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Background Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were proposed to have potential effects against inflammation and cancer. However, results from epidemiology studies remain inconsistent. We aimed to explore the associations of plasma PUFAs with EC recurrence and all-cause mortality. Method Women diagnosed with endometrial cancer (EC) between 2008 and 2013 and underwent surgery at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center of China were recruited. Survival status was followed up through September 2017. EC recurrence and total cause deaths were identified through medical record and telephone interview. In total, 202 patients with enough plasma samples at time of surgery were included. There were 195 patients who provided baseline plasma and survival information included in the current study. Plasma omega-3 PUFAs were measured by GC-FID. Cox Proportional Hazard model adjusted for potential cofounders was used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs. Results Median follow-up time for patients was 58 months after surgery. A total of 13 recurrences and 11 all-cause deaths, of which, 2 deaths from EC, were identified. Level of plasma EPA was higher in recurrent patients than total patients (0.78% vs 0.51%, P = 0.015). Higher plasma eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) level trended to have positive association with EC recurrence (P-trend = 0.04), although comparing to the lowest tertile, the highest tertile of EPA level was not significantly associated with increased risk of EC recurrence (HRT3vsT1 = 6.02; 95%CI = 0.7–52.06). The association between total omega-3 PUFA and EC recurrence tended to be stronger among patients with deeper myometrial invasion (OR = 3.41; 95%CI = 1.06–10.95; P-interaction = 0.04). Conclusions Higher plasma EPA level was significantly associated with EC recurrence. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings. Trial registration ChiCTR1900025418; Retrospectively registered (26 August 2019); Chinses Clinical Trial Registry.

The association between diet and macrocytic and hypochromic anemia in young Chinese men and women remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary pattern and macrocytic and hypochromic microcytic anemia in young Chinese men and women.Some 4,840 first-year students (2,385 men and 2,455 women) were recruited for this study from Qingdao University, China. Biochemical and hematological parameters, and food frequency questionnaires were obtained from the subjects. Based on dietary intake, participants were divided into three dietary patterns: seafood dietary pattern (SDP), vegan dietary pattern (VDP) and omnivorous dietary pattern (ODP). The risks for macrocytic and microcytic hypochromic anemia in three dietary patterns were assessed.Macrocytic and hypochromic anemia were less common in participants who adhered to the omnivorous dietary pattern than to the vegan or seafood dietary patterns (p0.05). Adhering to an omnivorous dietary pattern was negatively associated with macrocytic anemia in men [odds ratio (95% CI): 0.74 (0.62, 0.89), p0.001] and microcytic, hypochromic anemia in both genders [men: odds ratio (95% CI): 0.64 (0.45, 0.92), p=0.01; women: odds ratio (95% CI): 0.71 (0.51, 0.99), p=0.04].Adhering to an omnivorous dietary pattern was associated with less common macrocytic anemia in young men and microcytic, hypochromic anemia. Dietary diversity is important in preventing macrocytic anemia in men and also microcytic, hypochromic anemia in young men and women. Excessive alcohol intake is the most plausible explanation for macrocytosis in the young men.

The consumption of fish and long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) may influence the risk of all-cause mortality, but the findings have been inconsistent. The current systematic review and meta-analysis is to clarify the association between fish and long chain n-3 PUFA consumption with risk of all-cause mortality.Studies published before March 2017 were identified through electronic searches using PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science database. We included prospective cohort studies that reported relative risks with 95% CI of all-cause mortality for fish and long chain n-3 PUFA consumption. Results were combined using a random effects model.Twenty-three prospective cohorts with a total of 1,035,416 participants were included. Twenty-two pooled studies involving 985,126 participants indicated that fish intake was associated with 6% (RR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.90, 0.98) reduction in risk of all-cause mortality. Six studies with 430,579 participants investigated the association between long chain n-3 PUFA and all-cause mortality risk, the relative risk for highest versus lowest category was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.80, 0.93). Doseresponse analysis suggested that the risk of all-cause mortality was reduced by 7% (RR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.99) for every 0.2 g per day increment in long chain n-3 PUFA consumption.Current meta-analysis indicates that both fish and long chain n-3 PUFA consumption are inversely associated with risk of all-cause mortality. These findings could have public health implications with regard to lowering risk of all-cause mortality through dietary interventions.

The association between exclusive breastfeeding duration and infant anemia is not clear.This study aimed to assess the association of exclusive breastfeeding duration with risk of anemia in infants at 12 mo of age and in children aged 48-71 mo in mainland China.Detailed breastfeeding information and anthropometric data were obtained for 65,256 children enrolled in the Jiaxing Birth Cohort at 1, 3, and 6 mo of age. Hemoglobin was measured in 25,549 children at 12 mo and in 32,770 children between the ages of 48 and 71 mo. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin concentrations110 g/L in children aged60 mo and115 g/L in children aged ≥60 mo. The associations between exclusive breastfeeding duration and risk of anemia were assessed as adjusted ORs by using multiple logistic regression.Overall anemia prevalences at 12 and 48-71 mo were 24.9% and 9.9%, respectively. Exclusive breastfeeding for ≥6 mo, but not for 3-5 mo, was significantly associated with a higher risk of anemia in infants at age 12 mo (OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.29; P = 0.02) compared with exclusive breastfeeding for3 mo. For young children aged 48-71 mo, this finding was only marginally significant (OR: 1.13; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.29; P = 0.08). Prolonged duration of exclusive breastfeeding was also significantly associated with decreased hemoglobin concentrations of -0.56 g/L (95% CI: -1.10, -0.03; P = 0.04) in infants and -0.99 g/L (95% CI: -1.44, -0.55; P0.001) in young children.Exclusive breastfeeding for ≥6 mo was associated with an increased risk of anemia in infants aged 12 mo and with lower hemoglobin concentrations in both infants aged 12 mo and young children aged 48-71 mo. Parents should provide infants with an adequate source of iron after 6 mo of exclusive breastfeeding.