioedema, myasthenia gravis, Science & Technology, business.industry, MGC, Neurosciences, Meningococcal Vaccines/therapeutic use, medicine.disease, Interim analysis, Complement Inactivating Agents, Injection Site Reaction, Meningococcal Infections, Quality of Life, Myasthenia gravis, ANTIBODY, Neurosciences & Neurology, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Eculizumab is effective and well tolerated in patients with antiacetylcholine receptor antibody-positive refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG; REGAIN; NCT01997229). We report an interim analysis of an open-label extension of REGAIN, evaluating eculizumab's long-term safety and efficacy. METHODS: Eculizumab (1,200 mg every 2 weeks for 22.7 months [median]) was administered to 117 patients. RESULTS: The safety profile of eculizumab was consistent with REGAIN; no cases of meningococcal infection were reported during the interim analysis period. Myasthenia gravis exacerbation rate was reduced by 75% from the year before REGAIN (P

Published
2019

6. Case 12: My Doctor Says That I Have ALS!

Author

Wilson, Robin K. and Chaudhry, Vinay

Subjects
Male, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Humans, Myotonic Dystrophy, MedGenMed Neurology & Neurosurgery, Diagnostic Errors, Middle Aged
Published
2006

7. Safety and efficacy of eculizumab in anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive refractory generalised myasthenia gravis (REGAIN): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre study

Author

Kazumi Takada, Vladislav Abramov, Seiko Yoshida, Pinar Ozcelik, Carolina Miranda, Jennifer Kane, Kaitlyn McKenna, Natasha Campbell, Sharon P. Nations, Shitiz Kumar Sriwastava, Yuko Fujii, Mayumi Murata, Linda Wagemaekers, Angela Andoin, Mollie Vanderhook, Yoshinori Okubo, Martin Bilsker, Taira Uehara, Vera Bril, Julia Wanschitz, Stanislava Toncrova, Mariela Bettini, Kazumi Futono, Shachie Aranke, Yool-hee Kim, Hiroyuki Murai, Anne Nyrhinen, Vinay Chaudhry, Raffaele Iorio, Takashi Kanda, Brittany Harvey, Francisco Javier Rodriguez de Rivera, Henning Andersen, Marianne de Visser, Miwako Sato, Yasuhiro Maeda, Fabienne Deruelle, Marina Pozo, Adam Hart, Masaki Saitoh, Wladimir Bocca Vieira de Rezende Pinto, Said R. Beydoun, Lindsay Zilliox, Akihiro Mukaino, Cinzia Caserta, Mahi Jasinarachchi, Andrea M. Corse, Nikoletta Papadopoulou, JuYoung Kwon, Fernanda Carrara, Juliet Saba, Masayuki Makamori, Vittorio Frasca, Luciana Souza Duca, Hoo Nam Kang, C. Trebst, Celile Phan, Muzeyyen Ugur, Eduardo Ng, Jonathan McKinnon, Hila Bali Kuperman, David Feder, Judit Matolcsi, Jiri Pitha, Martin Stangel, Kate Beck, Gabriel Paiva, Diego Lopergolo, Katrien De Mey, Hidenori Matsuo, Lucas Eduardo Pazetto, Eugene Lai, Amanda Anderson, Ann D'Hondt, Tetsuya Akiyama, Beverly Fyfe, Bella Gross, Elisabet Arribas-Ibar, Kathy de Koning, Gulmohor Roy, Dmitry Pokhabov, Maria Johanna Keijzers, Nicholas Ventura, Tessa Marburger, John Loor, Ji Eun Lee, Alessandro Filla, Celal Tuga, Stephanie Scala, Rudy Mercelis, Marc H. De Baets, Hisako Kobayashi, Stanislav Vohanka, Ana Paula Macagnan, Ana Carolina Amaral de Andrade, Heike Arndt, Giovanni Antonini, Yumi Yamashita, Gwendal Le Masson, Sonia Garcia, Sarah Verjans, James F. Howard, Zaeem A. Siddiqi, Yuen T. So, Megumi Koga, Exuperio Diez Tejedor, Teresa Costabile, Mihoko Takada Takada, Steve Hopkins, Jonathan S. Katz, Charlene Hafer-Macko, Erica Nogueira Coelho, Hung Youl Seok, Carol Herbert, Yuriko Nagane, Didem Altiparmak, Sachiko Kamakura, Mohammad Sanjak, Caroline Moreau, Jordi Díaz-Manera, Sivakumar Sathasivam, Michael Vytopil, Amelia Evoli, Masakatsu Motomura, Ester Reggio, Guy Van den Abeele, Hélène Zéphir, Asya Yarmoschuk, Jasmine Hewlett, Amy Wilson, Sachie Fukui, Cavit Boz, Iandra Souza, Morgane Gaboreau, Ivana Jurajdova, Sonia Decressac, Yong Seo Koo, Valentina Pegoraro, Seung Min Kim, Benison Keung, Rosana Rocha, Nanna Witting, John Vissing, Elaine Weiner, Ali Malekniazi, Larisa Babenko, Amanda C. Guidon, Gal Maier, Charlotte Smetcoren, Robert M. Pascuzzi, Domenico Marco Bonifati, Yumiko Nakamura, Tamires Cristina Gomes da Silva, Takashi Murahara, Sarah Plevka, Tomoko Tsuda, John C. Kincaid, Arnaud Lacour, Ibrez Bandukwala, Alan R. Berger, Chang Nyoung Lee, Jae-Sung Lim, Vern C. Juel, Tulio E. Bertorini, Valeria Cavalcante Lino, Namie Taichi, Ju-Hong Min, Josep Gamez, Nelly Greenbereg, William S. David, Srikanth Muppidi, Husnu Efendi, Pedro Lopez Ruiz, Baki Dogan, Cansu Semiz, Natalia Julia Palacios, Sharon Downing, Paola Cudia, Daniel Jacobs, Can Ebru Bekircan-Kurt, Takayasu Fukudome, Kristen Roe, Lena Bjarbo, Nicole Kassebaum, Makoto Samukawa, Shizuka Asada, Christina Dheel, Fatima Maqsood, Eun Bi Hwang, Kevin Daniels, Sevim Erdem-Ozdamar, Olivier Stevens, Claudio Mazia, Karan Alcon, Sibel Gazioglu, Keiko Kikutake, Luis Lay, Petra Tilkin, Corrado Angelini, Derrick Blackmore, Kimiaki Utsugisawa, Despoina Charalambous, Tuula Harrison, Kristin Huynh, Huned S. Patwa, Laura Echevarria, Henrique Mohr, Christian Homedes-Pedret, Richard J. Barohn, Byung Jo Kim, Daniel DiCapua, Terry McClain, Debora Dada Martineli Torres, Maria Salvado Figueras, Ana Paula Melo, Riley Snook, Miki Ogawa, Marcelo Annes, Yuka Saito, Isabel Illa, Evanthia Bernitsas, Nicole Smalley, Molly Lindsay, Robert G. Miller, Olga Azrilin, Silvia Bonanno, Evgeniya Kosykh, Marcela Wolfova, Olivier Outteryck, Shirli Toska, Anna Kostera-Pruszczyk, HyeJin Ra, Rup Tandan, Sotirios Papagiannopoulos, Natasha Willlems, Anne Mette Ostergaard Autzen, Meinoshin Okumura, Patrick Vermersch, Sarada Sakamuri, Maria Antonia Alberti Aguilo, Shigemi Shimose, Cynthia Carter, Ira Blount, Lisa Thompson, Maurer Pereira Martins, Richard Nowak, Hyung Seok Lee, Anna Kaminska, Joan Bratton, Nazire Pinar Acar, Junichi Ogasawara, Mohamed Mahdi-Rogers, Teiichiro Mitazaki, Marek Čierny, Craig Donahue, Jaya Trivedi, Neelam Goyal, Gonzalo Vidal, Brandy Quarles, Akiko Kanzaki, Yasuko Ikeda, Tomomi Kobashikawa, Morris Brown, Daisuke Yamamoto, Michel Deneve, Denis Korobko, Beth DiSanzo, Benedikt Schoser, Heidi Boterhoven, Eri Kobayashi, Maoko Shirane, Cristiani Fernanda Butinhao, Eriko Higuchi, Takashi Hayashi, Masanori Takahashi, Anne-Cécile Wielanek-Bachelet, Benjamin Rix Brooks, Emanuela Onesti, Tahseen Mozaffar, Liang Lu, Sevasti Bostantzopoulou, Christophe Vial, Shawn J. Bird, Sandi Mumfrey-Thomas, Julie Khoury, Kara Patrick, Kenichi Tsukita, Yoshiko Sano, Hiroshi Nakazora, David P. Richman, Gavin Brown, Yoon-Ho Hong, Tomohiro Kawamura, Igor Dias Brockhausen, Ye Liu, Acary Souza Bulle Oliveira, Soichiro Funaka, Tomoya Hasuike, Frank Lin, Luis Antonio Querol Gutierrez, Namita Goyal, Elena Pinzan, Michelle Mellion, Silvia Messina, Christopher Lindberg, Csilla Rozsa, J. Chad Hoyle, Yoko Kaneko, Gustavo Duran, Francesco Patti, Arshira Seddigh, Ele Kim Perez, Jayashri Srinivasan, Michael Benatar, Philip Van Damme, Salma Akhter, Daniel Ambrosio, Maria Salvado, Floyd Jones, Mark Sivak, Anneke J. van der Kooi, Karen Callison, Catherine Nigro, Rebekah Garcia, Thomas Arnold, Hideki Arima, Brigid Crabtree, Mary Varghese, Aditya Kumar, Miri Kim, Fanny O'Brien, Naya McKinnon, Lauren Wheeler, Hong Vu, Shunsuke Yoshimura, Masatoshi Omoto, Jeffrey T. Guptill, Maria Gabriele, Francoise Bouhour, Veena Mathew, Ritsu Nakayama, Rosa Hasan, Francesco Saccà, Mohammed Salajegheh, Diana Dimitrova, Alzira Alves de Siqueira Carvalho, Maurizio Inghilleri, George Sachs, Rekha Pillai, Enrico Marano, Monika Konyane, Anh Tran, Seda Aydinlik, Kendrick Henderson, Fumie Meguro, Alexandre Guerreiro, Amaiak Chilingaryan, Tiyonnoh Cash, Jun Kawamata, Julie Steele, Helene Gervais-Bernard, Thomas Harbo, Alejandra Dalila Garcia, Musa Kazim Onar, Sabrina Sacconi, Carlos Casasnovas Pons, Nadezhda Malkova, Denis Sazonov, Mireya Fernandez-Fournier, Karin Fricke, Laurie Gutmann, Amy Saklad, Clara Schommer, Sandra Taber, Fiona Norwood, Tugce Kirbas Cavdar, Monique Miesen, Fernanda Troili, Masanori Watanabe, Ratna Bhavaraju-Sanka, Ted M. Burns, Sari Atula, Faisal Sohail, Barbora Kurkova, Brigitta Szabadosne, Luciana Renata Cubas Volpe, Jane Pedersen, Jing Jing Wang, Masashi Inoue, Antonella Di Pasquale, Megan Kramer, Magda Chmelikova, Mehran Soltani, Tuan Vu, Laura Fionda, Eliz Agopian, Susan Shin, Anthony A. Amato, Lotte Vinge, Hakan Cavus, Gil I. Wolfe, Joan Nye, Delphine Mahieu, Miguel Wilken, Markus Färkkilä, Catherine Faber, Erin Manning, Emiko Tsuda, Rami Massie, Paolo Emilio Alboini, Yasmeen Shabbir, Angela Campanella, Aikaterini Dimitriou, Marcelo Rugiero, Cynthia Bodkin, Gyorgyi Szabo, Sharon Halton, Akshay Shah, Yasuko Maeda, Hans D. 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Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_treatment, Drug Resistance, Adult, Aged, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Autoantibodies, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Myasthenia Gravis, Receptors, Cholinergic, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Severity of Illness Index, Neurology (clinical), law.invention, Complement inhibitor, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Monoclonal, Receptors, Clinical endpoint, Humanized, Cholinergic, education.field_of_study, Eculizumab, Autoantibodie, Myasthenia Gravi, Settore MED/26 - NEUROLOGIA, Human, medicine.drug, Meningitides, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, Placebo, Antibodies, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, medicine, education, business.industry, Surgery, Thymectomy, 030104 developmental biology, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Background Complement is likely to have a role in refractory generalised myasthenia gravis, but no approved therapies specifically target this system. Results from a phase 2 study suggested that eculizumab, a terminal complement inhibitor, produced clinically meaningful improvements in patients with anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive refractory generalised myasthenia gravis. We further assessed the efficacy and safety of eculizumab in this patient population in a phase 3 trial. Methods We did a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre study (REGAIN) in 76 hospitals and specialised clinics in 17 countries across North America, Latin America, Europe, and Asia. Eligible patients were aged at least 18 years, with a Myasthenia Gravis-Activities of Daily Living (MG-ADL) score of 6 or more, Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) class II-IV disease, vaccination against Neisseria meningitides, and previous treatment with at least two immunosuppressive therapies or one immunosuppressive therapy and chronic intravenous immunoglobulin or plasma exchange for 12 months without symptom control. Patients with a history of thymoma or thymic neoplasms, thymectomy within 12 months before screening, or use of intravenous immunoglobulin or plasma exchange within 4 weeks before randomisation, or rituximab within 6 months before screening, were excluded. We randomly assigned participants (1:1) to either intravenous eculizumab or intravenous matched placebo for 26 weeks. Dosing for eculizumab was 900 mg on day 1 and at weeks 1, 2, and 3; 1200 mg at week 4; and 1200 mg given every second week thereafter as maintenance dosing. Randomisation was done centrally with an interactive voice or web-response system with patients stratified to one of four groups based on MGFA disease classification. Where possible, patients were maintained on existing myasthenia gravis therapies and rescue medication was allowed at the study physician's discretion. Patients, investigators, staff, and outcome assessors were masked to treatment assignment. The primary efficacy endpoint was the change from baseline to week 26 in MG-ADL total score measured by worst-rank ANCOVA. The efficacy population set was defined as all patients randomly assigned to treatment groups who received at least one dose of study drug, had a valid baseline MG-ADL assessment, and at least one post-baseline MG-ADL assessment. The safety analyses included all randomly assigned patients who received eculizumab or placebo. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01997229. Findings Between April 30, 2014, and Feb 19, 2016, we randomly assigned and treated 125 patients, 62 with eculizumab and 63 with placebo. The primary analysis showed no significant difference between eculizumab and placebo (least-squares mean rank 56·6 [SEM 4·5] vs 68·3 [4·5]; rank-based treatment difference -11·7, 95% CI -24·3 to 0·96; p=0·0698). No deaths or cases of meningococcal infection occurred during the study. The most common adverse events in both groups were headache and upper respiratory tract infection (ten [16%] for both events in the eculizumab group and 12 [19%] for both in the placebo group). Myasthenia gravis exacerbations were reported by six (10%) patients in the eculizumab group and 15 (24%) in the placebo group. Six (10%) patients in the eculizumab group and 12 (19%) in the placebo group required rescue therapy. Interpretation The change in the MG-ADL score was not statistically significant between eculizumab and placebo, as measured by the worst-rank analysis. Eculizumab was well tolerated. The use of a worst-rank analytical approach proved to be an important limitation of this study since the secondary and sensitivity analyses results were inconsistent with the primary endpoint result; further research into the role of complement is needed. Funding Alexion Pharmaceuticals.

Published
2017

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