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A 37-year-old man with no known comorbidities presented to our department with complaints of left eye proptosis and diminution of vision for 1 month and left facial swelling for the past 2 years. He underwent left-sided nasal surgery thrice—functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) in 2018

A 53-year-old man presented to the accident and emergency department with sudden onset left-sided facial nerve palsy and a 4-day history of progressive bilateral facial swelling. There is no history of any previous medical conditions, trauma or recent travel. What is the most likely Diagnosis seen in figures 1 and 2? 1. Bell’s Palsy. 2. Stroke. 3. Vasculitis. 4. Parotid abscess. For question see page 02 Figure 1 Patient presentation with bilateral facial swellings and facial nerve palsy. Figure 2 Clinical findings when …

INTRODUCTION: Adverse events associated with vaccine administration can manifest in the oral cavity and orofacial region. Hence, the aim of this study was to compare the orofacial adverse effects of two recently authorised COVID-19 vaccines, namely BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273. METHODS: Publicly available data on BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccines were accessed from the relevant regulatory authorities in the United States, Canada, European Union and United Kingdom. Both patient/recipient information and healthcare professional fact sheets for each of these drugs were manually searched to find their orofacial adverse effects. RESULTS: Adverse events affecting the orofacial region were reported for both vaccines. These were rare and included acute peripheral facial paralysis (Bell's palsy), facial swelling, and swelling of the lips, face or tongue associated with anaphylaxis. There was heterogeneity in the acknowledgement of vaccine-related adverse events in North America compared with Europe. CONCLUSION: Globally, there are inconsistencies in the description of adverse effects presenting in the orofacial region of the COVID-19 vaccines BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273. We believe that awareness of these orofacial manifestations will improve recognition, management and reporting of vaccine-related adverse effects.

Background The purpose of this publication is to report on the six-month clinical results and patient reported outcomes (PROs) comparing the surgical use of the Er,Cr:YSGG laser (ERL) and minimally invasive surgical technique (MIST) for the treatment of intrabony defects in subjects with generalized periodontitis stage III, grade B. Methods Fifty-three adult subjects (29 females and 24 males; 19 to 73 years) with 79 intrabony defects were randomized following scaling and root planing (SRP) to receive ERL monotherapy (n = 27) or MIST (n = 26). Recession (REC), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), treatment time, and PROs were assessed and compared for each treatment group. Clinical measurements were recorded at baseline, 4-6 weeks following SRP, and six months following surgical therapy. Results The following primary and secondary outcome variables were non-inferior with the following margins: CAL with a non-inferiority margin of 0.6 millimeters (mm). (p = 0.05), PD with a non-inferiority margin of 0.5 mm. (p = 0.05), Recession with a non-inferiority margin of 0.4 mm (p = 0.05). Faster procedure times were found for ERL (16.39 ± 6.21 minutes) vs MIST (20.17 ± 5.62 minutes), p = 0.0002. In the first two to three days of post therapeutic diary outcomes, subjects reported less bruising, facial swelling, and use of Ice pack for the ERL group. Conclusions This is the first multicenter, randomized, blinded, and controlled study demonstrating the Er,Cr:YSGG laser is not inferior to MIST in terms of clinical outcomes but is superior in PROs for the surgical treatment of intrabony defects. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Aim The report is about diagnosis, therapy, and follow-up of a 15-year old boy, who experienced facial swelling and impaired mouth opening after a sport accident. Case report Diagnosis of mandibular damage was delayed due to inadequate clinical investigation and radiography after trauma and only became clear after a parotid swelling occurred sometime later resulting from the dissolution of the upper part of the articular process. Follow-up control over a period of three years showed a partial restoration of the articular process but some inhibition of mouth opening combined with slight deviation of the mandible to the affected side remained over the years. Conclusion This report reminds us that parotid swelling can be the result of mandibular trauma without a recent history of physical injury to this region. Therefore, the basic standards of radiologic diagnosis should be maintained and the limited restoring capacity of the condylar process in adolescence should be acknowledged.

The differential diagnosis for facial swelling is broad and can be a diagnostic challenge in the pediatric emergency department. We describe the first pediatric case of acute parotitis with sialolithiasis where the diagnosis was facilitated by point-of-care ultrasound.

ObjectiveThis paper reports a rare case of a 61-year-old man with sialodochitis fibrinosa.MethodsClinical case report and review of current literature.ResultsSialodochitis fibrinosa is a diagnosis of exclusion and in many cases can be managed conservatively. Conservative management failed for this patient and he was managed successfully with staged bilateral total parotidectomy.ConclusionSialodochitis fibrinosa should be considered as a differential diagnosis of painful bilateral facial swelling. While conservative management is successful for many patients, staged bilateral total parotidectomy may be necessary for full remission of symptoms; the timing of this is crucial to reduce the risk of facial nerve palsy.

Any facial swelling is associated with stress for the patient due to cosmesis. Especially when one has bilateral symmetrical enlarged parotids, having exhausted all available conservative management, surgery becomes the last resort; which in such cases pose specific challenges. A 29-year-old man presented with problems of bilateral symmetrical enlarged parotid lesion for 5 years, which did not have an adequate response to medical line of management. He underwent proposed surgery and was diagnosed to have chronic sclerosing parotitis (CSS). The challenges faced during surgery of this non-neoplastic inflammatory lesion, with significant fibrosis, is being described. He recovered completely without any complications related to surgery. CSS rarely affects bilateral parotid glands. Surgery, results of which are outstanding, must be considered in cases where these lesions do not respond to medical line of management. Bilateral total conservative parotidectomy with sternocleidomastoid flap reconstruction provides excellent aesthesis and improves quality of life.

Introduction Adverse events associated with vaccine administration can manifest in the oral cavity and orofacial region. Hence, the aim of this study was to compare the orofacial adverse effects of two recently authorised COVID‐19 vaccines, namely BNT162b2 and mRNA‐1273. Methods Publicly available data on BNT162b2 and mRNA‐1273 vaccines were accessed from the relevant regulatory authorities in the United States, Canada, European Union and United Kingdom. Both patient/recipient information and healthcare professional fact sheets for each of these drugs were manually searched to find their orofacial adverse effects. Results Adverse events affecting the orofacial region were reported for both vaccines. These were rare and included acute peripheral facial paralysis (Bell's palsy), facial swelling, and swelling of the lips, face or tongue associated with anaphylaxis. There was heterogeneity in the acknowledgement of vaccine‐related adverse events in North America compared with Europe. Conclusion Globally, there are inconsistencies in the description of adverse effects presenting in the orofacial region of the COVID‐19 vaccines BNT162b2 and mRNA‐1273. We believe that awareness of these orofacial manifestations will improve recognition, management and reporting of vaccine‐related adverse effects.

Postoperative facial swelling after mandibular angle ostectomy is a concern for patients as it affects their quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of hyperbaric CO2 cryotherapy in relieving postoperative swelling. Thirty-seven patients (mean age: 22.95 ± 3.49 years) who underwent bilateral mandibular angle ostectomy from April to October 2019, were included in this study. A split-mouth design was adopted and through a random sequence, either side of the face was designated as the experimental side. Both received routine nursing care, while the experimental side underwent an additional hyperbaric CO2 cryotherapy treatment. The facial structure was recorded by a 3-dimensional laser scanner pre- and postoperatively. Geomagic Studio was used for alignment, visualization, and quantification of the swelling. The largest deviation value on each side was adopted to assess the overall swelling. Parameters were compared using the paired t-test, and P

This 79-year-old woman with sarcoidosis presented to the ENT (ear, nose and throat) outpatient service with increasing unilateral right-sided facial swelling and nasal obstruction, as shown in [figure 1][1]. Four years previously she had been treated for unilateral sinus disease on the right, and

Angioedema resulting in oral and facial swelling with possible airway compromise can be either hereditary or acquired. Hereditary angioedema is an autosomal dominant disease and results from an inh...

Central venous stenosis is a well-recognized complication of central venous catheter use in hemodialysis patients, which may present with significant swelling of the upper limbs, neck, and face. Here, we describe a renal transplant recipient previously on hemodialysis, who underwent endovascular intervention for central venous stenosis after presenting with facial swelling and exertional dyspnoea. His symptoms continued to progress, however, until the underlying thyroid pathology was recognized. Ruling out the possible mimics of central venous stenosis is important in preventing unnecessary intervention. This case highlights the role of specialty bias in the process of diagnosis.

Inflammatory pseudotumor (IP) is a clinically aggressive but histologically benign condition of unknown cause. It rarely appears in the nasal cavity and sinuses. Here, we describe a 24-year-old female with the main symptom of right nasal obstruction. Examinations showed dilation in the right maxillary sinus and a pale neoplasm in the nasal cavity. The neoplasm was completely excised under endoscope. Postoperative pathology showed significant proliferation of plasma cells and lymphocytes, indicating the presence of IP. No recurrence was found during 20 months of follow-up. Only 28 cases (10 males and 18 females, average 41.04 years) have been reported on Pubmed. The main clinical manifestations were nasal obstruction, epistaxis, facial swelling and pain, eyeball protrusion, diplopia, and other ocular symptoms. Inflammatory pseudotumor always erodes the surrounding bone and requires active treatments. Surgery is the optimal option with a good prognosis.

We present a 32-year old woman with a 9-year history of upper facial swelling. A workup by the ophthalmology department led to the diagnosis of Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome. Re-evaluation in our dermatology clinic confirmed a diagnosis of Morbihan disease. Herein, we review case reports and case series of upper facial swelling in the dermatologic and ophthalmologic literature. Although the two entities share histopathological changes, they tend to have different clinical presentations. Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome appears to be more likely diagnosed in the ophthalmologic literature when the clinical presentation and histopathology may be more consistent with Morbihan disease. In a patient with upper facial swelling, an absence of orolabial swelling, and lack of facial neuropathy, we argue for a diagnosis of Morbihan disease over Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome, especially if the patient has a history of rosacea.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of phototherapy on bite force, facial swelling, mandibular movements, and pain in patients having undergone surgical treatment for mandibular fractures.These are among the predominant types of facial fractures, and treatment involving surgical fixation with titanium plates is one of the most common procedures in oral-maxillofacial surgery. Phototherapy has been used to accelerate the muscle healing process and significantly improves muscle regeneration by inducing the formation of new muscle fibers.The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1-active phototherapy, and Group 2-sham phototherapy. Both groups underwent the surgical procedure by the same surgeon using the same surgical technique. Dosimetric parameters are wavelength, 660 nm; power, 108 mW; radiant energy, 21.6 J; fluency, 21.6 J/cmThe primary variable was bite force measured with a gnathodynamometer and the secondary variables were facial swelling, mandibular movements (measured with digital calipers), and pain. The Student's t-test was used to determine intergroup differences.The findings suggest improvements in the laser group in comparison with the sham group with regard to mandibular dynamics, a reduction in postoperative facial swelling, a reduction in pain, and an increase in bite force.

Ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic tumor characterized by slow growth causing painless facial swelling. The tumor can behave locally aggressively, and may have direct destructive effects on the surrounding soft and hard tissues. This paper reports the unique case of a female patient with giant ameloblastoma of the mandible. Computed tomography (CT) revealed an enormous swelling of the left side of the face, resorption of the affected hemi-mandible, left maxilla, and tissues of the temporal, infratemporal, and pterygopalatine fossae. Pressure from the tumor resulted in displacement and destruction of the facial skeleton, upper aero-digestive tract structures, and some structures of the neck. The patient was treated by radical hemimandibulectomy with removal of the tumorous mass. Precise knowledge of the anatomical structures, and their locations and topographical relationships is required in the diagnosis and treatment plan for each surgical procedure in cases of giant ameloblastoma. CT imaging can be used to determine the extent and exact location of the lesion, revealing other important details that may help in selecting appropriate treatment.

Hereby, we report a case of a 75-year-old man who presented with a 3-day history of facial swelling and choking sensation. The only history of note was an insect bite on the left parotid gland area 3 days prior. The patient was later diagnosed with insect-bite-induced Ludwig’s angina. Enterococcus faecalis was detected on blood cultures and was presumed the source of infection. Intravenous antibiotics and corticosteroids were initiated. The patient was intubated and was subsequently made to undergo a tracheostomy insertion to establish a definitive airway. He was admitted to the intensive care unit and when his condition improved, he was transferred to the ward for full recovery. The patient spent a total of 66 days in hospital before being discharged. This case suggests that Ludwig’s angina can be caused by insect bites. However, further similar cases are needed to be documented to explore this theory.

A 4-year-old boy presented with a lifelong history of nasal obstruction, mouth breathing and snoring. His parents denied any associated rhinorrhoea, sneezing, facial pain, facial swelling, epistaxis, epiphora or sinus infections. Skin prick testing was negative for all environmental allergens. On

Dogs have bad breath. But when Montana sheep rancher Katy Harjes noticed her collie, Hoshi, had particularly bad breath and facial swelling, she was concerned that the symptoms might be a sign of something serious. She was right; ten-year-old Hoshi had squamous cell carcinoma, a common type of oral tumor found in dogs. The cancer had not metastasized, but the damage was extensive enough that part of Hoshi's lower jaw needed to be removed. Luckily, Hoshi was a suitable candidate for a stateof-the-art bone regrowth procedure developed by Frank Verstraete, B.V.Sc, Dr.Med.Vet., M.Med.Vet., and Boaz Arzi, D.V.M., oral surgeons at the University of California (UC), Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine. Consequently, Katy and Hoshi embarked on a 15-hour road trip to California.

Aim The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of sublingual piroxicam as a preemptive analgesic agent in patients undergoing single implant surgery. Materials and methods This was a prospective triple-blind placebo-controlled trial that involved 40 patients presented for the placement of a single endosteal implant in the posterior maxillary arch. Patients were randomly allocated to one of the following groups. Group I (study) who received sublingual piroxicam 40 mg 1 hour prior to the surgical procedure and group II (control) received placebo 1 hour before the surgery, both the groups received sublingual piroxicam 20 mg tablet twice a day on the first and the second postoperative day and once a day on the postoperative day 3. Visual analog scores for measuring pain intensity were assessed at postoperative 1 hour, 6 hours, days 1, 3, and 5. Facial swelling was measured and evaluated during the first, third, and fifth postoperative days using the digital vernier caliper. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to make between-group comparisons. The Wilcoxon-signed rank test was used to make within-group comparisons. Results At all-time intervals, both mean pain and mean swelling scores were higher in controls as compared with those of cases. The difference between the two groups was also statistically significant at all-time intervals for both parameters except for pain at 1 hour. Conclusion Our findings suggest that preoperative sublingual piroxicam is more effective for controlling postoperative pain and swelling after surgical implant placement than only postoperative administration.

A full-term male newborn presents with a large hemifacial swelling extending from the frontal region to the mandibular region, encroaching on the orbit and displacing the pinna. (Figs 1 and 2) Figure 1. Large hemifacial swelling on the right side of the face displacing the pinna. Figure 2. Swelling encroaching on the orbit. ### Prenatal and Birth Histories ### Presentation At birth, the infant was noted to have a hemifacial swelling over the right temporal area. Investigations showed persistent thrombocytopenia, and the lowest platelet count was 51 × 103/μL (51 × 109/L). No platelet transfusion was required before transfer. The infant was referred 9 days after birth to our institution for further management. ### Vital Signs (Day 9) ### Physical Examination (Day 9)

BackgroundA previously well 15-year-old girl presented with a 2-month history of facial swelling that progressively worsened to involve the neck. There was associated dyspnoea, orthopnoea, headache and throat discomfort. Two weeks before presentation, the patient had an episode of fever for 5 days. On examination, vital signs were within normal limits. Swelling, plethora and venous distension of the face and neck were apparent (figure 1).Figure 1(A) Patient before the onset of symptoms. (B) Patient at presentation.QuestionsWhat is the most likely diagnosis?Superior vena cava syndromeAngioedemaAnasarcaDiphtheriaDescribe the chest X-ray (figure 2).What are the acute concerns?What investigations would you order?Figure 2Chest X-ray of the patient at presentation.Answers can be found on page 02.

Pediatric head and neck lymphedema is rare and there have not been any reported cases in children. Here we discuss severe, diffuse head and neck lymphedema in a child caused by compression of the internal jugular veins by lymphadenopathy from Kawasaki's disease. With steroid and intravenous immunoglobulin treatment, the lymphadenopathy improved and facial edema slowly resolved. In review of the literature, complications of head and neck lymphedema including airway obstruction and blindness are discussed. This case highlights the importance of the pediatric otolaryngologist considering lymphedema as a cause for facial swelling and monitoring for complications of lymphedema.

Background Cutaneous lymphomas (primary and secondary lymphomas involving the skin) are a heterogeneous group with various clinical manifestations, histological features, and prognoses. Methods We describe eight cases of cutaneous lymphoma presenting with facial swelling. Results Our case series included three cases of primary cutaneous extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, one case of secondary cutaneous extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, one case of subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma, one case of cutaneous CD4+ small/medium pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma, and two cases of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (unspecified). Conclusions This collection of cases and literature review emphasizes the need for clinical suspicion of cutaneous lymphoma in the differential diagnosis of patients with refractory facial swelling.

A 64-year-old Caucasian woman presented to the emergency department with a 6-day history of dental pain and significant right-sided facial swelling. She had seen her general practitioner twice in the previous days and was prescribed oral metronidazole. There was a history of asthma, epilepsy and

A 9-year-old boy with no medical history presented to the emergency department (ED) directly from the dental clinic with a main problem of left-sided facial swelling following a dental procedure. An hour prior, he underwent a pulpotomy procedure for tooth J. He received local infiltration of

We presented a case of a 69-year-old woman who experienced monthly episodes of facial swelling and nonpruritic, erythematous rash on her face, accompanied by high fever, nausea, headache, and neck pain over 1 year. Her symptoms started with myalgia, arthralgia, fever and neck stiffness, and headache, and then angioedema occurred, which was painful to touch. She underwent multiple iatrogenic diagnostic and therapeutic procedures that did not lead to the correct diagnosis. Subsequently, relevant immunology laboratory tests were conducted after a careful history and physical examination, which led to the diagnosis. This case illustrated the need for a detailed history and thorough immunologic assessment, and the requirement to maintain a broad differential diagnosis.

Context: Kambo cleanse is a purification, cleansing ritual traditionally performed by South American shaman to confer luck and health to hunters.Case details: We report a patient who presented to the emergency department with prolonged symptoms of vomiting, flushing, facial swelling, altered mental status, and agitation requiring chemical restraints, 22 h after a Kambo cleanse. The patient was found with four small, circular, superficial burns to the ankle at the site where the resin was introduced.Discussion: The cleanse consists of rubbing resin obtained from the secretions of the giant leaf frog (Phyllomedusa bicolor) into superficial wounds to produce intense gastrointestinal symptoms followed by a sensation of increased stamina and strength. The cleanse is now being increasingly performed in Europe and USA.

Angioedema is a type-1 hypersensitivity reaction that can be life threatening. It affects the skin airways and the gastrointestinal tract. Henna is a green powder used to dye skin and nails. We report a 29 year old patient who presented with angioedema Her patch test was positive to paraphenynlenediamine. She was discharged after successful treatment with intravenous steroids and later topical steroids.

A 52-year-old man from the Peruvian jungle presented with a 4-year history of progressive distal numbness and facial swelling. He had diffusely infiltrated skin on his face, torso, and extremities (figure, A and B), with patchy pinprick sensation loss. Multiple peripheral nerves were palpable, including ulnar and fibular nerves, in addition to visibly enlarged great auricular (figure, C) and superficial radial nerves (figure, D).

Objectives To assess the postoperative oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), pain and swelling after surgical implant placement and to investigate their association with socio-demographic and clinical variables. Materials and methods A total of 85 partial edentulous patients requiring implant-supported fixed prostheses were enrolled. Standard surgical practice for implant placement was employed. Interviews were conducted to assess the OHRQoL based on the oral impact on daily performances (OIDP) index preoperatively as well as 2 weeks and 1 month postoperatively in addition to the degree of pain and swelling at 2 weeks postoperatively. The socio-demographic and clinical variables of interest were also assessed. Results Patient's OHRQoL was reduced at 2 weeks followed by a return to baseline levels 1 month postoperatively. The median OIDP scores were 5.0, 12.0 and 3.5 preoperatively, 2 weeks and 1 month postoperatively, respectively. Eating and teeth cleaning were affected after surgery. Overall, 50.6% of the patients perceived no to mild pain, whereas 36.5%, 49.4% and 14.1% reported no, localized or extensive facial swelling, respectively. No association was found between pain and any variable, but anterior implantation and bone augmentation were more commonly associated with facial swelling. Oral health-related quality of life worsened in patients with more pain or facial swelling as well as in cases involving multiple implant placement or bone augmentation procedures. Conclusions Oral health-related quality of life deteriorated shortly after surgery based on eating and teeth cleaning difficulties. A high degree of pain, extensive swelling, multiple implant placement and bone augmentation procedures were all associated with oral impacts.

In England there were 7,290 cases of tuberculosis (TB) reported in 2013. The area with the highest incidence of the disease in England is London, with hotspots in other urban areas. TB affecting the head and neck is rare. We present three such cases of TB presenting as pre-auricular swelling. Two of the patients were initially misdiagnosed as having dental infection, demonstrating the importance of taking a good history and considering the differential diagnosis of TB when appropriate. TB remains a potentially fatal disease that should be considered in patients presenting with facial swelling where common causes have been excluded.

A 55-year-old woman presented to the clinic with a 2-week history of severe facial swelling, tenderness, and solid induration that had developed several days after a self-limited mild upper respiratory infection. On presentation, the patient was afebrile and denied visual changes, headaches, or syst

The objective of this prospective, double-blind, randomized clinical trial was to compare the effect of 2 dexamethasone dosages on reducing facial swelling after orthognathic surgery through 3-dimensional (3D) photogrammetry.Patients were classified into group 1 (control group) and group 2 (study group), depending on the administered dexamethasone dosage (5 and 15 mg, respectively). Three-dimensional images were recorded at 5 time points: preoperative (T0) and postoperative at 48 ± 6 hours (T1), 1 week (T2), 1 month (T3), and 6 months (T4). A preliminary study was performed on 5 patients, in whom 3D images were captured at 24, 36, 48, and 60 hours postoperatively to record serial changes in facial swelling. Facial swelling at T1, T2, and T3 and the reduction in swelling at T2 and T3 compared with that at the baseline (T4) were calculated. Possible complications, namely, adrenal suppression, wound dehiscence, wound infection, and postoperative nausea and vomiting were evaluated.In total, 68 patients were enrolled, of whom 25 patients in group 1 and 31 patients in group 2 were eligible for final evaluation. No significant differences were found between the 2 groups at any period. On average, the swelling subsided by 86% at 1 month after the orthognathic surgery. Facial swelling peaked approximately 48 hours after the surgery. The incidence of nausea and vomiting did not differ significantly between the groups.The effect of 5 and 15 mg of dexamethasone on facial swelling reduction as well as on nausea and vomiting after orthognathic surgery was not significantly different.

Surgical treatment of zygomatico-orbital (ZO) fractures is a common procedure in maxillofacial surgery. Often accompanied by pain, trismus and swelling, postoperative morbidity is a major disadvantage, affecting patients' quality of life. The appliance of kinesiologic tape (KT) improves the blood and lymph flow, removing congestions of lymphatic fluid and haemorrhages. The aim of this study was to find out if the application of kinesiologic tape prevents or improves swelling, pain and trismus after zygomatico-orbital fracture surgery, improving patients' postoperative quality of life. A total of 30 patients were assigned for treatment of zygomatico-orbital fractures and were randomly divided into treatment either with or without kinesiologic tape. Tape was applied directly after surgery and maintained for at least 5 days postoperatively. Facial swelling was quantified using a five-line measurement at six specific time points. Pain and degree of mouth opening was measured. Patient's subjective feeling and satisfaction was queried. The results of this study show that application of kinesiologic tape after zygomatico-orbital surgery significantly reduced the incidence of swelling with an earlier swelling maximum, and decreased the maximum turgidity for more than 60% during the first 2 days after surgery. Although, kinesiologic tape has no significant influence on pain control and trismus, mouth opening increased earlier after operation in the kinesiologic tape group compared to the no-kinesiologic tape group. Furthermore, patients with kinesiologic tape felt significantly lower morbidity than those without kinesiologic tape. Therefore kinesiologic tape is a promising, simple, less traumatic, economical approach, which is free from adverse reaction and improves patients' quality of life.