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1. A synthesis of evidence for policy from behavioural science during COVID-19.

Author

Ruggeri, Kai, Stock, Friederike, Haslam, S, Capraro, Valerio, Boggio, Paulo, Ellemers, Naomi, Cichocka, Aleksandra, Douglas, Karen, Rand, David, van der Linden, Sander, Cikara, Mina, Finkel, Eli, Druckman, James, Wohl, Michael, Petty, Richard, Tucker, Joshua, Shariff, Azim, Gelfand, Michele, Packer, Dominic, Jetten, Jolanda, Van Lange, Paul, Pennycook, Gordon, Peters, Ellen, Baicker, Katherine, Crum, Alia, Weeden, Kim, Napper, Lucy, Tabri, Nassim, Zaki, Jamil, Skitka, Linda, Kitayama, Shinobu, Mobbs, Dean, Sunstein, Cass, Ashcroft-Jones, Sarah, Todsen, Anna, Hajian, Ali, Verra, Sanne, Buehler, Vanessa, Friedemann, Maja, Hecht, Marlene, Mobarak, Rayyan, Karakasheva, Ralitsa, Tünte, Markus, Yeung, Siu, Rosenbaum, R, Lep, Žan, Yamada, Yuki, Hudson, Sa-Kiera, Macchia, Lucía, Soboleva, Irina, Dimant, Eugen, Geiger, Sandra, Jarke, Hannes, Wingen, Tobias, Berkessel, Jana, Mareva, Silvana, McGill, Lucy, Papa, Francesca, Većkalov, Bojana, Afif, Zeina, Buabang, Eike, Landman, Marna, Tavera, Felice, Andrews, Jack, Bursalıoğlu, Aslı, Zupan, Zorana, Wagner, Lisa, Navajas, Joaquín, Vranka, Marek, Kasdan, David, Chen, Patricia, Hudson, Kathleen, Novak, Lindsay, Teas, Paul, Rachev, Nikolay, Galizzi, Matteo, Milkman, Katherine, Petrović, Marija, Van Bavel, Jay, and Willer, Robb

Subjects
Humans, Behavioral Sciences, Communication, COVID-19, Culture, Evidence-Based Practice, Health Policy, Leadership, Pandemics, Policy Making, Public Health, Social Norms
Abstract

Scientific evidence regularly guides policy decisions1, with behavioural science increasingly part of this process2. In April 2020, an influential paper3 proposed 19 policy recommendations (claims) detailing how evidence from behavioural science could contribute to efforts to reduce impacts and end the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we assess 747 pandemic-related research articles that empirically investigated those claims. We report the scale of evidence and whether evidence supports them to indicate applicability for policymaking. Two independent teams, involving 72 reviewers, found evidence for 18 of 19 claims, with both teams finding evidence supporting 16 (89%) of those 18 claims. The strongest evidence supported claims that anticipated culture, polarization and misinformation would be associated with policy effectiveness. Claims suggesting trusted leaders and positive social norms increased adherence to behavioural interventions also had strong empirical support, as did appealing to social consensus or bipartisan agreement. Targeted language in messaging yielded mixed effects and there were no effects for highlighting individual benefits or protecting others. No available evidence existed to assess any distinct differences in effects between using the terms physical distancing and social distancing. Analysis of 463 papers containing data showed generally large samples; 418 involved human participants with a mean of 16,848 (median of 1,699). That statistical power underscored improved suitability of behavioural science research for informing policy decisions. Furthermore, by implementing a standardized approach to evidence selection and synthesis, we amplify broader implications for advancing scientific evidence in policy formulation and prioritization.

Published
2024

2. The globalizability of temporal discounting

Author

Ludvig Daae Bjørndal, Lucia Freira, Johanna Blomster Lyshol, Felicia T. A. Sundström, Julia Oberschulte, Sonya Xu, Sandra J. Geiger, Genaro Basulto Mejía, Kohei Ueda, Joaquin Navajas, Anna Louise Todsen, Martin Čadek, Charlotte Rutherford, Aleksandra Gracheva, Kailin Xu, A. Nieto, Irina Soboleva, Tatianna M. Dugue, Silvia Filippi, Marek A. Vranka, Alexander Bailey, Franziska Nippold, Rand Said, Martina Benvenuti, Forget Mingiri Kapingura, Nikola Erceg, Nathalia Melo de Carvalho, Gerhard M. Prinz, James Rujimora, Metasebiya Ayele Mamo, Katherine Bibilouri, Hannes Jarke, David Feng, Kanchan Amatya, Emmanuel Kemel, Yuki Yamada, Sabrina Black, Aleksandra Lazarević, Thomas Lind Andersen, Dora Popović, Žan Lep, Volodymyr Vakhitov, Ziwei Gao, Jason Trinh, Anișoara Melnic, Alice Turati, Laura Maratkyzy, David Izydorczyk, Eike Kofi Buabang, Christina Eun Rho, Jakub Krawiec, Aliya Bermaganbet, Simone D'Ambrogio, Nikolay R. Rachev, Daria Stefania Pascu, Adrian Dahl Askelund, Sanne Verra, Dragana Neshevska, Mary Shiels, Thiago Otto, Kalina Nikolova Kalinova, Anna-Lena Tebbe, Nicolas Say, Shiyi Chen, Lisa Wagner, Salomé Mamede, Sandra Ilić, Peggah R. Khorrami, Milica Vdovic, Tymofii Brik, Grace Duffy, Mari Louise Berge, Muhammad Fedryansyah, Irem Soysal, Binahayati Rusyidi, Suwen Ge, David Kasdan, Amina Mohammed, Nida Hasan, Jáchym Vintr, Sebastian Meyer, Zorana Zupan, Hyung Seo Lee, Kai Ruggeri, Ingvild S. Lofthus, Anastasia Gracheva, Sibele Aquino, Chiara Van Reyn, René Freichel, Tran Tran, Tina Solomonia, Ondřej Kácha, Leya George, Kaja Damnjanović, Alexander Ikonomeas, Aleksandra Yosifova, Ana-Maria Cazan, Ke Ying Xing, Inés Sanguino, Melis Çetinçelik, Siddhant Soni, Elisabeth D. C. Sievert, Federica Rocca, Eman Farahat, Jacqueline Taylor, Jakob Jakob, Pika Ranc, Xinyi Hong, Nato Lagidze, Aizhan Mukhyshbayeva, Szymon Mizak, Aseman Bagheri Sheshdeh, Robert Farrokhnia, Celia Esteban-Serna, Silvana Mareva, Ali Hajian, Xue Wu, Esther Awazzi Envuladu, Ralitsa Karakasheva, Matthias Burghart, Valentino Chai, Marija Petrović, Irena Pavlović, Maja Friedemann, Patricia Chen, Matías Fonollá, Mareyba Fawad, Nazeer Abdul-Salaam, Georgia Clay, Aleksandra Lazić, Carla Akil, Lucy McGill, R. Shayna Rosenbaum, Juliette Tobias-Webb, Katrine Krabbe Thommesen, Yarden Shir, Riinu Pae, Filippo Toscano, Nélida Ayacaxli, Shivika Marwaha, Jolly Amatya, Aslı Bursalıoğlu, Adrianna Valencia, Marlene Hecht, Sharon McParland, Eduardo Garcia-Garzon, Sarah Ashcroft-Jones, Sun Young Park, Amma Panin, Arjoon Arunasalam, Josip Razum, Naos Mesfin Buzayu, Barbora Hubená, Ahmet Kerem Sarikaya, Samuel Lincoln Bezerra Lins, Lucía Macchia, Jascha Achterberg, Lea Jakob, Felice L. Tavera, Federica Stablum, Margo Janssens, Martina Vacondio, Paula Barea Arroyo, Tsvetelina Panchelieva, Iulia Grabovski, Tina Venema, Xintong Tang, Shehrbano Jamali Niazi, Leonore Riitsalu, Bojana Većkalov, Twinkle Dwarkanath, Sociale Psychologie (Psychologie, FMG), Ontwikkelingspsychologie (Psychologie, FMG), Ruggeri, Kai [0000-0002-8470-101X], Panin, Amma [0000-0002-1608-3678], Vdovic, Milica [0000-0002-8094-2465], Većkalov, Bojana [0000-0002-8477-1261], Achterberg, Jascha [0000-0003-2002-3210], Amatya, Kanchan [0000-0002-8396-4280], Andersen, Thomas Lind [0000-0002-4220-1674], Aquino, Sibele D [0000-0003-1391-0911], Arunasalam, Arjoon [0000-0002-5651-9560], Ashcroft-Jones, Sarah [0000-0002-8614-9310], Askelund, Adrian Dahl [0000-0003-2669-5472], Bailey, Alexander [0000-0002-6478-3441], Barea Arroyo, Paula [0000-0002-4948-1912], Mejía, Genaro Basulto [0000-0002-0376-6568], Benvenuti, Martina [0000-0001-8575-5047], Bibilouri, Katherine [0000-0003-2267-2038], Bjørndal, Ludvig Daae [0000-0001-9773-8287], Lyshol, Johanna K Blomster [0000-0002-3157-5443], Brik, Tymofii [0000-0002-5542-1019], Buabang, Eike Kofi [0000-0002-3057-0819], Burghart, Matthias [0000-0001-7300-1846], Bursalıoğlu, Aslı [0000-0003-1423-4732], Buzayu, Naos Mesfin [0000-0003-3613-3537], de Carvalho, Nathalia Melo [0000-0001-8072-3310], Cazan, Ana-Maria [0000-0003-4521-702X], Çetinçelik, Melis [0000-0002-8931-5732], Chai, Valentino E [0000-0002-9885-6792], Chen, Patricia [0000-0002-0173-9320], Chen, Shiyi [0000-0001-6611-4359], Clay, Georgia [0000-0001-5641-6804], D'Ambrogio, Simone [0000-0001-9030-8145], Damnjanović, Kaja [0000-0002-9254-1263], Dugue, Tatianna [0000-0002-2887-141X], Dwarkanath, Twinkle [0000-0002-1115-2654], Erceg, Nikola [0000-0002-9056-4592], Esteban-Serna, Celia [0000-0003-4965-1173], Farahat, Eman [0000-0001-6467-8599], Fedryansyah, Muhammad [0000-0001-7082-2550], Feng, David [0000-0003-1223-8094], Filippi, Silvia [0000-0002-5890-7460], Fonollá, Matías A [0000-0002-9307-8039], Freichel, René [0000-0002-9478-0575], Freira, Lucia [0000-0002-2710-0760], Friedemann, Maja [0000-0003-1506-2135], Gao, Ziwei [0000-0002-8706-8758], Ge, Suwen [0000-0001-9318-976X], Geiger, Sandra J [0000-0002-3262-5609], George, Leya [0000-0002-0020-6178], Grabovski, Iulia [0000-0001-5839-9796], Hajian, Ali [0000-0002-6679-438X], Hecht, Marlene [0000-0003-0700-0073], Ikonomeas, Alexander Gustav Fredriksen [0000-0002-3817-030X], Ilić, Sandra [0000-0002-5145-0197], Izydorczyk, David [0000-0002-8792-0795], Jakob, Lea [0000-0002-9659-0353], Janssens, Margo [0000-0002-9455-7939], Jarke, Hannes [0000-0002-6022-6381], Kácha, Ondřej [0000-0003-2837-9238], Kalinova, Kalina Nikolova [0000-0001-8444-0959], Kapingura, Forget Mingiri [0000-0002-5808-5612], Kasdan, David Oliver [0000-0002-6709-1424], Krawiec, Jakub M [0000-0002-8422-8090], Lagidze, Nato [0000-0002-5837-8917], Lazić, Aleksandra [0000-0002-0433-0483], Lee, Hyung Seo [0000-0003-0705-5314], Lep, Žan [0000-0003-0130-4543], Lins, Samuel [0000-0001-6824-4691], Macchia, Lucía [0000-0001-9558-4747], Mamede, Salomé [0000-0002-4826-3390], Mareva, Silvana [0000-0002-1728-9811], McGill, Lucy [0000-0002-0702-2806], McParland, Sharon [0000-0001-6714-3012], Mizak, Szymon [0000-0003-0308-007X], Mukhyshbayeva, Aizhan [0000-0001-5538-955X], Navajas, Joaquin [0000-0001-8765-037X], Neshevska, Dragana [0000-0001-5419-0266], Nieves, Ana Elsa Nieto [0000-0001-9041-8977], Oberschulte, Julia [0000-0002-8174-8656], Pae, Riinu [0000-0003-2044-0102], Park, Sun Young [0000-0003-4246-7437], Pascu, Daria Stefania [0000-0002-7944-643X], Petrović, Marija B [0000-0001-6422-3957], Prinz, Gerhard M [0000-0001-7930-7176], Rachev, Nikolay R [0000-0002-5654-2883], Ranc, Pika [0000-0002-4725-8522], Razum, Josip [0000-0002-2633-3271], Riitsalu, Leonore [0000-0002-0941-7983], Rosenbaum, R Shayna [0000-0001-5328-8675], Rujimora, James [0000-0002-8295-1525], Rusyidi, Binahayati [0000-0003-4870-9177], Rutherford, Charlotte [0000-0003-2733-2323], Said, Rand [0000-0001-9703-4706], Sanguino, Inés [0000-0003-0965-6850], Say, Nicolas [0000-0002-1560-9260], Schuck, Jakob [0000-0002-6469-0018], Soboleva, Irina [0000-0003-4934-4085], Solomonia, Tina [0000-0002-7985-6666], Soysal, Irem [0000-0001-8016-8484], Stablum, Federica [0000-0001-9712-9123], Sundström, Felicia TA [0000-0002-7032-1614], Tang, Xintong [0000-0002-6025-688X], Taylor, Jacqueline [0000-0001-7455-0185], Tebbe, Anna-Lena [0000-0003-4933-2797], Thommesen, Katrine Krabbe [0000-0002-0696-7621], Toscano, Filippo [0000-0001-6077-2094], Ueda, Kohei [0000-0003-1818-8366], Vacondio, Martina [0000-0003-0024-8527], Valencia, Adrianna J [0000-0003-1222-5904], Van Reyn, Chiara [0000-0002-1100-2525], Venema, Tina AG [0000-0002-3939-2828], Verra, Sanne E [0000-0003-4963-0153], Vranka, Marek A [0000-0003-3413-9062], Wagner, Lisa [0000-0002-1925-2676], Wu, Xue [0000-0002-9461-3558], Xu, Sonya [0000-0003-1799-1309], Yamada, Yuki [0000-0003-1431-568X], Yosifova, Aleksandra [0000-0002-2280-3467], Zupan, Zorana [0000-0002-0763-8192], García-Garzon, Eduardo [0000-0001-5258-232X], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, and Department of Organization Studies

Subjects
BF Psychology, Social Psychology, Economics, HB, BF, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, temporal discounting, economic inequality, global study, DECISION-MAKING, TIME PREFERENCE, Behavioral Neuroscience, Text mining, ddc:150, INFLATION, Humans, Temporal discounting, Nationalekonomi, economic inequality, temporal discounting, lower-income groups, REAL, RISK, DECREASES, REWARDS, business.industry, HM Sociology, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, CHOICE, POVERTY, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Delay Discounting, business, INEQUALITY, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

Economic inequality is associated with preferences for smaller, immediate gains over larger, delayed ones. Such temporal discounting may feed into rising global inequality, yet it is unclear whether it is a function of choice preferences or norms, or rather the absence of sufficient resources for immediate needs. It is also not clear whether these reflect true differences in choice patterns between income groups. We tested temporal discounting and five intertemporal choice anomalies using local currencies and value standards in 61 countries (N = 13,629). Across a diverse sample, we found consistent, robust rates of choice anomalies. Lower-income groups were not significantly different, but economic inequality and broader financial circumstances were clearly correlated with population choice patterns. Ruggeri et al. find in a study of 61 countries that temporal discounting patterns are globally generalizable. Worse financial environments, greater inequality and high inflation are associated with extreme or inconsistent long-term decisions.

Published
2022

3. Registered report: How open do you want your science? An international investigation into knowledge and attitudes of psychology students

Author

Hannes Jarke, Lea Jakob, Lana Bojanić, Eduardo Garcia-Garzon, Silvana Mareva, Augustin Mutak, Jovana Gjorgjiovska, Jarke, Hannes [0000-0002-6022-6381], Jakob, Lea [0000-0002-9659-0353], Mareva, Silvana [0000-0002-1728-9811], Mutak, Augustin [0000-0001-9003-1166], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
FOS: Psychology, Multidisciplinary, Knowledge, Attitude, Universities, Surveys and Questionnaires, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, Humans, Psychology, Pilot Projects, Curriculum, Students, Social Media
Abstract

The use of Open Science practices is often proposed as a way to improve research practice, especially in psychology. Open Science can increase transparency and therefore reduce questionable research practices, making research more accessible to students, scholars, policy makers, and the public. However, little is known about how widespread Open Science practices are taught and how students are educated about these practices. In addition, it remains unknown how informing students about Open Science actually impacts their understanding and adoption of such practices. This registered report proposes the validation of a questionnaire. The aim is to survey how much psychology students know about Open Science and to assess whether knowledge of and exposure to Open Science in general—be it through university curricula or social media—influences attitudes towards the concept and intentions to implement relevant practices.

Published
2022
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