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Background This study investigated the association between xerostomia and health risk behaviours, general and oral health and quality of life. Methods A cross-sectional study involving 800 adults over 65 years of age residing in Spain using a computer-assisted telephone questionnaire. The severity of xerostomia was assessed through the Xerostomia Inventory (XI). Both univariate and adjusted multinomial logistic regression were used to determine the risk (OR) of xerostomia. Results The sample comprised of 492 females (61.5%) and 308 males, with a mean age of 73.7 ± 5.8 years. Some, 30.7% had xerostomia: 25.6% mild, 4.8% moderate and 0.3% severe, the majority being female (34.8% vs 24%; p = 0.003). The mean XI was 24.6 ± 6.3 (95% CI 19.2–24.8) for those with poor health, whereas it was 17.4 ± 6.3 (95%CI 16.1–18.6) in those reporting very good health (p p = 0.002). Logistic regression showed that the highest OR for xerostomia was observed among adults with poor general health (2.81; 95%CI 1.8–4.3; p p = 0.001). Those who needed help with household chores had 2.16 higher OR (95%CI 1.4–3.4; p = 0.001) and 1.69 (95%CI 1.1–2.7; p = 0.03) in the adjusted model. Females had a higher risk of suffering from xerostomia than males. Conclusion The strong association between xerostomia and the general and oral health status of older adults justifies the need for early assessment and regular follow-up.

Purpose This study used cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to analyze the prevalence of several maxillary anatomical/accessory structures, as well as variations within each type, assessing how accurate diagnosis can minimize the risk of intraoperative complications during implantological procedures in the oral cavity. Methods 212 CBCT scans of the maxilla were analyzed, captured over a period of 18 months for surgical planning purposes. The prevalence of posterior superior alveolar arteries (PSAA), maxillary sinus septa (MSS), and branches of the canalis sinuosus (CS) were evaluated, as were the diameter and location of each anatomical structure in horizontal and vertical planes. P Results PSAAs were observed in 99.1% of cases, the intrasinus type being the most frequent; MSS were noted in 15.6% of the sample, mainly in the posterior region with sagittal orientation; CS branches were observed in 50% of patients, mainly in relation to the incisors and significantly more prevalent among males. Conclusions The use of CBCT significantly increases the possibility of clearly identifying these anatomical structures. The differences found between patients highlight the importance of carrying out an exhaustive radiological study of the individual to prevent complications, such as Schneiderian membrane perforation, neurovascular damage or bleeding during surgery. Graphical Abstract

Background A number of reference patterns such as the interincisal line, curve of the upper lip, width of the smile or shape of the teeth have been studied in different populations. Determining the frequency of different smile aesthetic parameters in a European Caucasian population and exploring possible gender differences is important in order to obtain predictable treatment outcomes. Methods Photographs were obtained under resting and forced smiling conditions in 140 individuals (70 males and 70 females) with a mean age of 20.1 ± 4.3 years. Different variables were recorded, including the position of the maxillary interincisal midline in relation to the facial midline, the arc and width of the smile, and the shape of the teeth. The data were processed using the SPSS version 15.0 statistical package, with application of the chi-squared test and a confidence level of 95%. The statistical power was 80%, and the level of significance 5% (α = 0.05). Results A total of 94.3% of the sample presented a maxillary interincisal midline coinciding with the facial midline, and 80% had a consonant smile line. The curve of the upper lip was upwards in 47.1% of the cases, followed by a straight curve in 41.4%. Most of the subjects (84.3%) presented a medium smile line with tooth exposure to the second premolar (61.4%). There were no significant differences between males and females. Conclusions The integration of aesthetic criteria is needed in order to guarantee satisfactory and predictable dental treatment outcomes. There were no statistically significant differences between males and females. The maxillary interincisal midline coincided with the facial midline, with a consonant smile arc and a medium smile line, upward lip curve and oval tooth shape.

BACKGROUND Nonsurgical treatment, resective surgery, reconstructive surgery, or combined approaches have been proposed for the treatment of peri-implantitis, with variable results. PURPOSE To evaluate the 1-year clinical and radiographic outcomes following combined resective and reconstructive surgical treatment with topical piperacillin/tazobactam antibiotic in the management of peri-implantitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-three patients diagnosed with peri-implantitis were included. Surgical treatment consisted of implantoplasty of the supra-crestal component of the defect, the application of a topical antibiotic solution over the implant surface, and subsequent reconstruction of the intra-osseous component of the peri-implant defect. The primary outcome was disease resolution, defined as the absence of bleeding on probing (BoP) and/or suppuration on probing (SoP), a peri-implant pocket probing depth (PPD) ≤5 mm, and no bone loss >0.5 mm 1 year after surgery. Secondary outcomes included changes in BoP, PPD, SoP, and peri-implant marginal bone levels. One implant per patient was included in the analysis. RESULTS The treatment success rate of the 43 dental implants included in the study was 86% at 1 year after surgery. Mean PPD and BoP decreased from 6.41 ± 2.11 mm and 100% at baseline to 3.19 ± 0.99 mm (p

Introduction This systematic literature review aimed to evaluate the feasibility of xenogeneic bone blocks for ridge augmentation compared with autogenous blocks by analyzing block survival rates, block resorption, subsequent implant survival rate, post-surgical complications, and histomorphometric findings. Materials and Methods Electronic searches were conducted in the Medline (PubMed), Web of Science and Cochrane databases, complimented by a manual search in specialist journals, for relevant articles published up to March 2020. Inclusion criteria were human studies in which the outcomes of xenogeneic bone block grafts were evaluated by means of their survival rates and subsequent implant survival rates. Results Sixteen articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. 333 patients were recruited with a total of 337 xenogeneic bone blocks and 82 autogenous bone blocks, showing block failure rates of 6.82% and 6.1%, respectively. Bone gain, in both height and width, was similar among xenogeneic and autogenous bone blocks, but autogenous bone blocks suffered greater resorption. Implant survival rates were slightly lower for xenogeneic bone blocks. Histological and histomorphometric analysis observed more bone formation and less residual bone substitute with autogenous bone blocks than xenogeneic bone blocks. Conclusions Atrophic alveolar crest reconstruction with xenogeneic bone block grafts would appear to offer a viable alternative to autogenous bone block grafts, obtaining similar block graft failure rate, fewer sensitive postoperative complications but a slightly lower implant survival rate. Further investigations generating long term data are needed to confirm the feasibility of xenogeneic bone blocks in different clinical scenarios.

This work systematically reviews dental implant placement through impacted teeth or residual roots, as an alternative to invasive extraction surgeries, evaluated in terms of survival rates, marginal bone loss, surgical, and prosthetic complications. The authors conducted an electronic search of four databases up to September 2020; also a complementary handsearch was carried out. The quality of the included studies was assessed using a protocol for assessment of risk of bias in exposure studies. Ten studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were analysed. A total of 44 patients received 62 dental implants and were monitored for a minimum of 12-months follow-up. An overall mean implant survival rate was 90.32%, reporting 97.56 % for dental implants through impacted teeth and 76.19% through residual roots. No surgical or prosthetic complications were reported. Placing dental implants through impacted teeth may offer a valid therapeutic option for implant-supported restorations in patients for whom surgery and orthodontic traction are not possible, and/or patients who refuse to undergo more invasive extraction surgery. Moreover, additional caution is recommended when placing implants through retained root fragments, as this may involve long-term risk. Further research generating long-term data are needed to confirm these findings.

The aim of this systematic review was to assess the primary and secondary stability of dental implants placed at sites prepared with piezoelectric bone surgery (PBS) and conventional drilling (CD). The PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases were searched without date or language restriction up to June 2017. Controlled clinical trials in which each patient received implants placed at sites prepared with both PBS and CD were selected. Implant stability had to be measured on day 0 and during the osseointegration period. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. A meta-analysis was performed to compare primary stability (on day 0) and secondary stability (after 2 and 3months) between the two groups. The studies included were determined to have a high risk of bias. There was no significant difference between the two groups for primary stability (on day 0) (P=0.51). After 2 and 3months, secondary stability was statistically higher in implants placed with PBS preparation (P=0.04 and P=0.01, respectively). The implant survival rate was 97.5% in the CD group and 100% in the PBS group. PBS preparation improves secondary stability after 2 and 3months in comparison to CD, with similar implant survival rates. Further studies are needed to determine whether implant osseointegration periods could be shortened with PBS preparation.

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: [Martínez-Rodríguez N, Barona-Dorado C, Cortés-Breton Brinkmann J, Martín Ares M, Calvo-Guirado JL, Martínez-González JM. Clinical and radiographic evaluation of implants placed by means of inferior alveolar nerve lateralization: a 5-year follow-up study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2018 Jul;29(7):779-784., which has been published in final form at [10.1111/clr.12857]. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions Objective: To evaluate clinical and radiological responses of implants placed in combination with inferior alveolar nerve lateralization, analyzing survival and success rates over 5 years functional loading. Materials and methods: This prospective, longitudinal, single-center study recruited 40 patients with mandibular atrophy in the posterior sectors, who underwent lateralization of the inferior alveolar nerve. Three months after surgery and implant placement, the implants were loaded by means of screw-retained implant-supported partial prostheses or fixed complete prostheses. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed immediately after implant placement and at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60-month follow-up visits. Results: The 40 patients received a total of 129 implants (Phibo TSATM, Phibo Dental Solutions, Sentmenat, Barcelona, Spain). Two implants were lost in the first month after surgery, generating an implant cumulative survival rate (CSR) of 98.44%. The success rate after 5 years of loading was 98.44%. No intra-operative or postoperative soft tissue or prosthetic complications occurred during the 5-year follow-up. Conclusions: Inferior alveolar nerve lateralization performed to allow placement of (Phibo TSATM) implants in patients with mandibular atrophy obtained predictable clinical and radiological results over five years of functional loading. Odontología

Objective The present split-mouth prospective study involves an immunohistochemical evaluation of peri-implant soft tissue healing after the osseointegration period, comparing submerged and transmucosal approaches using two-piece implant systems. The null hypothesis was that both surgical procedures elicit a similar immune response of the peri-implant soft tissues. Design Thirty-one healthy patients were included in this study, in which two implants were placed in the right and left maxillary pre-molar regions. A total of 62 dental implants were analyzed, establishing a control side with 31 submerged implants, and a study side with 31 exposed implants bearing healing abutments. After a three-month healing period, a soft tissue biopsy was collected and prepared for immunohistochemical analysis of the proportions of different lymphocyte subpopulations. Results The comparative analysis between the submerged and transmucosal approaches failed to identify statistically significant differences in CD19+ B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD25+ T cells or γd T cells. However, significant differences in NK lymphocytes (p = 0.012) were recorded with the submerged surgical procedure. Conclusions Peri-implant soft tissue immune response with submerged or transmucosal healing protocols demonstrated comparable outcomes after the osseointegration period. There is sufficient evidence that the null hypothesis of no difference cannot be rejected. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind. Further research is therefore needed to further clarify the role of these lymphocyte subpopulations in peri-implant soft tissues. Sin financiación 1.663 JCR (2018) Q2, 44/91 Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine 0.610 SJR (2018) Q2, 43/148 Dentistry (miscellaneous) No data IDR 2018 UEV

Background In recent years the use of orthopantomography has been proposed as a low-cost, reliable and non-invasive diagnostic medium for detecting atheromatous plaque. The purpose of this study was to correlate the presence of carotid calcifications (atheroma) in orthopantomographs with specific risk factors for cerebrovascular accidents (previous cerebrovascular accidents, arterial hypertension, and diabetes). Material and Methods The methods used in this observational study of cases and control subjects followed STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology) recommendations. The study analyzed a total of 1,602 panoramic radiographs taken for dental diagnostic purposes between January 2010 and February 2014. The main variables analyzed were the incidence of atheromatous plaque and other cardiovascular risk factors. Epidat 3.1 statistical software was used to determine minimum sample sizes and the results were analyzed using PASW (Predictive Analytics Software) Statistics 10.0.0. Results For all the variables analyzed, the correlation between radiographic detection of atheromatous plaque and the presence of cardiovascular disease risk factors was found to be statistically significant (RR>1.5). Conclusions The presence of cardiovascular risk factors is related to the incidence of radiopaque lesions at the carotid artery bifurcation, indicating the presence of atheromatous plaque. Key words:Orthopantomography, atheromatous plaque, cerebrovascular accident, diabetes, arterial hypertension.

Objectives: To analyze the height and width of the ridge at the level of the premaxilla in edentulous patients, evaluating whether the sex of the patient, type of prosthetic rehabilitation and antagonist have an influence. Material and Method: We randomly selected a total of 89 patients, having an average age of 66.21 years old. A total of 308 measurements were made, all of them at the level of the premaxilla, in the intercanine area. As dependent variables, we analyzed the patients’ sex, age and the antagonist: removable (dental) prostheses (RP), fixed (dental) prostheses (FD), natural dentition (ND). As independent variables, we measured the height and residual width in sagittal sections provided by tomographic studies using Dentascan®. Results: We observed a significantly smaller ridge in women versus in men, and in patients whose antagonist was a fixed prosthesis; whereas for the type of prosthesis, we did not observe significant differences between the two categories analyzed. Conclusions: Bone resorption at the level of the premaxilla is a variable process in which a smaller size is observed (height and width) in women and when the antagonist is a fixed prosthesis. Key words: Bone resorption, premaxilla, dental prosthesis, edentulous.

Objectives: To evaluate graft types used for maxillary sinus augmentation and review success rates of dental implants inserted in these areas, analyzing the graft materials used, implant surface types and the moment of implant placement. Study Design: A meta-analytic study reviewing articles on sinus augmentation published during the last ten years. Results: 3,975 implants placed in sinus augmentations (with bony windows) were registered, of which 3,749 implants survived, a survival rate of 94.3%. Conclusions: When performing sinus augmentation, bone substitute materials are just as effective as autologous bone, whether used alone or in combination with autologous bone. Implant surface treatments can have an important effect on implant survival and it would appear that roughened surfaces are the best option. When implants are inserted simultaneously to grafting, a higher failure rate can be expected. Key words: Sinus augmentation, bone implant, bone regeneration, dental implant.

Synovial sarcoma is an unusual neoplasm of mesenchymal derivation, which is uncommon in the head and neck area. It comprises 8% to 10% of all tissue sarcomas, and only 3% to 10% of synovial cell sarcomas occur in the head and neck. The most common regions in the head and neck are the hypopharynx and the retropharynx. Fewer than 75 cases of head and neck localization have been reported in the literature. We report a case of a synovial cell sarcoma of the masticator space showing temporomandibular joint disease symptoms. The clinical, radiologic, and pathologic aspects and treatment have been discussed in light of the present literature.

To establish whether there is a high enough risk of bleeding in patients who take oral anticoagulants, such that it would justify not using oral anticoagulants when performing a dental extraction, as well as if the reason for and anatomical location of the extraction increases such risk. Study We performed a bibliographic search in order to carry out a meta-analytic study using descriptive statistics. We compiled a sample of 1194 patients from the articles selected. Of these patients, a total of 2392 simple, serial surgical extractions were performed; none of the patients interrupted their anticoagulant treatment with warfarin sodium. Of the sample, 83 patients presented a certain degree of bleeding; in 77 of such cases, the bleeding was controlled with local hemostasis, whereas 6 patients required their dose of oral anticoagulants to be adjusted. There was a higher incidence of bleeding in patients presenting a periodontal pathology, compared to deep caries and pericoronitis. Patients being treated with oral anticoagulants represent a risk that we should be aware of, but local hemostasis has proven to be effective when performing extractions, provided that the INR value is less than 4. There is an increased incidence of bleeding in patients with periodontal problems, due to the greater presence of inflammation in the soft tissues. If the extraction is performed in the maxilla, the incidence of hemorrhagic complications is slightly higher than in the mandible, although this difference is considered to be insignificant.

Knowing that patients desire reduced duration of local anesthesia, the authors performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of phentolamine mesylate (PM) in reducing anesthesia duration and the occurrence of adverse effects.The authors searched studies in 4 electronic databases up to December 18, 2014. For each study, the methodological quality was assessed according to the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that used PM met the inclusion criteria.Six RCTs met the inclusion criteria and were used to carry out a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of PM and a qualitative analysis of its adverse effects. The use of PM was more effective in reversing the anesthetic effect on the lower lip and tongue than was applying a placebo. Adverse effects reported in the studies were not statistically significant, the most frequent being headache, pain during injection, and postprocedure pain.Based on limited evidence, PM is effective in reducing the persistence of anesthesia duration on the lower lip and tongue, with infrequent adverse effects of little clinical significance.

Background: In a previous study on a nocturnal, every-other-day online haemodiafiltration scheme, different removal patterns were observed for urea, creatinine, β2-​microglobulin, myoglobin and prolactin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of dialysis duration and infusion flow (Qi) on the removal of different molecular weight (MW) solutes, and to quantify the effect of the different treatments on the kinetics of the solutes by using a classical two-compartment model. Methods: This prospective, in-center study was carried out in 10 patients on a nocturnal, every-other-day online post-dilution haemodiafiltration program. Each patient received four dialysis sessions with different conditions, two 4-h sessions (with infusion flows of 50 or 100 ml/min) and two 8-h sessions (with infusion flows of 50 or 100 ml/min). To analyze the solute kinetics, blood samples were obtained hourly during the dialysis treatments and in the first 3 h post-dialysis. Results: Removal patterns differed in the molecules studied, which were quantified by means of the two-compartment mathematical model. The main results show the impact of dialysis duration on the removal of low molecular weight molecules (urea and creatinine), while the impact of Qi is clearly shown for high molecular weight molecules (myoglobin and prolactin). For middle molecular weight solutes, such as β2-microglobulin, both factors (duration and Qi) enhance the removal efficiency of the dialyzer. Conclusions: Our study evaluates experimentally and mathematically how treatment time and infusion flow affect the filtration of solutes of different MW during post-dilution haemodiafiltration. The results provided by the present study should help physicians to select and individualise the most appropriate schedules to deliver an optimum diffusive and convective dialysis dose for each patient.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the satisfaction of rehabilitated edentulous patients in relation to implant prosthetic type.This prospective cohort study included 40 completely edentulous patients wearing conventional prostheses. They were divided into two study groups: Group A contained 20 patients rehabilitated with implant-supported fixed prostheses and Group B contained 20 patients with overdentures. Subjects were evaluated by means of a specially designed questionnaire before treatment and after 1, 3 and 5 years.Group A exhibited better results in terms of esthetics, function and personal satisfaction, although without statistically significant differences. However, statistically significant differences were found within parameters of oral hygiene after 1 year in favor of Group B.Overall satisfaction was seen to increase after implant rehabilitation, regardless of the type of prosthesis used. The satisfaction of edentulous patients differs depending on prosthetic type. Patients rehabilitated with fixed prostheses obtain a generally higher level of satisfaction than patients wearing overdentures.

To determine the prevalence of supernumerary molars in a sector of the population of Madrid, as well as the possible complications associated with the presence of hypergenetic molars.A retrospective, descriptive study was carried out, which included a data assessment of all patients (13557) seeking dental care at a hospital's department of oral surgery across 4 years. The proposed methodology consisted of preparing a medical record in order to obtain data on the medical record number, age and sex of the patient, radiological findings such as location and type of supernumerary molar, retained/erupted molar, related accidents and tooth morphology.Supernumerary molars were found to be present in 130 patients, representing a prevalence of 0.96% of the total population studied. These patients had a total of 173 hypergenetic molars, consisting of 137 distomolars and 36 paramolars Mechanical-obstructive pathology was associated with 28.9%, whereas enlargement of the follicular sack bigger than 3 mm was present in 16.2% of the sample.Supernumerary molars are usually diagnosed as a coincidental radiological finding without any associated pathology. However a higher percentage of comorbidity was found than initially expected.

The aim of this prospective clinical study was to evaluate the survival rates at 5 years of expanded platform implants placed in the anterior zone of the maxilla and immediately restored with single crowns.Implants incorporating the platform-switching concept were placed in fresh extraction sockets in the maxillary arch, with each patient receiving a provisional restoration immediately after implant placement. After 15 days, final screwed restorations were inserted. Mesial and distal bone heights were evaluated using digital radiography on the day following implant placement and at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36 months and 5 years. Primary stability was measured with resonance frequency analysis (RFA) using the Osstell Mentor device. Sixty-four implants were placed in 32 men and 32 women ranging in age between 29 and 60 (mean: 39.64 ± 5.16 years).Mean mesial bone loss was 0.08 mm (SD 0.42). Mean distal bone loss was 0.14 mm (SD 0.56). Over the course of the 5 years, the mean RFA value was 72.5 ± 3.1 SD.The platform-switched implants remained stable over the course of 5 years and had an overall survival rate of 97.1%.

Objective: To determine the optimum surgical treatment for oral antral communications (OAC) and to understand the main post-operative complications.Study Design: Meta-analytical, observational and retrospective study of 1,072 cases of OAC obtained from a literature review of 15 articles. Results: OAC occur slightly more often in men and during the fourth decade of life. Its primary etiological factor is dental extraction, most often affecting the third molar. The most common treatment has been the use of Bichat's fat pad grafts, whereas the technique with the highest percentage of complications has been the use of the palatal rotation flap. The most frequent complication has been the fistulization of the OAC. Conclusions: Early diagnosis of OAC and its treatment within 48 hours of evolution are fundamental in order to properly resolve this pathology. The use of Bichat's fat pad grafts is a simple technique that offers excellent vascularization and results. © Medicina Oral.

Objective The aim of this study was to present a series of clinical cases on glossopharyngeal neuralgia as well as the therapeutic approach used. Patients and Methods This observational, descriptive, and retrospective study was carried out on 14 patients who were diagnosed with glossopharyngeal neuralgia between the years 1997 and 2007 at the Oral-Facial and Implant Surgery Department and at the Otorhinolaryngology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery Departments of the Madrid University Hospital. Results The study consisted of 8 women and 6 men. The neuralgia was found predominantly on the left side, and considering the 4 areas of topographical distribution into which the distribution of the ninth nerve is divided, the results of our study showed that the maximum of the areas affected was 3, with 2 areas being the most common. Accompanying symptoms were only recorded in 4 of the cases. In 12 of the cases, initial treatment was with prescription drugs consisting of different doses of carbamazepine. In the remaining cases, or once the other course of treatment was proven to be unsuccessful, surgical treatment was used, applying different techniques and obtaining a high rate of success with them. Conclusions Glossopharyngeal neuralgia is an uncommon pathology that is treated with medicine or surgery, with carbamazepine and vascular microdecompression being the treatments of choice.

Since Branemark first started developing its implant system, there has been a continuous and significant evolu tion in oral implantology through experimental and clinical research, and many of the concepts that were once considered valid have now become the subject of debate. The insertion of the implant immediately after extraction of the tooth to be substituted has now become the implant treatment of choice and is associated with preserving the bone structure and the gingival architecture, as well as with reducing the treatment time, which ultimately benefits the patient. Objective: To evaluate the success rate of the immediate post-extraction implants (IPI) subject to immediate loading. Study Design: A meta-analytic study was carried out on 659 immediate post-extraction implants obtained from a bibliographic review of 25 articles published within the last 9 years. Results: We obtained a sample of 322 patients who had been treated with a total of 659 implants placed immediately following extraction. The mean age of the patients was 51 years old. A total of 441 implants were inserted in the maxilla, 152 in the mandible and 64 were placed in an unspecified location. The survival rate ranged between 85% and 100%. Conclusions: Immediate post-extraction implant treatment is an implant alternative with a survival rate similar to that of the conventional technique for implant placement and enables preserving both the bone structure and gingival architecture, as well as providing immediate functional loading, thus improving the quality of the treatment as far as the patient is concerned.

Objectives: To determine the frequency of systemic pathologies in patients aged 65 years or more, who require oral care and possibly oral surgery. Study Design: We carried out a cross-sectional descriptive study reviewing 3,388 medical histories for patients from the Department of Medicine and Oral Surgery of the School of Dentistry at the Complutense University of Madrid, who had requested surgical treatment. Those selected were at least 65 years of age or more, and were grouped according to their medical histories into categories of pathologies, which include: systemic, cardiovascular, digestive, respiratory, endocrine-metabolic, genitourinary, osteoarticular, nervous system and the sensory organs. Results: Patients over the age of 65 most commonly present cardiovascular and digestive pathologies, which represent values of 30.8% and 13.75%, respectively. The rest of the systemic pathologies analyzed were categorized according to frequency, as follows: endocrino-metabolic pathologies 6.66%, respiratory pathologies 6.25%, genitourinary pathologies 3.75%, osteoarticular pathologies 2.91%, and pathologies of the nervous system and sensory organs 2.08%. Conclusions: The demand for surgical treatments by third age patients was relatively low, representing 2.18%. However, the presence of systemic pathologies was constant, and therefore, the anamnesis and patient medical history are fundamental for any surgical treatment.

While there is a hereditary component to tori, this does not explain all cases. Tori tend to appear more frequently during middle age of life; the torus palatinus is more commonly observed in females, but this is not the case with the torus mandibularis. Certain ethnic groups are more prone to one torus or the other. The torus is mainly removed due to prostodontic reasons, as it may also be used as biomaterial, not only in periodontology, but also in implantology. The aim of this study was a review of the literature from the past twenty years. Sin financiación 1.071 JCR (2010) Q3, 52/77 Dentistry, oral surgery & medicine UEM

Objective: To study the presence of sinus disorders and their diagnosis based on clinical and radiographic findings, correlating their presence with tomography tests and panoramic radiography. Study design: We conducted a retrospective study on 152 patients who were seeking implant treatment, thereby allowing us to evaluate 42 patients who had abnormal sinuses. The patients underwent an evaluation of their medical history as well a clinical examination, panoramic radiography and tomographic study. Results: The average age of the patient was 59.8 years old, and 54.76% of the group were males and 45.23% were females. Prior respiratory disorders were present in 52.38% of the patients, and 57.3% of the group presented dental disorders. In assessing the type of wound, we observed that 73.21% were mucosal hyperplasia and 26.78% were mucous cysts. Of the 56 sinuses affected, only 28.57% were diagnosed using panoramic radiography. Conclusions: Panoramic radiography has limitations in the diagnosis of sinus disorders; computerized tomography (CT) remains the most effective diagnostic test.

Objective: To identify and evaluate the frequency of the different odontogenic conditions that may lead to maxillary sinusitis. Study design: An observational and retrospective meta-analysis was carried out on 770 cases of maxillary sinusitis obtained from a literature review of 15 articles. Results: Maxillary sinusitis most commonly manifests itself as chronic maxillary sinusitis. It is more common in females and is most often diagnosed in the fifth decade of life. The teeth most predominantly affected are the molars, with the first molar tooth being the most frequently involved. The principal etiological factor is extraction.

An evaluation is made of the surgical activity in the context of the Master of Oral Surgery (Madrid Complutense University, Madrid, Spain), together with an analysis of social demand in ambulatory oral surgery.A descriptive statistical analysis (frequency and contingency tables) is made of the different parameters relating to the activity carried out in this postgraduate master during two academic years.A total of 6750 interventions were carried out in 5877 patients. Females predominated over males (62% versus 38%), and 59.2% of the subjects were in the 21-40 years age range. The most common procedure was tooth extraction (91%); of these, 83.5% corresponded to molars. Other extractions accounted for 5.5%, while impacted canines represented 1.2% of the interventions, cyst removal 1.2%, and periapical surgery 0.5%.Our results show third molar extraction to be the most commonly demanded intervention in ambulatory oral surgery.

A study is made of the efficacy of the Erbium:YAG laser in granulomatous periapical lesions, based on clinical and radiographic controls.The study comprised a series of 45 patients amenable to periapical surgical treatment of incisors, canines and premolars. A conventional surgical technique was used, with silver amalgam retrograde filling and irradiation of the bone defect and remnant root cement with the Erbium:YAG laser. Clinical and radiographic controls were made during 24 months, assessing the absence of symptoms and the presence of pain, swelling or fistula and ossification of the lesions, respectively.The clinical course proved asymptomatic in 95.5% of the cases. As regards remodeling of the bone cavity, 77.7% had completed ossification after 24 months, 13.3% were in an advanced stage of ossification and 4.5% in an intermediate stage, while 4.5% showed treatment failure.The combination of silver amalgam and irradiation with the Erbium:YAG laser in periapical surgery showed a very high clinical success rate, with a 77.7% bone cavity remodeling rate after 24 months.

To determine whether smoking influences the postoperative course (pain and trismus) of lower third molar surgery, with a clinical evaluation of surgical wound condition and analysis of the possible differences between smokers and nonsmokers.The study subjects were randomly distributed into two groups (smokers and nonsmokers) and subjected to lower third molar extraction in the Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Madrid Complutense University, Spain). The study variables were trismus after 7 days, the intensity of pain and the need for rescue medication during a period of one week. The surgical wound was also assessed (color, presence of plaque, etc).Two cases of postoperative infection were documented among the smokers, and postoperative trismus was found to be greater among the latter (p=0.05).There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of pain, though trismus was greater among the smokers. Smoking did not influence wound condition (color, marginal inflammation, appositioning of the margins, ulceration, etc).