Author: "Chowdhary A" / Topic: humans - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

829 results on '"Chowdhary A"'

1. Elevated body temperature is associated with depressive symptoms: results from the TemPredict Study.

Author: Mason, Ashley, Kasl, Patrick, Soltani, Severine, Green, Abigail, Hartogensis, Wendy, Dilchert, Stephan, Chowdhary, Anoushka, Pandya, Leena, Siwik, Chelsea, Foster, Simmie, Nyer, Maren, Lowry, Christopher, Raison, Charles, Hecht, Frederick, and Smarr, Benjamin
Subjects: Humans, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Major, Body Temperature, Fever, Self Report
Abstract: Correlations between altered body temperature and depression have been reported in small samples; greater confidence in these associations would provide a rationale for further examining potential mechanisms of depression related to body temperature regulation. We sought to test the hypotheses that greater depression symptom severity is associated with (1) higher body temperature, (2) smaller differences between body temperature when awake versus asleep, and (3) lower diurnal body temperature amplitude. Data collected included both self-reported body temperature (using standard thermometers), wearable sensor-assessed distal body temperature (using an off-the-shelf wearable sensor that collected minute-level physiological data), and self-reported depressive symptoms from > 20,000 participants over the course of ~ 7 months as part of the TemPredict Study. Higher self-reported and wearable sensor-assessed body temperatures when awake were associated with greater depression symptom severity. Lower diurnal body temperature amplitude, computed using wearable sensor-assessed distal body temperature data, tended to be associated with greater depression symptom severity, though this association did not achieve statistical significance. These findings, drawn from a large sample, replicate and expand upon prior data pointing to body temperature alterations as potentially relevant factors in depression etiology and may hold implications for development of novel approaches to the treatment of major depressive disorder.
Published: 2024

2. Variability of temperature measurements recorded by a wearable device by biological sex.

Author: Bruce, Lauryn, Kasl, Patrick, Soltani, Severine, Viswanath, Varun, Hartogensis, Wendy, Dilchert, Stephan, Hecht, Frederick, Chowdhary, Anoushka, Anglo, Claudine, Pandya, Leena, Altintas, Ilkay, Mason, Ashley, Smarr, Benjamin, Gupta, Amarnath, and Dasgupta, Subhasis
Subjects: Humans, Male, Female, Mice, Animals, Young Adult, Adult, Middle Aged, Aged, Temperature, Menstrual Cycle, Periodicity, Sex Characteristics, Wearable Electronic Devices
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Females have been historically excluded from biomedical research due in part to the documented presumption that results with male subjects will generalize effectively to females. This has been justified in part by the assumption that ovarian rhythms will increase the overall variance of pooled random samples. But not all variance in samples is random. Human biometrics are continuously changing in response to stimuli and biological rhythms; single measurements taken sporadically do not easily support exploration of variance across time scales. Recently we reported that in mice, core body temperature measured longitudinally shows higher variance in males than cycling females, both within and across individuals at multiple time scales. METHODS: Here, we explore longitudinal human distal body temperature, measured by a wearable sensor device (Oura Ring), for 6 months in females and males ranging in age from 20 to 79 years. In this study, we did not limit the comparisons to female versus male, but instead we developed a method for categorizing individuals as cyclic or acyclic depending on the presence of a roughly monthly pattern to their nightly temperature. We then compared structure and variance across time scales using multiple standard instruments. RESULTS: Sex differences exist as expected, but across multiple statistical comparisons and timescales, there was no one group that consistently exceeded the others in variance. When variability was assessed across time, females, whether or not their temperature contained monthly cycles, did not significantly differ from males both on daily and monthly time scales. CONCLUSIONS: These findings contradict the viewpoint that human females are too variable across menstrual cycles to include in biomedical research. Longitudinal temperature of females does not accumulate greater measurement error over time than do males and the majority of unexplained variance is within sex category, not between them.
Published: 2023

3. Alliance A071401: Phase II Trial of Focal Adhesion Kinase Inhibition in Meningiomas With Somatic NF2 Mutations.

Author: Monga, Varun, Fadul, Camilo, Schiff, David, Taylor, Jennie, Chowdhary, Sajeel, Bettegowda, Chetan, Ansstas, George, De La Fuente, Macarena, Anderson, Mark, Shonka, Nicole, Damek, Denise, Carrillo, Jose, Kunschner-Ronan, Lara, Chaudhary, Rekha, Jaeckle, Kurt, Senecal, Francis, Kaley, Thomas, Morrison, Tara, Thomas, Alissa, Welch, Mary, Iwamoto, Fabio, Cachia, David, Cohen, Adam, Vora, Shivangi, Knopp, Michael, Dunn, Ian, Kumthekar, Priya, Sarkaria, Jann, Geyer, Susan, Carrero, Xiomara, Martinez-Lage, Maria, Cahill, Daniel, Brown, Paul, Giannini, Caterina, Santagata, Sandro, Barker, Frederick, Galanis, Evanthia, Brastianos, Priscilla, Twohy, Erin, Gerstner, Elizabeth, Kaufmann, Timothy, Iafrate, A, Lennerz, Jochen, Jeyapalan, Suriya, and Piccioni, David
Subjects: Humans, Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, Meningeal Neoplasms, Meningioma, Mutation, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
Abstract: PURPOSE: Patients with progressive or recurrent meningiomas have limited systemic therapy options. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibition has a synthetic lethal relationship with NF2 loss. Given the predominance of NF2 mutations in meningiomas, we evaluated the efficacy of GSK2256098, a FAK inhibitor, as part of the first genomically driven phase II study in recurrent or progressive grade 1-3 meningiomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eligible patients whose tumors screened positively for NF2 mutations were treated with GSK2256098, 750 mg orally twice daily, until progressive disease. Efficacy was evaluated using two coprimary end points: progression-free survival at 6 months (PFS6) and response rate by Macdonald criteria, where PFS6 was evaluated separately within grade-based subgroups: grade 1 versus 2/3 meningiomas. Per study design, the FAK inhibitor would be considered promising in this patient population if either end point met the corresponding decision criteria for efficacy. RESULTS: Of 322 patients screened for all mutation cohorts of the study, 36 eligible and evaluable patients with NF2 mutations were enrolled and treated: 12 grade 1 and 24 grade 2/3 patients. Across all grades, one patient had a partial response and 24 had stable disease as their best response to treatment. In grade 1 patients, the observed PFS6 rate was 83% (10/12 patients; 95% CI, 52 to 98). In grade 2/3 patients, the observed PFS6 rate was 33% (8/24 patients; 95% CI, 16 to 55). The study met the PFS6 efficacy end point both for the grade 1 and the grade 2/3 cohorts. Treatment was well tolerated; seven patients had a maximum grade 3 adverse event that was at least possibly related to treatment with no grade 4 or 5 events. CONCLUSION: GSK2256098 was well tolerated and resulted in an improved PFS6 rate in patients with recurrent or progressive NF2-mutated meningiomas, compared with historical controls. The criteria for promising activity were met, and FAK inhibition warrants further evaluation for this patient population.
Published: 2023

4. Detection of COVID-19 using multimodal data from a wearable device: results from the first TemPredict Study

Author: Mason, Ashley E, Hecht, Frederick M, Davis, Shakti K, Natale, Joseph L, Hartogensis, Wendy, Damaso, Natalie, Claypool, Kajal T, Dilchert, Stephan, Dasgupta, Subhasis, Purawat, Shweta, Viswanath, Varun K, Klein, Amit, Chowdhary, Anoushka, Fisher, Sarah M, Anglo, Claudine, Puldon, Karena Y, Veasna, Danou, Prather, Jenifer G, Pandya, Leena S, Fox, Lindsey M, Busch, Michael, Giordano, Casey, Mercado, Brittany K, Song, Jining, Jaimes, Rafael, Baum, Brian S, Telfer, Brian A, Philipson, Casandra W, Collins, Paula P, Rao, Adam A, Wang, Edward J, Bandi, Rachel H, Choe, Bianca J, Epel, Elissa S, Epstein, Stephen K, Krasnoff, Joanne B, Lee, Marco B, Lee, Shi-Wen, Lopez, Gina M, Mehta, Arpan, Melville, Laura D, Moon, Tiffany S, Mujica-Parodi, Lilianne R, Noel, Kimberly M, Orosco, Michael A, Rideout, Jesse M, Robishaw, Janet D, Rodriguez, Robert M, Shah, Kaushal H, Siegal, Jonathan H, Gupta, Amarnath, Altintas, Ilkay, and Smarr, Benjamin L
Subjects: Prevention, Clinical Research, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Algorithms, Body Temperature, COVID-19, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, SARS-CoV-2, Wearable Electronic Devices, Young Adult
Abstract: Early detection of diseases such as COVID-19 could be a critical tool in reducing disease transmission by helping individuals recognize when they should self-isolate, seek testing, and obtain early medical intervention. Consumer wearable devices that continuously measure physiological metrics hold promise as tools for early illness detection. We gathered daily questionnaire data and physiological data using a consumer wearable (Oura Ring) from 63,153 participants, of whom 704 self-reported possible COVID-19 disease. We selected 73 of these 704 participants with reliable confirmation of COVID-19 by PCR testing and high-quality physiological data for algorithm training to identify onset of COVID-19 using machine learning classification. The algorithm identified COVID-19 an average of 2.75 days before participants sought diagnostic testing with a sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 63%. The receiving operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) was 0.819 (95% CI [0.809, 0.830]). Including continuous temperature yielded an AUC 4.9% higher than without this feature. For further validation, we obtained SARS CoV-2 antibody in a subset of participants and identified 10 additional participants who self-reported COVID-19 disease with antibody confirmation. The algorithm had an overall ROC AUC of 0.819 (95% CI [0.809, 0.830]), with a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 80% in these additional participants. Finally, we observed substantial variation in accuracy based on age and biological sex. Findings highlight the importance of including temperature assessment, using continuous physiological features for alignment, and including diverse populations in algorithm development to optimize accuracy in COVID-19 detection from wearables.
Published: 2022

5. Vaping and cardiac disease

Author: Shahandeh, Negeen, Chowdhary, Harshika, and Middlekauff, Holly R
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology, Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular, Lung, Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems, Clinical Research, Drug Abuse (NIDA only), Women's Health, Heart Disease, Tobacco Smoke and Health, Prevention, Substance Misuse, Tobacco, 3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing, Respiratory, Cancer, Good Health and Well Being, Behavior Therapy, Heart Diseases, Humans, Risk Factors, Smoking Cessation, Vaping, smoking, atherosclerosis, inflammation, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology, Clinical sciences
Abstract: Tobacco cigarette smoking is the most prevalent reversible risk factor for cardiovascular disease in the USA. Electronic cigarettes, invented as an alternative nicotine source for smokers unable or unwilling to stop smoking, have gained skyrocketing popularity, but their cardiovascular risk remains uncertain. Although data recently analysed in a Cochran report do support their superior effectiveness to other forms of nicotine replacement therapies for smoking cessation, electronic cigarettes are also frequently used by non-smokers-especially high school students. There are no long-term outcome studies on the cardiovascular risk of vaping electronic cigarettes, but the effects of electronic cigarettes on known risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including neurohumoural activation, oxidative stress and inflammation, endothelial function and thrombosis, have been studied. In this review, we summarise evidence in humans that supports the notion that while electronic cigarettes may be less harmful than traditional cigarettes, they are not harmless. Additionally, the increasing popularity of vaping marijuana with its unknown cardiovascular risks as well as the outbreak in 2019 of EVALI (electronic cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury) related to bootlegged vaping products raise further concerns. Before physicians can confidently advise their smoking patients about the role of electronic cigarettes as a means of smoking cessation to lower cardiovascular risk, improved regulation and quality control is necessary.
Published: 2021

6. Modified RANO, Immunotherapy RANO, and Standard RANO Response to Convection-Enhanced Delivery of IL4R-Targeted Immunotoxin MDNA55 in Recurrent Glioblastoma

Author: Ellingson, Benjamin M, Sampson, John, Achrol, Achal Singh, Aghi, Manish K, Bankiewicz, Krystof, Wang, Chencai, Bexon, Martin, Brem, Steven, Brenner, Andrew, Chowdhary, Sajeel, Floyd, John R, Han, Seunggu, Kesari, Santosh, Randazzo, Dina, Vogelbaum, Michael A, Vrionis, Frank, Zabek, Miroslaw, Butowski, Nicholas, Coello, Melissa, Merchant, Nina, and Merchant, Fahar
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Immunization, Rare Diseases, Cancer, Adult, Aged, Disease-Free Survival, Female, Glioblastoma, Humans, Immunotherapy, Immunotoxins, Interleukin-4 Receptor alpha Subunit, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Nervous System Neoplasms, Prospective Studies, Survival Rate, Treatment Outcome, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Clinical sciences, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract: PurposeThe current study compared the standard response assessment in neuro-oncology (RANO), immunotherapy RANO (iRANO), and modified RANO (mRANO) criteria as well as quantified the association between progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in an immunotherapy trial in recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM).Patients and methodsA total of 47 patients with rGBM were enrolled in a prospective phase II convection-enhanced delivery of an IL4R-targeted immunotoxin (MDNA55-05, NCT02858895). Bidirectional tumor measurements were created by local sites and centrally by an independent radiologic faculty, then standard RANO, iRANO, and mRANO criteria were applied.ResultsA total of 41 of 47 patients (mean age 56 ± 11.7) were evaluable for response. PFS was significantly shorter using standard RANO compared with iRANO (log-rank, P < 0.0001; HR = 0.3) and mRANO (P < 0.0001; HR = 0.3). In patients who died and had confirmed progression on standard RANO, no correlation was observed between PFS and OS (local, P = 0.47; central, P = 0.34). Using iRANO, a weak association was observed between confirmed PFS and OS via local site measurements (P = 0.017), but not central measurements (P = 0.18). A total of 24 of 41 patients (59%) were censored using iRANO and because they lacked confirmation of progression 3 months after initial progression. A strong correlation was observed between mRANO PFS and OS for both local (R2 = 0.66, P < 0.0001) and centrally determined reads (R2 = 0.57, P = 0.0007).ConclusionsNo correlation between radiographic PFS and OS was observed for standard RANO or iRANO, but a correlation was observed between PFS and OS using the mRANO criteria. Also, the iRANO criteria was difficult to implement due to need to confirm progression 3 months after initial progression, censoring more than half the patients.
Published: 2021

7. Feasibility of continuous fever monitoring using wearable devices.

Author: Smarr, Benjamin L, Aschbacher, Kirstin, Fisher, Sarah M, Chowdhary, Anoushka, Dilchert, Stephan, Puldon, Karena, Rao, Adam, Hecht, Frederick M, and Mason, Ashley E
Subjects: Humans, Fever, Monitoring, Physiologic, Feasibility Studies, Telemedicine, Adult, Aged, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Young Adult, Self Report, Thermometry, Wearable Electronic Devices, COVID-19, Monitoring, Physiologic
Abstract: Elevated core temperature constitutes an important biomarker for COVID-19 infection; however, no standards currently exist to monitor fever using wearable peripheral temperature sensors. Evidence that sensors could be used to develop fever monitoring capabilities would enable large-scale health-monitoring research and provide high-temporal resolution data on fever responses across heterogeneous populations. We launched the TemPredict study in March of 2020 to capture continuous physiological data, including peripheral temperature, from a commercially available wearable device during the novel coronavirus pandemic. We coupled these data with symptom reports and COVID-19 diagnosis data. Here we report findings from the first 50 subjects who reported COVID-19 infections. These cases provide the first evidence that illness-associated elevations in peripheral temperature are observable using wearable devices and correlate with self-reported fever. Our analyses support the hypothesis that wearable sensors can detect illnesses in the absence of symptom recognition. Finally, these data support the hypothesis that prediction of illness onset is possible using continuously generated physiological data collected by wearable sensors. Our findings should encourage further research into the role of wearable sensors in public health efforts aimed at illness detection, and underscore the importance of integrating temperature sensors into commercially available wearables.
Published: 2020

8. World‐Wide FINGERS Network: A global approach to risk reduction and prevention of dementia

Author: Kivipelto, Miia, Mangialasche, Francesca, Snyder, Heather M, Allegri, Ricardo, Andrieu, Sandrine, Arai, Hidenori, Baker, Laura, Belleville, Sylvie, Brodaty, Henry, Brucki, Sonia M, Calandri, Ismael, Caramelli, Paulo, Chen, Christopher, Chertkow, Howard, Chew, Effie, Choi, Seong H, Chowdhary, Neerja, Crivelli, Lucía, De La Torre, Rafael, Du, Yifeng, Dua, Tarun, Espeland, Mark, Feldman, Howard H, Hartmanis, Maris, Hartmann, Tobias, Heffernan, Megan, Henry, Christiani J, Hong, Chang H, Håkansson, Krister, Iwatsubo, Takeshi, Jeong, Jee H, Jimenez‐Maggiora, Gustavo, Koo, Edward H, Launer, Lenore J, Lehtisalo, Jenni, Lopera, Francisco, Martínez‐Lage, Pablo, Martins, Ralph, Middleton, Lefkos, Molinuevo, José L, Montero‐Odasso, Manuel, Moon, So Y, Morales‐Pérez, Kristal, Nitrini, Ricardo, Nygaard, Haakon B, Park, Yoo K, Peltonen, Markku, Qiu, Chengxuan, Quiroz, Yakeel T, Raman, Rema, Rao, Naren, Ravindranath, Vijayalakshmi, Rosenberg, Anna, Sakurai, Takashi, Salinas, Rosa M, Scheltens, Philip, Sevlever, Gustavo, Soininen, Hilkka, Sosa, Ana L, Suemoto, Claudia K, Tainta‐Cuezva, Mikel, Velilla, Lina, Wang, Yongxiang, Whitmer, Rachel, Xu, Xin, Bain, Lisa J, Solomon, Alina, Ngandu, Tiia, and Carrillo, Maria C
Subjects: Dementia, Clinical Research, Neurosciences, Behavioral and Social Science, Aging, Prevention, Alzheimer's Disease, Neurodegenerative, Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD), Brain Disorders, Acquired Cognitive Impairment, 3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing, Prevention of disease and conditions, and promotion of well-being, Neurological, Alzheimer Disease, Clinical Trials as Topic, Cognition, Exercise Therapy, Humans, Life Style, Research Design, Risk Reduction Behavior, Alzheimer's disease, cognitive impairment, dementia, lifestyle, multidomain intervention, prevention, randomized controlled trial, World-Wide FINGERS, Clinical Sciences, Geriatrics
Abstract: Reducing the risk of dementia can halt the worldwide increase of affected people. The multifactorial and heterogeneous nature of late-onset dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), indicates a potential impact of multidomain lifestyle interventions on risk reduction. The positive results of the landmark multidomain Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) support such an approach. The World-Wide FINGERS (WW-FINGERS), launched in 2017 and including over 25 countries, is the first global network of multidomain lifestyle intervention trials for dementia risk reduction and prevention. WW-FINGERS aims to adapt, test, and optimize the FINGER model to reduce risk across the spectrum of cognitive decline-from at-risk asymptomatic states to early symptomatic stages-in different geographical, cultural, and economic settings. WW-FINGERS aims to harmonize and adapt multidomain interventions across various countries and settings, to facilitate data sharing and analysis across studies, and to promote international joint initiatives to identify globally implementable and effective preventive strategies.
Published: 2020

9. Ipilimumab plus nivolumab for patients with metastatic uveal melanoma: a multicenter, retrospective study

Author: Najjar, Yana G, Navrazhina, Kristina, Ding, Fei, Bhatia, Roma, Tsai, Katy, Abbate, Kelly, Durden, Barbara, Eroglu, Zeynep, Bhatia, Shailender, Park, Song, Chowdhary, Akansha, Chandra, Sunandana, Kennedy, Jonathan, Puzanov, Igor, Ernstoff, Marc, Vachhani, Pankit, Drabick, Joseph, Singh, Arun, Xu, Tan, Yang, Jessica, Carvajal, Richard, Manson, Daniel, Kirkwood, John M, Cohen, Justine, Sullivan, Ryan, Johnson, Douglas, Funchain, Pauline, and Shoushtari, Alexander
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Immunology, Precision Medicine, Eye Disease and Disorders of Vision, Clinical Research, Minority Health, Immunotherapy, Health Disparities, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Cancer, Rare Diseases, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Diarrhea, Fatigue, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, Ipilimumab, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Male, Melanoma, Middle Aged, Nivolumab, Progression-Free Survival, Pruritus, Retrospective Studies, Transaminases, Uveal Neoplasms, Young Adult, oncology, melanoma, immunotherapy, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract: BackgroundUveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular malignancy in adults. In contrast to cutaneous melanoma (CM), there is no standard therapy, and the efficacy and safety of dual checkpoint blockade with nivolumab and ipilimumab is not well defined.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with metastatic UM (mUM) who received treatment with ipilimumab plus nivolumab across 14 academic medical centers. Toxicity was graded using National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events V.5.0. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated using Kaplan-Meier methodology.Results89 eligible patients were identified. 45% had received prior therapy, which included liver directed therapy (29%), immunotherapy (21%), targeted therapy (10%) and radiation (16%). Patients received a median 3 cycles of ipilimumab plus nivolumab. The median follow-up time was 9.2 months. Overall response rate was 11.6%. One patient achieved complete response (1%), 9 patients had partial response (10%), 21 patients had stable disease (24%) and 55 patients had progressive disease (62%). Median OS from treatment initiation was 15 months and median PFS was 2.7 months. Overall, 82 (92%) of patients discontinued treatment, 34 due to toxicity and 27 due to progressive disease. Common immune-related adverse events were colitis/diarrhea (32%), fatigue (23%), rash (21%) and transaminitis (21%).ConclusionsDual checkpoint inhibition yielded higher response rates than previous reports of single-agent immunotherapy in patients with mUM, but the efficacy is lower than in metastatic CM. The median OS of 15 months suggests that the rate of clinical benefit may be larger than the modest response rate.
Published: 2020

10. Glioma risk associated with extent of estimated European genetic ancestry in African Americans and Hispanics

Author: Ostrom, Quinn T, Egan, Kathleen M, Nabors, L Burt, Gerke, Travis, Thompson, Reid C, Olson, Jeffrey J, LaRocca, Renato, Chowdhary, Sajeel, Eckel‐Passow, Jeanette E, Armstrong, Georgina, Wiencke, John K, Bernstein, Jonine L, Claus, Elizabeth B, Il'yasova, Dora, Johansen, Christoffer, Lachance, Daniel H, Lai, Rose K, Merrell, Ryan T, Olson, Sara H, Sadetzki, Siegal, Schildkraut, Joellen M, Shete, Sanjay, Houlston, Richard S, Jenkins, Robert B, Wrensch, Margaret R, Melin, Beatrice, Amos, Christopher I, Huse, Jason T, Barnholtz‐Sloan, Jill S, and Bondy, Melissa L
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Human Genome, Neurosciences, Rare Diseases, Brain Disorders, Genetics, Black or African American, Case-Control Studies, Female, Genetic Association Studies, Genetic Loci, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genotype, Glioma, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Risk, White People, glioma, genetic epidemiology, genetic ancestry, genome-wide association study, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract: Glioma incidence is highest in non-Hispanic Whites, and to date, glioma genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to date have only included European ancestry (EA) populations. African Americans and Hispanics in the US have varying proportions of EA, African (AA) and Native American ancestries (NAA). It is unknown if identified GWAS loci or increased EA is associated with increased glioma risk. We assessed whether EA was associated with glioma in African Americans and Hispanics. Data were obtained for 832 cases and 675 controls from the Glioma International Case-Control Study and GliomaSE Case-Control Study previously estimated to have
Published: 2020

11. Oncogenic microRNA-4534 regulates PTEN pathway in prostate cancer

Author: Nip, Hannah, Dar, Altaf A, Saini, Sharanjot, Colden, Melissa, Varahram, Shahryari, Chowdhary, Harshika, Yamamura, Soichiro, Mitsui, Yozo, Tanaka, Yuichiro, Kato, Taku, Hashimoto, Yutaka, Shiina, Marisa, Kulkarni, Priyanka, Dasgupta, Pritha, Imai-sumida, Mitsuho, Tabatabai, Z Laura, Greene, Kirsten, Deng, Guoren, Dahiya, Rajvir, and Majid, Shahana
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Aging, Biotechnology, Prostate Cancer, Urologic Diseases, Cancer, Genetics, Detection, screening and diagnosis, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, 4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies, Aetiology, 3' Untranslated Regions, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Animals, Apoptosis, Cell Line, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Movement, DNA Methylation, G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Gene Knockdown Techniques, Humans, Male, Mice, Nude, MicroRNAs, Middle Aged, PTEN Phosphohydrolase, Prostatic Neoplasms, Signal Transduction, Transplantation, Heterologous, microRNA, prostate cancer, oncogene, PTEN, miR-4534, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract: Prostate carcinogenesis involves alterations in several signaling pathways, the most prominent being the PI3K/AKT pathway. This pathway is constitutively active and drives prostate cancer (PCa) progression to advanced metastatic disease. PTEN, a critical tumor and metastasis suppressor gene negatively regulates cell survival, proliferation, migration and angiogenesis via the PI3K/Akt pathway. PTEN is mutated, downregulated/dysfunctional in many cancers and its dysregulation correlates with poor prognosis in PCa. Here, we demonstrate that microRNA-4534 (miR-4534) is overexpressed in PCa and show that miR-4534 is hypermethylated in normal tissues and cell lines compared to PCa tissues/cells. miR-4534 exerts its oncogenic effects partly by downregulating the tumor suppressor PTEN gene. Knockdown of miR-4534 impaired cell proliferation, migration/invasion and induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in PCa. Suppression of miR-4534 and its effects on tumor growth was confirmed in a xenograft mouse model. We performed parallel experiments in non-cancer RWPE1 cells by overexpessing miR-4534 followed by functional assays. Overexpression of miR-4534 induced pro-cancerous characteristics in this non-cancer cell line. Statistical analyses revealed that miR-4534 has potential to independently distinguish malignant from normal tissues and positively correlated with poor overall and PSA recurrence free survival. Taken together, our results show that depletion of miR-4534 in PCa induces a tumor suppressor phenotype partly through induction of PTEN. These results have important implications for identifying and defining the role of new PTEN regulators such as microRNAs in prostate tumorigenesis. Understanding aberrantly overexpressed miR-4534 and its downregulation of PTEN will provide mechanistic insight and therapeutic targets for PCa therapy.
Published: 2016

12. Multicenter Study of Isavuconazole MIC Distributions and Epidemiological Cutoff Values for the Cryptococcus neoformans-Cryptococcus gattii Species Complex Using the CLSI M27-A3 Broth Microdilution Method

Author: Espinel-Ingroff, A, Chowdhary, A, Gonzalez, GM, Guinea, J, Hagen, F, Meis, JF, Thompson, GR, and Turnidge, J
Subjects: Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research, Genetics, Antifungal Agents, Cryptococcosis, Cryptococcus gattii, Cryptococcus neoformans, Genotype, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Nitriles, Pyridines, Triazoles, Medical Microbiology, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical microbiology, Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences
Abstract: Epidemiological cutoff values (ECVs) of isavuconazole are not available for Cryptococcus spp. The isavuconazole ECVs based on wild-type (WT) MIC distributions for 438 Cryptococcus neoformans nongenotyped isolates, 870 isolates of genotype VNI, and 406 Cryptococcus gattii isolates from six laboratories and different geographical areas were 0.06, 0.12, and 0.25 μg/ml, respectively. These ECVs may aid in detecting non-WT isolates with reduced susceptibilities to isavuconazole.
Published: 2015

13. Dynamics of Mammalian Chromosome Evolution Inferred from Multispecies Comparative Maps

Author: Murphy, William J., Larkin, Denis M., Bourque, Guillaume, Tesler, Glenn, Auvil, Loretta, Beever, Jonathan E., Chowdhary, Bhanu P., Galibert, Francis, Gatzke, Lisa, Hitte, Christophe, Meyers, Stacey N., Milan, Denis, Ostrander, Elaine A., Pape, Greg, Parker, Heidi G., Raudsepp, Terje, Rogatcheva, Margarita B., Schook, Lawrence B., Skow, Loren C., Welge, Michael, Womack, James E., O'Brien, Stephen J., Pevzner, Pavel A., and Lewin, Harris A.
Published: 2005

14. A Detailed Physical Map of the Horse Y Chromosome

Author: Raudsepp, Terje, Santani, Avni, Wallner, Barbara, Kata, Srinivas R., Ren, Chengwei, Zhang, Hong-Bin, Womack, James E., Skow, Loren C., and Chowdhary, Bhanu P.
Published: 2004

15. Exceptional Conservation of Horse-Human Gene Order on X Chromosome Revealed by High-Resolution Radiation Hybrid Mapping

Author: Raudsepp, Terje, Lee, Eun-Joon, Kata, Srinivas R., Brinkmeyer, Candice, Mickelson, James R., Skow, Loren C., Womack, James E., and Chowdhary, Bhanu P.
Published: 2004

16. Preterm Infant with Persistent Hypercalcemia in the Absence of Cutaneous Nodules

Author: Alyssa R, Walden, Amy, Rowell, Vikas, Chowdhary, Brendan, Crawford, and Ankita, Shukla
Subjects: Skin Neoplasms, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Infant, Newborn, Hypercalcemia, Infant, Humans, Infant, Premature, Infant, Newborn, Diseases
Published: 2022
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17. Resonance Frequency Analysis to Evaluate the Effect of Different Drilling Techniques on Implant Stability at Different Time Intervals: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Author: Greeshma, Sunny, Sunil K, Mishra, and Ramesh, Chowdhary
Subjects: Dental Implants, Dental Implantation, Endosseous, Resonance Frequency Analysis, Humans, General Medicine, Oral Surgery, Osteotomy
Abstract: To evaluate the effect of different drilling techniques on implant stability at different time intervals.Patients were randomly allotted into three groups based on drilling technique for osteotomy: conventional drilling technique; simplified drilling technique; or modified conventional drilling technique. In 30 patients (n = 10 each group), a total of 44 implants were placed. In the conventional drilling technique, drills with increasing diameters were used. In the simplified drilling technique, only pilot and final-diameter drills were used. In the modified conventional drilling technique, all the drills were used in sequential order in the clockwise direction except the last drill, which was used in the counterclockwise direction. Implant stability quotient was recorded immediately after placing implants and at 1 and 3 months. Statistical analysis was performed with two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student t test.Two-way ANOVA showed that drilling technique (P.001) and time (P = .002) did have a statistically significant effect on implant stability quotient. The modified conventional drilling technique showed a drop in secondary implant stability at 1 month that was negligible compared to the other techniques. After 1 month, there was a significant increase in implant stability quotient with the modified conventional drilling technique compared to the conventional drilling technique (P = .001). The least crestal bone loss during 3 months of follow-up was with the modified conventional drilling technique (0.37 ± 0.06).Secondary stability increased with the modified conventional drilling technique in 3 months and showed a negligible drop at 1 month. This novel drilling technique had an early shift from a decrease to an increase in stability pattern, along with the least crestal bone loss at 3 months.
Published: 2022
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18. Immunotherapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after progression on chemotherapy: real-world results from a prospective institutional cohort

Author: Ullas Batra, Kundan Singh Chufal, Shrinidhi Nathany, Irfan Ahmad, Rahul Lal Chowdhary, Mansi Sharma, Praveen Jain, and Munish Gairola
Subjects: Lung Neoplasms, Oncology, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Immunology, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Immunotherapy, Prospective Studies, Progression-Free Survival, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: Objective: To analyze the outcomes of patients receiving immunotherapy (IO) with advanced non-driver mutated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after progression on systemic treatment. Methods: The overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and best response to IO of 64 patients who met our inclusion criteria were analyzed. Results: Median follow-up, OS and PFS were 35.9, 7.1 and 3.2 months, respectively. On uni- and multi-variable analysis, better ECOG PS and fewer extra-thoracic metastases were associated with prolonged OS and PFS. Response to IO was associated with prolonged OS, while thoracic radiotherapy and isolated CNS involvement were associated with prolonged PFS. ECOG PS, thoracic radiotherapy and PDL1 status significantly influenced the likelihood of response to IO. Overall, 30% patients experienced any grade toxicity. Conclusion: Our results are concordant with reported trial outcomes and support the application of IO in Indian patients.
Published: 2022
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19. From Beaming Cancer to Beaming Parent: Paternity Leave Experiences in Radiation Oncology

Author: Osman Muddassir Siddiqui, Bansi Savla, Mudit Chowdhary, Sarah McAvoy, and Mark Mishra
Subjects: Adult, Male, Parents, Cancer Research, Radiation, Internship and Residency, United States, Parental Leave, Oncology, Neoplasms, Surveys and Questionnaires, Quality of Life, Radiation Oncology, Humans, Female, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging
Abstract: Although supported by most men and women, paternity leave is heavily underused across industries owing in part to external pressures and inconsistent availability. The goal of this study was to assess the use of paternity leave in radiation oncology (RO) practices and identify any associated barriers.A 36-item survey was distributed via e-mail to 536 male domestic RO attending and resident physicians. Questions assessed paternity leave policies, use, and departmental support. Data were collected using Research Electronic Data Capture from January to February 2021. Descriptive statistics were obtained for analysis, and logistic regression was performed to analyze the association between practice type and presence of policy.The survey response rate was 20% (n = 108), with 98% of participants completing all applicable questions. Respondents included 63 attending physicians (58%) and 45 resident physicians (42%). The median age of all respondents was 35 years. Among all participants, 51 (47%) stated their practice had a formal paternity leave policy. The median time allowed for leave was 4 weeks (range, 0.5 weeks to unlimited), whereas the median time taken was 2 weeks (range, 0.5-12 weeks). Sixteen men felt pressure to take less leave than what was allowed by their policy, and 46% of men stated that in retrospect, they would have taken more time off for paternity leave.To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the use of paternity leave in RO practices in the United States. Integrating expanded family leave policies, including specifically allowing for paternity leave and accompanying these policies with cultural changes acknowledging the importance of family leave, would be beneficial to improving quality of life and work-life balance for parents.
Published: 2022
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20. Evaluation of Caries Removal Efficacy Using BRIX 3000 and Atraumatic Restorative Treatment in Primary Molars: A Clinical Comparative Study

Author: Nisha, Gupta, Nagalakshmi, Chowdhary, Vundela R, Reddy, Kiran, Nk, Ravigna, Peddi, and Mahesh, Kumar
Subjects: Dental Caries Susceptibility, Dental Atraumatic Restorative Treatment, Dentin, Humans, Dental Caries, Child, Dental Care, Dental Cavity Preparation, Molar, General Dentistry
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to compare and evaluate the efficacy of two minimally invasive methods in the removal of infected carious dentin in primary molars.Eighty primary molars with class I occlusal caries involving dentin were selected and allocated to either of the two groups using convenient sampling. Group A (The results indicated that BRIX 3000 was effective in the removal of caries from primary molars with a significant difference. While there was no statistically significant difference seen in pain perception on caries excavation using both the methods. Although, a mild discomfort was noted in Group B.Comparing the two minimally invasive techniques, the new chemomechanical solution (BRIX 3000) was an effective method for the removal of caries from primary molars. So, it can be considered an alternative to the conventional caries removal method in treating pediatric dental patients.BRIX 3000 gel is effective in the removal of caries in children who are anxious and apprehensive as it is a noninvasive method of treatment in the pediatric age group.
Published: 2022
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21. Investing in late-stage clinical trials and manufacturing of product candidates for five major infectious diseases: a modelling study of the benefits and costs of investment in three middle-income countries

Author: Marco, Schäferhoff, Armand, Zimmerman, Mohamed M, Diab, Wenhui, Mao, Vipul, Chowdhary, Davinder, Gill, Robert, Karanja, Mziwandile, Madikizela, Osondu, Ogbuoji, and Gavin, Yamey
Subjects: Clinical Trials as Topic, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Humans, India, General Medicine, Investments, Communicable Diseases, Developing Countries
Abstract: Investing in late-stage clinical trials, trial sites, and production capacity for new health products could improve access to vaccines, therapeutics, and infectious disease diagnostics in middle-income countries. This study assesses the case for such investment in three of these countries: India, Kenya, and South Africa.We applied investment case modelling and assessed how many cases, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) could be averted from the development and manufacturing of new technologies (therapeutics and vaccines) in these countries from 2021 to 2036, for five diseases-HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, pneumonia, and diarrhoeal diseases. We also estimated the economic benefits that might accrue from making these investments and we developed benefit-cost ratios for each of the three middle-income countries. Our modelling applies two investment case perspectives: a societal perspective with all costs and benefits measured at the societal level, and a country perspective to estimate how much health and economic benefit accrues to each middle-income country for every dollar invested in clinical trials and manufacturing by the middle-income country government. For each perspective, we modelled two scenarios: one that considers only domestic health and economic benefits; and one that includes regional health and economic benefits. In the regional scenarios, we assumed that new products developed and manufactured in India would benefit eight countries in south Asia, whereas new products developed and manufactured in Kenya would benefit all 21 countries in the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA). We also assumed that all 16 countries in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) would benefit from products developed and manufactured in South Africa.From 2021 to 2036, product development and manufacturing in Kenya could avert 4·44 million deaths and 206·27 million DALYs in the COMESA region. In South Africa, it could prevent 5·19 million deaths and 253·83 million DALYs in the SADC region. In India, it could avert 9·76 million deaths and 374·42 million DALYs in south Asia. Economic returns would be especially high if new tools were produced for regional markets rather than for domestic markets only. Under a societal perspective, regional returns outweigh investments by a factor of 20·51 in Kenya, 33·27 in South Africa, and 66·56 in India. Under a country perspective, the regional benefit-cost ratios amount to 60·71 in India, 8·78 in Kenya, and 11·88 in South Africa.Our study supports the creation of regional hubs for clinical trials and product manufacturing compared with narrow national efforts.BillMelinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2022
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22. Intraluminal supraglottic lesion presenting with stridor: an unlikely pathology

Author: Arun Alexander and Stuti Chowdhary
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Images In…, Stridor, 030105 genetics & heredity, Nose, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Outpatient clinic, Medicine, Humans, Exertion, Inspiratory stridor, Respiratory Sounds, Supraglottic lesion, business.industry, Otolaryngology/ENT, General Medicine, respiratory system, Dysphagia, Anesthesia, Pharynx, Indirect laryngoscopy, medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: A 37-year-old man presented to the ENT outpatient clinic with progressive dysphagia and breathlessness on exertion for a year. The patient was tachypnoeic, with mild inspiratory stridor and orthopnoea. The neck had a generalised swelling, but no mass was clinically palpable. Indirect laryngoscopy
Published: 2023

23. Maternal cardiac changes in women with obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus

Author: Sharmaine Thirunavukarasu, Faiza Ansari, Richard Cubbon, Karen Forbes, Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci, David E. Newby, Marc R. Dweck, Oliver J. Rider, Ladislav Valkovič, Christopher T. Rodgers, Damian J. Tyler, Amrit Chowdhary, Nicholas Jex, Sindhoora Kotha, Lara Morley, Hui Xue, Peter Swoboda, Peter Kellman, John P. Greenwood, Sven Plein, Thomas Everett, Eleanor Scott, Eylem Levelt, Thirunavukarasu, Sharmaine [0000-0003-2535-8407], Levelt, Eylem [0000-0002-3799-7102], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Advanced and Specialized Nursing, Diabetes, Gestational, Adenosine Triphosphate, Pregnancy, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Pregnancy Trimester, Third, Internal Medicine, Humans, Female, Heart, Obesity
Abstract: Background- Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most prevalent metabolic disorder during pregnancy and is associated with increased risks of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in later life. Compromised cardiac energy production is an important contributor to most forms of heart disease. The changes in myocardial energetics in GDM have not been characterized previously. Objective- We investigated if women with GDM in the third trimester of pregnancy exhibit adverse cardiac alterations in myocardial energetics, function or tissue characteristics. Methods- Thirty-eight healthy pregnant (HP) women and thirty women with GDM were recruited. Participants underwent phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy and cardiovascular magnetic resonance for assessment of myocardial energetics (phosphocreatine to ATP ratio (PCr/ATP)), tissue characteristics, biventricular volumes and ejection fractions, left ventricular (LV) mass, global longitudinal shortening (GLS) and mitral in-flow E/A ratio. Results- Participants were matched for age, gestational age and ethnicity. The women with GDM had higher body-mass index (27±4 versus 33±5kg/m2; p=0.0001), systolic (115±11 versus 121±13mmHg; p=0.04) and diastolic (72±7 versus 76±9mmHg; p=0.04) blood pressure. There was no difference in NTproBNP concentrations between the groups. The women with GDM had lower myocardial PCr/ATP ratio (2.2±0.3 versus 1.9±0.4; p Conclusions- Despite no prior diagnosis of diabetes, women with obesity and GDM manifest impaired myocardial contractility and higher LV mass, associated with reductions in myocardial energetics in late pregnancy compared to lean women with healthy pregnancy. These findings may aid our understanding of the long-term cardiovascular risks associated with GDM.
Published: 2023
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24. An Unusual Cause of a Pulmonary Mass: Actinomycosis

Author: Pawan, Gupta, Vikas, Dogra, Nitin, Goel, Anuradha, Chowdhary, Rajendra, Prasad, and S N, Gaur
Subjects: Lung Diseases, Male, Humans, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Actinomycosis
Abstract: We present the case of a 62-year-old male with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and poorly controlled diabetes mellitus who presented with haemoptysis. A radiograph of the chest showed a right lower parahilar opacity which on the contrast enhanced computed tomography was seen to be an irregular, spiculated mass localised to the middle lobe. Considering malignancy as the most probable diagnosis, a bronchoscopic endobronchial biopsy was performed which surprisingly established pulmonary actinomycosis as the diagnosis. The patient was successfully managed with amoxicillin and clavulanic acid and glycaemic control.
Published: 2022
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25. Validation of the OAKS prognostic model for acute kidney injury after gastrointestinal surgery

Author: Ahmed, W. U. R., Bhatia, S., Mclean, K. A., Khaw, R., Baker, D., Kamarajah, S. K., Bell, S., Nepogodiev, D., Harrison, E. M., Glasbey, J. C., Borakati, A., Burke, J., Drake, T. M., Bath, M. F., Claireaux, H. A., Gundogan, B., Mohan, M., Deekonda, P., Kong, C., Joyce, H., Mcnamee, L., Woin, E., Khatri, C., Fitzgerald, J. E., Bhangu, A., Arulkumaran, N., Duthie, F., Hughes, J., Pinkney, T. D., Prowle, J., Richards, T., Thomas, M., Blanco-Colino, R., Chapman, S. J., Pata, F., Pellino, G., Sgr??, A., Soares, A., van Elst, T., Van Straten, S., Knowles, C. H., Dynes, K., Patel, M., Patel, P., Wigley, C., Suresh, R., Shaw, A., Klimach, S., Jull, P., Evans, D., Preece, R., Ibrahim, I., Manikavasagar, V., Smith, R., Brown, F. S., Teo, R., Sim, D. P. Y., Logan, A. E., Barai, I., Amin, H., Suresh, S., Sethi, R., Gul, W., Bolton, W., Corbridge, O., Horne, L., Attalla, M., Morley, R., Robinson, C., Hoskins, T., Mcallister, R., Lee, S., Dennis, Y., Nixon, G., Heywood, E., Wilson, H., Ng, L., Samaraweera, S., Mills, A., Doherty, C., Belchos, J., Phan, V., Lim, M., Miller, F. A., Chouari, T., Gardner, T., Goergen, N., Hayes, J. D. B., Macleod, C. S., Mccormack, R., Mckinley, A., Mckinstry, S., Milligan, W., Ooi, L., Rafiq, N. M., Sammut, T., Sinclair, E., Smith, M., Wong, J., Ablett, A. D., Tie-Gill, T., Ramsay, G., De Paola, L., Mcguckin, S., Alshakhs, A., Ahmeidat, A., Francis, A. A., Baker, C., Boulton, A. P. R., Collins, J., Copley, H. C., Fearnhead, N., Fox, H., Mah, T., Mckenna, J., Naruka, V., Nigam, N., Nourallah, B., Perera, S., Qureshi, A., Saggar, S., Sun, L., Wang, X., Yang, D. D., Ali, Z., Mullarkey, L., Walshe, R., Lewis, E., Berry, B., Moneim, J., Mookerjee, S., Al-hadithi, A., Caroll, P., Doyle, C., Elangovan, S., Falamarzi, A., Gascon Perai, K., Greenan, E., Jain, D., Lang-Orsini, M., Lim, S., O'Byrne, L., Ridgway, P., Van der Laan, S., Arthur, J., Barclay, J., Bradley, P., Edwin, C., Finch, E., Hayashi, E., Hopkins, M., Kelly, D., Kelly, M., Mccartan, N., Ormrod, A., Pakenham, A., Christy, S., Hayward, J., Hitchen, C., Kishore, A., Martins, T., Philomen, J., Rao, R., Rickards, C., Burns, N., Copeland, M., Durand, C., Dyal, A., Ghaffar, A., Gidwani, A., Grant, M., Gribbon, C., Gruhn, A., Leer, M., Ojofeitimi, O., Carroll, L., Hylands, A., Delaugere, L. P., Reveendran, D., Ahmad, K., Beattie, G., Beatty, M., Campbell, G., Donaldson, G., Graham, S., Holmes, D., Kanabar, S., Liu, H., Mccann, C., Stewart, R., Vara, S., Coulter, C., Ralston, C., Laverty, L., Gallagher, P., Ajibola-Taylor, O., Andah, E. J. E., Ani, C., Cabdi, N. M. O., Ito, G., Jones, M., Komoriyama, A., Titu, L., Ahmed, A., Yeo, Y. Q., Elliott, D., Bennett, J., Mcnamara, M., Sivarajah, S., Dunmore, C., Basra, M., Gallogly, P., Harinath, G., Leong, S. H., Pradhan, A., Siddiqui, I., Zaat, S., Ali, A., Galea, M., Looi, W. L., J. C. K., Ng, Farhan-Alanie, M. M. H., Aitken, G., Nair, M., Aly, M. H., Buari, M., Atkin, G., Azizi, A., Cargill, Z., China, Z., Elliot, J., Jebakumar, R., Lam, J., Mudalige, G., Onyerindu, C., Renju, M., Shankar Babu, V., Ahmed, K., Sheikh, Z., Monks, M., Lehmann, J., Rotimi, O., Hussain, M., Joji, N., Lovett, B., Mownah, H., Dwyer-Hemmings, L., Busuttil, A., Powell, J., Hensher, C., Vivian, F., Ali, B., Cresswell, B., Dhillon, A. K., Dupaguntla, Y. S., Hungwe, C., Lowe-Zinola, J. D., Tsang, J. C. H., Wcislo, K., Bevan, K., Cardus, C., Duggal, A., Hossain, S., Mchugh, M., Scott, M., Millar, Z., Hirosue, S., Ogunmwonyi, I., Nakakande, D., Chan, F., Evans, R., Gurung, E., Haughey, B., Jacob-Ramsdale, B., Kerr, M., Lee, J., Mccann, E., O'Boyle, K., Reid, N., Kwek, I., Gaze, H., Nirmalanantha, A., Bin Amran, M. A., Foulkes, A., Jones, N., Lau, I. S. F., Hayat, F., Hodgson, S., Johnston, R., Jones, W., Khan, M., Linn, T., Long, S., Seetharam, P., Shaman, S., Smart, B., Pillai, S., Khoury, G., Powell, T., Maleyko, I., Sangheli, A., Ransome, M., Isse, M., Aromolaran, O., Bholah, H., Anilkumar, A., Davies, J., Griffith, J., Hughes, B., Islam, Y., Kidanu, D., Mushaini, N., Qamar, I., Robinson, H., Schramm, M., Yan Tan, C., Murray, V., Theocharidou, L., Malik, T., Janmohamed, I., Carhart, B., Khan, A., Apperley, H., Billyard, C., Blazeby, J. M., Cannon, S. P., Carse, S., G??pfert, A., Loizidou, A., Parkin, J., Sanders, E., Sharma, S., Slade, G., Telfer, R., Whybrow Huppatz, I., Worley, E., Asif, A., Hullait, R., Quinn, P., Rylance, A., Butt, S., Leathes, J., Chandramoorthy, L., Friend, C., Harris, L., Jain, P., Karim, M. J., Killington, K., Mcgillicuddy, J., Rafferty, C., Rahunathan, N., Rayne, T., Varathan, Y., Verma, N., Zanichelli, D., Arneill, M., Brown, F., Campbell, B., Crozier, L., Henry, J., Mccusker, C., Prabakaran, P., Wilson, R., Karelia, S., Clements, J. M., Rainey, M., Asif, U., Connor, M., Dindyal, S., Math, N., Pagarkar, A., Saleem, H., Seth, I., Standfield, N., Swartbol, T., Adamson, R., Choi, J. E., El Tokhy, O., Ho, W., Javaid, N. R., Mehdi, A. S., Menon, D., Plumptre, I., Sturrock, S., Turner, J., Warren, O., Joshi, N., Rahman, A., Gallagher, M., Crane, E., Ferris, B., Gadsby, C., Smallwood, J., Vipond, M., Wilson, V., Amarnath, T., Doshi, A., Gregory, C., Kandiah, K., Powell, B., Spoor, H., Toh, C., Vizor, R., Rebuffa, N., Abdelgalil, R., Siaw Yen Lai, R., Smith, E., Common, M., Dunleavy, K., Harris, S., Luo, C., Mesbah, Z., Prem Kumar, A., Redmond, A., Skulsky, S., Walsh, T., Daly, D., Deery, L., Epanomeritakis, E., Harty, M., Kane, D., Khan, K., Mackey, R., Mcconville, J., Mcginnity, K., Wong, H. L., Ang, A., Kee, J. Y., Leung, E., Norman, S., Palaniappan, S. V., Partha Sarathy, P., Yeoh, T., Frost, J., Hazeldine, P., Jones, L., Karbowiak, M., Macdonald, C., Mutarambirwa, A., Omotade, A., Runkel, M., Ryan, G., Sawers, N., Searle, C., Vig, S., Hlukha, L., Pike, G., Kamel, F., Thakkar, R., Mcauliffe, O., Ahmad, A., Mcgartland, R., Sim, R., Song, A., Wayman, J., Brown, R., Chang, L. H., Concannon, K., Crilly, C., Arnold, T. J., Burgin, A., Cadden, F., Choy, C. H., Coleman, M., Lim, D., Luk, J., Mahankali-Rao, P., Prudence-Taylor, A. J., Ramakrishnan, D., Russell, J., Fawole, A., Gohil, J., Green, B., Hussain, A., Mcmenamin, L., Tang, M., Azmi, F., Benchetrit, S., Cope, T., Haque, A., Harlinska, A., Holdsworth, R., Ivo, T., Martin, J., Nisar, T., Patel, A., Sasapu, K., Trevett, J., Vernet, G., Aamir, A., Bird, C., Durham-Hall, A., Gibson, W., Hartley, J., May, N., Maynard, V., Goble, M., Downs, E., Wheldon, L., Baggus, E., Mandal, A., Nayeem, A., Ahmed, S., Fradley, W., Johnson, S., McDonald Wood, C., O'Brien, M., Orbell, J., Stringfellow, T. D., Tenters, F., Tresidder, S., Wilson, C., Gallagher, S., Criswell, T., Ward, J., Mukkavilli, A., Stubbs, B., Fordyce, W., Cheung, W., Grant, A., Tod, N., Yi Tew, Z., Suchdev, N., Wei Lim, S., Bews-Hair, M., Lim, Z. H., Lim, S. W., Vella-Baldacchino, M., Auckburally, S., Chopada, A., Easdon, S., Goodson, R., Mccurdie, F., Narouz, M., Radford, A., Rea, E., Taylor, O., Yu, T., Sookramanien, S. R., Chan, A., Bointas, G., Alfa-Wali, M., Amani, L., Auluck, I., Bruce, P., Emberton, J., Kumar, R., Lagzouli, N., Mehta, A., Murtaza, A., Raja, M., Dennahy, I. S., Frew, K., Given, A., Y. Y., He, Karim, M. A., Macdonald, E., Mcdonald, E., Mcvinnie, D., S. K., Ng, Pettit, A., Berthaume-Hawkins, S. D., Charnley, R., Fenton, K., Jones, D., Murphy, C., J. Q., Ng, Reehal, R., Seraj, S. S., Shang, E., Tonks, A., White, P., Yeo, A., Paul, M., Ward, K. L., Bagnall, M., Chong, P., Gabriel, R., Patel, N., Richardson, E., Symons, L., Aubrey-Jones, D., Dawood, S., Dobrzynska, M., Faulkner, S., Griffiths, H., Mahmood, F., Perry, M., Power, A., Simpson, R., Pherwani, S. A., Wang, K., Mitchell, L., Heyworth, J., Ayyar, S., Brobbey, P., Burrows, A., Elder, P., Ganyani, R., Horseman, C., Hurst, P., Mann, H., Marimuthu, K., Mcbride, S., Pilsworth, E., Powers, N., Stanier, P., Obukofe, R., Polson, R., Mason, D., Mackenzie, E., Innes, R., Kersey, T., Kopczynska, M., Langasco, N., Rajagopal, R., Russell, C., Doyle, N., Habib, Z., Zardab, M., Sartaj, F., Farooq, H., Tabibi, M., Imam, L., Atkins, B., Beasley, W., Cheng Lim, Z., Gill, A., Li Ang, H., Williams, H., Yogeswara, T., Drury, D. J., James, S. J., Barnett, R., Teasdale, A. B., Richardson, E. T. J., Thomas, D. A., Williams, R. L., Najabat-Lattif, H. F., Akram, B., Carter, R., Fam, M., Fong, J., Latter, J., Long, M., Mackinnon, S., Mckenzie, C., Osmanska, J., Raghuvir, V., Shafi, A., Tsang, K., Walker, L., Cahya, E., Lou, G., Coyle, M., Homyer, K., Zhu, L. Y., Woods, M., Bountra, K., Coldicutt, O., Fletcher, D., Hudson, S., Iqbal, S., Lopez Bernal, T., Martin, J. W. B., Moss-Lawton, F., Suchett-Kay, I., Chang, J., O'Callaghan, H., Suchett-Kaye, I., Mihailidis, T. H., Cardwell, A., Edgerton, K., Laws, J., Rai, A., Robinson, K., Waite, K., Youssef, H., Alawattegama, H., Seite, E., Barrett, A., Riordan, E., Lam, W., Dowdeswell, M., Mulvenna, C., Knight, C., Koo, P. Y., Lazarou, A., Stanger, S., Thorn, C., Triniman, M. C., Netke, T., Awokoya, O., Gurowich, L., Dhera, K., Hossaini, S., Botha, A., Boyles, L., Cumming, S., Deepak, S., Ezzat, A., Fowler, A. J., Gwozdz, A. M., Hussain, S. F., Khan, S., Li, H., Lu Morrell, B., Neville, J., Nitiahpapand, R., Pickering, O., Sagoo, H., Sharma, E., Welsh, K., Williams, L., Hayat, S., Tincknell, L., Spazzapan, M., Teeling, F., Sysum, K., Denley, S., Latter, M., Agarwal, M., Al-Saadi, N., Bhambra, R., Gupta, A., Jawad, Z. A. R., Jiao, L. R., Mahir, G., Singagireson, S., Thoms, B. L., Tseu, B., Wei, R., Yang, N., Britton, N., Leinhardt, D., Mahfooz, M., Palkhi, A., Price, M., Sheikh, S., Barker, M., Bowley, D., Cant, M., Datta, U., Farooqi, M., Lee, A., Morley, G., Naushad Amin, M., Parry, A., Patel, S., Strang, S., Yoganayagam, N., Guruswamy, M., Beedham, W., Brazier, E., Elghobashy, M., Bajaj, M., Etel, E., Adlan, A., Chandramoorthy, S., Choudhary, Y., Das, K., Feldman, M., France, B., Grace, R., Puddy, H., Soor, P., Kisiel, A., Woodmass, M., Hayden, H., Ali, Y., Husain, S., Ali, M., Dhillon, P., Faraj, A., Gerard, L., Glover, M., Imran, H., Kim, S., Patrick, Y., Peto, J., Prabhudesai, A., Tang, A., Vadgama, N., Dhaliwal, R., Ecclestone, T., Harris, A., Ong, D., Patel, D., Philp, C., Stewart, E., Wang, L., Wong, E., Xu, Y., Ashaye, T., Fozard, T., Galloway, F., Kaptanis, S., Mistry, P., Nguyen, T., Olagbaiye, F., Osman, M., Philip, Z., Rembacken, R., Tayeh, S., Theodoropoulou, K., Liu, F. Y., Arnold, A., Pedersen, A. 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V., Radulovic, R., Milo??evic, K., Bojicic, J., Gencic, M., Jankovic, U., Jovanovic, M., El Kasmy El Kasmi, Y., G??mez Jurado, M. J., Alberti Delgado, P., Bordanova Reverter, A., G??mez del Pulgar, A., Belzunce-Cap??, J. F., Verdaguer Tremolosa, M., Lin, Q., P??rez-Ajates, S., Ramayo D??az, N., Gonz??lez Caraballo, I., Pascual Vicente, T., Orue-Echebarria, M. I., S??nchez-Calvo, L., Wang, D., Trueba-Collado, C., Morales Bernaldo de Quir??s, J. T., Anabitarte Bautista, O., Yebes, A., Espin-Basany, E., Clerc, D., Mignon, G., Vanoni, A., Henkens, A., Jarrar, G., Odovic, M., Willemin, M., Milliet, O., Hahnloser, D., Demartines, N., Curchod, P., Ciubotaru, C., Popescu, S., Popescu, S. S., Piras, K., Ciubotaru, C. I., Yanishev, A., Luzan, R., Lutovinova, E., Gavrilina, A., Barkovskaya, A., Kudelkina, N., Topchubaev, D., Ozkan, B. B., Yagiz Sen, A., Aktas, M. K., Aykun, N., Agca, M. H., Bilen, C., Kilinc, I., Atar, C., Kilic, V., Aktuna, C., Aba, M., Eray, I. C., Baki, B. 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A., Tutino, R., Licari, L., Campanella, S., Profita, G., Falco, N., Rotolo, G., Venturelli, P., De Marco, P., Marcian??, M., Picciariello, A., Chetta, N., Aquilino, F., Papagni, V., Coletta, D., Cerasari, S., Galiffa, G., Lapolla, P., Del Basso, C., Cirillo, B., De Toma, G., Fazzi, K., Bini, S., De Padua, C., Savino, G., Finotti, E., Ferrara, F., Stella, M., Gobatti, D., Tamini, N., Brenna, R., Giani, A., Tirotta, F., Famularo, S., Angrisani, M., Ceresoli, M., Talamo, G., Sucameli, F., Gennai, A., Moggia, E., Bianchi, C., Bonfante, P., Macina, S., Feleppa, C., Imperatore, M., Berti, S., Parini, D., Lanari, J., Giamundo, P., lo Conte, A., Pagano, G., Manigrasso, M., Danzi, M., Amato, R., Anastasio, L., Mastella, F., Basile, R., Peltrini, R., Marra, E., Luglio, G., Giglio, M., Anoldo, P., Vertaldi, S., Grimaldi, L., Tammaro, N., Ripetti, V., D'Alessio, R., Benvenuto, D., Pesce, A., Menduni, N., Giudicissi, R., Zalla, T., Baraghini, M., Romoli, L., Calussi, M., Vellei, S., Genzano, C., Feroci, F., Vita, M., Giani, I., Goldin, E., Ciccioli, E., Galgano, A., Zuin, M., Bettella, A., Barina, A., Vendramin, E., Palano, G., Schiavone, D., Rega, D., La Manna, V., Migliore, G., Aversano, A., Fares Bucci, A., Belli, A., Andriola, V., Lafranceschina, S., Gordini, L., Erdas, E., Podda, F., Cappellacci, F., Salaris, C., Sanna, S., Marcialis, J., Longheu, A., Foppa, C., Coratti, F., Montanelli, P., Grandi, S., Nelli, T., Ben Khaled, N., Cammelli, F., Ferrini, E., Billo, M. 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M., Saraiva, P., Almeida, J., Mendes, M., Fernandes, V., Ribeiro, A., Soares, D., Capote, H., Fialho, G., Reia, M., Pratas, N., Costa, J., Morais, S., Miranda, P., Cunha, C., Sousa, X., Amado, F., Batista, A., Seabra, J., Praxedes, V., Monteiro, N., Martins, I., Lamas, M., Devesa, H., Miranda, J., Martins, S. F., Cavadas, D., Silva, R., Pina, S., Paix??o, I., Frade, S., Guerreiro, I., Tom??, M., Patrocinio, S., Costa, M., Rosete, M., Senaratne, R., Kakodkar, P., Balasubramanian, I., Hogan, A., Al-Salihi, A., Vyas, V., Vedadi, A., English, C., Mohammed, N., Dervan, L., Kang, S. J., Morrissey, E., Compton, M., Litvin, A., Romanova, E., Ponomarev, N., Savchenko, A., M??sz??rosov??, K., Zubowicz, M., Such??n, P. K., Gerstmeier, J., Brazitikou, E., Fytrou, E., Celik, M., Dubovsk??, M., Schmalenbeck, J., Sautter, S. C., Ceyran, H., Panyko, A., Jaich, R., Fitchat, N., De Lima, H., Withey, K., Piperidis, A., Toyi, Y., Nicolaides, A., Brooks, S., Jaffer, T., Sparke, A., Van Staden, N., Mcduling, C. R., Claassen, L., Van Vuuren, S., Marx, M., Kruger, C., Weyers, J., Lecler, J., Nshalati Salvation, M., Mathebula, S., Chauke, J., Mculu, W., Ngwenya, Z., Cardo, J. Garc??a., Mora-Guzm??n, I., Sancho Muriel, J., de Andres Olabarria, U., Casaval Cornejo, L., Vicente Rodr??guez, I., Jim??nez Escovar, F., Calvo Fern??ndez, M., Portugal Mart??nez, A., Badiola Bergara, I., Landaluce Olavarria, A., del Pozo Andr??s, E., Muriel, P., Mestres, N., Cuello, E., Merichal, M., Sierra, J. E., Escoll, J., Rufas, M., Pinillos, A. I., Ortega, J., Cerd??n, C., Jimenez Vi??as, C., Alconchel, F., Mart??nez D??az, J. M., Ruiz Manzanera, J. J., Navarro Barrios, ??., Rodr??guez Pedre??o, L., Moreno, P. Garc??a., G??mez, M. Garc??a., Rodrigues, K., Abrisqueta, J., Esteban Sinovas, O., Oro, C. 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C., Licardie Bola??os, R. E., Garcia Orozco, J. J., Ferrusola Diaz, D. A., Garcia Jimenez, M. L., Castro Diez, L., Mosquera Fernandez, C., Fern??ndez, P., Platero Diago, J., Veras Lista, M., Rif?? Terricabras, S., Butler Sanz, L., Alberch Camprub??, E., Rico Ferr??ndez, M., Puig Lao, E., De Pablo Mir??, M., D??az Padillo, A., Padilla Zegarra, E. D., Franco, M., Martinez, A., Forero-Torres, A., Alonso-Poza, A., Dieguez, B., Losada, M., Gilsanz, C., Alberdi San Rom??n, I., Ramos Jim??nez, F. A., P??rez Ortega, A., Trujillo Barbadillo, A., Romero Pujana, E., Fernandez Illera, M. V., Salvador Ros??s, H., Delisau Puig, O., Castro, A., Codony Bassols, C., Fernandes, N., damez, J. Garc??a., Caula Freixa, C., G??mez Romeu, N., Merayo ??lvarez, M., Merayo Alvarez, M., Alonso Batanero, E., Canales, I. Cifri??n., Villarejo Campos, P., Alberca-Paramo, A., Alia Verdejo, T., Ca??ete-Manzanares, J., Molina-Florez, M., Hern??ndez, L. C. 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R., Demirtas, B., Cavus, T., Yuksek, A., Karabulut, K., Uyanik, A., Kargici, K., Banaz, T., Abdulrahman, S. M. F., Yesilsancak, M., Yanikoglu, E., Karabulut, A., Kuyumcu, O. F., Kutluk, F., Tunc, E., Ozmen, B. B., Kurtoglu, G. K., Sel, E. K., Isler, V. C., Yilmaz, B. S., Adiyaman, C., Kara, M., Demirkaya, H. C., Korkmaz, H. K., Pektas, A. M., Mutlu, D., Tiftik, E., Aksoy, A. B., Karag??z, E., Sabanci, R., T??mer, S. S., Sarig??l, L., Aksoy, B., Emiroglu, B., Mollavelioglu, B., Gereklioglu, D., Guler, M., Toprak, S., Afsar, H. B., Guler, S. E., Alizade, E., Aydin, T., Yalcinkaya, A., Erdem, M., Kayacan, S., Sahin, C., Uysal, M., Karakus, K., Altiner, S., Demirci, Z. S., Eren, E., Yavas, M., Dogan, H., Ozoglu, F., Mazlum, S. S., Yelkenci, C., Baran, T., Satilmisoglu, M., Sahin, A. Z., Kilin??, A., Isik, K., Kocer, M. D., G??ner, B., Islek, E. C., Tombul, H. B., Boztug, C. Y., Tinaz, A., Yilmaz, M., Karaman, Y., Akin, F. A., Dansuk, S., Bas??avus, M., Kaya, M., Kutlu, B., Akyol, C., Bilicen, G., Yarenci, E., Demiroglu, Y., Sunal, A., Cinar, E. N., Tipi, O. U., Benli, G. E., Tasdelen, I., Tura, A., Ucar, A., Ekci, B., Bilgili, A. C., Kiraz, I. N., Aksoy, H., Basak, A., Karip, B., Uslu, ??., Seker, M. C., Erten, V., Memis, U., Ko??ak, Z. B., Karapinar, Y. E., Fakirullahoglu, M., K??seoglu, E., Yeni, M., Uygur, F. A., Kaya, Y., zen, D., lmez, M., Altintas, E., Toklu, R., Sari??i??ek, T., Isik, A. E., Demirci, K., Suresh, G., Anbarasan, J., Rehman, S., Hu, E., Timms, S., Reynolds, W., Hotchkies, A., Misra, V., Finch, B. J., Philip Rajathasan, T., Jeddy, H., Kyaw, H. A., Wong, N., Bhahirathan, Y., Donaldson, C., Sequeira Campos, M., Armitage, M. N., Hussain, A. S., Hardy, B., Hassan Serry, M. Y., Herron, J., Thakrar, C., Rojoa, D., Yeap, B., Iqbal, Z., Rojoa, D. M., Cabaleiro Barciela, C., Ruddy, C. M., Lindwe, S., Qamar, Y., Chuita, S., James, A., Bugelli, M., Chechelnitskaya, Y., Bylinski, T., Findlay, J. M., Skan, O., Kind, C., Tupper, P., Van Rhee, C., Honeyman, S. I., Menon, G., Sloper, W., Burford, C., Coey, J., Akbari, K., Whitehead, T., Dimitriadis, S., Marshall, K., Flint, E. J., Can, B., Cesmeli, E., Kus, D., Kavar, R. C., Cevlik, A. D., Cengiz, U., Turk, E. G., Yilmaz, I., Yumurtaci, ??., Emin, A., Girit, ??. a. g. r. i., Yildirak, M. K., Senyigit, E., G??ldag, A., S??yleyici, B., Aytin, Y. E., Akay, F. E., Iskan, N. G., Mutlu, B., Sunay, A. O., Bell, T., Limnatitou, D., Gormley, S., Taleongpong, P., Patel, V., Macgregor, L., Amini, S., Turner, C., To, N., Laurence, N., Green, C., Frostick, R., Khera, R., Povey, M., Mahapatra, S., Bradbury, M., Osunronbi, T., Tam, L. Y. C., Khanan Kaabneh, A., Lawther, J., Fisher, P., Tribedi, T., Moosa, A., Ramdin, A., Mcgee, F., Flanagan, S., Tan, Q. J., Anwar, H., Clough, R., Chrisp, B., Cassels, J., Cross, G. W. V., Refalo, A., Hadley, R., Mctighe, A., Farrow, F., Brodie, A., Davis, G., Shah, D. R., Bowers, C., M. P. E., Ng, Wong, R. T. W., Maese, S., Tandon, R., Gray, M., Kumar, A., Ciurleo, C., Nyamali, I., Hiremath, S., Sinha, S., Chowdhary, M., Kirupananthan, P., Boh, Z. Y., Dass, S., Soma, A., Newton, A., Hill, M., Shafiq, Y., Brkljac, M., Martin, H., Mcclarty, C., Sanyal, S., Alsaif, A., Bhopal, S., Muneeb, F., Page, O., Zeb, E., Al-Azzawi, A., Mcintosh, J., Vucicevic, A., Hughes, M., Brooks, L., Fanibi, B., Dixon, M., Njoku, P., Morris, D., Jobson, J., Trussell, S., Chowdhury, H., Alawode, D. O. T., Udayachandran, V., Alsoof, D., Ekert, J., Joseph, N., Zulkefley, N., Hunt, G., Christodoulou, T., Wright, O., Soman, S., Jamal, M., Beqiri, S., Borgas, P., Pereira, F., Browne, S., Yiu, J., Dworkin, A., Mak, J., Patrawala, S., Milinkovic, N., Schofield, R., Chauhan, M., Hartley, L., Hind, J., Heybourne, A., Morgan, H., Wickstone, C., Panagiotou, D., O'Connell, E., Dean, K., Iqbal, R., Walsh, L., Yu, N., Rana, N., Massie, E., Foong, J., Lee, Y. J., Mijalkov, D., Wells, A., Bull, N., Ajmera, A., Warburton, T., Morgan, S., Mahmoud, A., Schachtel, M., Mikhail, B., Fomin, I., Mekaeil, B., Jun, H. J. S., Hengpoonthana, R., Childs, S., Ridgway, S., Blefari, N. D. A., Tam, H., Puchalski, N., Ngai, C., Mackenzie, J., Johnson, N., Holmes, M., Zuzek, R., Saluja, T., Gould, T., Goh, Y. K., Selvaraj, T., Horne, D., Borrow, J. L., Campbell, C., Cousins, G., Jackson, L., Maheepala, K., Zhao, S., Holden, E., Tutt, L., Thompson, B., Collins, H., Louie, F., Buckland, B., Smith, D., Chong, C., Chua, T. H., Nayak, C., Redmond, J., Tan, R. R., Gramlick, M., Teh, J. S., S. Y., Ng, Britten-Jones, P., Mohd Rosli, R., Pham, H. D. V., Harris, M., Salibasic, M., Pavlov, V., Paycheva, T., Lyulenina, E., Kolev, N., Boev, B., Nguen, D., Mitkov, Y., Mitkov, E., Vladova, P., Dimitrov, V., Gabarski, A., Feradova, H., Mladenov, T., P??s, M., Adel, A., Sotona, O., Barto??, M., Amjad, T., Mal??, O., Berec, S., Hanu??ov??, M., Hurn??, M., rhalmi, J., S??rensen, J. S., Chanut, F., Magnin, J., Sch??ning, L., CS Simon, S., Galata, C., Karampinis, I., Th??wel, T., Seckler, A. 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A., Hoeks, E. M., Nieuwenhuizen, S., Brandsma, A. M., van Praag, E. M., Westerduin, E., Smit, M. P. C. M., van der Lely, S. J., de Ruiter, A., Ribbers, T., Aarts, C. A. M., Tulek, M. S., de Jonge, J., Kocak, S., Alqethami, H. J., Constansia, R., van Elst, P. C., Tissink, M. W., Azzahhafi, J., Bofarid, S., Kip, M., Saleh, W., Franssen, S., Boon, C. L., Franssen, R. J. M., Romaen, I., Jense, M. T. F., D'Souza, J., Pascoe, R., Scott, A., Stark, E., Mulholland, K., Lau, W. K., Smith, B., Adams, S. I. B., Shah, N., Ling, E., Young, J., Hawkins, R., Jacobson, A., Macfater, H., Stanfield, B., Henderson, N., Chuang, A., Maskill, L., Ker, H., Mouldey, K., Hu, R., Matthews, C., Aitken, E., Walker, M., Winstanley, J., Miguel, I., Martins, J., Cunha, M. F., Melo, J., Veiga, D. 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E., Camarero, E., Mart??nez Ill??n, M., Aranda Garc??a, L., L??zaro Cardona, M., Montalvo Olmedo, C., Izquierdo Moreno, A., Cuenca Ram??rez, A., Margarida, A., Pando, B., Liquete Mar??n, L., P??rez Calle, M., Ramos Cordero, M. J., Sagredo Cuartango, A., S??nchez, E., Marcos Rodrigo, A., Fernandez, A., Curtis, C., Bosch, M., Triguero, D., Bosch Ram??rez, M., De La Llave Serralvo, A., S??nchez, M. J., Mart??n-Borreg??n, P., Quevedo, A., Mart??nez, J., Mar??n, J. M., Rodr??guez, P., Esteban Avenda??o, I., Jim??nez Relimpio, C., Lancho Lavilla, P., Blanco Bartolom??, I., G??mez Cano, I., Blasco Andr??s, C., Abad-Motos, A., Mar??nez-Hurtado, E., Salvachua-Fern??ndez, R., Muniesa, C., Avelino, L., Cholewa, H., Sancho-Muriel, J., Navasquillo, M., Nav??o, A., Abell??, D., De Jesus, M., Alvarez, E., Kefleyesus, A., Bugmann, A., Piotet, L. M., Meijers, L., Tonchev, P., Tamosiunas, A., Rottier, S. J., Negoi, I., Bernado, I. R., Eftychiou, S., Psychiatry, Surgery, RTEÜ, Tıp Fakültesi, Dahili Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü, Tampere University, Kanta-Häme Central Hospital Hämeenlinna, Ahmed, W, Bhatia, S, Mclean, K, Khaw, R, Baker, D, Kamarajah, S, Bell, S, Nepogodiev, D, Harrison, E, Glasbey, J, Borakati, A, Burke, J, Drake, T, Bath, M, Claireaux, H, Gundogan, B, Mohan, M, Deekonda, P, Kong, C, Joyce, H, Mcnamee, L, Woin, E, Khatri, C, Fitzgerald, J, Bhangu, A, Arulkumaran, N, Duthie, F, Hughes, J, Pinkney, T, Prowle, J, Richards, T, Thomas, M, Blanco-Colino, R, Chapman, S, Pata, F, Pellino, G, Sgro, A, van Elst, T, Van Straten, S, Knowles, C, Dynes, K, Patel, M, Patel, P, Wigley, C, Suresh, R, Shaw, A, Klimach, S, Jull, P, Evans, D, Preece, R, Ibrahim, I, Manikavasagar, V, Smith, R, Brown, F, Teo, R, Sim, D, Logan, A, Barai, I, Amin, H, Suresh, S, Sethi, R, Gul, W, Bolton, W, Corbridge, O, Horne, L, Attalla, M, Morley, R, Robinson, C, Hoskins, T, Mcallister, R, Lee, S, Dennis, Y, Nixon, G, Heywood, E, Wilson, H, Ng, 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E., Tasdelen, I., Tura, A., Ucar, A., Ekci, B., Bilgili, A. C., Kiraz, I. N., Aksoy, H., Basak, A., Karip, B., Uslu, Ö., Seker, M. C., Erten, V., Memis, U., Koçak, Z. B., Karapinar, Y. E., Fakirullahoglu, M., Köseoglu, E., Yeni, M., Uygur, F. A., Kaya, Y., Özen, D., Ölmez, M., Altintas, E., Toklu, R., Sariçiçek, T., Isik, A. E., Demirci, K., Suresh, G., Anbarasan, J., Rehman, S., Hu, E., Timms, S., Reynolds, W., Hotchkies, A., Misra, V., Finch, B. J., Philip Rajathasan, T., Jeddy, H., Kyaw, H. A., Wong, N., Bhahirathan, Y., Donaldson, C., Sequeira Campos, M., Armitage, M. N., Hussain, A. S., Hardy, B., Hassan Serry, M. Y., Herron, J., Thakrar, C., Rojoa, D., Yeap, B., Iqbal, Z., Rojoa, D. M., Cabaleiro Barciela, C., Ruddy, C. M., Lindwe, S., Qamar, Y., Chuita, S., James, A., Bugelli, M., Chechelnitskaya, Y., Bylinski, T., Findlay, J. M., Skan, O., Kind, C., Tupper, P., Van Rhee, C., Honeyman, S. I., Menon, G., Sloper, W., Burford, C., Coey, J., Akbari, K., Whitehead, T., Dimitriadis, S., Marshall, K., Flint, E. J., Can, B., Cesmeli, E., Kus, D., Kavar, R. C., Cevlik, A. D., Cengiz, U., Turk, E. G., Yilmaz, I., Yumurtaci, Ö., Emin, A., Girit, Ç. a. g. r. i., Yildirak, M. K., Senyigit, E., Güldag, A., Söyleyici, B., Aytin, Y. E., Akay, F. E., Iskan, N. G., Mutlu, B., Sunay, A. O., Bell, T., Limnatitou, D., Gormley, S., Taleongpong, P., Patel, V., Macgregor, L., Amini, S., Turner, C., To, N., Laurence, N., Green, C., Frostick, R., Khera, R., Povey, M., Mahapatra, S., Bradbury, M., Osunronbi, T., Tam, L. Y. C., Khanan Kaabneh, A., Lawther, J., Fisher, P., Tribedi, T., Moosa, A., Ramdin, A., Mcgee, F., Flanagan, S., Tan, Q. J., Anwar, H., Clough, R., Chrisp, B., Cassels, J., Cross, G. W. V., Refalo, A., Hadley, R., Mctighe, A., Farrow, F., Brodie, A., Davis, G., Shah, D. R., Bowers, C., Ng, M. P. E., Wong, R. T. W., Maese, S., Tandon, R., Gray, M., Kumar, A., Ciurleo, C., Nyamali, I., Hiremath, S., Sinha, S., Chowdhary, M., Kirupananthan, P., Boh, Z. Y., Dass, S., Soma, A., Newton, A., Hill, M., Shafiq, Y., Brkljac, M., Martin, H., Mcclarty, C., Sanyal, S., Alsaif, A., Bhopal, S., Muneeb, F., Page, O., Zeb, E., Al-Azzawi, A., Mcintosh, J., Vucicevic, A., Hughes, M., Brooks, L., Fanibi, B., Dixon, M., Njoku, P., Morris, D., Jobson, J., Trussell, S., Chowdhury, H., Alawode, D. O. T., Udayachandran, V., Alsoof, D., Ekert, J., Joseph, N., Zulkefley, N., Hunt, G., Christodoulou, T., Wright, O., Soman, S., Jamal, M., Beqiri, S., Borgas, P., Pereira, F., Browne, S., Yiu, J., Dworkin, A., Mak, J., Patrawala, S., Milinkovic, N., Schofield, R., Chauhan, M., Hartley, L., Hind, J., Heybourne, A., Morgan, H., Wickstone, C., Panagiotou, D., O'Connell, E., Dean, K., Iqbal, R., Walsh, L., Yu, N., Rana, N., Massie, E., Foong, J., Lee, Y. J., Mijalkov, D., Wells, A., Bull, N., Ajmera, A., Warburton, T., Morgan, S., Mahmoud, A., Schachtel, M., Mikhail, B., Fomin, I., Mekaeil, B., Jun, H. J. S., Hengpoonthana, R., Childs, S., Ridgway, S., Blefari, N. D. A., Tam, H., Puchalski, N., Ngai, C., Mackenzie, J., Johnson, N., Holmes, M., Zuzek, R., Saluja, T., Gould, T., Goh, Y. K., Selvaraj, T., Horne, D., Borrow, J. L., Campbell, C., Cousins, G., Jackson, L., Maheepala, K., Zhao, S., Holden, E., Tutt, L., Thompson, B., Collins, H., Louie, F., Buckland, B., Smith, D., Chong, C., Chua, T. H., Nayak, C., Redmond, J., Tan, R. R., Gramlick, M., Teh, J. S., Ng, S. Y., Britten-Jones, P., Mohd Rosli, R., Pham, H. D. V., Harris, M., Salibasic, M., Pavlov, V., Paycheva, T., Lyulenina, E., Kolev, N., Boev, B., Nguen, D., Mitkov, Y., Mitkov, E., Vladova, P., Dimitrov, V., Gabarski, A., Feradova, H., Mladenov, T., Pös, M., Adel, A., Sotona, O., Bartoš, M., Amjad, T., Malý, O., Berec, S., Hanušová, M., Hurný, M., Örhalmi, J., Sørensen, J. S., Chanut, F., Magnin, J., Schöning, L., CS Simon, S., Galata, C., Karampinis, I., Thäwel, T., Seckler, A. M., Kerem, C., Durdevic, S., Herrle, F., Artioli, E., Giaccari, S., Nevoso, V., Schimera, A., Marino, S., Resta, G., Ongaro, D., Baronio, G., Raimondo, S., Casiraghi, S., Salvadori, R., Armellini, A., Vulcano, I., Bertilone, E., Pintabona, G., Viscosi, F., Mazzeo, C., Olivieri, M., Belluco, C., Antona, A. D., Basso, S., Frattalone, M., Marino, F., Carbone, F., Incollingo, P., Romano, F. M., Anania, M., Pulighe, F., Cruccu, A., Murru, M. L., Massaiu, C., Balestra, F., Pazzona, M., De Nisco, C., Gusai, G. P., Giannella, A., Santangelo, M., Frangella, F., Magagnano, D., Liberatore, P., Rondelli, F., Castagnoli, G., Bartoli, A., Bellochi, R., Spaziani, A., Conti, D., Poponesi, V., Trippetti, M., Amicucci, S., Tazza, G., Procacci, P., Giovannini, F., Basile, E., Moschetta, G., Cosmi, F., Romeo, G., Gasparrini, M., Virgilio, E., Sparta, C., Mura, F. A., Barmina, M., Lorettu, A., Rettaroli, C., Mastino, G., Ruggiu, G. V., Mura, G. A., Perrone, B. A., De Angelis, M., Mereu, A., Adamo, V., Bianco, C., Ricciardiello, M., Campanaro, C., Panaccio, P., Esposito, L. M., Di Mola, F. F., D'Ascanio, F., Pietroletti, R., Di Marco, F., Amico, A., Schembari, E., Puglisi, S., Tuminello, F., Figà, F., Caiazzo, A., Selvaggi, L., Capozzolo, A., Braccio, B., Truškovs, A., Bartnick, A., Malcevs, E., Machatschek, M. J., Alm, J., Lapsa, S., Delorme, M., Zeynalov, F., Larnovskis, J., Sauka, J., Bodrov, D., Gailumsis, R., Wiemann, A. M., Müller, N. L., Jelovskis, I., Deksnis, D., Bauermeister Potts, O., Slimbajevs, T., Ancans, G., Dulskas, A., Kuliavas, J., Kavaliauskas, P., Kavaliauskaite, R., te Molder, L., Tromp, J., Matthee, E., Tissen, Y. M., Brinkhuis, E., de Vries, H. S., 't Hart, E., Beckers, K., Bekker, Y., Kakar, S., van Smaalen, T. C., Veen, O. C., Dingemans, S. A., van den Brink, L. C., Vijgen, G. H. E. J., van de Voort, E. M. F., van der Pool, A., van Rest, K. L. C., Haak, T., Gordinou de Gouberville, M. C., Saleh, S., Mens, M. A., Hoeks, E. M., Nieuwenhuizen, S., Brandsma, A. M., van Praag, E. M., Westerduin, E., Smit, M. P. C. M., van der Lely, S. J., de Ruiter, A., Ribbers, T., Aarts, C. A. M., Tulek, M. S., de Jonge, J., Kocak, S., Alqethami, H. J., Constansia, R., van Elst, P. C., Tissink, M. W., Azzahhafi, J., Bofarid, S., Kip, M., Saleh, W., Franssen, S., Boon, C. L., Franssen, R. J. M., Romaen, I., Jense, M. T. F., D'Souza, J., Pascoe, R., Scott, A., Stark, E., Mulholland, K., Lau, W. K., Smith, B., Adams, S. I. B., Shah, N., Ling, E., Young, J., Hawkins, R., Jacobson, A., Macfater, H., Stanfield, B., Henderson, N., Chuang, A., Maskill, L., Ker, H., Mouldey, K., Hu, R., Matthews, C., Aitken, E., Walker, M., Winstanley, J., Miguel, I., Martins, J., Cunha, M. F., Melo, J., Veiga, D. N., Rachadell, J., Amorim, E., Vareda, R., Roseira, J., Americano, M., Correia, D., Capella, V., Moinhos, T., Costa, F., Gil, I., Morgado, J., Varghese, S., Boyle, E., Aljohmani, L., Alexander, J., Graziadei, V., Mccaughey, C., Jain, A., O'Connor, D. B., Ramanayake, H., Sabnani, R., Colon, L. F., Bansal, N., Stephens, I., Tan, R., Hoo, M., Doherty, G., Fenn, S., Mulhare, E., Walsh, M., Leavey, C., Costigan, O., Griffin, S., Dockry, É., Khogali, E., Aly, A. K., Mcphedran, R., O'Gorman, D., Vermeulen, D., Gopaul, A., Pentony, A. R., Piong, C. L., Nossier, R., Hanna, J., Sabir, K., Eow, S. Y., Ladak, N., Boersma, D., Kamath, P. J., Soh, T. B. W., Dyer, A. H., Chee, S. Y., Tan, I. X. H., Kelliher, A., Scanlon, K., Adeusi, L., Howarth, N., Mccawley, N., O'Neill, A., Jones, M. R., Saleh, R., Singh, A., O'Dwyer, N., Mana, O. C., Gomez, H., Riba, L., Perez, J., Centeno, A., Ortega, C., Ossola, M. E., Camarero, E., Martínez Illán, M., Aranda García, L., Lázaro Cardona, M., Montalvo Olmedo, C., Izquierdo Moreno, A., Cuenca Ramírez, A., Margarida, A., Pando, B., Liquete Marín, L., Pérez Calle, M., Ramos Cordero, M. J., Sagredo Cuartango, A., Sánchez, E., Marcos Rodrigo, A., Fernandez, A., Curtis, C., Bosch, M., Triguero, D., Bosch Ramírez, M., De La Llave Serralvo, A., Sánchez, M. J., Martín-Borregón, P., Quevedo, A., Martínez, J., Marín, J. M., Rodríguez, P., Esteban Avendaño, I., Jiménez Relimpio, C., Lancho Lavilla, P., Blanco Bartolomé, I., Gómez Cano, I., Blasco Andrés, C., Abad-Motos, A., Marínez-Hurtado, E., Salvachua-Fernández, R., Muniesa, C., Avelino, L., Cholewa, H., Sancho-Muriel, J., Navasquillo, M., Navío, A., Abelló, D., De Jesus, M., Alvarez, E., Kefleyesus, A., Bugmann, A., Piotet, L. M., Meijers, L., Tonchev, P., Tamosiunas, A., Rottier, S. J., Negoi, I., Bernado, I. R., Eftychiou, S., RS: NUTRIM - R2 - Liver and digestive health, MUMC+: MA Mondzorg Kaak Aangezicht Chirurgie (9), Kindergeneeskunde, RS: NUTRIM - R1 - Obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular health, and Faculteit Medische Wetenschappen/UMCG
Subjects: renal failure, cohort studies, humans, kidney, postoperative complications, prognosis, prospective studies, retrospective studies, risk assessment, risk factors, acute kidney injury, digestive system surgical procedures, Prognosi, Acute Kidney Injury/diagnosis, Digestive System Surgical Procedures/adverse effects, 3121 Internal medicine, Kidney, Risk Assessment, Cohort Studies, Tumours of the digestive tract Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 14], All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center, Postoperative Complications, Retrospective Studie, Risk Factors, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Humans, preoperative care, Prognostic Model, Prospective Studies, Digestive System Surgical Procedures, Retrospective Studies, Science & Technology, Risk Factor, MORTALITY, General Medicine, STARSurg Collaborative and EuroSurg Collaborative, Acute Kidney Injury, Prognosis, surgical procedures, Prospective Studie, aki, OAKS, Postoperative Complications/etiology, colorectal surgery, Surgery, Postoperative Complication, Cohort Studie, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Human
Abstract: Background Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of major gastrointestinal surgery with an impact on short- and long-term survival. No validated system for risk stratification exists for this patient group. This study aimed to validate externally a prognostic model for AKI after major gastrointestinal surgery in two multicentre cohort studies. Methods The Outcomes After Kidney injury in Surgery (OAKS) prognostic model was developed to predict risk of AKI in the 7 days after surgery using six routine datapoints (age, sex, ASA grade, preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate, planned open surgery and preoperative use of either an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocker). Validation was performed within two independent cohorts: a prospective multicentre, international study (‘IMAGINE’) of patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery (2018); and a retrospective regional cohort study (‘Tayside’) in major abdominal surgery (2011–2015). Multivariable logistic regression was used to predict risk of AKI, with multiple imputation used to account for data missing at random. Prognostic accuracy was assessed for patients at high risk (greater than 20 per cent) of postoperative AKI. Results In the validation cohorts, 12.9 per cent of patients (661 of 5106) in IMAGINE and 14.7 per cent (106 of 719 patients) in Tayside developed 7-day postoperative AKI. Using the OAKS model, 558 patients (9.6 per cent) were classified as high risk. Less than 10 per cent of patients classified as low-risk developed AKI in either cohort (negative predictive value greater than 0.9). Upon external validation, the OAKS model retained an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve of range 0.655–0.681 (Tayside 95 per cent c.i. 0.596 to 0.714; IMAGINE 95 per cent c.i. 0.659 to 0.703), sensitivity values range 0.323–0.352 (IMAGINE 95 per cent c.i. 0.281 to 0.368; Tayside 95 per cent c.i. 0.253 to 0.461), and specificity range 0.881–0.890 (Tayside 95 per cent c.i. 0.853 to 0.905; IMAGINE 95 per cent c.i. 0.881 to 0.899). Conclusion The OAKS prognostic model can identify patients who are not at high risk of postoperative AKI after gastrointestinal surgery with high specificity. Presented to Association of Surgeons in Training (ASiT) International Conference 2018 (Edinburgh, UK), European Society of Coloproctology (ESCP) International Conference 2018 (Nice, France), SARS (Society of Academic and Research Surgery) 2020 (Virtual, UK).
Published: 2022
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26. High Systemic Type I Interferon Activity Is Associated With Active Class III/IV Lupus Nephritis

Author: Cynthia A. Loomis, Robert R. Clancy, Jill P. Buyon, Danielle M. Vsetecka, Ashima Makol, Peter M. Izmirly, Taro Iwamoto, H. Michael Belmont, Vaidehi R. Chowdhary, T G Osborn, Kevin G. Moder, Shreyasee Amin, Jessica M. Dorschner, Shanmugapriya Selvaraj, Valeria Mezzano, Mark A. Jensen, Ming Wu, and Timothy B. Niewold
Subjects: Chemokine, Immunology, Lupus nephritis, Plasmacytoid dendritic cell, Article, Podocyte, Pathogenesis, Rheumatology, Interferon, Gene expression, medicine, Humans, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic, Immunology and Allergy, Lectins, C-Type, Receptors, Immunologic, Membrane Glycoproteins, biology, business.industry, medicine.disease, Lupus Nephritis, medicine.anatomical_structure, Antibodies, Antinuclear, Interferon Type I, biology.protein, Antibody, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: ObjectivePrevious studies suggest a link between high serum type I interferon (IFN) and lupus nephritis (LN). We determined whether serum IFN activity is associated with subtypes of LN and studied renal tissues and cells to understand the effect of IFN in LN.MethodsTwo hundred and twenty-one patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were studied. Serum IFN activity was measured by WISH bioassay. mRNA in situ hybridization was used in renal tissue to measure expression of the representative IFN-induced gene, IFN-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats-1 (IFIT1), and the plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) marker gene C-type lectin domain family-4 member C (CLEC4C). Podocyte cell line gene expression was measured by real-time PCR.ResultsClass III/IV LN prevalence was significantly increased in patients with high serum IFN compared with those with low IFN (odds ratio 5.40, P = 0.009). In multivariate regression models, type I IFN was a stronger predictor of class III/IV LN than complement C3 or anti-dsDNA antibody, and could account for the association of these variables with LN. IFIT1 expression was increased in all classes of LN, but most in the glomerular areas of active class III/IV LN kidneys. IFIT1 expression was not closely colocalized with pDCs. IFN directly activated podocyte cell lines to induce chemokines and proapoptotic molecules.ConclusionSystemic high IFN is involved in the pathogenesis of severe LN. We did not find colocalization of pDCs with IFN signature in renal tissue, and instead observed the greatest intensity of the IFN signature in glomerular areas, which could suggest a blood source of IFN.
Published: 2021
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27. New Pulmonary Infiltrates Observed on Computed Tomography-Based Image Guidance for Radiotherapy Warrant Diagnostic Workup for Coronavirus Disease 2019

Author: Osama Mostafa Abd Elbadee, Charlotte Billiet, Alex A. Adjei, Graham W. Warren, Vun-Sin Lim, Alexandra Giraldo Marin, Monica Ramos, Morten Hiul Suppli, Mudit Chowdhary, Esra Korkmaz Kirakli, Gaurav Marwaha, and Gwendolyn J. McGinnis
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Lung Neoplasms, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), medicine.medical_treatment, Computed tomography, COVID-19 Testing, ground glass opacities, Humans, Medicine, In patient, Image guidance, Lung, radiotherapy, medicine.diagnostic_test, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Brief Report, COVID-19, Cancer, computed tomography, medicine.disease, Radiation therapy, Oncology, Aggregate analysis, Pulmonary infiltrates, Human medicine, Radiology, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, business
Abstract: Introduction: Screening for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exposure, coupled with engaged decision making to prioritize cancer treatment in parallel with reducing risk of exposure and infection, is crucial in the management of COVID-19 during cancer treatment. After two reported case studies of imaging findings during daily computed tomography (CT)-based image-guided radio-therapy (RT) scans, a call for submission of anonymized case reports was published with the objective of rapidly determining if there was a correlation between the onset of new pulmonary infiltrates found during RT and COVID-19. We hereby report the results of the aggregate analysis. Methods: Data of deidentified case reports for patients who developed biochemically confirmed COVID-19 during RT were submitted through an online portal. Information requested included a patient's sex, age, cancer diagnosis and treatment, and COVID-19 diagnosis and outcome. Coplanar CT-based imaging was requested to reveal the presence or absence of ground-glass opacities or infiltrates. Results: A total of seven reports were submitted from Turkey, Spain, Belgium, Egypt, and the United States. Results and imaging from the patients reported by Suppli et al. and McGinnis et al. were included for a total of nine patients for analysis. All patients were confirmed COVID-19 positive using polymerase chain reaction-based methods or nasopharyngeal swabs. Of the nine patients analyzed, abnormalities consistent with ground-glass opacities or in- filtrates were observed in eight patients. Conclusions: This is the largest case series revealing the potential use of CT-based image guidance during RT as a tool for identifying patients who need further workup for COVID-19. Considerations for reviewing image guidance for new pulmonary infiltrates and immediate COVID-19 testing in patients who develop new infiltrates even without COVID-19 symptoms are strongly encouraged. (c) 2021 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Published: 2021
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28. Dosimetric analysis of intensity-modulated radiation therapy and volumetric-modulated arc therapy in comparison with conventional box technique in the treatment of carcinoma cervix: An impact of prosthetic implant

Author: Manindra Bhushan, Deepak Tripathi, Girigesh Yadav, Lalit Kumar, RahulLal Chowdhary, AnjaliK Pahuja, Mahamood Suhail, Swarupa Mitra, and Munish Gairola
Subjects: Oncology, Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted, Carcinoma, Humans, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Female, Radiotherapy Dosage, General Medicine, Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated, Cervix Uteri, Prostheses and Implants
Abstract: The number of patients for carcinoma cervix with implanted hip prostheses has been increasing worldwide during the past several decades. Technological advancements are useful for delivering higher doses, i.e., dose escalation to the target, but the presence of high-density implanted hip prosthesis creates challenges for the planner.A population of 25 patients was selected for the study. Plans were generated using the MONACO treatment planning system keeping the isocenter same. The parameters evaluated for planning target volume (PTV) were DDRadiotherapy is standard care of practice for known cases of cervical malignancies. As per our investigations, VMAT has generated comparable plans in terms of target coverage (DVMAT has an edge over other techniques in terms of target coverage and sparing of critical organs in the presence of metallic prosthesis. Information about the geometry and density of prosthesis will be beneficial for treatment planning.
Published: 2022

29. Genome Reporting for Healthy Populations-Pipeline for Genomic Screening from the GENCOV COVID-19 Study

Author: Erika, Frangione, Monica, Chung, Selina, Casalino, Georgia, MacDonald, Sunakshi, Chowdhary, Chloe, Mighton, Hanna, Faghfoury, Yvonne, Bombard, Lisa, Strug, Trevor, Pugh, Jared, Simpson, Limin, Hao, Matthew, Lebo, William J, Lane, Jennifer, Taher, and Jordan, Lerner-Ellis
Subjects: Male, SARS-CoV-2, Blood Group Antigens, COVID-19, Computational Biology, Humans, Genomics
Abstract: Genome sequencing holds the promise for great public health benefits. It is currently being used in the context of rare disease diagnosis and novel gene identification, but also has the potential to identify genetic disease risk factors in healthy individuals. Genome sequencing technologies are currently being used to identify genetic factors that may influence variability in symptom severity and immune response among patients infected by SARS-CoV-2. The GENCOV study aims to look at the relationship between genetic, serological, and biochemical factors and variability of SARS-CoV-2 symptom severity, and to evaluate the utility of returning genome screening results to study participants. Study participants select which results they wish to receive with a decision aid. Medically actionable information for diagnosis, disease risk estimation, disease prevention, and patient management are provided in a comprehensive genome report. Using a combination of bioinformatics software and custom tools, this article describes a pipeline for the analysis and reporting of genetic results to individuals with COVID-19, including HLA genotyping, large-scale continental ancestry estimation, and pharmacogenomic analysis to determine metabolizer status and drug response. In addition, this pipeline includes reporting of medically actionable conditions from comprehensive gene panels for Cardiology, Neurology, Metabolism, Hereditary Cancer, and Hereditary Kidney, and carrier screening for reproductive planning. Incorporated into the genome report are polygenic risk scores for six diseases-coronary artery disease; atrial fibrillation; type-2 diabetes; and breast, prostate, and colon cancer-as well as blood group genotyping analysis for ABO and Rh blood types and genotyping for other antigens of clinical relevance. The genome report summarizes the findings of these analyses in a way that extensively communicates clinically relevant results to patients and their physicians. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: HLA genotyping and disease association Basic Protocol 2: Large-scale continental ancestry estimation Basic Protocol 3: Dosage recommendations for pharmacogenomic gene variants associated with drug response Support Protocol: System setup.
Published: 2022

30. Comparative analysis of stress distribution around CFR‑PEEK implants and titanium implants with different prosthetic crowns: A finite element analysis

Author: Swapnil Kumar Tamrakar, Ramesh Chowdhary, Sunil Kumar Mishra, and Srinivas B Rao
Subjects: Dental Implants, Dental Stress Analysis, Titanium, Materials science, Crowns, Polymers, medicine.medical_treatment, Finite Element Analysis, chemistry.chemical_element, General Medicine, Crown (dentistry), Osseointegration, Stress (mechanics), Benzophenones, chemistry, Peek, medicine, Humans, von Mises yield criterion, Stress, Mechanical, Implant, Composite material, Dental implant, General Dentistry
Abstract: Background Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a new material that was introduced for the fabrication of implants and their superstructure along with other available materials. It is not yet known whether the carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFR‑PEEK) material can be used as an implant and its superstructure in place of titanium (Ti). Objectives The study evaluated stress distribution around CFR‑PEEK implants and Ti implants with 5 different prosthetic crowns. Material and methods A three-dimensional (3D) model of a bone block was created to represent the right maxillary premolar area with a bone-level implant system with 100% osseointegration, using the Ansys Workbench software, v. 15.0. In total, 10 3D finite element analysis (FEA) models were created. The models were divided into 2 groups according to the type of implant: the CFR‑PEEK group (n = 5); and the Ti group (n = 5). Each group was subdivided to imitate 5 different restorative crown materials (PEEK, zirconia, porcelain fused to metal (PFM), metal, and acrylic resin). Each implant model was loaded vertically (200 N) and obliquely (100 N). Stress distribution in the implants, the abutments, the cement layers, and the crowns was evaluated using the von Mises stress analysis. Maximum and minimum principal stress analyses were used to determine the stress generated in the bone. Results The CFR‑PEEK implants bore more stress in vertical and oblique loading as compared to the Ti implants. The stress generated in the bone with the CFR‑PEEK implants was similar to that generated with the Ti implants under vertical loading. Under oblique loading, less stress was transferred to the bone with the CFR‑PEEK implants as compared to the Ti implants, showing better adaptation of the CFR‑PEEK implants to lateral stress. Conclusions In this FEA study, the amount of stress generated within the bone in the case of the CFR‑PEEK implants with different restorative crowns was smaller in comparison with the Ti implants in oblique loading. This could help reduce lateral stress on implants as well as crestal bone loss.
Published: 2021
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31. Confirmation of interpersonal expectations is intrinsically rewarding

Author: Anoushka Chowdhary, Niv Reggev, and Jason P. Mitchell
Subjects: Value (ethics), stereotypes, AcademicSubjects/SCI01880, Cognitive Neuroscience, Original Manuscript, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Interpersonal communication, Nucleus Accumbens, 050105 experimental psychology, Task (project management), 03 medical and health sciences, value, 0302 clinical medicine, Consistency (negotiation), Neuroimaging, Reward, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Motivation, consistency, fMRI, 05 social sciences, Brain, NAcc, General Medicine, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Psychology, Social psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: People want to interact successfully with other individuals, and they invest significant efforts in attempting to do so. Decades of research have demonstrated that to simplify the dauntingly complex task of interpersonal communication, perceivers use stereotypes and other sources of prior knowledge to predict the responses of individuals in their environment. Here, we show that these top-down expectations can also shape the subjective value of expectation-consistent and expectation-violating targets. Specifically, in two neuroimaging experiments (n = 58), we observed increased activation in brain regions associated with reward processing—including the nucleus accumbens—when perceivers observed information consistent with their social expectations. In two additional behavioral experiments (n = 704), we observed that perceivers were willing to forgo money to encounter an expectation-consistent target and avoid an expectation-violating target. Together, these findings suggest that perceivers value having their social expectations confirmed, much like food or monetary rewards.
Published: 2021
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32. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy in clinical long-COVID-19 syndrome: a prospective case–control study

Author: Miroslawa Gorecka, Nicholas Jex, Sharmaine Thirunavukarasu, Amrit Chowdhary, Joanna Corrado, Jennifer Davison, Rachel Tarrant, Ana-Maria Poenar, Noor Sharrack, Amy Parkin, Manoj Sivan, Peter P. Swoboda, Hui Xue, Vassilios Vassiliou, Peter Kellman, Sven Plein, Stephen J. Halpin, Alexander D. Simms, John P. Greenwood, and Eylem Levelt
Subjects: Myocarditis, Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, Predictive Value of Tests, Case-Control Studies, Spectrum Analysis, COVID-19, Contrast Media, Humans, Gadolinium, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Abstract: Background The underlying pathophysiology of post-coronavirus disease 2019 (long-COVID-19) syndrome remains unknown, but increased cardiometabolic demand and state of mitochondrial dysfunction have emerged as candidate mechanisms. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) provides insight into pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cardiovascular disease and 31-phosphorus CMR spectroscopy (31P-CMRS) allows non-invasive assessment of the myocardial energetic state. The main aim of the study was to assess whether long COVID-19 syndrome is associated with abnormalities of myocardial structure, function, perfusion and energy metabolism. Methods Prospective case–control study. A total of 20 patients with a clinical diagnosis of long COVID-19 syndrome (seropositive) and no prior underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 10 matching healthy controls underwent 31P-CMRS and CMR at 3T at a single time point. All patients had been symptomatic with acute COVID-19, but none required hospital admission. Results Between the long COVID-19 syndrome patients and matched contemporary healthy controls there were no differences in myocardial energetics (phosphocreatine to ATP ratio), in cardiac structure (biventricular volumes), function (biventricular ejection fractions, global longitudinal strain), tissue characterization (T1 mapping and late gadolinium enhancement) or perfusion (myocardial rest and stress blood flow, myocardial perfusion reserve). One patient with long COVID-19 syndrome showed subepicardial hyperenhancement on late gadolinium enhancement imaging compatible with prior myocarditis, but no accompanying abnormality in cardiac size, function, perfusion, extracellular volume fraction, native T1, T2 or cardiac energetics. Conclusions In this prospective case–control study, the overwhelming majority of patients with a clinical long COVID-19 syndrome with no prior CVD did not exhibit any abnormalities in myocardial energetics, structure, function, blood flow or tissue characteristics.
Published: 2022

33. Home Blood Pressure monitoring: An economical, reliable, and convenient Tool over ambulatory Blood Pressure monitoring in Patients on Dialysis

Author: Kiran Maribashetti, Gurjeet Singh Chowdhary, G Varadaraj, and KS Shruthi
Subjects: Renal Dialysis, Hypertension, Humans, Blood Pressure, General Medicine, Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Abstract: Background: Hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients on dialysis. Blood pressure (BP) control is of paramount importance in reducing morbidity and mortality in this high-risk population, although there is no consensus on target BP. Ambulatory BP recording is considered gold standard in estimating the BP among patients on dialysis. But, ambulatory BP recording is cumbersome, not economical, and not easily available to Indian patients. Therefore, an easier and more convenient method has to be implemented to monitor the BP. Some studies demonstrated that home BP recordings may be promising in making a more accurate diagnosis of hypertension in hemodialysis patients. However, there is paucity of research that compares home-based BP monitoring with ambulatory BP recordings in patients on hemodialysis. The present study was thus planned to examine the hypothesis that out-of-dialysis unit BP measurement in the form of home-based measurement of BP is as efficacious as ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) in evaluating hypertension among patients on hemodialysis. Aim: To assess the accuracy of home-based BP monitoring in comparison to ABPM among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients on hemodialysis. Objective: To assess the ability of home-based BP monitoring to detect hypertension among CKD patients on hemodialysis. Materials and methods: This was a prospective observational study carried out in the Department of Medicine in a tertiary care hospital. The total duration of the study was 24 months. Fifty-two CKD patients on hemodialysis fulfilling the eligibility criteria were taken up for the study after informed consent. Blood pressure was measured using a standardized BP measuring equipment at home, thrice a day for 3 days in the interdialysis period. Also, all these patients were subjected to 24 hours of ABPM in the interdialysis period. Home-based BP monitoring records are then compared with the one-time ABPM records. All statistical calculations were done using computer programs Microsoft Excel 2007 (Microsoft Corporation, NY, USA) and SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions; SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA) version 21. Result: In our study, the mean awake, asleep, and average ABPM readings of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were 141.69/81.33, 139.39/80.04, and 141.23/80.67 mm Hg, respectively, while the mean SBP and DBP recorded on home-based measurements were 143.6 and 82.69 mm Hg, respectively. All the subjects showing mean SBP ≥140 mm Hg as per ABPM had home-based readings of above 140 mm Hg while 23 out of 27 patients (85.2%) with mean SBP
Published: 2022

34. Transcriptomics and Phenotyping Define Genetic Signatures Associated with Echinocandin Resistance in Candida auris

Author: Sabrina Jenull, Raju Shivarathri, Irina Tsymala, Philipp Penninger, Phan-Canh Trinh, Filomena Nogueira, Manju Chauhan, Ashutosh Singh, Andriy Petryshyn, Anton Stoiber, Anuradha Chowdhary, Neeraj Chauhan, and Karl Kuchler
Subjects: Echinocandins, Antifungal Agents, Drug Resistance, Fungal, Virology, Humans, Candidiasis, Invasive, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Candida auris, Transcriptome, Microbiology, Candida
Abstract: Candida auris emerged as a human fungal pathogen only during the past decade. Remarkably, C. auris displays high degrees of genomic diversity and phenotypic plasticity, with four major clades causing hospital outbreaks with high mortality and morbidity rates. C. auris can show clinical resistance to all classes of antifungal drugs, including echinocandins that are usually recommended as first-line therapies for invasive candidiasis. Here, we exploit transcriptomics coupled with phenotypic profiling to characterize a set of clinical C. auris isolates displaying pronounced echinocandin resistance (ECN-R). A hot spot mutation in the echinocandin
Published: 2022
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35. Synthesis, conformation and cytotoxic activity of short hybrid peptides containing conformationally constrained 1-(aminomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid and gabapentin

Author: Junaid Ur Rahim, Syed Mudabir Ahmad, Tanzeeba Amin, Rubina Chowdhary, Anindya Goswami, and Rajkishor Rai
Subjects: Models, Molecular, Physiology, Hydrogen Bonding, Breast Neoplasms, Crystallography, X-Ray, Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Endocrinology, HEK293 Cells, Humans, Female, Gabapentin, Amino Acids, Peptides
Abstract: The present work describes the synthesis,conformation and cytotoxic activities of short β/γ hybrid peptides, Boc-β
Published: 2022

36. Validation of time-resolved, automated peak trans-mitral velocity tracking: Two center four-dimensional flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance study

Author: Paul Njoku, Ciaran Grafton-Clarke, Hosamadin Assadi, Rebecca Gosling, Gareth Archer, Andrew J. Swift, Paul D Morris, Abdulaziz Albaraikan, Gareth Williams, Jos Westenberg, Jean-Paul Aben, Leon Ledoux, Samer Alabed, Marcus Flather, Donnie Cameron, Jordi Broncano Cabrero, Javier Royuela Del Val, Sunil Nair, Alisdair Ryding, Chris Sawh, Peter P. Swoboda, Eylem Levelt, Amrit Chowdhary, Vassilios Vassiliou, Liang Zhong, and Pankaj Garg
Subjects: Observer Variation, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Predictive Value of Tests, 4D flow CMR, Peak velocity quantification, Validation, Mitral valve, Humans, Reproducibility of Results, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Blood Flow Velocity
Abstract: Objective\ud \ud We aim to validate four-dimensional flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance (4D flow CMR) peak velocity tracking methods for measuring the peak velocity of mitral inflow against Doppler echocardiography.\ud \ud \ud \ud Method\ud \ud Fifty patients were recruited who had 4D flow CMR and Doppler Echocardiography. After transvalvular flow segmentation using established valve tracking methods, peak velocity was automatically derived using three-dimensional streamlines of transvalvular flow. In addition, a static-planar method was used at the tip of mitral valve to mimic Doppler technique.\ud \ud \ud \ud Results\ud \ud Peak E-wave mitral inflow velocity was comparable between TTE and the novel 4D flow automated dynamic method (0.9 ± 0.5 vs 0.94 ± 0.6 m/s; p = 0.29) however there was a statistically significant difference when compared with the static planar method (0.85 ± 0.5 m/s; p = 0.01). Median A-wave peak velocity was also comparable across TTE and the automated dynamic streamline (0.77 ± 0.4 vs 0.76 ± 0.4 m/s; p = 0.77). A significant difference was seen with the static planar method (0.68 ± 0.5 m/s; p = 0.04). E/A ratio was comparable between TTE and both the automated dynamic and static planar method (1.1 ± 0.7 vs 1.15 ± 0.5 m/s; p = 0.74 and 1.15 ± 0.5 m/s; p = 0.5 respectively). Both novel 4D flow methods showed good correlation with TTE for E-wave (dynamic method; r = 0.70; P < 0.001 and static-planar method; r = 0.67; P < 0.001) and A-wave velocity measurements (dynamic method; r = 0.83; P < 0.001 and static method; r = 0.71; P < 0.001). The automated dynamic method demonstrated excellent intra/inter-observer reproducibility for all parameters.\ud \ud \ud \ud Conclusion\ud \ud Automated dynamic peak velocity tracing method using 4D flow CMR is comparable to Doppler echocardiography for mitral inflow assessment and has excellent reproducibility for clinical use.
Published: 2022

37. US Primary Care vs Specialty Care Trainee Positions and Physician Incomes: Trends From 2001 to 2019

Author: Vinayak Muralidhar, Gavin P. Jones, Mudit Chowdhary, George M. Holmes, and Trevor J. Royce
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Specialty, Graduate medical education, Primary care, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physicians, Health care, medicine, Health insurance, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Sensitivity analyses, Original Research, Primary Health Care, business.industry, Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, Internship and Residency, General Medicine, United States, stomatognathic diseases, Family medicine, Income growth, Family Practice, business
Abstract: Background Much of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and subsequent US health care policies were designed to address deficiencies in health care access and enhance primary care services. How residency positions and physician incomes have changed in the post-ACA era is not well characterized. Objective We evaluated the growth of US trainee positions and physician income, in the pre- vs post-ACA environment by specialty and among primary care vs specialty care. Methods Total resident complement by specialty and year was extracted from the National Graduate Medical Education (GME) Census and stratified into primary care vs specialty care. Median incomes were extracted from Medical Group Management Association surveys. Piecewise linear regression with interaction terms (pre-ACA, 2001–2010, vs post-ACA, 2011–2019) assessed growth rate by specialty and growth rate differences between primary care and specialty care. Sensitivity analyses were performed by focusing on family medicine and excluding additional GME positions contributed by the introduction of the 2015 single GME accreditation system. Results Resident complements increased for primary care (+0.16%/year pre-ACA to +2.06%/year post-ACA, P < .001) and specialty care (+1.49%/year to +2.07%/year, P = .005). Specialty care growth outpaced primary care pre-ACA (P < .001) but not post-ACA (P = .10). Family medicine had the largest increase in the pre- vs post-ACA era (-0.77%/year vs +2.09%/year, P < .001). Excluding positions contributed by the single GME accreditation system transition did not result in any statistically significant changes to the findings. Income growth increased for primary care (+0.84%/year to +1.37%/year, P = .044), but decreased for specialty care (+1.44%/year to +0.49%/year, P = .011). Specialty care income growth outpaced primary care pre-ACA (P < .001), but not post-ACA (P = .22). Conclusions We found significant growth differences in resident complement and income among primary care versus specialty care in the pre-/post-ACA eras.
Published: 2021
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38. Predictors of Outcomes in Patients With Mild Ischemic Stroke Symptoms: MaRISS

Author: Jose G. Romano, Hannah Gardener, Iszet Campo-Bustillo, Yosef Khan, Sofie Tai, Nikesha Riley, Eric E. Smith, Ralph L. Sacco, Pooja Khatri, Heather M. Alger, Brian Mac Grory, Deepak Gulati, Navdeep S. Sangha, Jeffrey M. Craig, Karin E. Olds, Curtis G. Benesch, Adam G. Kelly, Scott S. Brehaut, Amit C. Kansara, Lee H. Schwamm, Mayumi Oka, Christina Roels, Cherylee W. J. Chang, Jennifer Moran, Nicholas Lanciano, Charles E. Romero, David Salvatore, Neel Shah, Rodney Leacock, Angel Rochester, Jerry C. Martin, Vikas Grover, Maheen Malik, William R. Logan, Muhib A Khan, Arun Babu, Jestin Carlson, Gabriel Vidal, Jennifer Lynch, Kathryn Kirchoff, Jennifer Rasmussen-Winkler, Gary Thompson, Stephen Martino, Gillian L. Gordon-Perue, Kasey Gildersleeve, Timothy C. Parsons, John W. Chen, David Lombardi, Amer Malik, Amy Guzik, Robert Hoesch, Dorothea Altschul, Miran Salgado, Indrani Acosta, Terry A. Neill, Abhineet Chowdhary, Jose Rafael Romero, Refat Assad, Rebecca Sugg, Muhammad M. Alvi, Jonathan Hartman, Ankur Garg, Curtis Given, Jeffrey Hilburn, Christopher Commichau, Changsoo Hahm, Angel Pulido, Nima Ramezan-Arab, Anna Khanna, Armistead Williams, Ratna Reddy, Bhupat Desai, Laurence Ufford, Keith O. Jones, Elizabeth H. Wise, Gauhar Chaudhary, Joseph Hanna, Franklin Marden, Ajay Arora, Raymond Reichwein, Kelly Matmati, Kumiko Owada, Ashish Masih, Larry Shepherd, Stephen Gancher, Matthew Smith, Joseph Mazzola, Edward Plyler, James Napier, Amer Alshekhlee, Tarakad Ramachandran, Michael Jorolemon, David, Padalino Collin Maloney, Laxmi P. Dhakal, Truman J. Milling, Harish Shownkeen, Paul A. Cullis, Sajjad Mueed, Steven R. Levine, Kanwal Nayyar, Rose Dotson, Elisheva Coleman, Rajan Gadhia, Paul W. Lewis, Rehan Sajjad, Angelos Katramados, Rashmikant Kothari, Fen Lei Chang, Kinjal Desai, Gary Reese, Ashu Jadhav, Jeffrey Saver, Janice A. Miller, and Matthew S. Tenser
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Sex Factors, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, In patient, Prospective Studies, cardiovascular diseases, Stroke, Aged, Ischemic Stroke, Aged, 80 and over, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, business.industry, Age Factors, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Ischemic Attack, Transient, Tissue Plasminogen Activator, Ischemic stroke, Quality of Life, Female, Neurology (clinical), Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Background and Purpose: Although most strokes present with mild symptoms, these have been poorly represented in clinical trials. The objective of this study is to describe multidimensional outcomes, identify predictors of worse outcomes, and explore the effect of thrombolysis in this population. Methods: This prospective observational study included patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, a baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score 0 to 5, presenting within 4.5 hours from symptom onset. The primary outcome was a 90-day modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 1; secondary outcomes included good outcomes in the Barthel Index, Stroke Impact Scale-16, and European Quality of Life. Multivariable models were created to determine predictors of outcomes and the effect of alteplase. Results: A total of 1765 participants were included from 100 Get With The Guidelines-Stroke participating hospitals (age, 65±14; 42% women; final diagnosis of ischemic stroke, 90%; transient ischemic attack, 10%; 57% received alteplase). At 90 days, 37% were disabled and 25% not independent. Worse outcomes were noted for older individuals, women, non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics, Medicaid recipients, smokers, those with diabetes, atrial fibrillation, prior stroke, higher baseline NIHSS, visual field defects, and extremity weakness. Similar outcomes were noted for the alteplase-treated and untreated groups. Alteplase-treated patients were younger (64±13 versus 67±1.4) with higher NIHSS (2.9±1.4 versus 1.7±1.4). After adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and baseline NIHSS, we did not identify an effect of alteplase on the primary outcome but did find an association with Stroke Impact Scale-16 in the restricted sample of baseline NIHSS score 3–5. Few symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhages were recorded ( Conclusions: A large proportion of stroke patients presenting with low NIHSS have a disabled outcome. Baseline predictors of worse outcomes are described. An effect of alteplase on outcomes was not identified in the overall cohort, but a suggestion of efficacy was noted in the NIHSS 3–5 subgroup. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT02072681.
Published: 2021
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39. Patch testing with expired Indian patch test kits: Results of a pilot study

Author: Niharika Dhattarwal, Vikram K Mahajan, Anuj Sharma, Yog Raj Verma, Karaninder S Mehta, Monika Chandel, Pushpinder S Chauhan, Hitender Sharma, and Bhumika Chowdhary
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, India, Pilot Projects, Dermatology, Patch testing, Internal medicine, Paraphenylene diamine, medicine, Humans, Contact allergens, Fragrance mix, Allergic contact dermatitis, Aged, Not evaluated, business.industry, Patch test, Allergens, Middle Aged, Patch Tests, medicine.disease, Thiuram mix, Infectious Diseases, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact, Female, business
Abstract: Background: The reliability of patch testing with expired Indian standard patch test kits has been not evaluated before. Methods: Thirty adults (men:women 25:5) with allergic contact dermatitis were divided into three groups of ten patients each for patch testing by Finn chamber® method using Indian standard patch test kits having expiry in 2016, 2015 and 2014. The results were compared with those from a new kit with 2018 expiry. Results: Ten patients in group-1, eight patients in group-2 and seven patients in group-3 developed positive reactions of identical intensities and mostly from identical allergens from all four kits. The major contact allergens eliciting positive reactions of identical intensities were parthenium in nine, five and three patients, colophony in four, one and zero patients, fragrance mix in three, three and one patients, thiuram mix in three, one and one patients, and paraphenylene diamine in two, one and three patients from group-1,-2, and -3, respectively. Limitations: Small number of patients in each group remains the major limitation of the study. Whether or not these results can be extrapolated with patch test results from other similar patch test kits available across countries also needs confirmation. Conclusion: The patch test allergens can be used beyond labeled expiry dates but needs confirmation by a few large studies and using other available patch test kits. This is important as the relevance of patch test results for individual allergen in this scenario may remain debatable requiring careful interpretation.
Published: 2021
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40. Taxonomy of the Trichophyton mentagrophytes/T. interdigitale Species Complex Harboring the Highly Virulent, Multiresistant Genotype T. indotineae

Author: Hazal Kandemir, Chao Tang, Silke Uhrlass, G. Sybren de Hoog, Shyam B Verma, Jacques F. Meis, Anuradha Chowdhary, Rameshwari Thakur, Sarah A. Ahmed, Pietro Nenoff, Yingqian Kang, and Xue Kong
Subjects: Homothallism, Genetics, Species complex, Trichophyton indotineae, Antifungal Agents, Genotype, Veterinary (miscellaneous), Virulence, Outbreak, India, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiology, Trichophyton, Dermatophytosis, Humans, Taxonomy (biology), Original Article, Agronomy and Crop Science, Geophilic, Multiresistance
Abstract: A severe outbreak of highly virulent and multi-resistant dermatophytosis by species in the Trichophyton mentagrophytes/T. interdigitale complex is ongoing in India. The correct identity of the etiologic agent is a much-debated issue. In order to define species limits, a taxonomic study was undertaken combining molecular, morphological, and physiological characteristics as evidence of classification. Molecular characteristics show that T. mentagrophytes s. str. and T. interdigitale s. str. can be distinguished with difficulty from each other, but are unambiguously different from the Indian genotype, T. indotineae by sequences of the HMG gene. The entities were confirmed by multilocus analysis using tanglegrams. Phenotypic characters of morphology and physiology are not diagnostic, but statistically significant differences are observed between the molecular siblings. These properties may be drivers of separate evolutionary trends. Trichophyton mentagrophytes represents the ancestral, homothallic cloud of genotypes with a probable geophilic lifestyle, while T. indotineae and T. interdigitale behave as anthropophilic, clonal offshoots. The origin of T. indotineae, which currently causes a significant public health problem, is zoonotic, and its emergence is likely due to widespread misuse of antifungals.
Published: 2021

41. Acute Microstructural Changes after ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Assessed with Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Author: Nicholas Jex, Arka Das, John P Greenwood, Amrit Chowdhary, Irvin Teh, Christopher Kelly, Sebastian Kozerke, Pei G. Chew, Peter P Swoboda, Christian T. Stoeck, Jürgen E. Schneider, Louise A. E. Brown, Eylem Levelt, Christopher E.D. Saunderson, Thomas P. Craven, Sven Plein, and Erica Dall'Armellina
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Internal medicine, Fractional anisotropy, Humans, Medicine, ST segment, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Prospective Studies, cardiovascular diseases, Myocardial infarction, Systole, Prospective cohort study, Ventricular remodeling, Ejection fraction, Ventricular Remodeling, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, cardiovascular system, Cardiology, Anisotropy, ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Female, business, Diffusion MRI
Abstract: Background Cardiac diffusion tensor imaging (cDTI) allows for in vivo characterization of myocardial microstructure. In cDTI, mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy (FA)-markers of magnitude and anisotropy of diffusion of water molecules-are known to change after myocardial infarction. However, little is known about regional changes in helix angle (HA) and secondary eigenvector angle (E2A), which reflects orientations of laminar sheetlets, and their association with long-term recovery of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Purpose To assess serial changes in cDTI biomarkers in participants following ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and to determine their associations with long-term left ventricular remodeling. Materials and Methods In this prospective study, 30 participants underwent cardiac MRI (3 T) after STEMI at 5 days and 3 months after reperfusion (National Institute of Health Research study no. 33963 and Research Ethics no. REC17/YH/0062). Spin-echo cDTI with second-order motion-compensation (approximate duration, 13 minutes; three sections; 18 noncollinear diffusion-weighted scans with b values of 100 sec/mm2 [three acquisitions], 200 sec/mm2 [three acquisitions], and 500 sec/mm2 [12 acquisitions]), functional images, and late gadolinium enhancement images were obtained. Multiple regression analysis was used to assess associations between acute cDTI parameters and 3-month LVEF. Results Acutely infarcted myocardium had reduced FA, E2A, and myocytes with right-handed orientation (RHM) on HA maps compared with remote myocardium (mean remote FA = 0.36 ± 0.02 [standard deviation], mean infarcted FA = 0.25 ± 0.03, P < .001; mean remote E2A = 55° ± 9, mean infarcted E2A = 49° ± 10, P < .001; mean remote RHM = 16% ± 6, mean infarcted RHM = 9% ± 5, P < .001). All three parameters (FA, E2A, and RHM) correlated with 3-month LVEF (r = 0.68, r = 0.59, and r = 0.53, respectively), with acute FA being independently predictive of 3-month LVEF (standardized β = 0.56, P = .008) after multivariable analysis adjusting for factors, including acute LVEF and infarct size. Conclusion After ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, diffusion becomes more isotropic in acutely infarcted myocardium as reflected by decreased fractional anisotropy. Reductions in secondary eigenvector angle suggest that the myocardial sheetlets are unable to adopt their usual steep orientations in systole, whereas reductions in myocytes with right-handed orientation on helix angle maps are likely reflective of a loss of organization among subendocardial myocytes. Correlations between these parameters and 3-month left ventricular ejection fraction highlight the potential clinical use of cardiac diffusion tensor imaging after myocardial infarction in predicting long-term remodeling. © RSNA, 2021 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
Published: 2021
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42. The Geography of Employment Outcomes for Radiation Oncology Graduates in 2019

Author: Robert J. Amdur, Trevor J. Royce, Mudit Chowdhary, A. Parekh, Matthew Culbert, Chelain R. Goodman, and James E. Bates
Subjects: Employment, Cancer Research, Population, Distribution (economics), 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Information asymmetry, Rurality, Geographical distance, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, education, education.field_of_study, Radiation, Geography, business.industry, Radiation Oncologists, Internship and Residency, Metropolitan area, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Geocoding, Radiation Oncology, Position (finance), Demographic economics, business
Abstract: Purpose The geographic distribution of practicing radiation oncologists is of concern for multiple stakeholders within the field. Employment outcomes of graduating residents can affect that distribution, and they are of major concern to current residents. Data investigating employment outcomes of recent graduates are sparse. We aimed to analyze the employment outcomes of the radiation oncology residency class of 2019. Methods and Materials Using publicly available information, we identified the employment of 179 of 183 graduating residents in the class of 2019. For each, the place of employment, residency program, and medical school were geocoded using Google Maps. We used the rural-urban continuum code (RUCC) published by the United States Department of Agriculture to determine the rurality of each location and compared employment outcomes by RUCC and program size. Results Two thirds of graduates (66%) took a position in a county within a metropolitan area with a population greater than 1,000,000 people; only 3.4% took a position in a county outside of a metropolitan area. Graduates of smaller programs (≤6 residents) and those in smaller metropolitan areas were more likely to take positions in smaller metropolitan areas or nonmetropolitan areas. The geographic distance between location of employment and residency program did not significantly vary by program size or size of metropolitan area where a residency program was located. Conclusions Among the class of 2019, a small proportion took positions in nonmetropolitan areas. Smaller programs and those in smaller metropolitan areas may be more likely to produce graduates that practice in similar settings, but those graduates might not do so locally. We advocate for a centralized, prospective data collection of employment outcomes for graduating residents to refine these analyses and to reduce employment prospect information asymmetry for trainees.
Published: 2021
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43. Radiation Oncology Resident Quality by National Resident Matching Program Metrics From 2007 to 2018

Author: Mudit Chowdhary, Simul D. Parikh, Trevor J. Royce, Rahul D. Tendulkar, and Anna Lee
Subjects: Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Matching (statistics), media_common.quotation_subject, education, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Statistical significance, Radiation oncology, Linear regression, Humans, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Quality (business), media_common, Radiation, business.industry, Internship and Residency, United States, Confidence interval, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Family medicine, Linear Models, Radiation Oncology, Clinical Competence, business, Licensure, Student's t-test
Abstract: To quantify how the quality of US medical students accepted to radiation oncology (RO) training programs, as defined by National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) metrics, has changed over time.We examined NRMP data of senior US medical students matched into RO training programs from 2007 to 2018. Metrics include United States Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE) Step 1 and 2-Clinical Knowledge scores, research output, percentage with PhD, and percentage in Alpha Omega Alpha (AOA), among others. Linear regression analysis assessed the statistical significance of changes in available metrics of matched RO residents over time. The Student t test and χFrom 2007 to 2018, the mean USMLE Step 1 and 2-Clinical Knowledge for RO residents significantly increased from 235 to 247 (1.0 point/year; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.70-1.52; P = .002) and from 237 to 253 (1.3 points/year; 95% CI, 1.27-1.62; P.001), respectively. The mean number of research experiences and abstracts/presentations/publications increased from 3.7 to 6.1 (0.2/year; 95% CI, 0.12-0.29; P = .003) and from 6.3 to 15.6 (0.78/year; 95% CI, 0.60-1.04; P.001), respectively. The percentage of RO residents inducted into AOA increased from 24.2% to 35.2%, whereas those with a PhD remained stable (∼21%). Matched RO residents had statistically superior metrics versus all other specialties for USMLE Step 1 scores (mean +13.5 points; 95% CI, 7.26-19.67; P.001), research experience (mean +2.04; 95% CI, 1.11-2.97; P.001), abstracts/presentations/publications (mean +6.80; 95% CI, 3.38-10.22; P = .001), percentage with a PhD (22.2% vs 4.1%; P.001), and percentage in AOA (29.5% vs 15.8%; P.001).RO resident quality, defined by routinely reported NRMP metrics, increased from 2007 to 2018. Furthermore, RO resident quality is significantly higher than in all other specialties combined for most metrics. Whether the recent decline in medical student interest in RO will correlate with reduced NRMP quality metrics is unknown.
Published: 2021
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44. In vitroactivity of the novel antifungal olorofim against dermatophytes and opportunistic moulds includingPenicilliumandTalaromycesspecies

Author: Prerna Singh, Jacques F. Meis, Anuradha Chowdhary, and Ashutosh Singh
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Antifungal Agents, Talaromyces, Luliconazole, India, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Alternaria alternata, Piperazines, Microbiology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Acetamides, Humans, AcademicSubjects/MED00740, Pyrroles, Pharmacology (medical), Trichophyton, Original Research, Pharmacology, Aspergillus, biology, Arthrodermataceae, Penicillium, Alternaria, biology.organism_classification, Pyrimidines, AcademicSubjects/MED00290, Infectious Diseases, chemistry, AcademicSubjects/MED00230
Abstract: ObjectivesOlorofim is a novel antifungal agent with in vitro activity against Aspergillus and other opportunistic moulds. We investigated the in vitro activity of olorofim against a range of filamentous fungi comprising isolates of Aspergillus species, Scedosporium species, Alternaria alternata, dermatophytes, including terbinafine- and multidrug-resistant Trichophyton species, and Penicillium/Talaromyces species originating from patients in North India.MethodsAntifungal susceptibility of olorofim was tested against 241 mould isolates of Penicillium/Talaromyces species, Trichophyton species, A. fumigatus and cryptic Aspergillus species, Scedosporium species, and Alternaria alternata using CLSI broth microdilution. The comparators were five systemic azoles, amphotericin B, terbinafine, and luliconazole.ResultsOverall, olorofim showed highly potent in vitro activity against dermatophytes and opportunistic moulds (MIC range of 0.004–0.125 mg/L) except for Alternaria alternata. Penicillium, and Talaromyces species and Trichophyton species exhibited a low geometric mean (GM) MIC (GM 0.027 mg/L and 0.015 mg/L, respectively) of olorofim. Importantly, a 2–12 dilution step decrease in in vitro activity of olorofim as compared with azoles was observed against Penicillium and Talaromyces. Notably, olorofim displayed potent in vitro activity against Trichophyton isolates including terbinafine-resistant and azole-resistant Trichophyton mentagrophytes/interdigitale with a modal MIC value of 0.008 mg/L. Further, azole-resistant A. fumigatus isolates harbouring mutations in azole target Cyp51A genes and several cryptic aspergilli displayed low MICs (range 0.004–0.03 mg/L) of olorofim. However, no in vitro activity of olorofim against Alternaria alternata was observed.ConclusionsThe potent in vitro activity of olorofim against drug-resistant dermatophytes and opportunistic moulds is promising, warranting evaluation of the clinical utility of olorofim.
Published: 2021
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45. Use of Facebow device in prosthodontics: A systematic review on randomized control trials

Author: Vijyanta Suman, Nithin Kumar Sonnahalli, and Ramesh Chowdhary
Subjects: medicine.medical_treatment, Dentistry, Review, Prosthodontics, Prosthesis, law.invention, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Patient satisfaction, Randomized controlled trial, law, medicine, Extraoral Traction Appliances, Humans, arbitrary face-bow, face-bow, General Dentistry, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Protocol (science), Cochrane collaboration, Denture, Complete, business.industry, Reproducibility of Results, 030206 dentistry, complete denture, lcsh:RK1-715, Prosthodontic rehabilitation, face-bow transfer, lcsh:Dentistry, Quality of Life, Oral Surgery, Dentures, business
Abstract: Aim: Recording the maxillomandibular relationship is important in various prosthodontic treatments. Evidence of face-bow transfer resulting in improved outcome is conflicting. Hence the objective of this study is to determine the use of face-bow transfer in prosthodontics. Settings and Design:: Systematic review based on PRISMA guidelines. Materials and Methods: A protocol was developed prior, which covered all aspects of the review. The databases explored were MEDLINE database, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane collaboration library. The PICO model included participants who received a complete denture/partial denture prosthesis. Intervention was the use of the face-bow device. Comparator was prosthesis made with a simple procedure of not using a face-bow device for prosthodontic rehabilitation. Outcomes were patient satisfaction with dentures, the stability of the dentures, esthetics, and time taken for clinical and laboratory procedures. Only randomized clinical trials were included in this study. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed according to the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Statistical Analysis Used: Qualitative analysis. Results: A total of 144 articles were identified. On excluding 4 duplicates and screening the title and abstracts of the rest of the records based on exclusion criteria only 15 studies were selected for review. Conclusions: The use of the face-bow did not yield superior results for the quality of the prosthesis. Therefore, there is no evidence for the utility of face-bow transfer in complete denture treatment. However, no inference could be drawn for its utility in partial denture prosthodontics as there was no study to draw an inference.
Published: 2021

46. A Comprehensive Systematic Review of CSF analysis that defines Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19

Author: Jenil Patel, Anisa Chowdhary, Viral Patel, Shitiz Sriwastava, Maha Daimee, Saurabh Kataria, Tejas R. Mehta, Medha Tandon, Shruti Jaiswal, and Apoorv Prasad
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Oligoclonal bands, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Leukocytosis, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Lymphocyte, 030106 microbiology, Review, COVID-19, Coronavirus infectious disease-2019, GBS, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, SARS-CoV-2, Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome coronavirus 2, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cerebrospinal fluid, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, 030212 general & internal medicine, Pleocytosis, CSF albumin, CSF, Cerebrospinal fluid, nCov, NovelCoronavirus, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, General Medicine, Pathophysiology, NFL, Neurofilament Light Chain, RT-PCR, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, CSF cell count, MERS, MiddleEast Respiratory Syndrome, CNS, Central Nervous System, medicine.anatomical_structure, Infectious Diseases, Peripheral nervous system, IDSA/ATS, Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society, PNS, Peripheral Nervous System, CSF Protein, Nervous System Diseases, business
Abstract: Background Limited literature exists on Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings in COVID-19 patients with neurological symptoms. In this review, we conducted a descriptive analysis of CSF findings in patients with COVID-19 to understand prognosis and explore therapeutic options. Methods We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases using the keywords “SARS-CoV-2 in cerebrospinal fluid” and “SARS-CoV-2 and CNS Complications”" for reports of CSF findings in COVID-19 related neurological manifestations. Descriptive analyses were conducted to observe the CSF protein and cell counts based on age, gender, severity, fatality of COVID-19, and whether central (CNS) or peripheral nervous system (PNS) was associated. Results A total of 113 patients were identified from 67 studies. Of these, 7 patients (6.2%) were fatal COVID-19 cases and 35 patients (31%) were considered severe COVID-19 cases. CSF protein was elevated in 100% (7/7) of the fatal cases with an average of 61.28 mg/dl and in 65.0% (52/80) in non-fatal cases with an average 56.73 mg/dl. CSF protein levels were elevated in 74.5% (38/51) patients with non-severe COVID-19 and 68.6% (24/35) in those with a severe COVID-19 infection. CSF cell count was increased in 43% of fatal cases, 25.7% severe cases, and 29.4% of non-severe cases. Conclusion Our analysis showed that the most common CSF findings situation in COVID-19 infection is elevated protein with, very occasionally, mild lymphocyte predominant pleocytosis. Further studies to elucidate the pathophysiology of neurological complications in COVID-19 are recommended.
Published: 2021

47. Feasibility and acceptability of a Whole-Body hyperthermia (WBH) protocol

Author: Ekaterina V. Guvva, Danou Veasna, Sarah M. Fisher, Anoushka Chowdhary, Sean B. Fender, Charles L. Raison, Ashley E. Mason, and Erin Floyd
Subjects: Adult, Hyperthermia, Oncology, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Physiology, depressive symptoms, acceptability, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, Medical technology, medicine, Humans, R855-855.5, Depressive symptoms, Depressive Disorder, Major, business.industry, Temperature, Hyperthermia, Induced, medicine.disease, Feasibility Studies, Major depressive disorder, business, Whole body, body temperature, whole-body hyperthermia, feasibility
Abstract: Background Whole-body hyperthermia (WBH) has shown promise as a non-pharmacologic treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) in prior trials that used a medical (infrared) hyperthermia device. Further evaluation of WBH as a treatment for MDD has, however, been stymied by regulatory challenges. Objective We examined whether a commercially available infrared sauna device without FDA-imposed limitations could produce the degree of core body temperature (101.3 °F) associated with reduced depressive symptoms in prior WBH studies. We also assessed the frequency of adverse events and the amount of time needed to achieve this core body temperature. We explored changes (pre-post WBH) in self-reported mood and affect. Methods Twenty-five healthy adults completed a single WBH session lasting up to 110 min in a commercially available sauna dome (Curve Sauna Dome). We assessed core body temperature rectally during WBH, and mood and affect at timepoints before and after WBH. Results All participants achieved the target core body temperature (101.3 °F). On average, it took participants 82.12 min (SD = 11.3) to achieve this temperature (range: 61–110 min), and WBH ended after a participant maintained 101.3 °F for two consecutive minutes. In exploratory analyses of changes in mood and affect, we found that participants evidenced reductions (t[24] = 2.03, M diff = 1.00, p=.054, 95% CI [−2.02,0.02]) in self-reported depression symptoms from 1 week pre- to 1 week post-WBH, and reductions (t[24]= −2.93, M diff= −1.72, p=.007, 95% CI [−2.93, −0.51]) in self-reported negative affect pre-post-WBH session. Conclusion This novel WBH protocol holds promise in further assessing the utility of WBH in MDD treatment. Trial registration This trial was registered at clinicaltrivals.gov (NCT04249700).
Published: 2021
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48. Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy in Infants Less than One Year of Age: A Short Series of 14 Cases

Author: SP Sharma, Sarita Chowdhary, Pranaya Kumar Panigrahi, Shiv Prasad Sharma, and Manoj Kumar Yadav
Subjects: Ventriculostomy, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Cerebrospinal fluid, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Child, Prospective cohort study, Retrospective Studies, Third Ventricle, business.industry, Endoscopic third ventriculostomy, Infant, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Hydrocephalus, Surgery, Shunt (medical), Treatment Outcome, Aqueductal stenosis, Neuroendoscopy, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Etiology, Neurology (clinical), business
Abstract: Background: Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is currently considered as an alternative to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt systems in the treatment of obstructive hydrocephalus. This procedure allows the CSF to drain in the basal cisterns and reabsorbed by arachnoid granulations, and avoiding implantation of exogenous material. Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the success rate of ETV in infants less than 1 year of age with congenital noncommunicating hydrocephalus. Material and Methods: This study was a 2-year prospective study from August 2017 to July 2019. ETVs were performed in 14 patients younger than 1 year with diagnosis of noncommunicating hydrocephalous. A failure was defined as the need for shunt implantation after ETV. Phase-contrast MRI of the brain was done after 6 months to see patency of ETV fenestration and CSF flow through ventriculostomy. Results: ETV was tried in 18 patients and successfully performed in 14 patients. Out of the 14 patients, shunt implantation after ETV was performed in 3 patients (failed ETV). In the successful cases, etiology was idiopathic aqueductal stenosis in 8, shunt complications in 2, and 1 case was a follow-up case of occipital encephalocele; the mean age was 7.7 months (range 3–12). In the 3 failed cases, etiology was aqueductal stenosis, mean age was 7.6 months (range 3–11). In all ETVs, failed patients MPVP shunting was done. Follow-up of nonshunted patients was done from 6 to 24 months (mean 15 months). There was no mortality or permanent morbidity noted following ETV. Conclusion: ETV is a good surgical procedure for less than 1-year-old children.
Published: 2021
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49. Comparative Transcriptomics Reveal Possible Mechanisms of Amphotericin B Resistance in Candida auris

Author: Raju Shivarathri, Sabrina Jenull, Manju Chauhan, Ashutosh Singh, Rounik Mazumdar, Anuradha Chowdhary, Karl Kuchler, and Neeraj Chauhan
Subjects: Pharmacology, Antifungal Agents, Candidiasis, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Candida auris, Lipids, Infectious Diseases, Mechanisms of Resistance, Drug Resistance, Fungal, Amphotericin B, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Transcriptome, Candida
Abstract: Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant human fungal pathogen often refractory to treatment by all classes of antifungal drugs. Amphotericin B (AmB) is a fungicidal drug that, despite its toxic side effects, remains a drug of choice for the treatment of drug-resistant fungal infections, including those caused by C. auris. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying AmB resistance are poorly understood. In this study, we present data that suggests membrane lipid alterations and chromatin modifications are critical processes that may contribute to or cause adaptive AmB resistance in clinical C. auris isolates. To determine the plausible cause of increased AmB resistance, we performed RNA-seq of AmB-resistant and sensitive C. auris isolates. Remarkably, AmB-resistant strains show a pronounced enrichment of genes involved in lipid and ergosterol biosynthesis, adhesion, drug transport as well as chromatin remodeling. The transcriptomics data confirm increased adhesion and reduced lipid membrane permeability of AmB-resistant strains compared to the sensitive isolates. The AmB-resistant strains also display hyper-resistance to cell wall perturbing agents, including Congo red, calcofluor white and caffeine. Additionally, we noticed an increased phosphorylation of Mkc1 cell integrity MAP kinase upon AmB treatment. Collectively, these data identify differences in the transcriptional landscapes of AmB-resistant versus AmB-sensitive isolates and provide a framework for the mechanistic understanding of AmB resistance in C. auris.
Published: 2022
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50. Isolation of Candida auris in Clinical Specimens

Author: Anamika, Yadav, Ashutosh, Singh, and Anuradha, Chowdhary
Subjects: Antifungal Agents, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, Candidiasis, Humans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida auris, Candida
Abstract: Candida auris is a multidrug-resistant yeast causing healthcare-associated outbreaks of blood stream infections worldwide. Currently, C. auris isolation and identification is complicated by issues such as misidentification and long turnaround time associated with application of commonly used diagnostic tools. Based on phenotypic characteristics, differentiation of C. auris from related Candida haemulonii complex spp. is problematic. Candida auris can be misidentified using biochemical-based systems such as VITEK 2 YST, API 20C, BD Phoenix yeast identification system, and MicroScan. C. auris growth at 42 °C and in the presence of 10% NaCl helps in presumptive identification of this yeast from related Candida haemulonii complex spp. A new CHROMagar™ Candida Plus agar is an excellent alternative to current conventional mycological media for the screening of patients colonized/infected with Candida auris. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) can differentiate C. auris from other Candida species, but not all the reference databases included in MALDI-TOF devices allow for detection. Currently, accurate identification of C. auris can be performed using the updated FDA-approved libraries or "research use-only" libraries. Molecular techniques have greatly enhanced the diagnosis of C. auris. Sequencing of rDNA genetic loci, namely, internal transcribed spacer and D1/D2 region of large subunit (LSU), and PCR/qPCR assays has successfully been applied for identification of C. auris. Real-time PCR assays bear incomparable potential of being the most efficient tool for high-throughput screening of surveillance samples. If properly validated, they can deliver the diagnostic result within several hours, since the DNA can be isolated directly from the patient specimen without the need of obtaining a colony. In this chapter we detailed the isolation of Candida auris from various clinical specimens and its currently available identification methods and hitches.
Published: 2022

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