9,059 results on '"Job description"'
Search Results
2. What do peer support workers do? A job description
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Jacobson, Nora, Trojanowski, Lucy, and Dewa, Carolyn S
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Health Services and Systems ,Health Sciences ,Clinical Research ,Brain Disorders ,Basic Behavioral and Social Science ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Good Health and Well Being ,Attitude of Health Personnel ,Hospitals ,Psychiatric ,Humans ,Job Description ,Patient Care Team ,Peer Group ,Professional-Patient Relations ,Program Evaluation ,Qualitative Research ,Social Support ,Workforce ,Peer support ,Job description ,Participatory evaluation ,Mixed methods ,Library and Information Studies ,Nursing ,Public Health and Health Services ,Health Policy & Services ,Health services and systems ,Public health - Abstract
BackgroundThe extant literature suggests that poorly defined job roles make it difficult for peer support workers to be successful, and hinder their integration into multi-disciplinary workplace teams. This article uses data gathered as part of a participatory evaluation of a peer support program at a psychiatric tertiary care facility to specify the work that peers do.MethodsData were gathered through interviews, focus groups, and activity logs and were analyzed using a modified grounded theory approach.ResultsPeers engage in direct work with clients and in indirect work that supports their work with clients. The main types of direct work are advocacy, connecting to resources, experiential sharing, building community, relationship building, group facilitation, skill building/mentoring/goal setting, and socialization/self-esteem building. The main types of indirect work are group planning and development, administration, team communication, supervision/training, receiving support, education/awareness building, and information gathering and verification. In addition, peers also do work aimed at building relationships with staff and work aimed at legitimizing the peer role. Experience, approach, presence, role modeling, collaboration, challenge, and compromise can be seen as the tangible enactments of peers' philosophy of work.ConclusionsCandidates for positions as peer support workers require more than experience with mental health and/or addiction problems. The job description provided in this article may not be appropriate for all settings, but it will contribute to a better understanding of the peer support worker position, the skills required, and the types of expectations that could define successful fulfillment of the role.
- Published
- 2012
3. The association of disability status with job tenure for U.S. workers
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Debra L. Brucker, Megan Henly, and Marisa Rafal
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Employment ,Job Description ,Rehabilitation ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Humans ,Personnel Turnover ,Disabled Persons ,Occupations ,Job Satisfaction ,United States - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Job tenure is a useful economic indicator. To employees, longer job tenure creates higher rewards in pay, promotion opportunities, and job security. For employers, there are fewer costs in recruitment and retraining when job turnover is low. Marginalized populations, such as persons with disabilities, may find work in various economies, but retention is more difficult. They are often the first to be laid off in struggling economies. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to highlight differences in individual and employment-related factors associated with job tenure for American workers with and without disabilities. METHODS: Using newly available survey data (N = 1,538), OLS regression is used to estimate job tenure for workers with and without disabilities, controlling for worker sociodemographic characteristics, a job quality index, and job characteristics. All disability types are examined. RESULTS: Multivariate results show that workers with disabilities have shorter job tenure than others when controlling for job quality, individual characteristics and job characteristics. CONCLUSION: Employees with disabilities have shorter job tenure than those without. Given the benefits of lengthened job tenure, further efforts should be made to explore this issue and to develop effective strategies that help those with disabilities retain jobs long term.
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- 2022
4. The role of advanced practice psychiatric nurses in treating tobacco use and dependence
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Cataldo, Janine K
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Health Services and Systems ,Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Clinical Research ,Drug Abuse (NIDA only) ,Prevention ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Tobacco Smoke and Health ,Substance Misuse ,Health Services ,Tobacco ,Brain Disorders ,Management of diseases and conditions ,7.1 Individual care needs ,Respiratory ,Mental health ,Cancer ,Cardiovascular ,Good Health and Well Being ,Counseling ,Humans ,Job Description ,Motivation ,Nurse Clinicians ,Nurse-Patient Relations ,Nursing Assessment ,Nursing Evaluation Research ,Patient Education as Topic ,Practice Guidelines as Topic ,Psychiatric Nursing ,Risk Factors ,Smoking ,Smoking Cessation ,Smoking Prevention ,Social Support ,Tobacco Use Disorder ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Nursing - Abstract
Tobacco use is treatable and the benefits of smoking cessation are impressive, yet like other health care providers, psychiatric nurses have failed to consistently assess and treat tobacco use effectively. Tobacco use continues to cause illness, disability, and death at unprecedented rates. Nicotine addiction is drug abuse and it is a chronic disease and needs to be treated as such. There are clear health benefits to smoking cessation regardless of the age of smoking initiation or the age of smoking cessation. Advanced practice psychiatric nurses (APPNs) are in a unique position to make an impact on a smoker's risk of suffering from tobacco-related diseases: the treatment of choice is the combination of pharmacotherapy and psychosocial interventions, both within the realm of APPN practice; psychiatric and substance abusing patients consistently demonstrate increased rates of cigarette smoking compared with healthy controls; and tobacco use is drug abuse, a treatable chronic disease. The ability of APPNs to deliver psychotherapeutic and pharmacologic care secures a position in the forefront of treating tobacco use. In addition to intervention, psychiatric nurses need to step up and take an active role in initiating and supporting tobacco control policy and legislation.
- Published
- 2001
5. Diagnosing occupational COVID-19 in Croatian healthcare workers
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Žaja, Roko, Kerner, Ivana, Milošević, Milan, and Macan, Jelena
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opis poslova ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Health Personnel ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,asimptomatska infekcija ,COVID-19 ,Toxicology ,asymptomatic infection ,guideline ,job description ,nurses ,Occupational Diseases ,smjernica ,Humans ,Original Article ,medicinske sestre ,Occupational Health - Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can be diagnosed as occupational disease by an occupational health physician (OHP), if supported by relevant work-related and medical documentation. The aim of this study was to analyse such documentation submitted by Croatian healthcare workers (HCWs) and discuss its relevance in view of European and Croatian guidelines. The study included 100 Croatian HCWs who were SARS-CoV-2-positive and requested that their infection be diagnosed as occupational disease by their OHPs from 1 May 2020 to 10 March 2021. As participants they were asked to fill out our online Occupational COVID-19 in Healthcare Workers Questionnaire. For the purpose of this study we analysed answers about the type of close contact at the workplace, COVID-19 symptoms, and enclosed work-related (job description, employer statement about exposure to SARS-CoV-2) and medical documentation (positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction test and patient history confirming the diagnosis of COVID-19). Most participants were working in hospitals (N=95), mostly nurses (N=75), who became infected by a patient (N=68) or colleague (N=31), and had at least one COVID-19 symptom (N=87). Eighty participants did not enclose obligatory documents, 41 of whom failed to submit job description and 31 both job description and employer statement. These findings confirm that the major risk of occupational COVID-19 in HCWs is close contact with patients and colleagues, and points out the need for better cooperation between OHPs, occupational safety experts, employers, and diseased workers.Specijalist medicine rada može dijagnosticirati koronavirusnu bolest 2019 (COVID-19) kao profesionalnu bolest uz potrebnu radnu i medicinsku dokumentaciju. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je analizirati dokumentaciju koju su predali hrvatski zdravstveni djelatnici i raspraviti njezin značaj iz perspektive europskih i hrvatskih smjernica. U istraživanje je bilo uključeno 100 hrvatskih zdravstvenih djelatnika koji su bili pozitivni na SARS-CoV-2 i koji su od 1. svibnja 2020. do 10. ožujka 2021. zatražili od mjerodavnih specijalista medicine rada da im se infekcija dijagnosticira kao profesionalna bolest. Kao sudionici istraživanja ispunili su virtualni upitnik
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- 2021
6. Experiences and Challenges in the Role as Peer Support Workers in a Swedish Mental Health Context - An Interview Study
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Theresia Lovheden, Kajsa Landgren, Anna Wall, and Sigrid Stjernswärd
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Mental Health Services ,Sweden ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,education ,Job description ,Stigma (botany) ,Context (language use) ,Peer support ,Mental health ,Peer Group ,Mental Health ,Nursing ,Content analysis ,Health care ,Loyalty ,Humans ,Pshychiatric Mental Health ,business ,Psychology ,Qualitative Research ,media_common - Abstract
The focus on recovery within psychiatric care is increasing, where peer support may play a pivotal role. Previous research shows both mixed and promising results in terms of beneficial outcomes for patients and peer support workers (PSW). The study's aim was to investigate PSW' experiences of their professional role and associated relationships with healthcare staff and patients. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 PSW. Data was analyzed with content analysis. Three themes were constructed; "Experience of stigma", "Authenticity and balance in the patient relationship" and "Opportunities and setbacks in the team". Challenges included stigmatization, loyalty conflicts, lack of a clear job description and feelings of insecurity and disinterest among other staff. However, the peer support role was perceived as deeply meaningful. The peer support role comes with challenges and opportunities for the PSW, and potentially for the patients and the surrounding work team. Further research is needed to illuminate the value of peer support for patients, PSW and healthcare staff, and potential barriers and facilitators to the integration of peer support within psychiatric care.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840.2021.1978596 .
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- 2021
7. Use of Job Classifications, Career Ladders, and the Applied Epidemiology Competencies to Support Recruitment, Retention, and Practice of State Health Department Epidemiologists
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Elizabeth R. Daly, Jessica Arrazola, and Karl Umble
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Medical education ,Jurisdiction ,Epidemiology ,Health Policy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Public health ,education ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Epidemiologists ,Context (language use) ,Workforce development ,humanities ,Career Mobility ,Job Description ,State (polity) ,Agency (sociology) ,Workforce ,medicine ,Humans ,Psychology ,State Government ,media_common ,Health department - Abstract
CONTEXT State health departments report that recruitment and retention of qualified epidemiologists is a significant challenge to ensuring epidemiology capacity to support essential public health services. OBJECTIVE To collect information on the use of epidemiology job classifications, career ladders, and professional competencies in state health departments to inform workforce development activities that improve epidemiology capacity. DESIGN Electronic survey of the designated state epidemiologist. SETTING Fifty state health departments and the District of Columbia. PARTICIPANTS State epidemiologists working in state health departments. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Use and perceived benefit of epidemiology job classifications, career ladders, and professional competencies. RESULTS All 50 states and the District of Columbia responded to the survey. Most state health departments reported having epidemiology-specific job classifications (n = 44, 90%) and career ladders (n = 36, 71%) in place. State epidemiologists strongly agreed or agreed that having an epidemiology-specific classification positively contributed to recruitment (n = 37, 84%) and retention (n = 29, 66%) of epidemiologists in their agency. State epidemiologists strongly agreed or agreed that having an epidemiology-specific career ladder positively contributed to recruitment (n = 24, 69%) and retention (n = 23, 66%) of epidemiologists in their agency. Only 10 (29%) state epidemiologists reported using the applied epidemiology competencies to develop or revise their jurisdiction's epidemiology career ladder. CONCLUSIONS State health departments should implement well-maintained epidemiology-specific job classifications and career ladders that are based on current epidemiology competencies. Career ladders should be supported with opportunities for competency-based training to support career progression.
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- 2021
8. Occupational heat exposure and the risk of chronic kidney disease of nontraditional origin in the United States
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Christopher T. Minson, Rajiv Saran, David H. Wegman, Jennifer L. Bragg-Gresham, Rebekah A. I. Lucas, Erik Hansson, Jason Glaser, Zachary J. Schlader, Hayden W. Hess, and Christopher L. Chapman
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Adult ,Male ,Hot Temperature ,Adolescent ,Physiology ,Organism Hydration Status ,Review ,Disease ,Core temperature ,Heat Stress Disorders ,Kidney ,Risk Assessment ,Mesoamerican nephropathy ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Occupational Exposure ,Physiology (medical) ,Environmental health ,medicine ,Kidney injury ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ,Occupational Health ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,business.industry ,Middle Aged ,Water-Electrolyte Balance ,medicine.disease ,030210 environmental & occupational health ,United States ,Heat stress ,Job Description ,Physical work ,Female ,Sri lanka ,business ,Heat-Shock Response ,Body Temperature Regulation ,Kidney disease - Abstract
Occupational heat exposure is linked to the development of kidney injury and disease in individuals who frequently perform physically demanding work in the heat. For instance, in Central America, an epidemic of chronic kidney disease of nontraditional origin (CKDnt) is occurring among manual laborers, whereas potentially related epidemics have emerged in India and Sri Lanka. There is growing concern that workers in the United States suffer with CKDnt, but reports are limited. One of the leading hypotheses is that repetitive kidney injury caused by physical work in the heat can progress to CKDnt. Whether heat stress is the primary causal agent or accelerates existing underlying pathology remains contested. However, the current evidence supports that heat stress induces tubular kidney injury, which is worsened by higher core temperatures, dehydration, longer work durations, muscle damaging exercise, and consumption of beverages containing high levels of fructose. The purpose of this narrative review is to identify occupations that may place US workers at greater risk of kidney injury and CKDnt. Specifically, we reviewed the scientific literature to characterize the demographics, environmental conditions, physiological strain (i.e., core temperature increase, dehydration, heart rate), and work durations in sectors typically experiencing occupational heat exposure, including farming, wildland firefighting, landscaping, and utilities. Overall, the surprisingly limited available evidence characterizing occupational heat exposure in US workers supports the need for future investigations to understand this risk of CKDnt.
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- 2021
9. Challenges and opportunities in recruiting, hiring and training infection preventionists across facility settings
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Heather M. Gilmartin, Sarah Smathers, and Sara M. Reese
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Epidemiology ,Best practice ,education ,Job description ,Training (civil) ,03 medical and health sciences ,Patient safety ,0302 clinical medicine ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Personnel Selection ,health care economics and organizations ,Infection Control ,0303 health sciences ,Medical education ,ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION ,Infection Control Practitioners ,030306 microbiology ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Survey research ,Facility location problem ,Infectious Diseases ,Workforce ,population characteristics ,business - Abstract
Recruitment of skilled professionals for the infection preventionist (IP) role is an ongoing priority for organizations. The objective of this study was to understand differences in recruitment, hiring and training by facility setting and discuss targeted strategies for diverse organizations.A survey study investigated recruitment, hiring and training practices for IPs and stratified by facility location (multi-location health system (MLHS), urban, suburban and rural), specifically pertaining to job description requirements, background of candidates interviewed and hired and training programs.A Master's in Public Health degree was significantly more frequently listed on MLHS and urban facility job descriptions (37.3%, 43.7%, respectively) than suburban (27.4%) and rural facility job descriptions (17.2%)(P.01). Respondents from MLHS (41.3%), urban facilities (47.0%), suburban facilities (41.7%) were more likely to interview public health professionals than rural facilities (20.3%, P = .003). Respondents from MLHS, (73.3%), urban (68.4%), and suburban (62.2%) facilities were significantly more likely to use local Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology chapter for training compared to rural facilities (32.4%)(P.001).Our results identified differences in facility setting with recruitment, hiring and training practices. Optimizing recruitment and training best practices will result in a large and well trained IP workforce and patient safety.
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- 2021
10. Prediction of 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk among community residents in Shanghai, China – a comparative analysis of risk algorithms
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Yonggen Jiang, Nawi Ng, Meiying Zhu, Genming Zhao, Qi Zhao, Yue Zhang, Yuting Yu, Shuheng Cui, Na Wang, Yun Qiu, Yu Xiang, and Weibing Wang
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Adult ,Male ,China ,Time Factors ,Alcohol Drinking ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Concordance ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Risk Assessment ,Decision Support Techniques ,03 medical and health sciences ,Sex Factors ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cohen's kappa ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Medicine ,Risk factor ,Aged ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease ,Smoking ,Middle Aged ,Atherosclerosis ,Confidence interval ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Job Description ,Heart Disease Risk Factors ,Hypertension ,Cohort ,Educational Status ,Female ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Risk assessment ,Algorithm ,Algorithms ,Kappa - Abstract
Background and aims The accuracy of various 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk models has been debatable. We compared two risk algorithms and explored clustering patterns across different risk stratifications among community residents in Shanghai. Methods and results A total of 28,201 residents (aged 40–74 years old) who were free of ASCVD were selected from the Shanghai Survey in China. The 10-year ASCVD risk was estimated by applying the 2013 Pooled Cohort Equations (PCEs) and Prediction for ASCVD Risk in China (China-PAR). The agreement was assessed between PCEs and China-PAR using Cohen's kappa statistics. The mean absolute 10-year ASCVD risk calculated by PCEs and China-PAR was about 10.0% and 6.0%, respectively. PCEs estimated that 44.9% of participants [with a 95% confidence interval (CI):44.0%–45.8%] were at high risk, while China-PAR estimated only 16.7% (95%CI:15.8%–18.0%) were at high risk. In both models, the percentage of high ASCVD risk was higher for participants who were older, men, less educated, current smokers, drinkers and manual workers. Among high-risk individuals, almost all participants (PCEs:90.5%; China-PAR:98.6%) had at least one risk factor; hypertension being the most prevalent. The concordance between PCEs and China-PAR was moderate (kappa:0.428, 95%CI: 0.420–0.434) with a better agreement for women (kappa:0.503,95%CI: 0.493–0.513) than for men (kappa:0.211,95%CI: 0.201–0.221). Conclusion The proportion of participants with a 10-year ASCVD high risk predicted by China-PAR was lower than the results of the PCEs. The risk stratifications of the two algorithms were inconsistent in terms of demographic and life-behaviour characteristics.
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- 2021
11. Mortality rates and cardiovascular disease burden in type 2 diabetes by occupation, results from all Swedish employees in 2002–2015
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Sofia Carlsson, Mats Talbäck, Maria Feychting, and Tomas Andersson
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Male ,Research design ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Epidemiology ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Workplace intervention ,Type 2 diabetes ,Risk Assessment ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Environmental health ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Humans ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,Registries ,Occupations ,Mortality ,Occupational Health ,Disease burden ,Original Investigation ,Aged ,Sweden ,Occupation ,business.industry ,Mortality rate ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Incidence ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Cardiovascular disease ,Obesity ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Job Description ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Heart Disease Risk Factors ,RC666-701 ,Female ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Abstract
Objective To identify occupations where employees with type 2 diabetes have a high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality, and their prevalence of CVD risk factors. This study can contribute in the creation of targeted interventions at the workplace. Research design and methods This nationwide registry-based study included all employees with type 2 diabetes born in Sweden in 1937–1979 (n = 180,620) and followed up in 2002–2015. We calculated age-standardized incidence (per 100,000 person-years) of all-cause and CVD mortality, ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke across the 30 most common occupations. Information on prognostic factors was retrieved from the National Diabetes Register. Results In males with type 2 diabetes, mortality rates were highest in manufacturing workers (1782) and machine operators (1329), and lowest in specialist managers (633). The risk of death at age 61–70 years was 21.8% in manufacturing workers and 8.5% in managers. In females with type 2 diabetes, mortality rates were highest in manufacturing workers (1150) and cleaners (876), and lowest in writers and artists (458); the risk of death at age 61–70 years was 12.4% in manufacturing workers and 4.3% in writers and artists. The same occupations also had relatively high incidences of CVD mortality, IHD and stroke. Occupational groups with poor prognosis had high prevalence of CVD risk factors including poor glycemic control, smoking and obesity. Conclusions Manufacturing workers, machine operators and cleaners with type 2 diabetes have two to three times higher mortality rates than managers, writers and artists with type 2 diabetes. Major health gains would be made if targeted workplace interventions could reduce CVD risk factors in these occupations.
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- 2021
12. Multifaceted Demands of Work and Cognitive Functioning: Findings From the Health and Retirement Study
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Ernest Gonzales, Yeonjung Jane Lee, and Ross Andel
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Male ,Gerontology ,Aging ,Sociodemographic Factors ,Social Psychology ,Intelligence ,Social Interaction ,Ethnic group ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cognition ,0302 clinical medicine ,Negatively associated ,0502 economics and business ,Humans ,Cognitive Dysfunction ,Cognitive skill ,Cognitive decline ,Work Performance ,Aged ,Latent growth modeling ,05 social sciences ,Physical Functional Performance ,Health and Retirement Study ,Clinical Psychology ,Job Description ,Work (electrical) ,Cognitive Aging ,Educational Status ,Female ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Psychology ,050203 business & management ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Objectives The present study examines the associations between mental, social, and physical demands of work and cognitive functioning among older adults in the United States. Method Data from 3,176 respondents in the Health and Retirement Study were analyzed using growth curve modeling (2004–2014). The study investigated differences by gender, race, ethnicity, and education. Results Higher mental and social demands of work were associated with higher levels of initial cognitive functioning, but were not significantly associated with slower cognitive decline over time. Physical demands of work were negatively associated with initial cognitive functioning and were also marginally associated with a slower rate of decline in cognitive functioning going into older adulthood. In stratified analyses, results varied by sociodemographic characteristics. Discussion The results partially support the environmental complexity hypothesis and the productive aging framework in that higher mental and social demands and lower physical demands relate to better cognitive functioning at baseline, with the differences appearing stable throughout older adulthood. The stratified results shed light on addressing disparities in cognitive aging and work environments.
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- 2021
13. Mental Health Status of Canadian Funeral Service Workers at the Beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic
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Jean-Michel Galarneau and Quentin Durand-Moreau
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Adult ,Male ,Canada ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cross-sectional study ,Health Personnel ,Job description ,Mortuary Practice ,Anxiety ,Occupational Stress ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Pandemic ,medicine ,Humans ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Depression ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,occupational groups ,Fast Track Article ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,COVID-19 ,Middle Aged ,030210 environmental & occupational health ,Mental health ,Service worker ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Mental Health ,Family medicine ,ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING ,Female ,Professional association ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text, Objective: To describe the mental health situation and job stress levels of Funeral Service Workers (FSW) during the first months of the pandemic. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in Canada between May and July 2020. Funeral service professional organizations were asked to spread a questionnaire to their members including job description, assessment of anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-8), and job stress (effort-reward imbalance questionnaire). Results: Fifty-eight FSW completed a questionnaire, 32% reported anxiety symptoms (GAD-7 > 10), 29% reported depressive symptoms (PHQ-8 > 10), 31% reported job stress. Women were more likely to report overcommitment (66.7% vs. 31.8%, P = 0.015). Conclusions: Levels of anxiety and depression identified in Canadian FSW were higher than those identified in other occupational groups during the first few months of the pandemic.
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- 2021
14. Anatomic Distribution of Sacroiliac Joint Lesions on Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Axial Spondyloarthritis and Control Subjects: A Prospective Cross‐Sectional Study, Including Postpartum Women, Patients With Disc Herniation, Cleaning Staff, Runners, and Healthy Individuals
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Gorm Thamsborg, Susanne Juhl Pedersen, Mikkel Østergaard, Birthe Bonde, Jens Jørgen Lykkegaard, Lone Morsel-Carlsen, Inge Juul Sørensen, and Sengül Seven
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Adult ,Male ,musculoskeletal diseases ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cross-sectional study ,Marathon Running ,Diagnosis, Differential ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Quadrant (abdomen) ,0302 clinical medicine ,Rheumatology ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Spondylarthritis ,Edema ,Humans ,Medicine ,Prospective Studies ,Sacroiliitis ,Young adult ,Prospective cohort study ,Bone Marrow Diseases ,030203 arthritis & rheumatology ,Sacroiliac joint ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Postpartum Period ,Sacroiliac Joint ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Housekeeping, Hospital ,Middle Aged ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Job Description ,Case-Control Studies ,Predictive value of tests ,Physical Endurance ,Female ,Radiology ,business ,Intervertebral Disc Displacement ,Postpartum period - Abstract
Objective To investigate the anatomic location and distribution of lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the sacroiliac (SI) joints in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (SpA), women with and without postpartum pain (childbirth within 4-16 months), patients with disc herniation, cleaning staff, runners, and healthy persons. Methods In a prospective cross-sectional study of 204 participants, MRI of the entire cartilaginous compartment of the SI joint was scored blindly by 2 independent, experienced readers, according to Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada definitions of SI joint inflammation and structural lesions in each SI joint quadrant or half and in each of 9 slices. The locations of the lesions (unilateral/bilateral, upper/lower, sacral/iliac, and anterior/central/posterior slices) were analyzed based on concordant reads. Results Bone marrow edema (BME) occurred in all quadrants in nearly all participant groups, but rarely bilaterally, except in patients with axial SpA and women with postpartum pain. Fat lesions were mainly found in axial SpA and occurred in all quadrants, but mostly bilaterally in sacral quadrants. Erosion was rare, except in axial SpA, where it was mainly iliac and often bilateral. Sclerosis was exclusively iliac and most frequent in women with postpartum pain. Conclusion The location and distribution of common SI joint lesions in axial SpA and non-axial SpA were reported, and group-specific patterns were revealed. BME distributed bilaterally or unilaterally, both locally and more widespread in the SI joint, is common in both postpartum women with pain and axial SpA patients, which limits the use of BME to differentiate these groups. This study indicates that the presence of fat lesions, especially when widespread, and/or erosion, particularly when located centrally or posteriorly, are diagnostically important and should be investigated further.
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- 2021
15. Testing and Validating Semi-automated Approaches to the Occupational Exposure Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
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Emma Trester-Wilson, Devon T Collins, Carissa M. Rocheleau, Albeliz Santiago-Colón, Martha A. Waters, Jennita Reefhuis, Stephen J. Bertke, Annette L. Christianson, and Wayne T. Sanderson
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Computer science ,Process (engineering) ,Job description ,Population ,Machine learning ,computer.software_genre ,Set (abstract data type) ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Occupational Exposure ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Occupations ,Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ,education ,Retrospective Studies ,Exposure assessment ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Original Articles ,Decision rule ,030210 environmental & occupational health ,Hybrid algorithm ,Test (assessment) ,Case-Control Studies ,Female ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,computer - Abstract
Introduction When it is not possible to capture direct measures of occupational exposure or conduct biomonitoring, retrospective exposure assessment methods are often used. Among the common retrospective assessment methods, assigning exposure estimates by multiple expert rater review of detailed job descriptions is typically the most valid, but also the most time-consuming and expensive. Development of screening protocols to prioritize a subset of jobs for expert rater review can reduce the exposure assessment cost and time requirement, but there is often little data with which to evaluate different screening approaches. We used existing job-by-job exposure assessment data (assigned by consensus between multiple expert raters) from a large, population-based study of women to create and test screening algorithms for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that would be suitable for use in other population-based studies. Methods We evaluated three approaches to creating a screening algorithm: a machine-learning algorithm, a set of a priori decision rules created by experts based on features (such as keywords) found in the job description, and a hybrid algorithm incorporating both sets of criteria. All coded jobs held by mothers of infants participating in National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS) (n = 35,424) were used in developing or testing the screening algorithms. The job narrative fields considered for all approaches included job title, type of product made by the company, main activities or duties, and chemicals or substances handled. Each screening approach was evaluated against the consensus rating of two or more expert raters. Results The machine-learning algorithm considered over 30,000 keywords and industry/occupation codes (separate and in combination). Overall, the hybrid method had a similar sensitivity (87.1%) as the expert decision rules (85.5%) but was higher than the machine-learning algorithm (67.7%). Specificity was best in the machine-learning algorithm (98.1%), compared to the expert decision rules (89.2%) and hybrid approach (89.1%). Using different probability cutoffs in the hybrid approach resulted in improvements in sensitivity (24–30%), without the loss of much specificity (7–18%). Conclusion Both expert decision rules and the machine-learning algorithm performed reasonably well in identifying the majority of jobs with potential exposure to PAHs. The hybrid screening approach demonstrated that by reviewing approximately 20% of the total jobs, it could identify 87% of all jobs exposed to PAHs; sensitivity could be further increased, albeit with a decrease in specificity, by adjusting the algorithm. The resulting screening algorithm could be applied to other population-based studies of women. The process of developing the algorithm also provides a useful illustration of the strengths and potential pitfalls of these approaches to developing exposure assessment algorithms.
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- 2021
16. Reimagining School Nursing: Lessons Learned From a Virtual School Nurse
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Kristen Deschene, Jenny M Gormley, and Bill Marrapese
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Medical education ,Virtual school ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Job description ,COVID-19 ,General Medicine ,Telehealth ,Nurse's Role ,Telemedicine ,United States ,School nursing ,Work (electrical) ,Pandemic ,School Nursing ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,Humans ,Commonwealth ,Sociology ,Computer-Assisted Instruction ,School Health Services - Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has required thousands of public schools to quickly adapt to hybrid or fully remote models. These new models have presented unprecedented challenges for school nurses as they learn how to optimize their interactions with parents and students to provide ongoing support and monitoring of health. The growing reliance on virtual and hybrid public education is also placing new demands on school nurses to be versed in telehealth and school physicians to support their work. Greenfield Commonwealth Virtual School (GCVS) and other public virtual schools have been meeting these challenges for many years prior to the pandemic and have “lessons learned” to share with traditional “brick-and-mortar” nursing staff. GCVS students benefit from a climate that rewards collaboration between the health team, parents, teachers, and administrators, and this article will describe the role, job description, and other practices related to school nursing in a primarily virtual world.
- Published
- 2021
17. Supporting families of children with an undiagnosed genetic condition: Using co‐design to ensure the right person is in the right post doing the right job
- Author
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Faith Gibson, Anna Williams, Sophie Geoghegan, Susie Aldiss, Kate Oulton, and Jo Wray
- Subjects
Counseling ,Parents ,Service (systems architecture) ,Job description ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030225 pediatrics ,Health care ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Humans ,Family ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Child ,Medical education ,Operationalization ,Data collection ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Flexibility (personality) ,Focus Groups ,Focus group ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Thematic analysis ,Psychology ,business ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
BACKGROUND Families and professionals caring for a child without a definitive diagnosis face unique challenges, particularly in relation to managing uncertainty; access to healthcare; obtaining relevant information and support; and trying to navigate a healthcare system that is often fragmented. We used co-design to inform the establishment of the first UK specialist nursing post dedicated to working with children with undiagnosed genetic conditions and their families. OBJECTIVES (1) To understand what families and hospital staff want from the service; (2) To understand how the post should be operationalized in practice; (3) To develop the job description and person specification for the postholder. METHODS A range of approaches were used to collect data: interviews (nine parents and 10 hospital staff); a focus group (three parents); a creative workshop (six patients and siblings); and an online forum (81 parents). Data were analyzed using framework and thematic analysis. The strands of data were brought together and reviewed as a whole to formulate the postholder's job description and person specification. RESULTS Stakeholders identified nine key elements to the role which were incorporated into the job description: practical support; point of contact; community liaison; signposting to other services; care coordination; supporting families; advocacy; raising awareness; and emotional support. CONCLUSIONS Highlighted in this paper are the practical aspects of engaging and involving all relevant stakeholders in the process of co-designing a new post and subsequent staff recruitment. The flexibility employed in the setting and methods of data collection were instrumental in ensuring that the views of a diverse range of participants were ascertained. A major consideration is the resources required to undertake co-design, in terms of time and finances. We believe that the resources required for the co-design are offset by the advantages of having the right person in the right post, doing the right job.
- Published
- 2021
18. Perspectives of community pharmacists in Pakistan about practice change and implementation of extended pharmacy services: a mixed method study
- Author
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Naveel Atif, Mohamed Azmi Hassali, Furqan Khurshid Hashmi, Usman Rashid Malik, Muhammad Islam, Hamid Saeed, Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar, and Fahad Saleem
- Subjects
Attitude of Health Personnel ,education ,Job description ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Pharmacy ,Community Pharmacy Services ,Pharmacists ,Toxicology ,030226 pharmacology & pharmacy ,03 medical and health sciences ,Professional Role ,0302 clinical medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,Pakistan ,Pharmacology (medical) ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Enforcement ,health care economics and organizations ,Accreditation ,Pharmacology ,Response rate (survey) ,Medical education ,business.industry ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Preparedness ,Thematic analysis ,business ,Developed country - Abstract
Background Community pharmacists' role in the primary health care, patient-centered services, beyond traditional dispensing services is well established in the developed world. However, this role is not fully established in low-middle-income countries including Pakistan. Objective To explore community pharmacists' perspectives and preparedness about practice change and associated facilitators and barriers to extended services. Setting A study was conducted involving community pharmacists of Lahore, Pakistan. Method Two phased studies were conducted using mixed-method sequential design. The first phase involved qualitative semi-structured face-to-face interviews with the community pharmacists, while the second phase constituted a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. Main outcome measure Pharmacists' perspectives about extended pharmacy services, facilitators, barriers and preparedness for the practice change. Results For the first phase, pharmacists were purposively sampled and the saturation yielded a final sample size of fifteen pharmacists (N = 15). The thematic content analysis yielded four distinct themes; (1) current practices and familiarity with extended pharmacy services (2) practice gap between Pakistan and the developed countries (3) facilitators and the preparedness, and (4) barriers towards its implementation and provision. The second part was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional phase, where a total of 348 community pharmacists were approached, while only 242 responded, yielding a response rate of 69.5%. The triangulation of qualitative and quantitative data identified several barriers such as; shortage of pharmacists, lack of knowledge and skills, poor collaboration with general practitioners, failure of customers to pay for extended services. Facilitators and preparedness for the provision of extended pharmacy services were; access to patient notes, follow-up, separate counselling areas, accreditation of specific services and sufficient resources. Conclusion This study's findings call for the implementation and enforcement of Punjab Drug Sale Rules 2007 to facilitate the practice change and provision of comprehensive pharmacy services in Punjab, Pakistan. There is a need for additional laws to define community pharmacists' roles, uniform job description, training, new funding model, separate area, and accreditation of extended pharmacy services in Pakistan.
- Published
- 2021
19. Factors influencing variation in implementation outcomes of the redesigned community health fund in the Dodoma region of Tanzania: a mixed-methods study
- Author
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Lara Gautier, Albino Kalolo, Ralf Radermacher, Menoris Meshack, Manuela De Allegri, and Siddharth Srivastava
- Subjects
Financial Management ,Contextual factors ,Job description ,Context (language use) ,Micro health insurance ,Tanzania ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Universal Health Insurance ,Interim ,Medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Marketing ,Human resources ,Poverty ,Descriptive statistics ,business.industry ,030503 health policy & services ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Implementation outcomes ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Checklist ,Redesigned community health fund ,Community health ,Public Health ,Thematic analysis ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Research Article - Abstract
Introduction Micro-health insurance (MHI) has been identified as a possible interim solution to foster progress towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs). Still, MHI schemes suffer from chronically low penetration rates, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Initiatives to promote and sustain enrolment have yielded limited effect, yet little effort has been channelled towards understanding how such initiatives are implemented. We aimed to fill this gap in knowledge by examining heterogeneity in implementation outcomes and their moderating factors within the context of the Redesigned Community Health Fund in the Dodoma region in Tanzania. Methods We adopted a mixed-methods design to examine implementation outcomes, defined as adoption and fidelity of implementation (FOI) as well as their moderating factors. A survey questionnaire collected individual level data and a document review checklist and in-depth interview guide collected district level data. We relied on descriptive statistics, a chi square test and thematic analysis to analyse our data. Results A review of district level data revealed high adoption (78%) and FOI (77%) supported also by qualitative interviews. In contrast, survey participants reported relatively low adoption (55%) and FOI (58%). Heterogeneity in adoption and FOI was observed across the districts and was attributed to organisational weakness or strengths, communication and facilitation strategies, resource availability (fiscal capacity, human resources and materials), reward systems, the number of stakeholders, leadership engagement, and implementer’s skills. At an individual level, heterogeneity in adoption and FOI of scheme components was explained by the survey participant’s level of education, occupation, years of stay in the district and duration of working in the scheme. For example, the adoption of job description was statistically associated with occupation (p = 0.001) and wworking in the scheme for more than 20 months had marginal significant association with FOI (p = 0.04). Conclusion The study demonstrates that assessing the implementation processes helps to detect implementation weaknesses and therefore address such weaknesses as the interventions are implemented or rolled out to other settings. Attention to contextual and individual implementer elements should be paid in advance to adjust implementation strategies and ensure greater adoption and fidelity of implementation.
- Published
- 2021
20. Time Will Tell: Going Beyond Relative Value Units and American Society of Anesthesiologists Units to Objectively Quantify Nonclinical Contributions in Academic Medical Practice
- Author
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Lavinia Kolarczyk, Samuel N Blacker, Robert S. Isaak, David A. Zvara, Peggy P. McNaull, and Harendra Arora
- Subjects
Academic Medical Centers ,Medical education ,Relative value ,Biomedical Research ,Time Factors ,Delphi Technique ,business.industry ,Teaching ,Job description ,Delphi method ,MEDLINE ,Medical practice ,Workload ,Efficiency ,Relative Value Scales ,Anesthesiologists ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,Resource-based relative value scale ,Job Description ,Practice Management, Medical ,Humans ,Medicine ,business ,American society of anesthesiologists - Published
- 2020
21. Integration and Standardization of Clinical Nurse Specialists in a Multihospital System
- Author
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Jennifer Katlen, Kelly Haight, Beverly Will, Kathleen Kennedy, Julie Simon, Tina Di Fiore, Kathleen Singleton, and Lauren Crosby
- Subjects
Standardization ,Leadership and Management ,Process (engineering) ,Job description ,MEDLINE ,Assessment and Diagnosis ,Clinical nurse specialist ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Nursing ,Leverage (negotiation) ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Cooperative Behavior ,Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,Multi-Institutional Systems ,Practice Patterns, Nurses' ,030504 nursing ,business.industry ,Communication ,LPN and LVN ,Job Description ,Nursing Evaluation Research ,Work (electrical) ,System integration ,Nurse Clinicians ,0305 other medical science ,business - Abstract
Purposes/objectives In 2013, our multihospital system began the process to integrate and standardize clinical nurse specialist (CNS) practice. The goal was to standardize work and to increase collaboration as part of one system. Description of the project/program An overall job description was established to provide a framework inclusive of the broad areas of practice. Clinical nurse specialists were positioned to support medical-surgical, critical care, or women and children's services offered at community-based hospitals. Main campus and community-based CNSs led significant system integration efforts such as the standardization of nursing policies and procedures across the health system. System CNSs were created to address the needs of specialties common to all hospitals. As an example, a system CNS collaborated with the main campus and community-based CNSs to improve the delirium screening process. Outcome Clinical nurse specialists across the system have been integrated into a single team and report to 1 central director. Efforts to leverage expertise included the creation of a CNS-led practice council, increased communication via regular departmental meetings, and the sharing of resources using electronic platforms. There is now a CNS at hospitals that previously did not have one. The group values the structure and opportunities it provides as evidenced by favorable engagement surveys. Conclusion Our integration efforts improved collaboration and could be modified to benefit other care settings.
- Published
- 2020
22. Seeking Editor for Clinical Liver Disease
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Publishing ,Leadership ,Job Description ,Open Access Publishing ,Liver Diseases ,Job Application ,Gastroenterology ,Humans ,Periodicals as Topic ,Editorial Policies - Published
- 2022
23. School Nurse Job Descriptions in Urban Districts: Alignment With the Framework for 21st-Century School Nursing Practice
- Author
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Virginia Reising and Heide Cygan
- Subjects
Medical education ,Nursing (miscellaneous) ,Quality management ,Public health nursing ,Quality Improvement ,United States ,School nursing ,Leadership ,School nurse ,Job Description ,Work (electrical) ,Content analysis ,Public Health Nursing ,Component (UML) ,School Nursing ,Humans ,Psychology - Abstract
It is recommended that every student has daily access to a school nurse and that school nurses work in alignment with the Framework for 21st-Century School Nursing Practice (Framework). Little is known about Framework alignment with school nursing practice. The purpose of this study is to describe the alignment between the Framework and school nurse job descriptions in large, urban school districts across the United States. Using content analysis, with a directed approach, researchers used the Framework to analyze school nurse job descriptions for 16 school districts, analyzing 375 individual job responsibilities. The majority of job responsibilities reviewed (86%) were related to principles within the care coordination and community/public health nursing component, while job responsibilities within the key principles of leadership and quality improvement components were limited (14%). The Framework can be a useful tool to guide school nurse practice and however needs to be intentionally brought into job descriptions.
- Published
- 2020
24. Developing a Model for National Health Information Governance Program in Iran
- Author
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Hassan Emami, Hamid Moghaddasi, Reza Rabiei, Farkhondeh Asadi, and Fatemeh Rouzbahani
- Subjects
Delphi Technique ,020205 medical informatics ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Job description ,Delphi method ,02 engineering and technology ,Iran ,Health Information Systems ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Health care ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Humans ,Quality (business) ,Information governance ,Clinical Governance ,030212 general & internal medicine ,media_common ,Medical education ,Descriptive statistics ,business.industry ,Corporate governance ,health ,General Medicine ,Models, Theoretical ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Original Article ,Business ,Descriptive research - Abstract
With regard to the importance of health Information Governance (IG) programs in improving the quality and reducing the cost of healthcare services and the lack of a coherent health IG program in Iran’s health system, this study aimed to develop a model for national health information governance program in Iran. The present research was an applied, cross-sectional descriptive study that was done in three steps, including literature review, development of a model for national health IG program in Iran, and model validation. In the third step, we used a questioner to validate the model through the Delphi method. Data analysis was done by descriptive statistics. The model for the national IG program in Iran was developed in 3 main sections consisting of 13 components, 12 principles, natural and judicial authorities of the health IG program, and their job description. Findings from the validation of the initial model showed that most experts (93%) confirmed the components and sub-components, principles, and natural and legal bodies supervising the national health IG program and their job description in the proposed model. Considering the structure of the Iranian health system, it was recommended to establish a health IG council in the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in order to develop guidelines and give advice to health care providers. Based on the proposed model, directors and staff of different departments of health care centers, especially those involved in health IG, are also responsible for the better implementation of the national health IG program.
- Published
- 2020
25. The professional activities of nurse managers in Chinese hospitals: A cross‐sectional survey in hunan province
- Author
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Wendy Gifford, Jiale Hu, Junjun Zhang, Wenjun Chen, Jia Chen, Junqiang Zhao, and Guoping He
- Subjects
Information management ,China ,Operationalization ,030504 nursing ,Standardization ,Hospitals, Public ,Leadership and Management ,030503 health policy & services ,Nursing research ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Job description ,Questionnaire ,Leadership ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Nursing ,Humans ,Quality (business) ,Nurse Administrators ,0305 other medical science ,Nursing management ,Psychology ,media_common - Abstract
Objective To explore nurse managers' perceptions of the frequency and importance of professional activities performed in their daily work in public hospitals in Hunan, China. Background Nurse managers are responsible for the management of almost all nursing activities in Chinese hospitals. Understanding how nurse managers operationalize their role and their perceptions of the importance of each activity is essential for clarification of their role and the competencies required to perform it. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire survey. Results A total of 1,371 nurse managers in Hunan Province completed the survey. Nursing quality/safety management and patient management were performed most frequently and perceived as most important. Nurse managers performed nursing information management frequently while perceiving it as less important. They seldom performed nursing research management and placed low value on it. Conclusions Patient-centred care remains central to nursing management. Nursing managers can create a leadership culture in their hospital settings that includes the effective management of information and facilitation of research knowledge to benefit nurse managers, staff and patients. Implications for nursing management The results provide evidence for standardization of roles and job descriptions of nurse managers and for developing their knowledge and skills to ensure quality patient care.
- Published
- 2020
26. Survey of US pediatric nurses’ role in health care transition planning: Focus on assessment of self-management abilities of youth and young adults with long-term conditions
- Author
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Jennifer A. Disabato, Jennifer E Mannino, and Cecily L. Betz
- Subjects
Adult ,Patient Transfer ,Nursing practice ,Transition to Adult Care ,Self-management ,Adolescent ,business.industry ,Self-Management ,Job description ,Training and development ,Pediatrics ,United States ,Young Adult ,Nursing ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Pediatric Nurses ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Health care ,Humans ,Young adult ,Pediatric nursing ,Child ,Nurses, Pediatric ,business ,Psychology - Abstract
The survival rates of youth and young adults (YYAs) diagnosed with long-term conditions have improved considerably as 90% now enter adulthood; health care transition planning (HCTP) has emerged as a nursing practice priority. The aim of this national online survey was to investigate the extent to which nurses, recruited from two major United States pediatric nursing organizations are involved with HCTP including assessing YYA self-management abilities (SMA). Findings of a 9-item assessment of self-management abilities subscale of the nurses’ role in HTCP tool are reported. The nurse respondents ( n = 1269), identified the most frequently assessed SMA was the YYAs’ ability to understand and speak about their condition and its treatment ( M = 2.3, SD = .89). The least frequently assessed was the YYAs’ ability to identify community advocates to help them become more independent ( M =1.5, SD = .90). Regression analysis identified significant predictors of the frequency nurses assess YYA for SMA included nurses’ level of knowledge, perceived level of importance, HCTP and skills identified in job description, and caring for YYA. Findings indicate HCTP care advancements will necessitate HCTP training and development of nurse-led service efforts to facilitate optimal outcomes for YYA.
- Published
- 2020
27. Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Interventional Radiologists
- Author
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John A. Kaufman, Albert Jiao, Younes Jahangiri, Sean Robinson, and James J. Morrison
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Multivariate analysis ,Demographics ,MEDLINE ,Radiography, Interventional ,Occupational safety and health ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Radiologists ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Musculoskeletal Diseases ,Occupational Health ,Response rate (survey) ,business.industry ,Mean age ,Middle Aged ,Health Surveys ,Occupational Diseases ,Job Description ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Physical therapy ,Female ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Body mass index - Abstract
Purpose To investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms, defined as aches, pains, discomfort, or numbness, by using a validated assessment tool among interventional radiologists. Materials and Methods A Web-based survey using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was disseminated to interventional radiologist members by email in November 2015. Musculoskeletal symptoms were evaluated in 9 body areas. Information regarding participant demographics, practice details, use of radio-protective equipment, and exercise routines was also gathered. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine risk factors associated with more severe symptoms. Results Of 4,096 SIR members at the time of the survey, 640 completed the questionnaire in its entirety (16% response rate). Respondents consisted of 69 females (11%) and 571 males (89%), with a mean age of 47.5 ± 10.2 years old, a mean body mass index of 25.5 ± 3.9 kg/m2, and a mean practice length of 17.1 ± 9.8 years. Prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms was 88% in the 12 months preceding the survey. For those reporting musculoskeletal issues, 58% attributed the symptoms to work-related activities. Lower back (61%), neck (56%), and shoulder complaints (46%) were the most common. Symptoms prevented 21.2% of respondents from being able to work over the same time period. Multivariate analysis identified female gender, above-normal body mass index, and a practice length of 10 years or more as factors associated with a higher risk of moderate-to-severe symptoms. Conclusions Musculoskeletal symptoms are prevalent among interventional radiologists, the majority of which are attributed to work-related causes.
- Published
- 2020
28. The Evolving Role of the Professional Case Manager
- Author
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MaryBeth Kurland, Hussein M Tahan, and Michelle Baker
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Certification ,Knowledge management ,Higher education ,Leadership and Management ,Health Personnel ,Guidelines as Topic ,Assessment and Diagnosis ,Credentialing ,Professional Competence ,Professional Role ,Blueprint ,Humans ,Care Planning ,Curriculum ,Human services ,Case Managers ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Certified Case Manager ,Middle Aged ,United States ,Test (assessment) ,Job Description ,Education, Medical, Continuing ,Female ,Psychology ,business ,Case Management - Abstract
Purpose The purpose of the national role and function study was to identify the essential activities and necessary knowledge areas for effective professional case management practice from the perspective of those directly involved. The study also aimed to inform the relevance and currency of the blueprint for the case management certification examination. Primary practice settings The national study covered the diverse case management practices and/or work settings across the full continuum of health and human services and numerous professional disciplines. Methodology and sample This cross-sectional descriptive study used the practice analysis method and online survey research design. It employed a purposive sample of 2,810 certified and not yet certified case managers who responded to an open participation link made available as an online survey. The final study sample supported the conduct of meaningful statistical analyses including multiple subgroup comparisons. Results The study identified the common activities (6 domains) and knowledge areas (5 domains) necessary for effective performance by professional case managers. Part I of this 2-part article series described the background of the participants and their perspectives of the practice and the knowledge applied by those responsible for the case manager's role. Part II, as shared in this article, reports on the factor/principal component analysis and how such activity informed the needed update of the test specifications for the Certified Case Manager (CCM) certification examination. The update reflects the continued evolution of the professional case management practice and ensures that the examination remains current and relevant. Of special note is the maturation of the case management practice; for example, greater emphasis on quality, safety, and outcomes; baccalaureate or higher education; and recognition of the value of certification. In addition, the 2019 role and function study has revealed that utilization review/management is evolving potentially as a function that is separate from that of the case manager. Implications for case management practice The study has identified the essential activities and knowledge areas of case management practice at both the micro and macro levels. These findings represent the substantive evidence of practice, keeping the CCM credentialing examination evidence-based and maintaining its validity for evaluating the competency of professional case managers. They have also documented the evolution of the practice over the past 5 years. Moreover, the findings may inform the development of programs and curricula for the training and advancement of case managers. The study instrument also is beneficial for use in further research into professional case management practice.
- Published
- 2020
29. The scope and variance of clinical nurse specialist job descriptions
- Author
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Peter Rolland, Aimee Finn, Ann-Marie Cannaby, James Owen, and Vanda Carter
- Subjects
Medical education ,Scope of practice ,Scope (project management) ,Core competency ,Sample (statistics) ,Audit ,Variance (accounting) ,Clinical nurse specialist ,Job Description ,Workforce ,Humans ,Nurse Clinicians ,Psychology ,General Nursing - Abstract
Specialist nurses have been part of the nursing workforce for decades but articulating the scope of such roles, educational requirements, professional expertise and levels of pay is still widely debated within the workplace. This article reports on a study that examined a sample of clinical nurse specialist (CNS) job descriptions from across the UK. One hundred job descriptions were sourced, originating from various healthcare settings, and audited to explore their scope and content. In conclusion, the job descriptions showed a high level of agreement of the scope domains of a CNS role but were less consistent when considering the experience and educational requirements of CNSs.
- Published
- 2020
30. Work disability in rheumatic diseases: Baseline results from an inception cohort
- Author
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Warren Fong, Andrea Hsiu Ling Low, Nicholas Graves, Ling Xiang, Julian Thumboo, Wee Hoe Gan, and Ying Ying Leung
- Subjects
Adult ,Employment ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Inflammatory arthritis ,Psychological intervention ,Work Capacity Evaluation ,Efficiency ,Osteoarthritis ,03 medical and health sciences ,Psoriatic arthritis ,0302 clinical medicine ,Rheumatology ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Internal medicine ,Absenteeism ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,030203 arthritis & rheumatology ,Retirement ,business.industry ,Work disability ,Arthritis ,Middle Aged ,Presenteeism ,medicine.disease ,INCEPTION COHORT ,Job Description ,Unemployment ,Case-Control Studies ,Rheumatoid arthritis ,Female ,Work ability ,business - Abstract
AIM We aimed to characterize work disability in patients with newly diagnosed rheumatic diseases and compare work characteristics between patients with rheumatic diseases and controls without rheumatic diseases at diagnosis. METHODS Patients with inflammatory arthritis (IA) and osteoarthritis (OA), surrogates for autoimmune and non-autoimmune rheumatic diseases, respectively, and controls of working age were surveyed at diagnosis. Patients with rheumatic diseases who were employed before symptom onset were characterized as having work disability if they reported reduced work ability and productivity while remaining in the same job as before symptom onset, changed to a less demanding job or stopped working/retired. Work characteristics at diagnosis were compared between rheumatic diseases patients and controls. RESULTS The unemployment rate before symptom onset was lower in patients with IA (20%) compared to patients with OA (32%). Among patients with IA and OA who were employed before symptom onset, 59% and 43% reported work disability, respectively (P = .04). The unemployment rate at diagnosis was comparable in patients with IA (26%) and higher in patients with OA (38%) compared to controls (29%). Employed patients with IA and OA, when compared with controls, reported poorer work ability (score: 37 vs 39 vs 41, P
- Published
- 2020
31. Occupational eye dose to medical staff in various interventional cardiologic procedures: is the need for lead goggles the same in all groups of radiation workers?
- Author
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Mahmood Emami, Ali Asghar Parach, Jalal Dastmalchi, Seyed Jalil Mirmohammadi, Abbas Andishmand, Seyed Mostafa SeyedHosseini, Elahe Daneshian, Amir Houshang Mehrparvar, Zahra Nekoofar, Azam Asgari, and Fatollah Bouzarjomehri
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Medical staff ,genetic structures ,Nursing Staff, Hospital ,Eye ,Radiation Dosage ,Radiography, Interventional ,Positive correlation ,Risk Assessment ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,Dose limit ,Cardiologists ,0302 clinical medicine ,Operating Room Technicians ,Risk Factors ,Radiologists ,Humans ,Medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Radiation Injuries ,Lead (electronics) ,Occupational Health ,Equivalent dose ,business.industry ,Protective Factors ,Radiation Exposure ,Left eye ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Job Description ,Lead ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Conventional PCI ,Emergency medicine ,Thermoluminescent Dosimetry ,Eye Protective Devices ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Abstract
Considering the increased use of interventional cardiologic procedures and concern about irradiation to the eyes, it is necessary to measure eye dose in radiation workers. The assessment of eye dose using collar dose is a routine but inaccurate method. Therefore this study was designed to measure eye dose in the radiation workers of various interventional cardiologic procedures. In this study eye dose was measured for left and right eyes in three groups of radiation workers in angiography ward of Afshar hospital in various procedures using TLD. Measurements were done separately for cardiologists, nurses and radio-technologists in 100 procedures. The nurses functioned as surgical assistants and were usually close to the table. The correlation of staff dose to exposure parameters was also investigated. Eye dose in physicians were higher than other staff in all procedures. Also the left eye dose was considerably higher than right one, especially for physicians. The median equivalent dose per procedure of left eye for physicians, nurses and radio-technologists were 7.4, 3.6, 1.4 µSv (PCI) and 3.2, 3.1, 1.3 µSv (Adhoc) and 3.2, 1.7, 1.1 µSv (CA), respectively. The annual left eye equivalent dose with (without) using lead goggles were 2.4 (15.3), 1.4 (2.2), 1.0 (1.1) mSv for physicians, nurses and radio-technologists, respectively. There were also a positive correlation between eye dose and KAP for procedures without lead goggles. The lead goggles showed lower protection effects for radio-technologists than other staff. Only 30% of physicians received a dose higher than 1/3 of the ICRP annual dose limit, therefor only physician eye dose should be monitored in catheterization labs.
- Published
- 2020
32. Not the Last Word: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is Work-related—Because I Said So
- Author
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Joseph Bernstein
- Subjects
Work Capacity Evaluation ,Job description ,Applied psychology ,MEDLINE ,Workers' compensation ,Risk Assessment ,Work related ,Occupational safety and health ,Risk Factors ,Terminology as Topic ,Humans ,Medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Carpal tunnel syndrome ,Occupational Health ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Regular Features ,medicine.disease ,Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ,Occupational Diseases ,Job Description ,Workers' Compensation ,Surgery ,Risk assessment ,business - Published
- 2020
33. Leaving the lab bench and joining the bar: Making the case for a career in patent law
- Author
-
Adil Moghal
- Subjects
Male ,Jurisprudence ,Career Choice ,ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION ,Patent law ,ComputingMilieux_LEGALASPECTSOFCOMPUTING ,Patient Advocacy ,Cell Biology ,Biology ,Research Personnel ,ComputingMilieux_GENERAL ,Career Mobility ,Attitude ,Job Description ,Law ,Job Application ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,Humans ,ComputingMethodologies_GENERAL ,Molecular Biology ,Phd students ,Career choice ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Most PhD students have no idea what patent law is, if it is a career they might want to pursue, and how to get into the profession. Here, a recent law school graduate with a PhD in the life sciences explains everything from how to get into law school to what patent law actually is. Most importantly, he explains why he believes it is a more attractive career choice after your PhD than academia or industry.
- Published
- 2020
34. Phonotraumatic Injury in Fitness Instructors: Risk Factors, Diagnoses, and Treatment Methods
- Author
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Babak Sadoughi, Rachel Coleman, Debra D'Angelo, Lucian Sulica, and Christine Estes
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Voice Quality ,Vocal Cords ,Workload ,Disease ,Fitness Centers ,Laryngeal Diseases ,Disability Evaluation ,Young Adult ,Speech and Hearing ,Risk Factors ,Statistical significance ,Humans ,Medicine ,Behavior management ,Medical diagnosis ,Occupational Health ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Past medical history ,Voice Disorders ,Laryngoscopy ,Descriptive statistics ,business.industry ,Recovery of Function ,Middle Aged ,LPN and LVN ,Occupational Diseases ,Exact test ,Treatment Outcome ,Job Description ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Physical Fitness ,Cohort ,Physical therapy ,Female ,business - Abstract
Summary Fitness instructors are at risk for phonotraumatic injury caused by a combination of occupation-driven environmental and physiologic factors. Objectives This study analyzes phonotraumatic injury in a cohort of fitness instructors to define the spectrum of disease, inform treatment, and make educational recommendations. Study design Retrospective chart review. Methods Fitness instructors seen over a 2-year period comprised the study population. Stroboscopic findings, recommended treatment modalities, and treatment outcomes, including postoperative recurrence (when applicable) were analyzed. Demographic information (gender, age), past medical history, VHI-10 scores, and concurrent relevant vocal demands (performer vs. non-performer) were reviewed. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses with Fisher's exact test and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used to determine statistical significance of various factors in relation to phonotraumatic injury and response to treatment. Cochran-Armitage trend tests were performed to analyze trends in injuries across fitness types in relation to increased vocal demand. Occupational concerns reported by subjects were analyzed descriptively. Results The subject cohort consisted of 24 fitness instructors (20F; 4M) who taught a variety of fitness methods. Thirteen subjects (54.2%) were diagnosed with pseudocysts (five unilateral, eight bilateral), five (20.8%) with bilateral midfold masses, five (20.8%) with polyps (four unilateral, one bilateral), and one (4.2%) with cyst. Fourteen subjects (58.3%) were prescribed medication (oral steroids, reflux medication, and/or allergy medication). All were referred for behavioral management. Ten (41.7%) chose surgical intervention after failure to return to satisfactory function with behavioral management; Four (40%) experienced postoperative lesion recurrence. There were no statistically significant findings in relation to demographic information, past medical history, concurrent relevant vocal demands, or occupational vocal demands with choice for surgery. Trend test analysis found that lesions that are typically more likely to require surgical intervention (eg, polyps) tended to be found more frequently as vocal demand increased. The primary occupational concerns reported by subjects were related to amplification (lack of amplification, inadequate amplification/amplification problems) and scheduling (too many consecutive classes without adequate breaks). Conclusion Fitness instructors are subject to a variety of phonotraumatic vocal fold injuries, nearly half which require surgical treatment. One in four recurs after such intervention. Instructors could benefit greatly from education on vocal health, strategies to improve and/or reduce voice use while in the fitness environment, and to help aid in recognizing early “red flags” for phonotraumatic injury. Occupational factors that place fitness instructors at risk for phonotraumatic injury (scheduling, environment, amplification) may be improved with education directed to studio owners and managers.
- Published
- 2020
35. Entering the great unknown: Transition to academic practice
- Author
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Smita Sihag and Amy G. Fiedler
- Subjects
Patient Care Team ,Surgeons ,Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Medical education ,Faculty, Medical ,Patient care team ,Career Choice ,business.industry ,Transition (fiction) ,Job description ,MEDLINE ,Academic practice ,Thoracic Surgical Procedures ,Career Mobility ,Interpersonal relationship ,Job Description ,Education, Medical, Graduate ,Humans ,Medicine ,Interpersonal Relations ,Surgery ,Cardiac Surgical Procedures ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Career choice - Published
- 2020
36. Optimizing medical postoperative care: Role of the hospitalist in a department of adult neurosurgery. Prospective comparative observational study
- Author
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Delphine Rousseau-Ventos and H. Dufour
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Population ageing ,Neurology ,Adolescent ,Job description ,Neurosurgery ,Personnel Staffing and Scheduling ,Patient Readmission ,Perioperative Care ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Postoperative Complications ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Aged ,Quality of Health Care ,Aged, 80 and over ,Patient Care Team ,Postoperative Care ,business.industry ,Length of Stay ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Comorbidity ,Confidence interval ,Hospitalists ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Emergency medicine ,Orthopedic surgery ,Female ,Surgery ,Observational study ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,Surgery Department, Hospital ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Introduction There is no consensus on responsibilities in postoperative care in neurosurgery, although this has grown in recent decades with an aging population and increasing chronic diseases, making management more complex due to patient age and comorbidity. Co-management between surgeons and medical physician has emerged in the English-speaking world and in the private sector in France, in orthopedic, vascular and neurosurgical departments, which moreover increasingly call for medical involvement. The present study therefore addressed the question of the role of the hospitalist in optimizing medical perioperative care in neurosurgery. We analyzed postoperative medical and surgical complications, requests for specialist opinions and hospital stay according to the presence of hospitalists. Material and method We carried out a 6-month prospective comparative observational study in the Department of Adult Neurosurgery of La Timone University Hospital Centre (Marseille, France), from September 1, 2017 to February 28, 2018. All cranial or spinal neurology cases, whether managed surgically or not, whether emergency or scheduled, were included and followed up for 1 to 4 months. Patients managed in functional neurosurgery, pediatric neurosurgery or housed in other departments were excluded. The 229-patient-cohort was divided into 2 arms over 2 months in 2 different units of the Department (Unit A or Unit B), according to allocation of the hospitalist (in September in unit A and October in unit B) with follow-up until the final check-up. “Hospitalist-neurosurgery team” co-management in postoperative care was compared versus standard postoperative care provided by neurosurgeons with medical consultation. Endpoints comprised: length of stay, number of inpatient postoperative complications and medium-term complications with re-admission, and number of medical consultations. Results Groups were comparable in number, age, gender, reasons for admission, type of admission (emergency or scheduled) and comorbidity scales (ASA and Charlson). Mean length of stay was significantly reduced, from 10.13 ± 7.76 days (95% Confidence Interval, 8.77–11.49) to 7.07 ± 3.94 days (95% CI, 6.31–7.82) (p = 0.0087), without and with the presence of a hospitalist, respectively. The rate of requests for specialist opinion depended on the department in question but was likewise significantly reduced, from 22.81% in Unit A to 14.29%, and from 19.15% in Unit B to 8%. The 30% decrease in medical complications (45% of overall complications) was not statistically significant. There were significant correlations between age, comorbidity on Charlson scale and immediate (but not medium-term) complications. Conclusion Postoperative care in neurosurgery can be improved by the presence of a hospitalist, reducing the rates of complications, requests for specialist opinion and hospital stay. The job description, work schedule and organization and financing remain to be defined. Studying other organizations to supplement the present benchmarking could help strike a better balance between time-saving and reinforcement of the medical-surgical team on the one hand and enhanced budgeting for comorbidities and care optimization on the other.
- Published
- 2020
37. State Health Officials: Backgrounds and Qualifications
- Author
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Theresa Chapple-McGruder, Nir Menachemi, Elizabeth C. Danielson, Valerie A. Yeager, Paul K. Halverson, and Corey M. Jacinto
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Gender diversity ,media_common.quotation_subject ,education ,Context (language use) ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,State (polity) ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Political science ,Cultural diversity ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Qualitative Research ,media_common ,030505 public health ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Legislature ,Focus Groups ,Public relations ,Leadership ,Job Description ,Empirical examination ,Position (finance) ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Public Health Administration ,State Government - Abstract
CONTEXT State health officials (SHOs), the executive and administrative leaders of state public health, play a key role in policy development, must be versed in the relevant/current evidence, and provide expertise about health issues to the legislature and the governor. OBJECTIVE To provide an empirical examination of SHO backgrounds and qualifications over time. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional survey of current/former SHOs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES State health official educational backgrounds; public health experience; previous employment setting. RESULTS Two-thirds of respondents (64.6%) reported having a medical degree, approximately half (48.3%) a formal public health degree, and almost one-quarter (21.8%) a management degree. The majority had governmental public health experience at some prior point in their career (70.0%). Almost two-thirds worked in governmental public health immediately before becoming an SHO. The proportion that was female increased significantly by decade from 5.6% in the 1970s/80s to 46.4% in the 2010s (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS The main finding from this study shows that more than two-thirds of SHOs have had governmental public health experience at some point in their career. This is not a new trend as there were no statistical differences in public health experience by decade. More than half of the SHOs were appointed to the role directly from governmental public health, indicating that their public health experience is timely and likely germane to their appointment as SHO. Findings also indicate improvements in gender diversity among one of the most influential leadership roles in governmental public health whereas significant changes in racial and ethnic diversity were not identified. Women are increasingly being appointed as SHOs, indicating increasing gender diversity in this influential position. Given that governmental public health employees are predominantly women, there is still room for gender equity improvements in executive leadership roles. This is coupled with the need for further racial and ethnic diversity improvements as well.
- Published
- 2020
38. Reliability of ONET physical exposures between Italian and US databases
- Author
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Angelo d'Errico, Francesca Gallo, Bradley A. Evanoff, Alexis Descatha, Ann M. Dale, Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT), ISTAT, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hofstra University [Hempstead], US Centers for Disease Control / National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, and National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Subjects
concordance ,cross-national comparison ,Job Description ,work ,Occupational Exposure ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Humans ,Reproducibility of Results ,ergonomic factors ,job-exposure matrix ,Occupations ,United States - Abstract
International audience; Background Comparison between cross-national job-exposure matrices (JEMs) may provide indications of their reliability, particularly if created using the same items. This study evaluated concordance between two JEMs created from United States (US) and Italian O*NET data, using job codes linked through international job codes. Methods Twenty-one physical exposures were obtained from the US and Italian O*NET databases. Italian O*NET items were direct translations of US O*NET items. Six hundred and eighty-four US and 586 Italian job codes were linked via crosswalks to 281 ISCO-08 job codes. A sensitivity study also assessed concordance on 258 jobs matched one-to-one across the two national job classifications. Concordance of US and Italian O*NET exposures was estimated by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) in multilevel models adjusted and not adjusted for country. Results ICCs showed moderate to poor agreement for all physical exposures in jobs linked through ISCO-08 codes. There was good to moderate agreement for 14 out of 21 exposures in models with one-to-one matched jobs between countries; greater agreement was found in all models adjusted for country. Exposure to whole-body vibration, time standing, and working outdoor exposed to weather showed the highest agreement. Conclusions These results showed moderate to good agreement for most physical exposures across the two JEMs when US and Italian jobs were matched one-to-one and the analysis was adjusted for country. Job code assignments through crosswalks and differences in exposure levels between countries might greatly influence the observed cross-country agreement. Future multinational epidemiological studies should consider the quality of the cross-national job matching, and potential cross-national differences in exposure levels.
- Published
- 2022
39. Pediatric Nurses' Role in Health Care Transition Planning: National Survey Findings and Practice Implications
- Author
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Cecily L. Betz, Jennifer A. Disabato, and Jennifer E Mannino
- Subjects
Male ,Patient Transfer ,Transition to Adult Care ,Adolescent ,Job description ,Population ,Nurse's Role ,Risk Assessment ,Pediatrics ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Nursing ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,030225 pediatrics ,Outcome Assessment, Health Care ,Health care ,Humans ,Child ,education ,education.field_of_study ,030504 nursing ,business.industry ,Quality Improvement ,Disabled Children ,United States ,Pediatric Nursing ,Health Planning ,Nurse role ,Evaluation Studies as Topic ,Health Care Surveys ,Regression Analysis ,Female ,Professional association ,Pediatric nursing ,Descriptive research ,Nurse-Patient Relations ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Psychology ,Inclusion (education) - Abstract
Purpose Youth and young adults (YYA) with chronic illness and/or disability (CID) face numerous challenges in transition from pediatric to adult health care. Established evidence supports interdisciplinary team approaches to preparing youth and families for transition and transfer. The purpose of this national survey was to address a gap in current knowledge specific to pediatric nursing professionals' roles and responsibilities in health care transition planning (HCTP). Methodology A quantitative descriptive study using a survey questionnaire validated by experts in the field investigated respondents' role in HCTP, inclusion of HCTP in job description, levels of HCTP knowledge, and ratings of importance of HCTP elements. A volunteer sample of 1814 respondents was drawn from two professional organizations. Results Over 64% of respondents performed HCTP activities related to complex chronic illness management. Only 18% reported specialized training in HCTP. The highest-ranking items in regard to perceived importance were educating and supporting disease self-management and speaking with families about complex needs. Predictors of perceived importance were role, inclusion of transition planning in a job description, percentage of time in direct care, caring for those aged 14 years and older, and level of knowledge about HCTP. Conclusions The findings highlight key aspects of the pediatric nurse role in HCTP and identify specific elements that can be addressed to support future HCTP role development. Practice implications Pediatric nurses perform a vital role in HCTP for YYA with CID that may be enhanced with the inclusion of HCTP activities in job descriptions and specialized interdisciplinary HCTP training related to this emerging and growing population.
- Published
- 2019
40. 'I Find It Quite a Privilege to Be Involved in Their Lives': A Multinational Qualitative Study of Program Directors' Perspectives on Their Relationships with Residents
- Author
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Halah Ibrahim, Debalina Dutta, Dora J. Stadler, Joseph Cofrancesco, and Sophia Archuleta
- Subjects
business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Job description ,Graduate medical education ,Internship and Residency ,General Medicine ,Personal Satisfaction ,Public relations ,Education ,Narrative inquiry ,Negotiation ,Education, Medical, Graduate ,Attachment theory ,Humans ,Medicine ,business ,Psychology ,Qatar ,Privilege (social inequality) ,Meaning (linguistics) ,media_common ,Qualitative research - Abstract
PHENOMENON Program director (PD)-resident relationships are important in shaping resident experiences and educational outcomes. Yet, there is limited literature on the development or meaning of these relationships, particularly from the PD perspective. Through qualitative interviews, we explore how PDs navigate their role to develop and maintain relationships with their trainees, and elucidate how these relationships impact the PDs personally and professionally. APPROACH Qualitative study using individual semi-structured interviews of former and current PDs (n = 33) from multiple specialties and hospitals in accredited residency programs in Qatar, Singapore, and the United Arab Emirates. We used attachment theory and narrative analysis to investigate how PDs perceive and describe relationship building with their residents amidst tensions of familiarizing themselves with their new role. FINDINGS PD-resident relationships are complex and multidimensional, shifting over time, changing patterns and evolving to respond to different contexts. PDs initially negotiate their own roles, while navigating their relationships with residents and other stakeholders to create their professional identities. PDs develop professional alliances, defining for the resident the profession and its expectations. As residents negotiate the various challenges of their training, the role of the PD emerges into one of providing emotional support and advocacy. The support and attachment are often enduring and extend beyond the period of residency training. INSIGHTS Our study examines the experiences of program directors as they negotiate complex educator-learner relationships. The PDs described roles that extended beyond their job description. Although all interviewees reported that the PD position was challenging, they focused on the rewarding aspects of the job and how their relationships helped sustain them through the difficulties. Through their reflections, the PDs described the personal satisfaction and benefits of their interactions with the residents, and how the engagement contributed to personal and professional success.
- Published
- 2021
41. Pediatric hematologist/oncologist: A real job description
- Author
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Andrea Watson
- Subjects
Oncologists ,Oncology ,Job Description ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Humans ,Hematology ,Child ,Medical Oncology - Published
- 2021
42. Data-Based Self-awareness as the Foundation for Effective Leadership
- Author
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Alan, Friedman, Beverly, Hancock, and Pamela Austin, Thompson
- Subjects
Leadership ,Education, Nursing, Continuing ,Job Description ,Mentors ,Humans ,Nurse Administrators ,Nursing Methodology Research ,Fellowships and Scholarships ,Nurse's Role ,Organizational Culture ,United States - Abstract
The AONL Nurse Executive Fellowship supports nurses who are new to an executive role in developing critical executive competencies. Participants engage in an in-depth specialized assessment process to help them understand themselves and the impact on their leadership. Learnings from the 1st 2 cohorts of fellowship participants provide insight into challenges faced by new executives and how self-awareness can improve performance to address those challenges.
- Published
- 2021
43. Exploring people with disabilities' perspectives on the availability of appropriate work that fits their capabilities in Jordan
- Author
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Mohammad Jebril
- Subjects
Jordan ,Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance ,Rehabilitation ,Applied psychology ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Stigma (botany) ,Employability ,Work (electrical) ,Job Description ,Content analysis ,Scale (social sciences) ,Humans ,Disabled Persons ,Psychology ,Workplace ,Exercise ,Qualitative research ,Supported employment - Abstract
BACKGROUND: There is a lack of information regarding the availability of work and the appropriateness of work to people with disabilities (PWD) in Jordan. Therefore, this research was initiated and it was hypothesized that work is available and it is appropriate to PWD abilities. OBJECTIVES: To explore the availability of work and the appropriateness of working conditions to PWD abilities. METHOD: Thirty-five individuals completed the “People with Disabilities Working Condition Scale” (PWDWCS). Descriptive and nonparametric statistical analyses including Chi square, Pearson correlation, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests were used, and content analysis was used for the open-ended questions section to identify the availability of work in terms of opportunities and competition as well as to identify the work fitness to PWDs’ abilities. RESULTS: Sixty percent of the participants had difficulties finding a job, with a high competition on the available ones. Several work conditions do not fit PWDs’ abilities including improper fitness of work assignment to their capabilities and relatively inappropriate wages. In addition, a higher percentage of the participants reported: A) availability of written job descriptions and procedure manuals B) lack of work-related training and continuing education (CE) programs C) PWD are not being promoted D) availability of relative social acceptance at work E) a relatively comfortable work environment F) finally, work areas which require several modifications to boost accessibility. CONCLUSION: Initial hypotheses could not be confirmed. Several challenges face PWD in Jordan pertaining to the availability and fitness to work. Rehabilitation for all sectors of work is necessary as well as for PWD to improve their employability and work appropriateness to PWD abilities.
- Published
- 2021
44. [Anesthesia Technical Assistants - a New Job Description in Health Care]
- Author
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Sven, Janssen
- Subjects
Job Description ,Anesthetists ,Humans ,Anesthesia ,Delivery of Health Care - Abstract
For many colleagues, the job of anesthesia technical assistant (ATA) is a new - previously unknown - job description in the healthcare sector. The anesthesia departments currently employ qualified nurses (3 years of training) or specialist nurses (5 years of training). However, there has been a known shortage of skilled workers in the care industry for many years. Vacancies are often difficult or impossible to fill. The result is a higher service burden for existing employees. It can also happen that operating theaters have to be closed because no staff is available - this has not only economic effects on the respective provider, but also in particular on patient care.The independent basic training of the technical assistant for anesthesia was not only created to counteract the shortage of skilled workers. At the same time, this new field of work was supposed to be attractive and to train specialists - directly. In the future, the anesthesia departments will be supported by anesthesia technical assistants. This article explains the training structure and areas of responsibility.
- Published
- 2021
45. Mental Workload and Job Satisfaction in Healthcare Workers: The Moderating Role of Job Control
- Author
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Fatemeh Rostami, Azam Jahangirimehr, Zahra Mehri, Maryam Feiz-Arefi, Amin Babaei-Pouya, and Gholamheidar Teimori-Boghsani
- Subjects
Index (economics) ,Job control ,Health Personnel ,Job description ,Workload ,Job Satisfaction ,Nursing ,healthcare worker ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Health care ,Humans ,hospital ,job control ,Original Research ,ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Healthcare worker ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Job satisfaction ,Public Health ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,business ,Psychology ,mental workload - Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the moderating role of job control in relation to mental workload and job satisfaction of healthcare workers.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 480 nurses, midwives, and administrative workers in four educational hospitals of Ardabil, Iran. Research tools were included demographic information questionnaire, NASA-TLX questionnaire, job description index (JDI) questionnaire and job control inquiry.Results: Compared with administrative workers, mental workload of nurses and midwives was significantly higher and likewise mental workload of nurses was significantly difference compared to midwives (P < 0.001). Nurses and midwives had substantially higher job satisfaction than administrative workers (P < 0.001). Also, nurses and midwives had higher job control than administrative workers (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). Based on the designed model, the correlation between mental workload and job satisfaction was negative and significant (r = −0.22); which in the presence of job control, the relationship between the two variables of workload and job satisfaction slightly increased (r = −0.19, P < 0.001). These conditions were the same in the three job groups separately.Conclusion: Mental workload is inversely related to job satisfaction and job control. Job control plays an important role in improving working conditions in healthcare workers.
- Published
- 2021
46. The Successful Anesthesia Patient Safety Officer
- Author
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Sephalie Y. Patel and Jonathan B. Cohen
- Subjects
Patient Care Team ,Safety Management ,Quality Assurance, Health Care ,business.industry ,MEDLINE ,Workload ,medicine.disease ,Risk Assessment ,Anesthesiologists ,Officer ,Patient safety ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,Job Description ,Risk Factors ,Humans ,Medicine ,Anesthesia ,Interpersonal Relations ,Patient Safety ,Medical emergency ,Physician's Role ,business - Published
- 2021
47. Reducing variations in clinical nurse educator roles: a service improvement project standardising roles and career pathways
- Author
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Carol Forde-Johnston and Jose Ariel Lanada
- Subjects
Clinical educator ,030504 nursing ,Nurse educator ,Career Pathways ,Job Satisfaction ,Clinical Practice ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Nursing ,Job Description ,Faculty, Nursing ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Service improvement ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,General Nursing - Abstract
Background: There is limited research evaluating the implementation and effectiveness of clinical nurse educator (CNE) roles in clinical practice. UK employers tend to use generic nursing job profiles, although the definition, expectations and implementation of nurse educator roles are interpreted differently between employers. Aim: This project intended to reduce variation and standardise job titles, job descriptions and job plans for CNEs ranging from band 5 to band 7 and identify the academic requirements and professional experience required of each band. Methods: An evaluative service review of existing CNE roles was conducted across a large division of a major NHS hospital trust. Focus group interviews were conducted to identify CNEs' and matrons' perceptions of the role. Findings: Themes identified from the coding of narrative data included: the importance of the role; variations in expectations of the role, job titles, job descriptions and plans; and a lack of career progression pathways. Conclusion: This service improvement project demonstrates that a standardised approach to the implementation of CNE roles can be achieved with the support of a unified senior nursing team. Clearer role definition and career progression pathways would improve job satisfaction and may help retain CNEs in post.
- Published
- 2021
48. Workplace neighbourhood built-environment attributes and sitting at work and for transport among Japanese desk-based workers
- Author
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Chien-Yu Lin, Mohammad Javad Koohsari, Yung Liao, Kaori Ishii, Ai Shibata, Tomoki Nakaya, Gavin R. McCormack, Nyssa Hadgraft, Takemi Sugiyama, Neville Owen, and Koichiro Oka
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Time Factors ,Science ,education ,Transportation ,Article ,Young Adult ,Japan ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Humans ,Built Environment ,Workplace ,Exercise ,Occupational Health ,Sitting Position ,Multidisciplinary ,Neighborhood Characteristics ,Middle Aged ,Environmental social sciences ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Job Description ,Medicine ,Female ,Social Planning ,Sedentary Behavior ,human activities ,Health occupations - Abstract
Workplace settings—both internal and external—can influence how workers are physically active or sedentary. Although research has identified some indoor environmental attributes associated with sitting at work, few studies have examined associations of workplace neighbourhood built-environment attributes with workplace sitting time. We examined the cross-sectional associations of perceived and objective workplace neighbourhood built-environment attributes with sitting time at work and for transport among desk-based workers in Japan. Data were collected from a nationwide online survey. The Abbreviated Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale (n = 2137) and Walk Score® (for a subsample of participants; n = 1163) were used to assess perceived and objective built-environment attributes of workplace neighbourhoods. Self-reported daily average sitting time at work, in cars and in public transport was measured using a Japanese validated questionnaire. Linear regression models estimated the associations of workplace neighbourhood built-environment attributes with sitting time. All perceived workplace neighbourhood built-environment attributes were positively correlated with Walk Score®. However, statistically significant associations with Walk Score® were found for sitting for transport but not for sitting at work. Workers who perceived their workplace neighbourhoods to be more walkable reported a longer time sitting at work and in public transport but a shorter sitting time in cars. Our findings suggest that walkable workplace neighbourhoods may discourage longer car use but have workplaces where workers spend a long time sitting at work. The latter finding further suggests that there may be missed opportunities for desk-based workers to reduce sitting time. Future workplace interventions to reduce sitting time may be developed, taking advantage of the opportunities to take time away from work in workplace neighbourhoods.
- Published
- 2021
49. Addressing constraints to informal providers' involvement in tuberculosis control: a qualitative study of patent medicine dealers and tuberculosis programme managers
- Author
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Emeka Onwe Ogah, Cosmas Kenan Onah, Edmund Ndudi Ossai, Isaac Alobu, Adaoha Pearl Agu, Victoria Chioma Azuogu, and Benedict Ndubueze Azuogu
- Subjects
Health (social science) ,Tuberculosis ,Referral ,Epidemiology ,Job description ,Nigeria ,Nonprescription Drugs ,Patent medicine ,Chronic cough ,medicine ,Humans ,Patent medicine dealers ,Constraint (mathematics) ,Qualitative Research ,Presumptive tuberculosis referral ,DOTS ,Tuberculosis control ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Research ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Public relations ,Focus Groups ,medicine.disease ,Focus group ,Incentive ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,business ,Qualitative research - Abstract
Background A major constraint to tuberculosis control is low case finding with under-reporting to national authorities. Evidence shows that Patent Medicine Dealers are first port of call for most people with symptoms of tuberculosis, yet there is poor referral of such clients to tuberculosis treatment facilities for further evaluation. This study investigated constraints to involvement of Patent Medicine Dealers in tuberculosis control. Methods This was a cross-sectional qualitative study among Patent Medicine Dealers and Tuberculosis Control Programme Managers in Ebonyi State Nigeria. Sixty-four Patent Medicine Dealers and five Tuberculosis Control Programme Managers were interviewed using Focus Group Discussion and In-Depth Interview respectively. Data was collected with electronic audio-recording device and analyzed using thematic approach. Results There are some knowledge gaps about tuberculosis signs, symptoms, free-treatment policy and mode of operation of care service among Patent Medicine Dealers. Patent Medicine Dealers and Tuberculosis Control Programme Managers are willing to collaborate in tuberculosis control effort but constant demand for incentives by Patent Medicine Dealers and inability of National Tuberculosis Control Programme to keep up with such demands are obvious constraints. Conclusions Knowledge gaps in tuberculosis, its control, constant demand for incentives by Patent Medicine Dealers and inability of National Tuberculosis Control Programme to satisfy such demands are constraints to involvement of Patent Medicine Dealers in tuberculosis control. More robust engagement of Patent Medicine Dealers in tuberculosis control with clear job description through tuberculosis education and provision of incentives to support them are recommended policy approaches to improve linkage of clients to tuberculosis treatment facilities.
- Published
- 2021
50. Is Self-reported Return to Duty an Adequate Indicator of Return to Sport and/or Return to Function in Military Patients?
- Author
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Matthew J. Nowak, Franklin J. Powlan, Kyle S. Ardavanis, Brendan D. Masini, Nicholas J. Drayer, B. Holt Zalneraitis, and Daniel G Kang
- Subjects
Adult ,Employment ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Job description ,Specialty ,MEDLINE ,Work Capacity Evaluation ,Subspecialty ,Return to Work ,medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Postoperative Period ,Duty ,media_common ,Retrospective Studies ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Evidence-based medicine ,Recovery of Function ,Occupational Injuries ,United States ,Return to Sport ,Clinical research ,Military Personnel ,Orthopedic surgery ,Preoperative Period ,Physical therapy ,Surgery ,Female ,Self Report ,business ,2020 Selected Proceedings of Somos Guest Editor Daniel J. Stinner Md, Phd - Abstract
Background In the military, return-to-duty status has commonly been used as a functional outcome measure after orthopaedic surgery. This is sometimes regarded similarly to return to sports or as an indicator of return to full function. However, there is variability in how return-to-duty data are reported in clinical research studies, and it is unclear whether return-to-duty status alone can be used as a surrogate for return to sport or whether it is a useful marker for return to full function. Questions/purposes (1) What proportion of military patients who reported return to duty also returned to athletic participation as defined by self-reported level of physical activity? (2) What proportion of military patients who reported return to duty reported other indicators of decreased function (such as nondeployability, change in work type or level, or medical evaluation board)? Methods Preoperative and postoperative self-reported physical profile status (mandated physical limitation), physical activity status, work status, deployment status, military occupation specialty changes, and medical evaluation board status were retrospectively reviewed for all active-duty soldiers who underwent orthopaedic surgery at Madigan Army Medical Center, Joint Base Lewis-McChord from February 2017 to October 2018. Survey data were collected on patients preoperatively and 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively in all subspecialty and general orthopaedic clinics. Patients were considered potentially eligible if they were on active-duty status at the time of their surgery and consented to the survey (1319 patients). A total of 89% (1175) were excluded since they did not have survey data at the 1 year mark. Of the remaining 144 patients, 9% (13) were excluded due to the same patient having undergone multiple procedures, and 2% (3) were excluded for incomplete data. This left 10% (128) of the original group available for analysis. Ninety-eight patients reported not having a physical profile at their latest postoperative visit; however, 14 of these patients also stated they were retired from the military, leaving 84 patients in the return-to-duty group. Self-reported "full-time duty with no restrictions" was originally used as the indicator for return to duty; however, the authors felt this to be too vague and instead used soldiers' self-reported profile status as a more specific indicator of return to duty. Mean length of follow-up was 13 ± 3 months. Eighty-three percent (70 of 84) of patients were men. Mean age at the preoperative visit was 35 ± 8 years. The most common surgery types were sports shoulder (n = 22) and sports knee (n = 14). The subgroups were too small to analyze by orthopaedic procedure. Based on active-duty status and requirements of the military profession, all patients were considered physically active before their injury or surgery. Return to sport was determined by asking patients how their level of physical activity compared with their level before their injury (higher, same, or lower). We identified the number of other indicators that may suggest decreased function by investigating change in work type/level, self-reported nondeployability, or medical evaluation board. This was performed with a simple survey. Results Of the 84 patients reporting return to duty at the final follow-up, 67% (56) reported an overall lower level of physical activity. Twenty-seven percent (23) reported not returning to the same work level, 32% (27) reported being nondeployable, 23% (19) reported undergoing a medical evaluation board (evaluation for medical separation from the military), and 11% (9) reported a change in military occupation specialty (change of job description). Conclusion Return to duty is commonly reported in military orthopaedics to describe postoperative functional outcome. Although self-reported return to duty may have value for military study populations, based on the findings of this investigation, surgeons should not consider return to duty a marker of return to sport or return to full function. However, further investigation is required to see to what degree this general conclusion applies to the various orthopaedic subspecialties and to ascertain how self-reported return to duty compares with specific outcome measures used for particular procedures and subspecialties. Level of evidence Level IV, therapeutic study.
- Published
- 2021
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