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1. Infant mandatory vaccinations: Confirmation of a positive impact

Author: V. Picquet, Jean-Paul Stahl, Alain Martinot, Damien Subtil, P. Pujol, H. Lepetit, Joël Gaudelus, Robert M. Cohen, L. Longfier, and B. Leboucher
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, Immunization Programs, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Vaccination, Infant, Mandatory Programs, Hepatitis B, medicine.disease, Mandatory vaccination, 03 medical and health sciences, Infectious Diseases, Family medicine, Vaccination coverage, medicine, Humans, France, business, Program Evaluation
Abstract: Objective Infant vaccines protecting against 11 diseases have changed from recommended to mandatory status in France for all children born from first of January 2018. Through Vaccinoscopie survey, we measured for the second consecutive year the impact of this new policy on vaccine coverage rates (VCRs) and mothers’ perception regarding vaccination. Methods Web-based survey on a representative sample of 1500 mothers of 0 to 17-month-old infants. Results Non-optimal VCRs continued to increase in 2019 versus 2017 (according to age, + 7 to 8 points VCR for Hepatitis B and + 36 to 68 points for Meningococcus C). After a progressive decrease between 2012 and 2017, the rate of favorable mothers’ opinion towards vaccination continued to progress in 2018 and 2019. Conclusion These results confirmed the positive impact of this new law on infant VCRs and mothers’ favorable opinion regarding vaccination.
Published: 2020
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2. Why should the meningococcal B vaccine be recommended, and therefore reimbursed, for infants in France?

Author: Véronique Dufour, Etienne Javouhey, Fabienne Kochert, Jean-Paul Stahl, Christèle Gras-Le Guen, Nicolas Vignier, Odile Launay, Pierre Tattevin, Robert Cohen, Elise Launay, Joël Gaudelus, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Association Française de Pédiatrie Ambulatoire (AFPA), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Infovac-France, Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique [Paris] (GPIP), Société Française de Pédiatrie (SFP), CIC Cochin Pasteur (CIC 1417), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université de Paris (UP)-Groupe hospitalier Broca-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôtel-Dieu-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], ARN régulateurs bactériens et médecine (BRM), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), CHI Créteil, Pfizer, Sanofi, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôtel-Dieu-Groupe hospitalier Broca-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MEDLINE, Infant, Meningococcal Vaccines, Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup B, 3. Good health, Meningococcal Infections, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Infectious Diseases, MENINGOCOCCAL B, Humans, Medicine, France, 030212 general & internal medicine, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021
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3. Meningococcal C vaccine coverage in France in infants, children, and adolescents

Author: Joël Gaudelus, Jean-Paul Stahl, B. Leboucher, F. Denis, L. Longfier, Alain Martinot, P. Pujol, and Robert M. Cohen
Subjects: Immunity, Herd, Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Vaccination Coverage, Adolescent, Meningococcal Vaccines, Computer-assisted web interviewing, Disease, Neisseria meningitidis, Herd immunity, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Humans, Child, Adverse effect, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Medical record, Incidence (epidemiology), Vaccination, Infant, Meningococcal Infections, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Female, France, business, Meningococcal c vaccine
Abstract: Objectives Meningococcal C (MenC) vaccination was introduced in the French vaccination calendar in 2010 to reduce the incidence of invasive meningococcal C disease (IMD C), mainly through herd immunity. The Vaccinoscopie survey helps follow vaccination coverage rates (VCRs) of children. Methods This annual survey is based on a self-administered online questionnaire. In 2017, 4500 mothers of children completed the questionnaire and reported all vaccinations recorded in their child's health record. Results MenC vaccination was deemed indispensable or useful by 77% to 84% of mothers. The main barrier mentioned by mothers considering the vaccination useless/not very useful, was fear of adverse effects. VCR was estimated at 77% among 24-35-month-old infants, 79% among 6-year-old children, and 50% among 14-15-year-old adolescents. VCR strongly varied depending on the physician's advice for vaccination and on the type of follow-up. Six months after publication of the new French vaccine calendar in April 2017, with a MenC vaccine recommendation for all 5-month-old infants, 43% of infants had received a dose at 6 months of age. Conclusions VCRs are insufficient to reach herd immunity. Between 2011 and 2017 more than 100 deaths could have been avoided in France if optimal VCRs had been achieved. Faced with this vaccine strategy failure, the new vaccine recommendation at 5 months of age seems well-accepted. This recommendation and the implementation of infant mandatory vaccination in 2018 should have a major impact on IMD C incidence in this age group.
Published: 2019
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4. Impact de l’extension de la vaccination obligatoire sur les couvertures vaccinales du nourrisson : des premiers résultats prometteurs

Author: Robert M. Cohen, L. Longfier, Alain Martinot, H. Lepetit, P. Pujol, B. Leboucher, Jean-Paul Stahl, Damien Subtil, Joël Gaudelus, F. Denis, Service de Néonatologie [CHI Créteil], Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil (CHIC), Service de Pédiatrie [Jean Verdier], Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Jean Verdier [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Evaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales - ULR 2694 (METRICS), Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), CHU Lille, Université de Lille, METRICS : Evaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales - ULR 2694, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers [CHU Angers], Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] [UGA [2016-2019]], and Evaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales - ULR 2694 [METRICS]
Subjects: Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, medicine.medical_specialty, Vaccination Coverage, Mothers, Pilot Projects, Mandatory Programs, Mandatory vaccination, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Vaccination obligatoire, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, Internet, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Public health, Vaccination, Vaccination coverage, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Couverture vaccinale, Hepatitis B, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Vaccination policy, Family medicine, Female, France, Public Health, [SDV.IMM.VAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Vaccinology, business, Attitude to Health
Abstract: International audience; OBJECTIVE: In France infant vaccines protecting against 11 diseases have changed from a recommended to a mandatory status for all children born on or after January 1, 2018. Using the Vaccinoscopie survey, we measured the impact of this new vaccination policy on vaccine coverage rates (VCRs) and on mothers' perception of vaccination.METHODS: Online survey with 1000 mothers of 0- to 11-month-old infants.RESULTS: VCRs for at least one dose at the age of 6 months strongly progressed for diseases that previously did not meet Public Health objectives (+8 points for Hepatitis B and +31 points for meningococcal C vaccines). Mothers were more favorable to mandatory vaccination and better informed in 2018 than in 2017.CONCLUSIONS: These first results showed a positive impact of the extension of mandatory vaccination on mothers' opinion regarding vaccination and on infant VCRs.; Objectifs: En France, pour les enfants nés depuis le 1er janvier 2018, les vaccins du nourrisson protégeant contre 11 maladies, auparavant recommandés, sont devenus obligatoires. L’enquête Vaccinoscopie permet de mesurer l’impact de cette nouvelle politique vaccinale sur les couvertures vaccinales (CV) et l’opinion des mères sur la vaccination.Méthodes: Étude réalisée sur Internet par questionnaire auto-administré auprès de 1000 mères de nourrissons âgés de 0–11 mois.Résultats: Les CV pour au moins une dose à l’âge de 6 mois ont fortement progressé pour les valences qui n’atteignaient pas les objectifs de santé publique (+8 points pour l’hépatite B et +31 points pour le méningocoque C). Les mères étaient plus favorables à la vaccination obligatoire et mieux informées en 2018 qu’en 2017.Conclusion: Ces premiers résultats montrent un impact positif de l’extension de la vaccination obligatoire sur les CV du nourrisson et sur l’opinion des mères quant à la vaccination.
Published: 2019
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5. Recent changes of invasive meningococcal disease in France: arguments to revise the vaccination strategy in view of those of other countries

Author: Muhamed-Kheir Taha, François Caron, Joël Gaudelus, Ala-Eddine Deghmane, Infections Bactériennes Invasives, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Hôpital Jean Verdier [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Groupe de Recherche sur l'Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), CHU Rouen, This work was supported by the Institut Pasteur [024519E]., Institut Pasteur [Paris], Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN)
Subjects: Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, vaccination strategies, age distribution, Adolescent, 030231 tropical medicine, Immunology, Meningococcal Vaccines, Neisseria meningitidis, medicine.disease_cause, Group B, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Pharmacology, Vaccines, Conjugate, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, Vaccination, Infant, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, 3. Good health, Europe, Meningococcal Infections, Invasive meningococcal disease, Commentary, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Age distribution, France, business, Article Commentary
Abstract: International audience; In France, the incidence of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is around 1/100,000, with the following trends over the 2011–2018 period: a leading role of group B in subjects
Published: 2020
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6. Incidence of paediatric pneumococcal meningitis and emergence of new serotypes: a time-series analysis of a 16-year French national survey

Author: Severine Haouisee, Sandrine Anne Martha, Elodie Blondel, Maxime Thouvenin, Fouad Madhi, Guilaine Barnaud, Sylvie Charachon, Jérémie Violette, Chrystèle Fabbro, Hubert Ythier, Marie Pierre Fos, Emmanuelle Varon, Danielle Roybet, Grégory Dubourg, Olivier Guilluy, Jean Marc Schneider, Stéphane Bonacorsi, Abdelmalek Belgaid, Anne Laure Roux, Alain Goudeau, Stéphane Dauger, Valérie Biran, Olivier Moquet, Anne Gougeon Jollivet, Alain Martinot, Bertrand Chevallier, Chantal Chaplain, Claude Bosi, Josette Jehan, Caroline Garandeau, Karen Milcent, Claire Plassart, Nicolas Kalach, Valérie Sivadon-Tardy, Pascal Bolot, Françoise Evreux, Ellia Mezgueldi, Mireille Cheron, Marie Françoise Prere, Nawal Nicola, Jacques Brouard, Ralph Epaud, Agnès Ferroni, Eric Moulene, Emmanuelle Dessioux, Sylvia Akitani, Aurélia Pitsch, Cyril Morisot, Danielle Landragin, Eterne Twizeyimana, François Angoulvant, Jean Sarlangue, Isabelle Glatz, Caroline Guyot, Anne Bertrou, Anne Chace, Stéphanie Honore Bouakline, Delphine Desbois, Philippe Labrune, Didier Moissenet, Sophie Boyer, Alain Barrans, Leila Lafendi, Françoise Cascarigny, Nathalie Bednarek, Albert Faye, Ahmed Sadik, Valérie Marcou, Daniele De Luca, Etienne Javouhey, Véronqiue Vernet-Garnier, Florence Doucet-Populaire, Josette Raymond, Leatitia Pantalone, Célestin M’Bamba, Jean Marc Chamouilli, Katherine Dieckmann, Mariane Marin, Philippe Lehours, Mathie Lorrot, Didier Pinquier, Hélène Garrec, Christian Herve, Martin Chalumeau, Naim Ouldali, François Gouraud, Marc Le Bideau, Laurence Eitenschenck, Emmanuel Grimprel, Hélène Biessy, Valérie Macchi, Véronique Duval, Ilhem Agha-Mir, Hakim Lahrach, H. Haas, Pierre Lureau, Farida Hamdad, Marie Hélène Pierre, Florent Girard, Valérie Asensio, Romain Basmaci, Marlène Amara, Maité Micaelo, Patricia Roussellier, Brigitte Zimmermann, Nathalie Hubert, Julie Toubiana, Mohamed Amine Yangui, Sylvie Ledru, Fréderic Tronc, Corinne Levy, Jean Gaschignard, Alain Goux, Catherine Glastre, Pierre Patoz, Francis Chomienne, Bernadette Cartier-Riviere, Stéphanie Eyssette-Gayraud, Robert M. Cohen, Rodrigue Dessein, Nicolas Soustelle, Anna Grando, Didier Jan, François Dubos, Huong Porcheret, Isabelle Savoy, Fanny Autret, Marie Noelle Adam, Marie Josée Dufour, Anne Charbonneau, Olivier Lemenand, Anne Dao-Dubremetz, Agnes Rey, Anne Cécile Hochart, Guillaume Arlet, Véronique Despert, Didier Eyer, Fabrice Lapeyre, Nevena Danekova, Olivier Sebag, Ali Khalfi, Emmanuel Jeannot, Joël Gaudelus, Marie Aliette Dommergues, Frédéric Wallet, Elodie Dorangeon, Christine Vervel, Marie Emmanuelle Juvin, Gery Courouble, Gael Guyon, Florence Richardin, Marion Decobert, Laurent Geniez, Nejib Lejri, Stéphane Béchet, Katia Barsotti, Christian Cattoen, Julien Baleine, Pierre Goumy, Laure Warin, Serge Gallet, Anthony Texier, Delphine Minette Brunel, Rachel Heyman Guenais, Grégoire Benoist, Béatrice Pellegrino, Muriel Halna, Vincent Laugel, André De Briel, Norbert Laisney, A. Vachée, Christophe De Champs, Patrick Daoud, Isabelle Haegy-Doehring, Jean-Philippe Lavigne, Simone Saumureau, Delphine Penel-Capelle, Véronique Blanc, Abdelaziz Oulepsir, Elise Launay, Association Clinique et Thérapeutique Infantile du Val-de-Marne, Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique [Paris] (GPIP), Société Française de Pédiatrie (SFP), Urgences pédiatriques, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France, parent, Unité Mixte de Recherche Epidémiologique et de Surveillance Transport Travail Environnement (UMRESTTE UMR T9405), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)
Subjects: Male, Serotype, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Future studies, Adolescent, Population, Serogroup, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030225 pediatrics, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, education, book, Prospective survey, National health, education.field_of_study, Meningitis, Pneumococcal, business.industry, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), Streptococcal Vaccines, Infant, Newborn, Infant, PNEUMOCOCCAL MENINGITIS, medicine.disease, Health Surveys, 3. Good health, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Pediatric Infectious Disease, book.journal, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, France, business, Meningitis, Forecasting
Abstract: Successive implementation of seven-valent then 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) led to a marked decrease in pneumococcal disease burden, including pneumococcal meningitis. We assessed the long-term effect of implementation of PCVs on incidence of pneumococcal meningitis in children in France over a 16-year period.We did a quasi-experimental, population-based interrupted time-series analysis with a nationwide prospective survey over 16 years in France, recruiting children aged younger than 15 years from 227 paediatric wards from January, 2001, to December, 2016. The main outcome by the time-series model was the estimated incidence of pneumococcal meningitis per 100 000 children (of a population of 12·6 million children in 2017) before and after PCV7 and PCV13 implementation. The time-series model was based on segmented regression with autoregressive error.We enrolled 1778 children with pneumococcal meningitis. PCV13 implementation led to a significant reduction in monthly incidence of pneumococcal meningitis from 0·12 per 100 000 children before PCV13 to a nadir of 0·07 in December, 2014 (-38%, 95% CI -56·1 to -20·4; p0·0001). A sharp increase occurred during 2015 and 2016, (+2·3% per month, incidence of 0·13 per 100 000 children at the end of the study period, p=0·0002), mainly related to an increase of serotype 24F, which was frequently penicillin resistant.The early effect of PCV13 implementation greatly reduced the incidence of pneumococcal meningitis in children less than 15 years old. However, a sharp rebound in incidence linked to the emergence of serotype 24F compromised the long-term PCV efficacy. If confirmed in future studies and in other countries, pneumococcal meningitis incidence rebound and 24F emergence should be considered when developing next-generation PCVs.The French Pediatric Infectious Diseases Group, Association Clinique et Thérapeutique Infantile du Val de Marne, Pfizer, and for the National Reference Centre for Pneumococci, the French National Health Agency.
Published: 2018
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7. Evolution between 2008 and 2018 of mothers' perception regarding vaccination and infant vaccine coverage in France

Author: L. Longfier, Robert M. Cohen, Joël Gaudelus, Jean-Paul Stahl, H. Lepetit, Alain Martinot, B. Leboucher, P. Pujol, and Damien Subtil
Subjects: Adult, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Vaccination Coverage, Mothers, Meningococcal Vaccines, Measles, 03 medical and health sciences, Vaccination Refusal, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Humans, Hepatitis B Vaccines, Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine, 0303 health sciences, Infection Control, Vaccines, 030306 microbiology, Tetanus, business.industry, Diphtheria, Medical record, Vaccination, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Hepatitis B, medicine.disease, Mandatory vaccination, Poliomyelitis, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Female, Perception, France, business, Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine
Abstract: Objective Monitoring of vaccination coverage rates (VCRs) is essential to assess the implementation of a country's vaccine policy and its effectiveness. Through the French Vaccinoscopy study, we measured the evolution of VCRs as well as mothers’ opinion towards vaccination between 2008 and 2018, before and after implementation of infant mandatory vaccination extension. Methods This is a study based on an internet-standardised questionnaire. In 2018, a representative sample of 3000 mothers of infants 0 to 35 months of age answered on their opinion on vaccination and reported all vaccinations recorded in their child's health record. Results On the period considered, infant VCRs were stable and high for diphtheria, tetanus, poliomyelitis, pertussis and pneumococcus components and progressed for measles, mumps rubella, 2 doses at 24 months of age from 45.3% in 2008 to 81.0% in 2018, hepatitis B (HepB) complete primovaccination at 6 months of age from 45.9% in 2008 to 86.3% in 2017 and 95.5% in 2018, and meningococcus C (MenC) 1 dose at 6 months of age from 43.0% in 2017 to 74.2% in 2018. In 2018, 69.0% of mothers were in favour of vaccination while this rate dropped from 80.2% in 2012 to 64.0% in 2017, and 80.8 to 89.6% perceived HepB, MenC measles and pertussis vaccinations as useful/essential, percentages in progress versus 2017. Conclusion Following the implementation of infant mandatory vaccination in 2018, proportion of mothers in favour of vaccination increased significantly. HepB and MenC VCRs significantly progressed between 2017 and 2018.
Published: 2019

8. [Vaccination against papillomavirus: assessment and new indications]

Author: Joël, Gaudelus
Subjects: Papillomavirus Infections, Vaccination, Humans, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Female, Papillomavirus Vaccines
Published: 2019

9. Vaccination of pregnant women in France

Author: Robert Cohen, P. Pujol, Joël Gaudelus, Jean-Paul Stahl, F. Denis, T. Lery, Alain Martinot, and O. Chevaillier
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, medicine.medical_specialty, Vaccination Coverage, Attitude of Health Personnel, Health Personnel, 030106 microbiology, Mothers, Seasonal influenza, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Patient Education as Topic, Pregnancy, Influenza, Human, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Health professionals, business.industry, Vaccination, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Prenatal Care, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, medicine.disease, Surgery, Infectious Diseases, Influenza Vaccines, Health Care Surveys, Family medicine, Vaccination coverage, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Female, France, Guideline Adherence, Self Report, business
Abstract: Objective Vaccination of pregnant women against seasonal influenza is recommended in France since 2010. We currently do not have any vaccination coverage (VC) data to assess the implementation of this recommendation. Methods Vaccinoscopie ® is an annual study conducted online using a self-administered questionnaire. A section dedicated to parents’ vaccination was included in 2014 and aimed at interviewing 300 mothers of infants aged Results While 56% of mothers reported to have been informed of the importance of vaccination by a healthcare professional (HCP) during their last pregnancy, only 11% reported having been informed of the importance of influenza vaccination. Overall, 49% of mothers reported willing to be vaccinated during their next pregnancy to protect their baby, if the vaccination were to be recommended by a HCP. However, this rate was only 32% for influenza vaccination. In contrast, 52% of mothers reported willing to be vaccinated against pertussis during pregnancy if the vaccination were to be recommended by a HCP. The influenza VC estimates in pregnant women was 7%. Conclusion Although influenza vaccination has been recommended for all French pregnant women for the past five years, HCPs rarely recommend this vaccination – hence, the low VC. Informing and raising awareness among HCPs seems to be crucial to improve this coverage.
Published: 2016
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10. Outcomes of bacterial meningitis in children

Author: Stéphane Béchet, L. Joao, Robert M. Cohen, Emmanuel Grimprel, Joël Gaudelus, E. Carbonnelle, Corinne Levy, C. Briand, L. de Pontual, and F. Baumie
Subjects: Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Hearing loss, Disease, Neuropsychological Tests, Meningitis, Bacterial, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, 030225 pediatrics, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Neuropsychological assessment, Child, Hearing Loss, Postural Balance, Retrospective Studies, Memory Disorders, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Headache, Infant, Sequela, Retrospective cohort study, medicine.disease, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Sensation Disorders, Hearing test, Brain Damage, Chronic, Female, France, medicine.symptom, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Objective Pediatricians are well aware of the immediate risks of bacterial meningitis in children. However, the long-term outcome of the disease has not been extensively studied. We aimed: (i) to evaluate the duration and quality of the long-term follow-up of children diagnosed with bacterial meningitis in a general pediatric department, (ii) to estimate the incidence of sequelae at the various stages of follow-up, and (iii) to compare our data with that of other studies. Methods We conducted a retrospective study and included 34 children (3 months–15 years) who had been hospitalized for bacterial meningitis in the pediatric department of a University Hospital between January 1st, 2001 and December 31st, 2013. Results Overall, 32% of patients presented with sequelae and 15% with seizures. Only one patient presented with hearing loss, but 23.5% of patients did not have any hearing test performed. Seven patients had a neuropsychological assessment performed and no severe neuropsychological sequela was observed in this group. The average follow-up duration increased during the study period (from 23 to 49 months). The long-term follow-up modalities observed in other studies were highly variable. Assessing the incidence and severity of sequelae was therefore difficult. Conclusion A standardized follow-up should be implemented by way of a national surveillance network of children presenting with bacterial meningitis.
Published: 2016
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11. The impact of the web and social networks on vaccination. New challenges and opportunities offered to fight against vaccine hesitancy

Author: Robert M. Cohen, T. Lery, Alain Martinot, H. Lepetit, F. Denis, Jean-Paul Stahl, and Joël Gaudelus
Subjects: Adult, Male, Parents, 0301 basic medicine, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, media_common.quotation_subject, Decision Making, Information Seeking Behavior, education, 030106 microbiology, Information Dissemination, Scientific literature, Public opinion, Social Networking, World Wide Web, 03 medical and health sciences, Presentation, 0302 clinical medicine, Information seeking behavior, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, media_common, Internet, Physician-Patient Relations, Vaccines, Social network, business.industry, Vaccination, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Dissent and Disputes, Infectious Diseases, Public Opinion, Female, The Internet, business
Abstract: Objective Vaccine hesitancy is a growing and threatening trend, increasing the risk of disease outbreaks and potentially defeating health authorities’ strategies. We aimed to describe the significant role of social networks and the Internet on vaccine hesitancy, and more generally on vaccine attitudes and behaviors. Methods Presentation and discussion of lessons learnt from: (i) the monitoring and analysis of web and social network contents on vaccination; (ii) the tracking of Google search terms used by web users; (iii) the analysis of Google search suggestions related to vaccination; (iv) results from the Vaccinoscopie © study, online annual surveys of representative samples of 6500 to 10,000 French mothers, monitoring vaccine behaviors and attitude of French parents as well as vaccination coverage of their children, since 2008; and (v) various studies published in the scientific literature. Results Social networks and the web play a major role in disseminating information about vaccination. They have modified the vaccination decision-making process and, more generally, the doctor/patient relationship. The Internet may fuel controversial issues related to vaccination and durably impact public opinion, but it may also provide new tools to fight against vaccine hesitancy. Conclusion Vaccine hesitancy should be fought on the Internet battlefield, and for this purpose, communication strategies should take into account new threats and opportunities offered by the web and social networks.
Published: 2016
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12. Lifetime cost of meningococcal disease in France: Scenarios of severe meningitis and septicemia with purpura fulminans

Author: Catherine W. Olivier, Stève Bénard, Jimmy Voisine, Claire Wright, and Joël Gaudelus
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Cost, Total cost, 030106 microbiology, Meningitis, Meningococcal, Meningococcal disease, Amputation, Surgical, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cost of Illness, Sepsis, Health care, medicine, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Intensive care medicine, health care economics and organizations, Pediatric intensive care unit, business.industry, Prevention, Mental Disorders, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Invasive meningococcal disease, lcsh:RA1-1270, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Management, Infectious Diseases, Cost driver, Child, Preschool, Purpura Fulminans, Female, France, business, Meningitis, Purpura fulminans, Kidney disease
Abstract: Summary: Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is life-threatening and can result in severe sequelae. In France, no data have been published on the costs of severe IMD cases. Two realistic scenarios were developed with national experts (clinicians and social workers): a 6-year-old child with purpura fulminans with amputation of both legs below the knee (case A) and a 3-year-old with meningitis and severe neurological sequelae (case B). Additional scenarios included other typical sequelae of IMD such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), profound deafness and epilepsy. Data on healthcare, disability, educational and other resource use were obtained from experts and families of patients with similar sequelae. Unit costs (2013) were mainly obtained from the literature and the National Health Insurance (NHI). Time horizon was based on life expectancies of patients (77 and 55 years, respectively). A 4% discount rate decreasing to 2% after 30 years was applied. Costs are presented from the perspective of the NHI, publicly funded organizations and patients’ families or their private health insurances. purpura fulminans with amputations is associated with a lifelong discounted cost of €768,875. Adding CKD doubles the amount (€1,480,545). Meningitis with severe neuro-cognitive sequelae results in a lifelong discounted cost of €1,924,475. Adding profound deafness and epilepsy slightly increases the total cost (€2,267,251). The first year is the most expensive in both scenarios (€166,890 and €160,647 respectively). The main cost drivers for each scenario are prostheses and child/adult stays in healthcare facilities, respectively. Overall, patients’ families or his private insurance had to pay around 13% of total cost (101,833€ and 258,817€, respectively). This study fills a gap in the body of knowledge on IMD sequelae care and lifetime costs in France. The potentially high economic burden of IMD, in addition to its physical, psychological and social burden, reinforces the need for prevention. Keywords: Invasive meningococcal disease, Management, Cost, Prevention, France
Published: 2016

13. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca meningitis in infants. Epidemiological and clinical features

Author: Laurence Caeymaex, C. Charreton, O. Zafer, Joël Gaudelus, L. de Pontual, Robert Cohen, J. Baleine, B. Coche-Monier, F. Lageix, C. Alexandre, Violaine Walewski, Corinne Levy, E. Carbonnelle, Mathie Lorrot, Didier Pinquier, S. Klosowski, L. Hess, C. Carrie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Hôpital Côte de Nacre [CHU Caen], CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Centre Hospitalier d'Aix en Provence [Aix-en-Provence] (CHIAP ), Hôpital Simone Veil [Eaubonne], Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil (CHIC), Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre Hospitalier de Lens, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant [CHU - HCL] (HFME), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Groupe Hospitalier Public du Sud de l'Oise [Creil] (GHPSO), Groupe Hospitalier Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Seine-Saint-Denis [Bobigny] (GH HUPSSD), Hôpital Jean Verdier [AP-HP], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU), Université Paris-Est (UPE), CCSD, Accord Elsevier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-IFR10
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Virulence Factors, Virulence, Meningitis, Meningitis, Bacterial, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, 030225 pediatrics, Internal medicine, Epidemiology, Medicine, Humans, Registries, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, biology, Whole Genome Sequencing, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, Infant, Newborn, Klebsiella oxytoca, Infant, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 3. Good health, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Klebsiella Infections, Survival Rate, Low birth weight, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, National registry, France, medicine.symptom, business, Infants, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; Background: The incidence of meningitis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) and Klebsiella oxytoca (Ko) in high-income countries is unknown, and no series have been published to date.Methods: We conducted a nationwide multicenter observational study in France between 2006 and 2016. All children from the French national registry for paediatric bacterial meningitis under the age of 1 year and hospitalized for Kp or Ko meningitis were included. Virulence factors of four Klebsiella spp. strains were explored by whole genome sequencing.Results: Of 1859 cases of meningitis in children under the age of 1 year, 13 cases (0.7%) of Klebsiella spp. meningitis (nine for Kp meningitis and four for Ko meningitis) were registered in the French national registry. Three of the patients died and 50% of the survivors had developmental delays.Conclusions: Prematurity, low birth weight, and congenital anomalies of the urinary tract appear to be risk factors for Klebsiella spp. meningitis as well as virulence factors of the strain.
Published: 2018
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14. Hepatitis B vaccination and adolescents: A lost generation

Author: Alain Martinot, F. Denis, Joël Gaudelus, H. Lepetit, Robert M. Cohen, and Jean-Paul Stahl
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Adolescent, Attitude of Health Personnel, 030106 microbiology, Immunization, Secondary, Mothers, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030225 pediatrics, Humans, Medicine, Hepatitis B Vaccines, Child, Immunization Schedule, business.industry, Health Policy, Infant, Physicians, Family, Fear, Hepatitis B, medicine.disease, Virology, Vaccination, Infectious Diseases, Hepatitis b vaccination, Child, Preschool, Vaccination coverage, Immunology, Female, France, business, Attitude to Health
Published: 2016
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15. Principles of curative antibiotic treatment

Author: Robert M. Cohen, Fouad Madhi, Isabelle Hau, Joël Gaudelus, J. Raymond, and Emmanuel Grimprel
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Identification methods, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, 030106 microbiology, Antibiotics, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Antibiotic resistance, 030225 pediatrics, Epidemiology, Medicine, Humans, Intensive care medicine, Child, book, business.industry, Limiting, Bacterial Infections, Alternative treatment, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Vaccination, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Pediatric Infectious Disease, book.journal, business
Abstract: Infectious diseases are constantly evolving for many reasons. New infectious agents are regularly discovered, mainly because of the development of identification methods, including the molecular tools and mass spectrometry. Changes in the epidemiology of infectious diseases are not always understood, but several factors undoubtedly play an important role, notably the impact of vaccination implementations, the ecological consequences of antibiotic treatments and their excessive use, and the secular epidemiological trends of pathogenic agents. Antibiotic resistance has been recognized as one of the major challenges for humanity and few new antibiotics with potent activity against resistant Gram-negative rods have been developed in recent years. The rationalization of antibiotic treatments is a key for reducing or limiting antimicrobial resistance. This guide takes into account the latest recommendations, the consensus conferences, and the guidelines of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Group of the French Society of Pediatric, the French Infectious Diseases Society, and French official agencies. For each clinical situation, the main bacterial target of the antibiotic treatment, the first-choice antibiotic and the alternative treatment, as well as the most important findings for the diagnosis and treatment of the infection are detailed.
Published: 2018

16. Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Children Can Reveal a Primary Immunodeficiency

Author: Pierre Tissières, Emmanuelle Varon, Stéphane Dauger, Mathie Lorrot, Corinne Levy, Pierre-Louis Leger, Isabelle Pellier, Véronique Frémeaux-Bacchi, Caroline Thomas, Capucine Picard, Bertrand Boisson, Robert M. Cohen, Frédéric V. Valla, Jean Gaschignard, Gaël Guyon, Didier Pinquier, Philippe Durand, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Francis Leclerc, Dominique Gendrel, P. Sachs, Catherine Jeudy, Laurent Abel, François Dubos, Maya Chrabieh, Christèle Gras-Le Guen, Emmanuel Grimprel, Xavier Bossuyt, Cécile Bost-Bru, Eric Jeziorski, Loïc de Pontual, Philippe Desprez, Fabrice Lesage, Anne Puel, and Joël Gaudelus
Subjects: Male, Microbiology (medical), Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Mastoiditis, Adolescent, Pneumococcal Infections, Recurrent meningitis, Pelvic inflammatory disease, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Child, Articles and Commentaries, business.industry, Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes, Isolated congenital asplenia, Infant, Complement deficiency, medicine.disease, Pneumococcal infections, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Immunology, Primary immunodeficiency, Female, Disease Susceptibility, France, business, Meningitis
Abstract: About 10% of pediatric patients with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) die from the disease. Some primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are known to confer predisposition to IPD. However, a systematic search for these PIDs has never been carried out in children presenting with IPD.We prospectively identified pediatric cases of IPD requiring hospitalization between 2005 and 2011 in 28 pediatric wards throughout France. IPD was defined as a positive pneumococcal culture, polymerase chain reaction result, and/or soluble antigen detection at a normally sterile site. The immunological assessment included abdominal ultrasound, whole-blood counts and smears, determinations of plasma immunoglobulin and complement levels, and the evaluation of proinflammatory cytokines.We included 163 children with IPD (male-to-female ratio, 1.3; median age, 13 months). Seventeen children had recurrent IPD. Meningitis was the most frequent type of infection (87%); other infections included pleuropneumonitis, isolated bloodstream infection, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, and mastoiditis. One patient with recurrent meningitis had a congenital cerebrospinal fluid fistula. The results of immunological explorations were abnormal in 26 children (16%), and a PID was identified in 17 patients (10%), including 1 case of MyD88 deficiency, 3 of complement fraction C2 or C3 deficiencies, 1 of isolated congenital asplenia, and 2 of Bruton disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia). The proportion of PIDs was much higher in children aged2 years than in younger children (26% vs 3%; P.001).Children with IPD should undergo immunological investigations, particularly those aged2 years, as PIDs may be discovered in up to 26% of cases.
Published: 2014
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17. Is Intrapartum Intravenous Zidovudine for Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV-1 Transmission Still Useful in the Combination Antiretroviral Therapy Era?

Author: Nelly Briand, Josiane Warszawski, Laurent Mandelbrot, Catherine Dollfus, Emmanuelle Pannier, Ludovic Cravello, Rose Nguyen, Isabelle Matheron, Norbert Winer, Roland Tubiana, Christine Rouzioux, Albert Faye, Stéphane Blanche, Françoise Meier, Dominique Duro, Marine Joras, Emmanuel Mortier, Catherine Crenn-Hebert, Corinne Floch-Tudal, Fabienne Mazy, Mariam Bensalah, Agnès Villemant-Uludag, Agnès Lefort, Virginie Zarrouk, Pierre-François Ceccaldi, Gisèle Philip, Gilles Hittinger, Martine Malet, Bruno Bachelard, Marie Medus, Joëlle Dendale-Nguyen, Jean-Pierre Brossier, Olivier Aubry, Jean-Luc Esnault, Sophie Leautez, Philippe Perré, Isabelle Suaud, Sandrine-Anne Martha, Mahfoud Rouha, Pascale Perfezou, Gilles Blondin, Charles Bellot, Séverine Ansart, Philippe Le Moine, Karine Bages-Jaffuel, Jean-Charles Duthé, Michel Garré, Sylvain Jaffuel, Corinne Daniel, Christian Calvez, Claude Beuscart, Emmanuelle Boutaric, Jennifer Rohan, Sylvie Lemoal, Linda Lassel, Ghislaine Cotten, Christelle Dupré, Esther Beauville, Cédric Arvieux, Anabèle Dos Santos, Corinne Cudeville, Yves Poinsignon, Virginie Mouton-Rioux, Gaétane Mousset, Anne Grellier, Philippe Moreau, Philippe Tillaut, Odile Luycx-Vaillant, Philippe de Morel, Marie-Françoise Le Coz, Isabelle Belzic, Mathilde Niault, Anne Vandenbergh, Cécile Janssen, Susanne Braig, Virginie Vitrat, Jacques Gaillat, Gaëlle Clavere, Jean-Pierre Bru, Blandine Peyret, Catherine Mullard, Marie Echard, Philippe Talon, Marion Dehlinger, Cécile Winter, Brigitte Heller-Roussin, Odile Launay, Maria Fouchet, Ghislaine Firtion, Isabelle Goupil, Nora Boudjoudi, Agnès Bourgeois-Moine, Marylène Bodard, Valérie Vivier, Mandovi Rajguru, Virginie Huri, Elie Azria, Sophie Matheron, Neila Elaoun, Philippe Faucher, Valérie Garrait, Christiane Komme, Isabelle Hau, Laurent Richier, Claudine Touboul, Valérie Thoirain, Laurent Cotte, Olivier Tariel, Joseph Koffi, Jean-Marc Labaune, Corinne Brochier, Denis Roux, Christophe Elleau, Camille Runel, Henri Bataille, Marie-Thérèse Sow, Ketty Samar, Blandine Muanza, Marc Duval, Clarisse Kingue-Ekollo, Bénédicte Carpentier, Isabelle Ronda, Jean-Marc Chamouilli, Natacha Entz-Werle, Hervé Seaume, Sarah Ducrocq, Philippe Bailly-Salin, Yvon Lemercier, Joëlle Tricoire, Alain Berrebi, Michèle Antras, Evelyne Armand, Claudine Cayla, François Bonnal, Catherine Chabanier, Anne Chacé, Sophie Couderc, Anne Boutemy, Marie-Christelle Dallot, Alain Al-Issa, Corinne Routier, Ahmed Zakaria, Véronique Favret, Juliette Gerbe, Elisabeth Questiaux, MariaLuisa Partisani, David Rey, Christine Cheneau, Christine Allisy, Dominique Brault, François Hervé, Marie-Gisèle Lebrette, Lise Selleret, Dieudonné Ekoukou, Pascal Bolot, Marie-Aude Khuong-Josses, Marie-Christine Allemon, Nelly Ghibaudo, Pierre Frange, Florence Veber, Delphine Lemercier, Marie-Christine Mourey, Gilles Blasquez, Michèle Granier, Houda Touahri, Alain Devidas, Israël Nisand, Michèle Weil, Christophe Vayssière, Jean-Luc Berger, Martine Munzer, Olivier Graesslin, Anne-Florence Naime-Alix, Frédérique Quetin, Anne Laubies, Manuela Bonmarchand, Jennifer Sommer, Patricia Bourse, Anne Coursol, Michel Youssef, Juliette Laurent, Mariem Raho, Véronique Chambrin, Philippe Labrune, Laure Clech, Alexandra Benachi, Bertrand Le Lorier, Isolde Pauly-Ravelly, Claude Allouche, Ama Johnson, Laurence Benoist, Catherine Delannoy, Eric Lachassine, Stéphanie Bolie, Joël Gaudelus, Vincent Jeantils, Amelie Benabara, Leïla Karaoui, Véronique Lefèvre, André Bongain, Eliane Galiba, Anne Deville, Fabrice Monpoux, Jacques Durant, Christian Aufrant, Jean Furioli, Jean-Louis Salomon, Françoise Granier, Antoine Doumet, Youssef Douadi, Jean Gondry, Jean-Luc Schmit, Brigitte Pautard, Marc Gamerre, Isabelle Thuret, Laurence Neimann, Claire Hubert, Bruno Carbonne, Geneviève Vaudre, Marie-Dominique Tabone, Didier Pinquier, Gaëlle Pinto Cardoso, Brigitte Clavier, Françoise Borsa-Lebas, Agathe De Lauzanne, Constance Borie, Sandrine Leveillé, Erianna Bellaton, Dominique Garion, Martine Levine, Claire Colmant, Cécile Goujard, Marc Tardieu, Florent Fuchs, Ikram Jrad, Delphine Peretti, Katia Bourdic, Corinne Fourcade, Catherine Chirouze, Jean-Marie Estavoyer, Robert Maillet, Véronique Reliquet, Cécile Brunet, Isabelle Reynaud, Claire Briandet, Jacques Brouard, Gaël Beucher, Pascale Goubin, Cécile Lanty, Eric Froguel, Béatrice Gourdel, Arnaud Chalvon Demersay, Gilbert Algava, Véronique Hentgen, Fabienne Messaoudi, Pascale Nau, Jean-Marc Besnier, Jérôme Potin, Nadine Taché, Yves Bertrand, Kamila Kebaïli, Véronique Ronat, Anne Fresard, Kareen Billiemaz, Ramona Abrudan, Alain Fournié, Jean-Marie Chennebault, Philippe Arsac, Nicole Ciraru-Vigneron, Geneviève Mouchnino, Dominique Ayral, Nelly Guigue, Muriel Lalande, Paul Benos, Christiane De Gennes, Sonia Chanzy, Valérie Isart, François Cazassus, Véronique Walter, François Bissuel, Yamina Hammou, Sophie d'Angelo, Faïza Ajana, Françoise Mazingue, Raymond Mezin, Yves Hatchuel, André Cabié, and Narcisse Elenga
Subjects: Adult, Male, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Anti-HIV Agents, HIV Infections, Zidovudine, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, immune system diseases, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Antibiotic prophylaxis, Prospective cohort study, Chi-Square Distribution, Obstetrics, Transmission (medicine), Vaginal delivery, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, virus diseases, Antibiotic Prophylaxis, Viral Load, medicine.disease, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Surgery, Infectious Diseases, Cohort, Female, business, Viral load, medicine.drug
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Intrapartum intravenous zidovudine (ZDV) prophylaxis is a long-standing component of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in high-resource countries. In some recent guidelines, intravenous ZDV is no longer systematically recommended for mothers receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) with low viral load. We evaluated the impact of intravenous ZDV according to viral load and obstetrical conditions. METHODS: All HIV-1-infected women delivering between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 2010 in the French Perinatal Cohort (ANRS-EPF) were analyzed if they received ART during pregnancy and did not breastfeed. We identified maternal and obstetrical characteristics related to lack of intravenous ZDV and compared its association with MTCT rate and other infant parameters, according to various risk factors. RESULTS: Intravenous ZDV was used in 95.2% of the 11 538 deliveries. Older age, multiparity, and preterm and vaginal delivery were associated with lack of intravenous ZDV (n = 554). In women who delivered with viral load ≥1000 copies/mL, the overall MTCT rate was higher without than with intravenous ZDV (7.5% vs 2.9%; P = .01); however, there was no such difference when the neonate received postnatal intensification therapy. Among them, 77% of women who had viral load
Published: 2013
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18. Clinical features and prognostic factors of listeriosis: the MONALISA national prospective cohort study

Author: Odile Fremin-Batteux, Juliette Clarissou-Philippe, Benoît Jauhlac, Severine Guyetand, Jacques Gasnault, Corinne Haioun, Liamine Aissaoui, Marie-Christine Pages, Marie-Pierre Fos, Christian Rose, Didier Hubert, Marie-Rose Rothe, N. Bouziges, Benoît Huc, François Devianne, Sabine Bidart, Anne Forest, Kevin Bertrand, Mohamed Eldeghedy, Annick Verhaeghe, Caroline Malderet, Anne Bertrou, Bernard Guerquin, Catherine Duche, Muriel Archambaud, Rabea Cotteret, Olivier Toullalan, Yves Devaux, Smail Bergheul, Valérie Sivadon-Tardy, Pierre-Gilles Merville, Geneviève Blanchard-Marche, Didier Raoult, Bernard Hory, Florence Richardin, Evelyne Belle, Mohamed Menouar, K Guitteaud, Mohamad Mohty, Ambroise Montcriol, Max Laurin, Aurélia Picard, Jean-Paul Mira, Marie-Charlotte Chopin, Richard Bonnet, Michel Wolff, Sébastien Maillez, Jeanne Maugein, Véronique Leblond, Nicola Walid, Bernard Gauche, Mathieu Evillard, Hassen Jeddi, Anne Bourlet, Isabelle Grawey, Thierry Jault, Sandrine Hiret, Valerie Gaborieau, Véronique Boin-Gay, An Kim, Thierry Constans, Jean-François Gaide, Martine Giraud, Eric Meaudre Desgouttes, Alain Fur, Abdallah Maakaroun, Olivier Matray, Bertrand Maubert, Frédérique Péchinot, Aurelie Garbi, Claire Delbrouck, Benoît Grandclerc, Vincent Cadiergue, Hervé Lécuyer, Bernadette Grignon, Thierry Bensaid, Nicole Constantin, Yannick Chevalier, Hassène Rahmani, Thierry Levent, Joelle Desliers, Florence Van de Velde, Xavier Adhoute, Clara Andriau, Christophe Charasse, Rémi Vatan, Benoît Martha, Alain Lecis, Didier Albert, Romain Jacobs, Hélène Lefranc, Christian Martin, Nasseur Rezgui, Bertrand Pigeon, Catherine Le Henaff, Dominique Cassignard, Françoise Cotes, Eric Pujade Lauraine, Jean-François Gattault, Nicole Ferreira-Maident, Noémie Jourde-Chiche, Hélène Garrec, Olivier Darchen, Carole Schwebel, Marie-Christine Bezian, Patrick Daoud, Tsouria Becaid, Simone Laluque, David Broche, Christine Boisselier, Pascale Martres, Sarah Hammami, Brigitte Olivier, Jean-Marie Nkunzimana, Eric Monlun, Isabelle Marterl-Lafay, Marion Carboni, Marie-Françoise Mattei, Sandrine Castelin, Isabelle Barillot, Marie-Noelle Cufi, Thomas Kaiser, Catherine Herry, Pascal Hutin, Jean-Pierre Bronowicki, Bernard Branger, Pierre Thomas, Elie Zagdoun, Anne Goquelin, Ziad Assaf, Ingrid Croquet, Bruno Pozzetto, Thomas Similowski, Anne-Isabelle Briere, Marie-Thérèse Albertini, Mariam Blaka, Christelle Tassot, Anne Gaschet, Jean-Philippe Lavigne, Antoine Pujol, Philippe Colombat, Edouard Devaud, Hana Talabani-Boizot, François Barière, Anne-Marie Cordier, Philippe Gueudet, Georges Simon, Anne-Sophie Lipovac, Françoise Bandaly, Anne Beauplet-Lepage, Sylvie Prince, Charlotte Jouzel, Jean-Luc Deboutin, Patrick Zavadil, Louis Puybasset, Marie-Cécile Petit, Loïc Guillevin, Kamel Touati, Christophe Ntalu Nkato, Sylvie Carette, Jacques Vaucel, Chantal Delasalle, Marine Gross Goupil, Laurent Gutmann, Christiane Payen, Annick Barboteau, Firouzé Bani-Sadr, Christophe Legendre, Philippe Roulier, Elie Azria, Ibrahim Farah, Isabelle Rouquette-Vincent, Anne-Sophie Erena-Penet, Philippe Labadie, Eric Josien, Aicha Derragui, Mathieu Legrand, Odile Beyne-Rauzy, Jean-Marc Nabholtz, Marie-Joelle Demarcq, Olivier Garosi, Michel Deiber, Fabrice Chaix, Bertrand Souweine, Anne Collignon, Gisèle Renard, Mickael Jego, Gilles Bernardin, Anne Allart, Jocelyn Barrier, Marc Vasse, Philippe Ménager, Marc Wurmser, Abderkader Ouazir, Olivier Gontieron, Yvon Berland, Sébastien Trouiller, David Leysenne, Christophe Ozanon, Fanny Autret, Tahar Saghi, Loïc Dopeux, Sophie Benoit-Coustou, T. Fraisse, Christine Maillard, Karine Nikodijevic, Georges Kaltenbach, Angéline Jamet, Philippe Aucher, Julie Bottero, Marie-Claude Piffaut, Marianne Besnard, Florence Courillon, Marie Bonfils, Christine Ghevaert, Marie Destors, Eliette Jeanmaire, Franck Zerbib, Manuel-Luis Gameiro, T Prazuck, Laurent Mandin, Olivier Guisset, Marguerite Fines, Toufik Feddal, Agnès Jouffret, Louis Mesnard, Thomas Bourrée, Hasinrina Razafimahefa, Sylvestre Tigaud, Vincent Estève, Philippe Malherbe, Jean-Michel Salord, Pascal Adam, Bertrand Rozec, Michel Fuillet, Olivier Lemenand, Denis Quinsat, Ana Danalaché, Véronique Vialette, François Brosset, Patrick Messner Pellenc, Nicolas Heisel, Edouard Girard, Régine Martin, Olivier Garesslin, Catherine Mille, Alexandre Gascon, Marc Nicolino, Laurence Mouly, Claire Fabre, Bénédicte Ponceau, Marie-Etiennette Emeriau, Pascal Cathebras, Bérangère Bernardaud, Michèle Pérouse de Montclos, O. Arsene, Karine Grenet, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Sten De Witte, Anne Scemla, Laurence Bouillet, Christophe Burucoa, Vincent Loffeier, Séverine Visentin, Luc Desfrere, Miloud Arabi, Frédérique Costa, Sylvie Lechat, Ali Chekroun, Raymond Ruimy, Marie, Jérôme Bizet, Xavier Nassif, Baihas Dib, Patrick Bert-Marcaz, Laurent Martin Lefèvre, Nicholas Sedillot, Blandine Cattier, Emilie Boidin, Daniel Sondag, Aude Bourrouillou, Alain Noirot, Franck Desemerie, Fréderic Heluwaert, Catherine Tamalet, Marc G. 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Costa, Chandrah Goburdhun, Bernard Gressier, Alban Michaud-herbst, Franck Charlier, Moussa Hecham, Luc Boulain, Hélène Corneloup, Alix Greder Belan, Nicolas Boussekey, Claire-Antoinette Dupuy, Yannick Rouquet, Benoit Renard, Benifla Jl, Etienne Javouhey, Michèle Granier, Marie-Christine Jaffarbandjee, Emilie Piet, Benoît Bergues, Claire Malbrunot, Catherine Tiry, Philippe Mérigot, Mouna Ben Soltana, Chantal Roure Sobas, Florian Radenac, Yves Thomas, Agathe Blaise, Sylvie De Martino, Laurence Legout, Gabriel Choukroun, Jean-François Muir, Peggy Dupretz, Patrick Dupont, François Guichart, Julie Jean, Jean-Michel Descamps, Bernard Kittschke, Anne Gruson, Gerard Viquesnel, Marie Keller, Pascal Chavanet, Françis Vallet, Yvan Vaschalde, Jean-Luc Hanouz, Gerard Lina, Françoise Loison, Simon Vincent, Jean-Paul Thellier, Moncef Afi, Dominique Zagozda, Hélène Sokeng-Affoule, Marc Le Bideau, Jean-François Loriferne, Alain Gravet, Sophie Deprecq, Tarik Naceur, Severine Mielczarek, René-Jean Bensadoun, Bernard Karkous, Yves Bléher, Jocelyne Poulain, Véronique Goulet, Laurence Nicolet, Sophie Arista, Antônio Lúcio Teixeira, Jean-François Schved, Laurent Nicolet, Claire Lecomte, Faiza Benddif-Fin, Michel Aumersier, Laurence Burc-Struxiano, Maxime Thouvenin, Samia Harbi, Mathieu Detave, Catherine Rebeyrotte, Jean-Paul Kisterman, Bruno Berdin, Pascal Vincent, Laurent Argaud, Elisabeth Parisi-Duchene, Geneviève Julienne, Fernanda Farto-Bensasson, Georges-Fabrice Blum, Sad Gaizi, Tali-Anne Szwebel, Raphaël Lepeule, Marie-Thérèse Climas, Anne-Françoise Dillies, Amar Boudhane, Umberto Simeoni, Pierre-François Dequin, Gérard Oliviero, Alain Gourlaouen, Caroline Piau, Marie-France Lutz-Murphy, Benoît Claude, Jean-Paul Aubry, Nadine Dubosc-Marchenay, Kamilla Chraibi, Emmanuelle Heusse, Sylvain Le Chevallier, Nathalie Brieu, Farid Sifaoui, Lorraine Letranchant, Hélène Durox, Jean-Pierre Lagasse, Adel Ghedira, Xavier Roubert, Fatma Magdoud, Hélène Jean-Pierre, Etienne Carbonelle, Olivier Dereeper, Lionel Carbillon, Christophe Billy, Mélanie Roblin, Marie-José Kodzin, Philippe Niel, Solène Makdessi, Matteo Vassallo, Maryse Archambaud, Fabian Haccourt, Didier Blaise, Stéphane Bourgeois, Elena Marcu, Charles Kubiak, Brisse Castel, François Guinet, Marie Pouzoullic, Frédérique Nathan-Bonnet, Vincent Gendrin, Céline Becherrawy, Aline Secher, Pierre Abgueguen, Clarence Eloy, Jean-Marc Tourani, Frédéric Klapczynski, Bernard Montmasson, Philippe Real, Joanna Pofelski, Yves Welker, Karim Krechiem, Eric Caumes, Martine Elena-Daumas, Christophe Saigne, Gilles Hittinger, Chantal Delesalle, Jonathan Messika, Fabrice Lesage, Daniela Pop, Daniel Coetmeur, Renato Colamarino, Chetaou Mahaza, Patrick Plésiat, Isabelle Fredenucci, Mylène Baret, Guy Mager, Pascale Chavel, Isabelle Labourdette, Anne-Claude Menguy, Nicolas Fortineau, Ludovic Le Sec, Valérie Gauduchon, Francis Barraud, Nicolas Letellier, Didier Vincent, Janine Frey, Philippe Riegel, Michel Pavic, Jean-Luc Fabre, Jean-Pierre Fauchart, Alain Goudeau, Stéphanie Husson-Wetzel, Philippe Eymerit, Mohamed Camara, Nathalie Seta, Elisabeth Carole Ngo Bell, Philippe Repellin, Laurent Alric, Vincent Leroy, Françoise Delisle Mizon, Jean-Philippe Emond, Marie-Françoise Borie, Lise Crémet, Wladimir Chelle, Elisabeth Brottier-Mancini, Bernard Garrigues, Claire Letellier, Loïc Geffray, Frédéric Méchaï, Julien Bador, Benoit Guery, Alain-Charles Fouilhoux, Corinne Dagada, Pierre Duhaut, Julien Goustille, Arnaud Sément, Francis Carcenac, Isabelle Girard-Buttaz, Claire Chapuzet, Fabienne Jouatte, Bruno Riou, Fabrice Hayoun, Chloé Di Meglio, Youssef Ali, Michel Leneveu, Nathalie Montagne, Yves Garcera, Audrey Moustache, Pierre-Eric Danin, Geneviève Le Lay, Dominique Courouge-Dorcier, Isabelle Worcel, Emmanuel Morelon, Vincent Pestre, Jean-Pierre Vilque, Jean-Christophe Paquet, Lucien Bodson, Anne-Marie Forest, Fabrice Pierre, Christian Pommier, Fabien Dutasta, Pierre Fournel, Stéphanie Courtois, Elodie Dubois, Serge Vanden Einjden, Patrick Honderlick, Pascal Richette, Fabienne Tamion, Véronique Chassy, Richard Megbemado, Anne-Marie Le Reste, Bernard Simian, Henri Osman, Anthony Texier, Badih Ayach, François Simon, Jean-Michel Filloux, Béatrice Dubourdieu, Jean-Claude Semet, Sarah Kubab, Tawfiq Henni, Patrick Dudeffant, Delphine Hequet, Olivier Mimoz, Marc Auburtin, Amélie Chabrol, Mickael Bonnan, Caroline Léonnet, Claire Wintenberger, Serge Ilunga, Patrice Lanba, Sophie Rosello, Alexandre Damage, Flore Bouche, Michel Thibault, Frederic Faibis, Chantal Dhennain, Jean-Philippe Talarmin, Armelle Lamour, Remi Boussier, Fabien Garnier, Marie-Laure Brival, Nourredine Hedjem, Philippe Vande-perre, Raphaël Coint, Jean-Claude Reveil, Eva Weinbronn, Emmanuelle Lavalard, Alexandra Fille, Françoise Le Turdu, Lionel Leroux, Jean-Yves Lefrant, Jean Berthet, Radia Bouaziz, Alain Ravaud, Sylvaine Rousseau, Yacine Merrouche, Alain Le Coustumier, Bertrand Guider, Gisèle Dewulf, Jean-Marc Faucheux, Jacques Piquet, Franck Leibinger, Charles Cerf, Robin Stephan, Jean-Philippe Redonnet, Jean-Paul Stahl, Ella Dzeing, Simona Pavel, Guy Vernet, Ghada Hatem, Samer Kayal, Jacques Deschamps, Dominique Descamps, Marion Levast, Marc Bouiller, Sylvie Dargere, Claire Dingremont, Stéphane Gaudry, François Maillot, Sylvie Odent, Nathalie Cervantes, Hélène Zanaldi, Laurence Gachassin, Olivier Ruyer, David Patin, Benoît Cazenave, Pascal Jacquier, Michelle Boyer, Béatrice Berteaux, Virginie Zarrouk, Jacques Bor, Isabelle Legoff, Hélène Albinet, Florence Rousseau, Gilles Pialoux, Guenaelle Salaun-Beretta, Alexandra Moura, Véronique Vernet Garnier, Didier Lepelletier, Pierre-Alexandre Hauss, Joëlle Belaisch-Amart, Didier Lepeletier, Jacob Xavier, Aline Nare, Annie Motard-Picheloup, Alain Améri, Bertrand Lioger, Jean-Valère Malfuson, Centre d'infectiologie Necker-Pasteur [CHU Necker], Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre National de Référence Listeria - National Reference Center Listeria (CNRL), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre collaborateur de l'OMS Listeria / WHO Collaborating Centre Listeria (CC-OMS / WHO-CC), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 - UFR de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Département de Médecine interne [Lariboisière], Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Biologie des Infections - Biology of Infection, Service de Gynécologie et Obstétrique [Cochin], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Investigation Clinique et d’Accès aux Ressources Biologiques (Plate-forme) - Clinical Investigation and Access to BioResources (ICAReB), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Infectious Disease Department [Saint Maurice], Agence Nationale de la Santé Publique [Saint-Maurice] (ANSP), Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), CHU Amiens-Picardie, Mécanismes physiopathologiques et conséquences des calcifications vasculaires - UR UPJV 7517 (MP3CV), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-CHU Amiens-Picardie, MONALISA study group, Programme Hospitalier Recherche Clinique, Institut Pasteur, Inserm, French Public Health Agency., ROZIER, marie-Claire, CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Centre National de Référence Listeria - Biologie des Infections (CNRL), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre collaborateur de l'OMS Listeria - Biologie des Infections (CCOMS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Hôpital Lariboisière-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Cochin [AP-HP], Institut Pasteur [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Centre National de Référence Listeria - Biologie des Infections ( CNRL ), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Centre collaborateur de l'OMS (CCOMS) des Listeria ( CCOMS ), Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité ( CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A 1125) ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Sorbonne Paris Cité ( USPC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 - UFR de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie ( UPMC ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Hôpital Lariboisière, Biologie des Infections, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Investigation Clinique et d’Accès aux Ressources Biologiques (Plate-forme) - Clinical Investigation and Access to BioResources ( ICAReB ), Agence Nationale de la Santé Publique [Saint-Maurice] ( ANSP ), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), and Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Bacteremia/epidemiology/mortality, 0301 basic medicine, Male, Pediatrics, bacteraemia, Infectious Disease Transmission, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Bacteremia, France/epidemiology, Infant, Newborn, Diseases, Foodborne Diseases, Meningoencephalitis, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Vertical, Medicine, Listeriosis, Prospective Studies, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Prospective cohort study, ddc:618, diabetes, alcoholism, Hazard ratio, Foodborne Diseases/microbiology, immuno suppressive therapies, Prognosis, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Hospitalization, Infectious Diseases, isolates, Population Surveillance, Female, France, Listeria monocytogenes/classification/isolation & purification, Cohort study, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, 030106 microbiology, Notifiable disease, Listeriosis/diagnosis/epidemiology/microbiology, Context (language use), macromolecular substances, 03 medical and health sciences, Humans, study, Aged, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], business.industry, Public health, cirrhosis, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Diseases/epidemiology/microbiology, HIV, Mandatory Reporting, Newborn, medicine.disease, Listeria monocytogenes, infection, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology/microbiology, Meningoencephalitis/epidemiology/microbiology/mortality, Observational study, business, prognostic, mellitus
Abstract: International audience; Evidence before this study We searched PubMed on June 30, 2016, for English-language cohort studies published since Jan 1, 1980, of patients with invasive listeriosis worldwide with the keywords " listeria " , " listeriosis " , " maternal " , and " neurolisteriosis ". Studies had to include epidemiological or clinical data on listeriosis. All clinical forms of infection were included (bacteraemia, neurolisteriosis, and maternal–neonatal infection). Host risk factors for listeriosis have been well identified, but the clinical features and prognostic factors of the disease are based on retrospective studies compiling heterogeneous data or random collected cases. Furthermore, no clinical trial has ever been done and medical management is not evidence based. Added value of the study Our study is the first prospective clinical study focusing on all forms of invasive listeriosis. The study is based on a national mandatory system that allowed the nearly complete capture of microbiologically proven cases. The study shows a higher burden of listeriosis than reported before: more than 80% of infected mothers experienced major fetal or neonatal complications (fetal loss, very high prematurity, early or late onset disease); only 39% of patients with neurolisteriosis survived and fully recovered. The study provides important new data to improve management and predict outcome in listeriosis, such as determination of the time window for fetal losses (
Published: 2016
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19. Aregenerative anemia and erythrocytes hemighosts: a case report

Author: Sylvie Sauvion, Loïc de Pontual, Tewfik Bibi-Triki, Joël Gaudelus, Valérie Bélien, Emeline Chapelon, and Yves Laurian
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Erythrocytes, Anemia, Gastroenterology, Diagnosis, Differential, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Child, business.industry, Anemia, Aplastic, Hemighosts, Normal level, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Red blood cell, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency, medicine.anatomical_structure, Blood smear, Erythrocyte Count, Aregenerative anemia, business, Low reticulocyte count, Severe anaemia
Abstract: An 11 year old African boy without previous history was hospitalised for fever and a severe anaemia (haemoglobin = 55 g/L) with low reticulocyte count. Blood smear showed more than 35% of ghost red blood cells which allows the diagnosis of G6PD deficiency (< 1% of normal level). Anaemia was demonstrated as haemolytic and was associated with a drepanocytosis trait. Aspect of red blood cells on blood smear remains important for the diagnosis of congenital or acquired red blood cell diseases, even abnormalities are often of low specificity.
Published: 2011
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20. Hospitalization of newborns and young infants for chickenpox in France

Author: Robert M. Cohen, Joël Gaudelus, Emmanuel Grimprel, E. Caulin, Benoît Soubeyrand, Daniel Floret, Corinne Levy, and A. Lécuyer
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Epidemiology, viruses, Population, Short Report, medicine.disease_cause, Varicella, Chickenpox, Risk Factors, Virology, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, education, education.field_of_study, Chi-Square Distribution, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Varicella zoster virus, Infant, Newborn, virus diseases, Infant, Pediatric practice, medicine.disease, Hospitalization, El Niño, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Infectious diseases, Female, Viral disease, France, business, Infants
Abstract: Chickenpox is often considered more severe during the first year of life, but its course is usually mild during the first 3 months of life, presumably owing to the persistence of maternal antibodies. Hospitalization and intravenous acyclovir therapy are generally restricted to severe cases but also systematically recommended in newborns in France, irrespective of the clinical severity of the infection. This recommendation was launched in 1998 when Varicella zoster virus (VZV)-specific immunoglobulins were not available in the country and has remained unchanged since. The aim of this prospective observational study was to describe complications of varicella infection in a population of 745 children hospitalized for varicella before 1 year of age, with a specific focus on newborns. Complications occurred in 65% of cases. They were very rare before the age of 1 month (10%) but their incidence then increased progressively with age and probably the disappearance of maternal antibodies: 42% (1-2 months), 66% (3-5 months), 70% (6-8 months), and 79% (9-12 months). Conclusion Chickenpox is usually mild in newborns because most of them are protected by VZV maternal antibodies. Unless the absence of maternal VZV immunity is demonstrated, newborns with mild chickenpox should not require antiviral therapy.
Published: 2010

21. Pertussis vaccination coverage among French parents of infants after 10years of cocoon strategy

Author: F. Denis, O. Chevaillier, Jean-Paul Stahl, Joël Gaudelus, Robert M. Cohen, Alain Martinot, and P. Pujol
Subjects: Adult, Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Whooping Cough, Immunization, Secondary, Mothers, Cocooning (immunization), 03 medical and health sciences, Fathers, 0302 clinical medicine, 030225 pediatrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Medicine, Humans, Pertussis vaccination, 030212 general & internal medicine, Young adult, Child, Whooping cough, Retrospective Studies, Pertussis Vaccine, business.industry, Immunization Programs, Vaccination, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Retrospective cohort study, medicine.disease, Infectious Diseases, Vaccination coverage, Child, Preschool, Health Care Surveys, Pertussis vaccine, Female, France, Self Report, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: The cocoon strategy against pertussis has been recommended in France since 2004 to indirectly protect young infants who are not yet vaccinated. We aimed to measure vaccination coverage among French parents of infants.A representative sample of 300 mothers and 200 fathers of infants aged12 months completed a self-administered online questionnaire. They all provided their own vaccination records.Overall, 87% of mothers believed vaccination against pertussis to be important; 83% reported being immunized against pertussis but their vaccination records showed that a third of them was wrong (34%). On the basis of our sample, the 2009-2014 vaccination coverage against pertussis among mothers increased from 22 to 61% (P0.005); over the same period of time, vaccination coverage against diphtheria, tetanus, and polio remained stable (80%). Vaccination coverage against pertussis among fathers increased from 21 to 42% between 2010 and 2013 (P=0.009). In 2013, one couple out of four (26%) was adequately immunized against pertussis.The cocoon strategy was implemented 10years ago in France but vaccination coverage remains suboptimal among parents of young infants. Healthcare professionals must recommend vaccination against pertussis to young adults and check that their vaccination status is up to date.
Published: 2015

22. Public health impact of Infanrix hexa (DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib) reimbursement: A study programme in France. Part 1: Evolution of hepatitis B vaccine coverage rates in infants aged less than 27 months, in the general population - the PopCorn study

Author: Mathilde Pouriel, F. Vié le Sage, Nathalie Texier, F. Lert, Joël Gaudelus, V. Dufour, Gérard Bréart, and B. Tehard
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Parents, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Hepatitis B vaccine, Epidemiology, 030106 microbiology, Population, Context (language use), 03 medical and health sciences, Medicine, Humans, Hepatitis B Vaccines, Vaccines, Combined, education, Reimbursement, Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine, Haemophilus Vaccines, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Public health, Medical record, Vaccination, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Infant, Fear, Health Care Costs, Hepatitis B, medicine.disease, Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated, Child, Preschool, Insurance, Health, Reimbursement, France, Public Health, business
Abstract: Reimbursement of the hexavalent vaccine (Infanrix hexa) comprising the DTPa-IPV-Hib components and the hepatitis B valence in a single vaccine was decided in March 2008 in France. The impact of its reimbursement on the hepatitis B vaccine coverage rate was assessed in a study conducted in the general population prior to and after implementation of the reimbursement policy.The PopCorn study (NCT01782794) was a national, cross-sectional and repeated study, with four assessment periods over 3 years, from 2009 to 2012, to assess the hepatitis B vaccine coverage in 12- to 15- and 24- to 27-month-old children, vaccinated between 2007 and 2011 and selected by the quota sampling method. Face-to-face interviews were conducted at their homes and vaccination status was collected using their child's health record. Parents were also interviewed on their perceptions and acceptance of hepatitis B vaccination. Three indicators were calculated to assess hepatitis B vaccination coverage: proportions of infants with at least one dose before 6 months of age, with at least two doses before 6 months of age and with a complete schedule at 24 months of age.A total of 4903 children were enrolled in the study. An overall significant increase (P-value [P0.05]) of the three indicators of interest over the four periods of time was observed for both age groups. The proportion of children receiving hepatitis B vaccination before 6 months increased from 21% at baseline (before vaccine reimbursement) to almost 75% at the last assessment period in 2012. More than 60% of 24- to 27-month-old children received a complete schedule in 2012 compared to 33% at baseline. No significant increases in the proportions of parents "favourable" and "moderately in favour" of hepatitis B vaccination were observed across the four evaluation periods (respectively, 17-22% and 48-50%, P=0.09).The rapid increase of hepatitis B vaccination coverage suggests a significant change in hepatitis B vaccination practice related to the hexavalent vaccine's reimbursement. This change was observed in a context of stability regarding parents' perceptions and acceptance of hepatitis B vaccination and of coverage rates for other infant vaccinations.
Published: 2015

23. Public health impact of Infanrix hexa™ (DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib) reimbursement: A study programme in France. Part 2: Evolution of the acceptability of infants' vaccination against hepatitis B in general and pediatric practices - the PRALINE study

Author: Gérard Bréart, Stéphane Schück, F. Lert, Joël Gaudelus, B. Tehard, Nathalie Texier, V. Dufour, F. Vié le Sage, and Mathilde Pouriel
Subjects: Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Hepatitis B vaccine, Epidemiology, Cross-sectional study, General Practice, 030501 epidemiology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030225 pediatrics, Medicine, Humans, Hepatitis B Vaccines, Vaccines, Combined, Reimbursement, Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine, Haemophilus Vaccines, business.industry, Public health, Vaccination, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Infant, Hepatitis B, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, medicine.disease, Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated, Cross-Sectional Studies, Telephone interview, Child, Preschool, Insurance, Health, Reimbursement, Female, France, Public Health, 0305 other medical science, business, Viral hepatitis
Abstract: The reimbursement of the hexavalent vaccine (Infanrix hexa™), comprising the DTPa-IPV-Hib components and the hepatitis B recombinant in a single vaccine, was approved in France in March of 2008. The impact of its reimbursement on physicians' decisions to vaccinate infants against hepatitis B was assessed in a study conducted with general practitioners and pediatricians.The PRALINE study (NCT01777074) was a national, cross-sectional, repeated study with two measurement periods (T1 and T2) that measured the changes in physicians' acceptance of hepatitis B vaccination of infants before and for the 3 years after the approval of the hexavalent vaccine reimbursement. Two patient registers were created for each measurement period to enroll the first 15 12- to 15-month-old infants and the first 15 24- to 27-month-old children seen by the practitioners. The proportion of eligible children receiving a hepatitis B vaccine for each physician's practice was calculated. Practitioners also answered a vaccination practice questionnaire via telephone interviews.Across the two study periods, 418 general practitioners and 463 pediatricians were recruited and responded to the telephone interview on their vaccination practices. The overall number of children included in the study in both study periods reached almost 20,000. In the general practitioners group, there was a significant increase in the proportion of physicians "practicing hepatitis B vaccination" (i.e., at least 50% of eligible children receiving the initial hepatitis B vaccination) in children 24-27 months old (79% T2 versus 47% T1, P-value [P]0.001). Similarly, the proportion of pediatricians initiating hepatitis B vaccination increased from 51% (T1) to 94% (T2) (P0.0001). General practitioners offered hepatitis B vaccination to infants more systematically in the second study period (87% T2 versus 73% T1, P0.001) and also suggested the use of the hexavalent vaccine to more patients after reimbursement (92% T2 versus 78% T1, P0.0001). The proportion of pediatricians offering vaccination to every infant was high at T1 (94%) and remained steady (97%) with a high use of the hexavalent vaccine (94% T1 and 96% T2).The PRALINE study shows a significant and immediate change in the hepatitis B vaccination practices of general practitioners and pediatricians following hexavalent vaccine reimbursement with a significant increase in hepatitis B vaccine coverage in infants.
Published: 2015

24. Interferon-gamma Release Assay Performance for Diagnosing Tuberculosis Disease in 0- to 5-year-old Children

Author: Nadège Gourgouillon, Albert Faye, Béatrice Pédron, Ghislaine Sterkers, Camille Debord, Joël Gaudelus, Valérie Guérin-El Khourouj, and Agathe de Lauzanne
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, Interferon gamma release assay, Tuberculin, Sensitivity and Specificity, Interferon-gamma, Tuberculosis diagnosis, Internal medicine, Humans, Medicine, Tuberculosis Disease, Retrospective Studies, Tuberculin Test, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Retrospective cohort study, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, bacterial infections and mycoses, medicine.disease, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, France, Interferon-gamma Release Tests, Immunocompetence, business
Abstract: QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube performance was evaluated in 19 French immunocompetent children (0.29-5.36 years; median: 1.52) with active tuberculosis. The rate of indeterminates results was 0/19 and the rates of positivity were 6/10 and 9/9 in
Published: 2011
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25. Increased risk of serious bacterial infections due to maternal immunosuppression in HIV-exposed uninfected infants in a European country

Author: Marie Medus, Vincent Gajdos, Laure Clech, Céline Goissen, Arnaud Chalvon Demersay, Virginie Zarouk, Louis Bernard, Pierre-François Ceccaldi, René-Charles Rudigoz, Patricia Murger, Philippe Le Moine, Catherine Chirouze, Mandovi Rajguru, Ludovic Cravello, Véronique Lefevre Elbert, Luminata Shneider, Guy Leverger, Tessa Goetghebuer, Kamila Kebaili, Eliane Galiba, Claudine Touboul, Françoise Meier, Didier Tardif, Dieudoné Ekoukou, Michèle Granier, Ahmed Zakaria, Corinne Cudeville, Laurence Benoist, Emilie Piet, Emmanuelle Vintejoux, Yves Hatchuel, Christophe Michau, Jean-Luc Schmidt, Michel Françoise, Claire Briandet, Stéphane Blanche, Philippe Bailly-Salin, Anne Vanderbergh, Jeanne Sibiude, Christiane Kommé, Benoît Martha, Camille Runel-Belliard, Claire Pluchart, Imad Nahri, Vincent Jeantils, François Hervé, Isabelle Hau, Agnès Lefort, Dominique Ayral, Delphine Peretti, Stéphanie Proust, Marie Belloy, Christine Rouzioux, Arnaud Boutet, Philippe Van de Perre, Elisabeth Broustal, Cécile Hafner Mauvais, Thierry Pistone, Marie-Dominique Tabone, Hélène Dauphin, Laurent Cotte, Clement Taron-Brocard, Jean-Marie Lang, Christine Boissinot, Antoine Doumet, André Bongain, Narcisse Elenga, Geneviève Mouchnino, Anne Boutemy, Christine Cheneau, Pascale Perfezou, Pierre Frange, Mathilde Niault, Christelle Dupre, Anne Chacé, Jean-Paul Teglas, Corinne Daniel, Sophie Matheron, Severine Ansart, Martine Levine, Fabienne Caby, Marc Duval-Arnould, Isabelle Metheron, Kareen Billiemaz, Albert Faye, Didier Armangaud, Yamina Hammou, Neila Elaoun, Anne Deville, Philippe Arsac, Lydie Sanchez, Odile Luycx Vaillant, Philippe Lumbroso, Marie-Gisèle Lebrette, Norbert Winer, Elise Maurel, Ramona Abrudan, Luc De Saint Martin, Françoise Jacquier, Christian Calvez, Fabrice Monpoux, Louis Mesnard, Marie-Aude Khuong-Josses, David Rey, Isabelle Belzic, Christine Allisy, Claire Genet, Hervé Seaume, Roland Tubiana, Jacques Reynes, Pascale Nau, Gilles Blondin, Eric Lachassine, Yves Poinsignon, Cédric Arvieux, Leila Karaoui, Anaïs Perilhou, Amélie Benbara, Marine Joras, Sophie Leautez-Nainville, Sophie Ducroix-Roubert, Raghad Moalim, Pascal Bolot, Jacques Gaillat, Olivier Bollengier Stragier, Alain Devidas, Muriel Lalande, Delphine Lemercier, Jean-Pierre Brossier, Emmanuelle Boutard, Isolde Pauly-Ravelly, Marie-Françoise Le Coz, Anne Grelier, Alain Alissa, Christiane De Gennes, Jean-Luc Delassus, Emmanuel Mortier, Faiza Ajana, Ghislaine Firtion, Alain Berrebi, Rose Nguyen, Sarah Ducrocq, Jean-Marc Chamouilli, Fabienne Mazy, Maïa Banigé, Khaled Mohamed, Natacha Entz-Werle, Jacques Brouard, Germaine Bachelard, Sandrine Delmas, Anne Constanty, Véronique Reliquet, Sophie Couderc, Florence Veber, Lahcene Allal, Catherine Crenn-Hebert, Blandine Muanza, Gaelle Pinto-Cardoso, Laurent Mandelbrot, Ama Johnson, Fabienne Messaoudi, Christian Burle, Josiane Warszawski, Bénédicte Carpentier, Dominique Brault, Suzanne Braig, Pascale Fialaire, Corinne Fourcade, Elisabeth Questiaux, Véronique Chambrin, Alain Lafeuillade, Véronique Hentgen, Yves Aubrard, Anne Borgne, Sandrine-Anne Martha, Evelyne Werner, Corinne Floch-Tudal, Agnès Bourgeois Moine, Corinne Routier, Jérôme Le Chenadec, Anne Coursol, Alain Fisher, Amélie Chabrol, Cécile Winter, Cécile Brunet-Cartier, Philippe Labrune, Claudine Cayla, Françoise Mazingue, Virginie Vitrat, Cyril Clavel, Michel Segondy, Ruxandra-Oana Calin, Lise Selleret, Pierre Weinbreck, Zaitoun Abdallah Moussa, Joël Gaudelus, Gaetane Mousset, Thomas Guimard, Agnès Villemant Uludag, Emmanuelle Pannier, Brigitte Clavier, Nicole Ciraru-Vigneron, Alain Checoury, Christophe Elleau, Manuela Bonmarchand, Catherine Dollfus, Joëlle Dendale-Nguyen, Adrien May, Pierre Chevojon, Claire Hubert, Constance Borie, Marialuisa Partisani, Elie Azria, Edouard Vaucel, Erianna Bellaton Marouts, Philippe Moreau, Jean-Luc Esnault, Mahfoud Rouha, Mary-France Courcoux, Brigitte Heller-Roussin, Gilles Hittinger, Christine Rouger, Lanto Ratsimbazafy, Jean-Marc Labaune, Mohamed Abdelhadi, Brigitte Elharrar, Joëlle Tricoire, Eric David, Hassan Safwan, Karine Guimard, Bruno Carbonne, Muriel Barat, Marion Dehlinger-Paul, Stéphane Bounan, Myriam Costa, Estelle Bauville, Didier Pinquier, Valérie Garrait, Etienne Dienga, Odile Launay, Zoha Maakroun, and Dominique Salmon Ceron
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, medicine.disease_cause, Infant, Newborn, Diseases, Pregnancy, medicine, Humans, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, Risk of infection, Hazard ratio, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Immunosuppression, Bacterial Infections, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Cohort, Female, France, business, Immunosuppressive Agents
Abstract: BACKGROUND Morbidity and mortality are higher among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exposed but uninfected (HEU) infants than unexposed infants, particularly if the mother had a low CD4 count. We investigated the possible association between maternal immune depression during pregnancy and the risk of infection in HEU infants in the national French Perinatal Cohort (EPF). METHODS All neonates, born alive, to HIV-1-infected women enrolled in the EPF between 2002 and 2010 were included. The primary outcome was the first serious (hospitalization or death) infection during the first year of life. The main exposure variable was maternal CD4 cell count near delivery. The Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox models were applied, with the different types of infections managed as competing events. RESULTS Among 7638 HEU neonates, 699 had at least 1 serious infection (of which 159 were bacterial) with a Kaplan-Meier probability of 9.3% (95% confidence interval, 8.7-10.0) at 1 year. The risk of serious bacterial infection during the first year of life significantly increased with lower maternal CD4 cell count, before and after adjustment for maternal CD4 cell count
Published: 2014

26. Post-mortem MRI reveals CPT2 deficiency after sudden infant death

Author: Pascale de Lonlay, Nicolas Sellier, Odile Rigal, Anne-Marie Teychene, Michèle Brivet, Jean-Paul Bonnefont, Joël Gaudelus, Vassili Valayannopoulos, Loïc de Pontual, and Karim Bouchireb
Subjects: Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Autopsy, Sudden death, Postmortem Changes, Carnitine, Cause of Death, Diagnosis, medicine, Humans, Sudden infant death, Cause of death, Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Infant, Magnetic resonance imaging, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Infant mortality, Fatty Liver, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Steatosis, business, Metabolism, Inborn Errors, Sudden Infant Death, Hepatomegaly
Abstract: Inherited metabolic disorders are the cause of a small but significant number of sudden infant deaths in infants. We report on a boy who suddenly died at 10 months of age during an acute illness. Parents declined autopsy; nevertheless, they accepted a whole body MRI, which revealed hepatomegaly with steatosis. Acylcarnitine profile of a blood sample from neonatal Guthrie screening led to the diagnosis of type 2 carnitine palmitoyltransferase deficiency. To conclude, whole body MRI is useful in the investigation of some inherited metabolic causes of sudden infant death, which might prevent future deaths in the family. It is a good alternative when autopsy is refused.
Published: 2010
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27. Report of a Case of Congenital Malaria Plasmodium malariae in France

Author: D. Haouchine, Anne Collignon, F. Ledeur, L. de Pontual, J. Le Bras, Isabelle Poilane, Joël Gaudelus, and E. Lachassinne
Subjects: Adult, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, Disease, Plasmodium malariae, medicine.disease_cause, Congenital malaria, Antimalarials, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, Protozoal disease, biology, business.industry, Infant, Chloroquine, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Malaria, Neonatal morbidity, Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Tropical medicine, Immunology, Female, France, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Congenital malaria (CM) has been considered to be rare, even in malaria-endemic areas but the disease can result in significant neonatal morbidity. Because of its rarity, the disease may go undiagnosed for a prolonged period in a seriously ill infant. We report the first case of Plasmodium malariae CM from a HIV mother. HIV could have facilitated the transfer of erythrocytic persistent P. malariae through the placenta to the fetus.
Published: 2006
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28. Papillomavirus vaccination in France according to 2008 to 2012 Vaccinoscopie(®) data

Author: F. Denis, Robert M. Cohen, V. Dury, M. Le Danvic, Joël Gaudelus, Jean-Paul Stahl, and Alain Martinot
Subjects: Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Adolescent, Vaccination schedule, media_common.quotation_subject, Mothers, Health Promotion, Surveys and Questionnaires, Medicine, Humans, Papillomavirus Vaccines, Human papillomavirus, Immunization Schedule, media_common, Daughter, Internet, business.industry, Medical record, Health Policy, Vaccination, Hpv vaccination, Infectious Diseases, Health Care Surveys, Immunology, Female, France, Guideline Adherence, business, Demography
Abstract: Vaccination against human papillomavirus infections (HPV), introduced in the French vaccinal schedule in 2007, was recommended until the end of 2012 for 14-year-old girls, with a catch-up policy until 23 years of age. We followed the evolution of this vaccine coverage rate (VC) during these 5 years in the Vaccinoscopie ® survey. Method We present the analysis of data collected in 2012 from a sample of 1136 mothers of girls 14 to 16 years of age. They answered a self-administered questionnaire on Internet and reported all vaccinations mentioned in their daughter's health record. Results In 2012, respectively 12.9%, 33.6%, and 48.1% of girls 14, 15 and 16 years of age had begun HPV vaccination (≥ 1 dose received) and respectively 4.3%, 23.6%, and 40.5% of them had received a complete vaccination schedule (3 doses), i.e. 31.7% of 14–16-year-old girls had started the vaccination schedule and 22.9% were fully vaccinated. VC for ≥ 1 dose had decreased between 2009 and 2012 (−14 points in 14-year-old girls, −16 points in 15-year-old girls, and −11 points between 2009 and 2012 in 16-year-old girls). Regional VCs were heterogeneous. Conclusion HPV VC is clearly insufficient. It is essential that physicians concerned by HPV vaccination be mobilized and take every opportunity to inform, reassure, and vaccinate teenage girls. HPV vaccination has been recommended for girls between 11 and 14 years of age since 2013, which could help improve adherence to vaccination.
Published: 2013

29. Vaccination against meningococcus C. vaccinal coverage in the French target population

Author: H. Lepetit, T. Lery, Jean-Paul Stahl, Joël Gaudelus, F. Denis, Robert M. Cohen, and Alain Martinot
Subjects: Adult, Counseling, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Mothers, Meningococcal Vaccines, Meningococcal vaccine, Target population, Neisseria meningitidis, Professional-Family Relations, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Humans, Child, Physician's Role, Reimbursement, Immunization Schedule, Health Services Needs and Demand, business.industry, Immunization Programs, Vaccination, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Health Surveys, Surgery, Meningococcal Infections, Infectious Diseases, Immunization, Vaccination policy, Child, Preschool, Insurance, Health, Reimbursement, Population study, Christian ministry, France, Guideline Adherence, business, Attitude to Health, Demography
Abstract: Immunization against meningococcus C has been recommended in France since 2009 (infants from 12 to 24 months of age, and catch up vaccination up to 25 years of age). It has been reimbursed since January 2010. We had for aim to assess the vaccine coverage in 2011. Method The study population included mothers of children targeted by the recommendation. They were recruited using Internet data (quotas based on the French National Institute of Statistics (INSEE) data based on a census made in 2007) based on the Institut des Mamans panel and its partners. The mothers had completed a standardized questionnaire and reported all vaccinations mentioned in their child's health-record. Results We included 3000 mothers of children, 0 to 35 months of age, (1000 for each of the following age range: 0–11 months, 12–23 months, 24–35 months), and 2250 mothers of teenagers, 14 to 16 years of age. Vaccination was deemed “essential/useful” for respectively 90.2% (CI 95%: 89.2–91.3) and 87.8% (CI 95%: 86.4–89.2) of mothers. Vaccine coverage levels were 32.3% (12–23 months), 57.3% (24–35 months), and 21.3% (14–16 years). Comments Two years after the Ministry of Health's decision to reimburse this vaccine, vaccine coverage levels were much lower than they should have been, to expect effectiveness of the vaccination policy. Only 21.3% of teenagers had been vaccinated, and 32.3% of infants during the second year of life.
Published: 2012

30. [Immunization of the preterm infant]

Author: Joël, Gaudelus, Eric, Lachassinne, and Loïc, de Pontual
Subjects: Vaccination, Infant, Newborn, Humans, Immunization Schedule, Infant, Premature
Published: 2012

31. [Vaccinations. Mobilizing to achieve greater efficiency]

Author: Joël, Gaudelus
Subjects: Vaccines, Health Policy, Vaccination, Humans
Published: 2011

32. [Preventive vaccination strategy during the perinatal period]

Author: Didier, Pinquier, Amaud, Gagneur, Joël, Gaudelus, and Stéphane, Marret
Subjects: Perinatal Care, Pregnancy, Vaccination, Infant, Newborn, Humans, Female, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Infant, Newborn, Diseases
Abstract: Preventive vaccination strategy around the birth is a global approach requiring the coordination of several actors. To be efficacious, general practitioners are in the front line to provide preventive care and health education. The perinatal period represents a privileged situation from listening to this approach of vaccine prevention. The raising awareness around the birth contains several additional steps to bring to the future mother and child the best protection against infectious diseases with vaccine prevention. By being vaccinated, parents and other family members indirectly provide protection to very young infants until they are old enough to be vaccinated and so directly protected themselves. Numerous opportunities exist to make sensitive the parents in this preventive way, for them and their child, whether it is from the adolescence in the adulthood above all parental project, on the occasion of a pregnancy, at birth, during the stay in maternity hospital, or along the first weeks of the postpartum. The general practitioner is the key actor to coordinate this global approach in perinatal health around the mother, his child and his family. The arrival of the newborn will be the opportunity to update vaccinations of the whole family particularly according chicken pox, measles, rubella, whooping cough and flu vaccines.
Published: 2011

33. [New recommendations about vaccination against meningocci C]

Author: Joël, Gaudelus and Loïc, de Pontual
Subjects: Vaccines, Conjugate, Immunization Programs, Humans, Meningococcal Vaccines, France, Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup C
Published: 2011

34. [Immunization against pneumococci with conjugate vaccine]

Author: Joël, Gaudelus
Subjects: Pneumococcal Vaccines, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Vaccines, Conjugate, Risk Factors, Humans, France, Immunization Schedule, Pneumococcal Infections
Abstract: Three years after the generalization of the recommendation of Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for all infants under two years of age, the rate of vaccine coverage is satisfactory for the primovaccination (above 85%) with a 2 + 1 schedule. Vaccine coverage is too low for the booster which is given too late (at 14,5 months of age) and not at of 12 months. This conjugate vaccine has a direct effect, due to the vaccine in the target population and indirect effect due to the action on the strains carriage which decreases the broadcasting of the vaccine serotype strains and protect non vaccinated populations. In 2007, invasive pneumococcal diseases (meningitis and bacteremia) have decreased about 3% in infants under two years of age but globally, the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease has not been modified. There is a substitution for strains and a change in the serotypes distribution with a prominence of 19A and 7 F and 1 serotype. Added to the benefit on invasive pneumococcal diseases, there are others on pneumonia, otitis media and antibiotic resistance of pneumococcus. Six serotypes have been added to obtain the Prevenar 13 which replaces the seven valent vaccine. Prevenar 13 has the same recommendations as Prevenar and can be given by the same schedule 2 + 1 (2 months, 4 months, and 12 months) except in high risk children and premature newborns who have to be vaccinated by a 3 + 1 schedule. Epidemological surveillance of the strains has to be done, As for adults, the data are currently being analyzed.
Published: 2011

35. [BCG vaccine is indispensible for the population at risk]

Author: Joël, Gaudelus
Subjects: Cross-Sectional Studies, Adolescent, Endemic Diseases, Risk Factors, Child, Preschool, BCG Vaccine, Humans, Infant, France, Child, Developing Countries, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
Published: 2011

36. [Pertussis]

Author: Joël, Gaudelus and Emmanuel, Grimprel
Subjects: Diagnosis, Differential, Hospitalization, Pertussis Vaccine, Whooping Cough, Humans, Infant, Antibiotic Prophylaxis, Anti-Bacterial Agents
Published: 2010

37. [Mobilize parents to vaccinate their children against hepatitis B: the role of the pediatrician]

Author: Joël, Gaudelus
Subjects: Adult, Parents, Adolescent, Vaccination, Infant, Hepatitis B, World Health Organization, Pediatrics, Young Adult, Treatment Outcome, Child, Preschool, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Humans, Hepatitis B Vaccines, France, Child, Physician's Role
Published: 2010

38. Temporal dynamics of interferon gamma responses in children evaluated for tuberculosis

Author: Agnès Ferroni, Jean-Louis Herrmann, Catherine Doit, Dominique Barraud, Hoang Vu-Thien, Edouard Bingen, Mustapha Terki, Brigitte Fauroux, Catherine Offredo, Philippe Cruaud, Martine Bingen, Marie Belloy, N. Simonney, Joël Gaudelus, Philippe H. Lagrange, Laure De LosAngeles, Patrick Berche, Rola Abou-Taam, M. Lebourgeois, Katarina Chadelat, Didier Moissenet, Nicole Beydon, Raphaël Porcher, and Pierre Scheinmann
Subjects: Infectious Diseases/Epidemiology and Control of Infectious Diseases, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Time Factors, Tuberculosis, Adolescent, Science, Pediatrics and Child Health, Infectious Diseases/Bacterial Infections, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pediatrics and Child Health/Respiratory Pediatrics, Interferon-gamma, Tuberculosis diagnosis, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Child, Prospective cohort study, Multidisciplinary, biology, Latent tuberculosis, business.industry, Infectious Diseases/Respiratory Infections, Infant, Newborn, Infant, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, ROC Curve, Child, Preschool, Immunology/Immune Response, Cohort, BCG Vaccine, Medicine, Female, France, Reagent Kits, Diagnostic, business, BCG vaccine, Research Article
Abstract: BackgroundDevelopment of T-cells based-Interferon gamma (IFNgamma) assays has offered new possibilities for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and active disease in adults. Few studies have been performed in children, none in France. With reference to the published data on childhood TB epidemiology in the Paris and Ile de France Region, we considered it important to evaluate the performance of IGRA (QuantiFERON TB Gold In Tube(R), QF-TB-IT) in the diagnosis and the follow-up through treatment of LTBI and active TB in a cohort of French children.Methodology/principal findings131 children were recruited during a prospective and multicentre study (October 2005 and May 2007; Ethical Committee St Louis Hospital, Paris, study number 2005/32). Children were sampled at day 0, 10, 30, 60 (except Healthy Contacts, HC) and 90 for LTBI and HC, and a further day 120, and day 180 for active TB children. Median age was 7.4 years, with 91% of the children BCG vaccinated. LTBI and active TB children undergoing therapy produced significant higher IFNgamma values after 10 days of treatment (p = 0.035). In addition, IFNgamma values were significantly lower at the end of treatment compared to IFNgamma values at day 0, although the number of positive patients was not significantly different between day 0 and end of treatment.Conclusions/ significanceBy following quantitative IFNgamma values in each enrolled child with LTBI or active TB and receiving treatment, we were able to detect an increase in the IFNgamma response at day 10 of treatment which might allow the confirmation of a diagnosis. In addition, a decline in IFNgamma values during treatment makes it possible for clinicians to monitor the effect of preventive or curative therapy.
Published: 2009

39. Herpes-Virus Infection in Patients with Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: A Case-Controlled Sero-Epidemiological Study, and In Situ Analysis

Author: Thierry Jo Molina, Marianne Leruez-Ville, Christophe Glorion, Marianne Debré, Jean Donadieu, Frederic Geissmann, Francis Devez, Francis Jaubert, Ludovic Mansuy, Brigitte Senechal, Caroline Thomas, Eric Jeziorski, Patrice Morand, Irène Joab, Joël Gaudelus, and Jean-Marie Seigneurin
Subjects: Adult, Herpesvirus 4, Human, Pediatrics and Child Health/Pediatric Oncology, Adolescent, viruses, Herpesvirus 6, Human, Pediatrics and Child Health, lcsh:Medicine, Cytomegalovirus, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Virus, Serology, Antigens, CD1, Cohort Studies, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, hemic and lymphatic diseases, medicine, Humans, lcsh:Science, Child, Cellular localization, Multidisciplinary, lcsh:R, virus diseases, Infant, Herpesviridae Infections, medicine.disease, Antigens, CD20, Virology, Epstein–Barr virus, Histiocytosis, Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell, Case-Control Studies, Child, Preschool, Immunology, lcsh:Q, Viral load, Hematology/Pediatric Hematology, CD79 Antigens, Immunosuppressive Agents, Research Article, Virology/Viruses and Cancer
Abstract: Background Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease that affects mainly young children, and which features granulomas containing Langerhans-type dendritic cells. The role of several human herpesviruses (HHV) in the pathogenesis of LCH was suggested by numerous reports but remains debated. Epstein-barr virus (EBV, HHV-4), & Cytomegalovirus (CMV, HHV-5) can infect Langerhans cells, and EBV, CMV and HHV-6 have been proposed to be associated with LCH based on the detection of these viruses in clinical samples. Methodology We have investigated the prevalence of EBV, CMV and HHV-6 infection, the characters of antibody response and the plasma viral load in a cohort of 83 patients and 236 age-matched controls, and the presence and cellular localization of the viruses in LCH tissue samples from 19 patients. Principal Findings The results show that prevalence, serological titers, and viral load for EBV, CMV and HHV-6 did not differ between patients and controls. EBV was found by PCR in tumoral sample from 3/19 patients, however, EBV small RNAs EBERs –when positive-, were detected by in situ double staining in bystander B CD20+ CD79a+ lymphocytes and not in CD1a+ LC. HHV-6 genome was detected in the biopsies of 5/19 patients with low copy number and viral Ag could not be detected in biopsies. CMV was not detected by PCR in this series. Conclusions/Significance Therefore, our findings do not support the hypothesis of a role of EBV, CMV, or HHV-6 in the pathogenesis of LCH, and indicate that the frequent detection of Epstein-barr virus (EBV) in Langerhans cell histiocytosis is accounted for by the infection of bystander B lymphocytes in LCH granuloma. The latter observation can be attributed to the immunosuppressive micro environment found in LCH granuloma.
Published: 2008

40. [Acute respiratory tract infections in children. Lower infections]

Author: Joël, Gaudelus
Subjects: Pneumococcal Vaccines, Influenza Vaccines, Amoxicillin, Humans, Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Asthma, Anti-Bacterial Agents
Published: 2007

41. [What to expect from vaccine prevention in acute respiratory tract infection in children?]

Author: Joël, Gaudelus
Subjects: Acute Disease, Bacterial Vaccines, Humans, Viral Vaccines, Child, Respiratory Tract Infections
Abstract: Acute respiratory tract infections are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in infants and young children. They are the first cause of hospitalisation in industrialised countries. A safe and efficient antiVRS vaccine would be a very important advance but, unfortunately, it does not exist at this moment. Recommendations of the influenza vaccine could be extended, as it is the case in USA, to decrease infants hospitalisations who are under one year of age and to decrease acute respiratory tract infections in children and adults. Theses vaccines are susceptible to play a role in coinfections and bacterial super infections. Haemophilus influenzae conjugate vaccine is very efficient against pneumonia due to this bacteria. Heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine decreases the number of otitis media and particularly recidivant and complicated otitis media. This vaccine decreases the number of pneumonia and hospitalizations for pneumonia in U.S.A. This vaccine acts on the carriage of pneumococcal strains and plays a role in decreasing antibiotic resistance. Epidemiological surveillance of pneumococcal strains is necessary because of a possible selection of strains due to the vaccine.
Published: 2007

42. [Recurrent upper respiratory tract infections and otitis in children]

Author: Philippe, Reinert, Jean, Stagnara, Pascale, Roy, Eric, Mallet, and Joël, Gaudelus
Subjects: Male, Age Factors, Infant, Pharyngitis, Hypertrophy, Pacifiers, Otitis Media, Breast Feeding, Sex Factors, Recurrence, Risk Factors, Air Pollution, Child, Preschool, Adenoids, Gastroesophageal Reflux, Hypersensitivity, Humans, Female, Respiratory Tract Infections, Rhinitis
Abstract: Recurrent upper respiratory tract infections should be considered as a normal process in infants who build immune defenses in an environment where they meet viruses. Nasal lavage with saline serum and the blowing when possible are the only treatment justified in all the cases. Antibiotic treatment is not justified. It does not shorten the course and does not prevent complications. Recurrent otitis media (three episodes in six months or four in one year) are the most common complication. Bacterial superinfections are due to bacteria who colonise nasopharynx. Facilitating factors for recurrent ENT infections in children are individual: age, sex, martial deficiency, gastro-oesophageal reflux, adenoid growths. Other facilitating factors are environmental: absence or short duration of breast-feading, pollution, passive smoking, day care center. In the great majority of cases, laboratory tests are unnecessary. The most important is to reassure because recurrent upper respiratory infections improve with time. Different facilitating factors previously described have to be taken into account and should allow to decrease the number of episodes.
Published: 2007

43. [Acute respiratory tract infections in children. I. Upper infections]

Author: Joël, Gaudelus
Subjects: Otitis Media, Laryngitis, Humans, Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Child, Respiratory Tract Infections, Rhinitis
Published: 2007

44. Tuberculosis in adolescents: A French retrospective study of 52 cases

Author: Philippe Ovetchkine, E. Lachassinne, Philippe Cruaud, Barbara Maury-Tisseron, Loïc de Pontual, Dominique Valeyre, Olivier Fain, Laurent Balu, Vincent Jeantils, and Joël Gaudelus
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, Adolescent, Tuberculin, Bone and Bones, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Residence Characteristics, medicine, Humans, Hospitals, Teaching, Gastric Lavage, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Retrospective Studies, Gastric Juice, biology, business.industry, Tuberculin Test, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, Sputum, Retrospective cohort study, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, France, medicine.symptom, Contact Tracing, business, Meningitis, Contact tracing
Abstract: Background: The only available data about tuberculosis (TB) among adolescents date back to the 1980s, although the incidence of tuberculosis has been increasing in this age group. Methods: Medical records were reviewed for all adolescents aged 12 to 18 years hospitalized with the diagnosis of TB in Avicenne/Jean Verdier Teaching hospital (Seine-Saint-Denis, suburb of Paris) between September 2000 and December 2004. Results: Of the 52 patients identified, 52% were female. Median age at diagnosis was 15 years (range, 12–18 years). The proportion of adolescents known to be born abroad was 90%. Diagnoses resulted from the examination of a sick child in 79% of cases, a case contact investigation of an adult suspected of having TB in 19% and routine tuberculin skin test in 2%. Twenty-seven of 52 patients (52%) had isolated pulmonary disease. Sixteen patients (31%) had pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB and 8 cases (17%) had exclusively extrapulmonary disease. The site of extrapulmonary TB included pleural (n = 8), meningitis (n = 4), lymph node (n = 4), peritoneal (n = 5), osteoarticular (n = 3) and genitourinary (n = 1). TB was confirmed by the isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from sputum (n = 21), gastric aspirate (n = 8), bone (n = 1) or cerebrospinal fluid (n = 2). No case had a relapse or recurrence of disease in median 3.2 years of follow up. Conclusions: Our results indicate that demographic and clinical characteristics of adolescents with TB differed from adults and children. A specific approach to the prevention and treatment of TB in adolescents is absolutely necessary.
Published: 2006

45. [Skin eruptions in children]

Author: Joël, Gaudelus
Subjects: Diagnosis, Differential, Epstein-Barr Virus Infections, Chickenpox, Adolescent, Scarlet Fever, Child, Preschool, Skin Diseases, Viral, Humans, Skin Diseases, Bacterial, Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome, Child, Rubella, Measles
Published: 2004

46. [Vaccinations: why the vaccination schedule is no longer fixed]

Author: Joël, Gaudelus
Subjects: Family Health, Patient Education as Topic, Whooping Cough, Incidence, Vaccination, Humans, France, History, 20th Century, Communicable Diseases, Immunization Schedule, Disease Outbreaks
Published: 2004

47. [New pneumococcal vaccine]

Author: Joël, Gaudelus
Subjects: Pneumococcal Vaccines, Vaccines, Conjugate, Risk Factors, Humans, France, Pneumococcal Infections, United States
Abstract: Streptococcus Pneumoniae is the main pathogen bacteria responsible for invasive diseases (bacteremia, meningitis) in children less than 2 years of age. The new conjugate heptavalent pneumococcal vaccine (7 polysaccharide serotypes 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, 23F conjugated with the CRP 197 protein derived from diphteria anatoxin) is a great advance. This vaccine is well tolerated, immunogenic and efficient in infant. His efficacy in invasive pneumococcal diseases is more than 95%. The reduction of pneumonia (with 2.5 cm X-Ray opacity) was 32.2% in the first year of age and 23.4% in the two first years in the vaccinated group. The efficacy in acute otitis media is poor French indications of this vaccine, limited to infants under 2 years of age with further risk factor, might be extended to all the infants under 2 years of age.
Published: 2004

48. Evaluation of streptococcal clinical scores, rapid antigen detection tests and cultures for childhood pharyngitis

Author: Robert Cohen, Corinne Levy, Philippe Ovetchkine, Michel Boucherat, Catherine Weil-Olivier, Joël Gaudelus, France de La Rocque, and Edouard Bingen
Subjects: Score test, medicine.medical_specialty, Antigens, Bacterial, Bacteriological Techniques, business.industry, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pharyngitis, Sensitivity and Specificity, El Niño, Antigen, Test score, Internal medicine, Child, Preschool, Streptococcal Infections, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Immunology, Medicine, Humans, Pharynx, medicine.symptom, business, Child
Published: 2003

49. [Tuberculosis in children]

Author: Joël, Gaudelus
Subjects: Adolescent, Tuberculin Test, Incidence, Age Factors, Infant, Newborn, Child Welfare, Infant, Severity of Illness Index, Diagnosis, Differential, Risk Factors, Child, Preschool, Humans, France, Child, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
Abstract: Children tuberculosis accounts for 5.5% of the declared cases of tuberculosis in France. Tuberculosis in children is always due to recent contamination from an adult. Survey of tuberculosis in children is a good indicator of the Koch's bacillus spread. Age is an important risk factor for an infected child to develop tuberculous disease. Estimated risk is 43% under 1 year of age, 24% between 1 and 5 years of age, 16% in teenagers. The risk to develop severe disease (miliary, meningitis) is higher in infants. Teenagers may have a rapidly evolutive form. Diagnosis of tuberculosis in children is difficult. One has to keep in mind this diagnosis which must be assessed by tuberculin skin test, radiologic exams and bacteriological sampling. The proof of tuberculosis is rare in children: direct examination of gastric fluid is positive only in 20% of cases or less; culture is positive only in 50% of cases or less. Infection and disease have to be treated in children. The search of the index case is mandatory.
Published: 2003

50. Breast milk transmission of a Panton-Valentine leukocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus strain causing infantile pneumonia

Author: Joël Gaudelus, Isabelle Thomas, Naima Brahimi, Olivier Clermont, J. Navarro, François Beaufils, Patricia Mariani-Kurkdjian, Edouard Bingen, Alain Gravet, Yannick Aujard, and Anne Collignon
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Male, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacterial Toxins, Leukocidin, Exotoxins, Biology, Staphylococcal infections, medicine.disease_cause, Eye Infections, Bacterial, Microbiology, Leukocidins, Genotype, Pneumonia, Staphylococcal, medicine, Humans, skin and connective tissue diseases, Pleuropneumonia, Milk, Human, Furunculosis, Infant, Bacteriology, Eye infection, respiratory system, Staphylococcal Infections, medicine.disease, bacterial infections and mycoses, Virology, DNA Fingerprinting, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Pneumonia, Female, Panton–Valentine leukocidin
Abstract: We report on a 38-day-old infant who developed pleuropneumonia due to a Staphylococcus aureus strain responsible for familial furunculosis, which was acquired by maternal breast-feeding. All isolates from the infant and parents were genetically related by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis and produced Panton-Valentine leukocidin.
Published: 2001

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