1. Triple-negative breast cancer: promising prognostic biomarkers currently in development
- Author
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Maryam B. Lustberg, Jasmine Sukumar, Nicole Williams, Dionisia Quiroga, and Kelly Gast
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Notch signaling pathway ,Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Circulating tumor cell ,Breast cancer ,breast cancer ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,Medicine ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Epidermal growth factor receptor ,predictive ,Molecular Targeted Therapy ,PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway ,Triple-negative breast cancer ,triple-negative ,biology ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Prognosis ,Androgen receptor ,Survival Rate ,030104 developmental biology ,Oncology ,Fibroblast growth factor receptor ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cancer research ,biology.protein ,Female ,business ,prognostic ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Introduction: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive type of breast cancer associated with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Validated prognostic and predictive biomarkers are needed to guide treatment decisions and prognostication. Areas covered: In this review, we discuss established and developing prognostic and predictive biomarkers in TNBC and associated emerging and approved therapies. Biomarkers reviewed include epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), androgen receptor, NOTCH signaling, oxidative stress/redox signaling, microRNAs, TP53 mutation, breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 or 2 (BRCA1/2) mutation/homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), NTRK gene fusion, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, immune biomarkers (programmed death-ligand 1 (PDL1), tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), tumor mutational burden (TMB), neoantigens, defects in DNA mismatch repair proteins (dMMR)/microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H)), circulating tumor cells/cell-free DNA, novel targets of antibody-drug conjugates, and residual disease. Expert opinion: Biomarker-driven care in the management of TNBC is increasing and has helped expand options for patients diagnosed with this subtype of breast cancer. Research efforts are ongoing to identify additional biomarkers and targeted treatment options with the ultimate goal of improving clinical outcomes and survivorship. more...
- Published
- 2021