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12 results on '"MESH: Arboviruses"'

1. Reconstructing Mayaro virus circulation in French Guiana shows frequent spillovers

Author

Antoine Enfissi, Matthieu Najm, Sarah Bailly, Nathanaël Hozé, Dominique Rousset, Jessica Vanhomwegen, Jean-Claude Manuguerra, Camille Fritzell, Claude Flamand, Simon Cauchemez, Henrik Salje, Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses - Mathematical modelling of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de Référence pour les Arbovirus - Laboratoire associé de Virologie [Cayenne, Guyane] (CNR), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Unité d'Epidémiologie, Environnement et Risques infectieux - Environment and Infectious Risks (ERI), Institut Pasteur [Paris], This study was supported by the 'European Regional Development Fund' under EPI-ARBO grant agreement (GY0008695), the 'Regional Health Agency of French Guiana', the 'National Center of Spatial Studies'. C.Fl. and C. Fr. acknowledge funding from Calmette and Yersin allocated by the 'Pasteur Institut Department of International Affairs'. N.H. and S.C. acknowledge financial support from the AXA Research Fund, the Investissement d’Avenir program, the Laboratoire d’Excellence Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases program (Grant ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), the Models of Infectious Disease Agent Study of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, the INCEPTION project (PIA/ANR-16-CONV-0005), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under ZIKAlliance grant agreement No. 734548., We wish to thank Mirdad Kazanji (Institut Pasteur in French Guiana), Félix Djossou (Cayenne hospital center), Sandrine Fernandes-Pellerin (Institut Pasteur - CRT), and Léna Berthelot, Séverine Matheus, Laetitia Bremand, Bhety Labeau, David Moua, and Marine Rangon from the Arbovirus National Reference Center for their valuable contribution in the laboratory analyses. We thank Juliette Paireau and Quirine ten Bosch for insightful discussions., ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID,IBEID,Laboratoire d'Excellence 'Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases'(2010), ANR-16-CONV-0005,INCEPTION,Institut Convergences pour l’étude de l’Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs(2016), European Project: 734548,ZIKAlliance(2016), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Centre National de Référence pour les Arbovirus - Laboratoire de Virologie [Cayenne, Guyane française] (CNR - laboratoire associé), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-16-CONV-0005,INCEPTION,Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs(2016), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Hozé, Nathanaël [0000-0002-3977-8966], Salje, Henrik [0000-0003-3626-4254], Rousset, Dominique [0000-0002-1473-3147], Manuguerra, Jean-Claude [0000-0002-5202-6531], Flamand, Claude [0000-0002-8064-445X], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Statistical methods, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], viruses, General Physics and Astronomy, Rural Health, Antibodies, Viral, medicine.disease_cause, Communicable Diseases, Emerging, Viral infection, MESH: Cross Reactions, 13/1, Seroepidemiologic Studies, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Arboviruses, MESH: Child, MESH: Communicable Diseases, Emerging, 692/308/174, Chikungunya, [MATH]Mathematics [math], Child, MESH: Alphavirus Infections, lcsh:Science, MESH: Immunoglobulin G, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Multidisciplinary, MESH: Middle Aged, article, virus diseases, Middle Aged, 631/114/2415, MESH: Infant, French Guiana, 3. Good health, [STAT]Statistics [stat], Geography, MESH: Young Adult, Child, Preschool, Epidemiological Monitoring, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Female, Sylvatic cycle, Chikungunya virus, Adult, Adolescent, Science, 030106 microbiology, Cross Reactions, Arbovirus, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Virus, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Cross-Sectional Studies, 692/699/255/2514, Environmental health, MESH: French Guiana, medicine, Humans, Natural reservoir, Viral immunology, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Seroepidemiologic Studies, MESH: Humans, Alphavirus Infections, MESH: Child, Preschool, Infant, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, MESH: Adult, MESH: Chikungunya virus, General Chemistry, MESH: Rural Health, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, Cross-Sectional Studies, 030104 developmental biology, Immunoglobulin G, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, lcsh:Q, MESH: Epidemiological Monitoring, MESH: Female, Arboviruses, MESH: Antibodies, Viral
Abstract

Characterizing the circulation of Mayaro virus (MAYV), an emerging arbovirus threat, is essential for risk assessment but challenging due to cross-reactivity with other alphaviruses such as chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Here, we develop an analytical framework to jointly assess MAYV epidemiology and the extent of cross-reactivity with CHIKV from serological data collected throughout French Guiana (N = 2697). We find strong evidence of an important sylvatic cycle for MAYV with most infections occurring near the natural reservoir in rural areas and in individuals more likely to go to the forest (i.e., adult males) and with seroprevalences of up to 18% in some areas. These findings highlight the need to strengthen MAYV surveillance in the region and showcase how modeling can improve interpretation of cross-reacting assays., Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an emerging arbovirus, but cross-reactivity with other alphaviruses makes analysis of its epidemiology difficult. Here, the authors develop an analytical framework to assess MAYV epidemiology and find evidence for an important sylvatic cycle and seroprevalences of up to 18% in some areas of French Guiana.

Published
2020

2. Mayaro virus infection in French Guiana, a cross sectional study 2003-2019

Author

Rémi Mutricy, Séverine Matheus, Émilie Mosnier, Enguerrane Martinez-Lorenzi, Franck De Laval, Mathieu Nacher, Florence Niemetzky, Pauline Naudion, Félix Djossou, Dominique Rousset, Loïc Epelboin, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Environnement et Risques infectieux - Environment and Infectious Risks (ERI), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Centre d'épidémiologie et de santé publique des armées [Marseille] (CESPA), Service de Santé des Armées, Centre Médical Interarmées de Cayenne, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais Franck Joly [Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, Guyane Française], and ROUSSET, Dominique

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), viruses, MESH: Zika Virus, MESH: Chikungunya Fever, Mosquito Vectors, [SDV.BBM.BM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Microbiology, MESH: Arthralgia, MESH: Zika Virus Infection, MESH: Cross-Sectional Studies, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Aedes, MESH: Arboviruses, parasitic diseases, MESH: French Guiana, Genetics, Animals, Humans, MESH: Animals, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Retrospective Studies, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, MESH: Humans, Zika Virus Infection, virus diseases, MESH: Retrospective Studies, MESH: Chikungunya virus, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, MESH: Aedes, Zika Virus, Arthralgia, French Guiana, Infectious Diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Chikungunya Fever, MESH: Mosquito Vectors, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Chikungunya virus, Arboviruses
Abstract

International audience; Mayaro Virus is an emerging arbovirus which can be responsible of important outbreaks in tropical regions. A retrospective study was performed in French Guiana, an ultraperipheral region of Europe in Amazonia. We identified 17 human cases between 2003 and 2019. The clinical and biological picture was close to Chikungunya with fever and arthralgia. One patient had acute meningo-encephalitis, and 4 had persistent arthralgia. Physicians should be aware of this virus, as imported cases in Europe have already occurred. AUTHOR SUMMARY: Latin America has experienced several epidemics of arboviruses in recent years, some known for a long time, such as the dengue virus, and others of more recent introduction such as the chikungunya or Zika viruses. There are other arboviruses for the moment more discreet which are rife with low noise in several countries of the continent, such as the Mayaro virus. This alphavirus, with a presentation similar to that of the chikungunya virus, is currently confined to transmission by forest mosquitoes, but its potential to be transmitted by coastal mosquitoes such as Aedes aegypti, make it a potential candidate for a continent-wide epidemic. It therefore seems necessary to know this virus as well as possible in order to anticipate the occurrence of a possible new epidemic. We present here a both demographic and clinical study of this endemic arbovirus disease in French Guiana.

Published
2021

3. Epidemiologic History and Genetic Diversity Origins of Chikungunya and Dengue Viruses, Paraguay

Author

Julien Thézé, Shirley Villalba, Juan Torales, Sandra Irala, María Liz Gamarra, Marta Giovanetti, Jairo Andres Mendez Rico, Andrea Gómez, Cynthia Vazquez, Tulio de Oliveira, Ingra Morales Claro, Vasco Azevedo, Fernanda de Bruycker-Nogueira, Leticia Franco, Ana Maria Bispo de Filippis, Carlos F. Campelo de Albuquerque, Joilson Xavier, Vagner Fonseca, Marcos Cesar Lima de Mendonça, Luiz Carlos Junior Alcantara, Edward C. Holmes, Jaqueline Goes de Jesus, Tiago Gräf, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Partenaires INRAE, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanita [Rome], Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, and University of Oxford [Oxford]

Subjects
Serotype, Epidemiology, viruses, vector-borne infections, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, MESH: Chikungunya Fever, MESH: Dengue, Dengue virus, medicine.disease_cause, MESH: Dengue Virus, Dengue fever, Dengue, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Arboviruses, 030212 general & internal medicine, Chikungunya, MESH: Genetic Variation, MESH: Phylogeny, MESH: Paraguay, Phylogeny, Phylogenetic tree, Zika Virus Infection, virus diseases, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, arboviruses, Medicine, Brazil, Microbiology (medical), 030231 tropical medicine, MESH: Zika Virus, Biology, Arbovirus, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Zika Virus Infection, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, Genetic diversity, chikungunya virus, MESH: Humans, dengue virus, Research, Genetic Variation, Zika Virus, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, medicine.disease, Virology, Epidemiologic History and Genetic Diversity Origins of Chikungunya and Dengue Viruses, Paraguay, genomic surveillance, 13. Climate action, Paraguay, nanopore sequencing, Chikungunya Fever, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Brazil
Abstract

International audience; C hikungunya virus (CHIKV), dengue virus (DENV), and Zika virus (ZIKV) are 3 of the most common arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) that infect humans. All are transmitted by the anthropophilic and urban-adapted Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquito vectors (1). Driven by human movement and climate trends, the distribution of these mosquitoes is expanding along with the arboviruses they transmit (2). In Latin America, CHIKV and ZIKV have emerged since the mid-2000s, joining DENV, which is already endemic there (3). In this region, only Uruguay and Chile did not report autochthonous transmissions of one of these arboviruses during 2014-2019, highlighting the current state of endemicity (4). Paraguay is a landlocked country in the center of South America; it borders Bolivia, Brazil, and Argentina. DENV is endemic to Paraguay, and all 4 serotypes (DENV-1-4) have been detected there; in some seasons, multiple serotypes co-circulate (5,6). Phylogenetic analysis has shown that DENV genetic diversity in Paraguay is closely related to that in neighboring countries, particularly Brazil (7,8). However, more genomic surveillance studies in Paraguay are needed to learn more about this epidemiologic pattern. Cases

Published
2021

4. [Cell biology of phlebovirus entry]

Author

Uckeley, Zina, Koch, Jana, Tischler, Nicole, Léger, Psylvia, Lozach, Pierre-Yves, Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research [Heidelberg, Allemagne] (CIID), and Heidelberg University Hospital [Heidelberg]

Subjects
Phlebovirus, fusion, RNA virus, MESH: Phlebovirus, viruses, receptor, bunyavirus, Ticks, MESH: Psychodidae, MESH: Arboviruses, Rift, arthropod, endocytosis, Animals, Humans, MESH: Animals, MESH: Animals, Domestic, cell entry, MESH: Ticks, MESH: Humans, banyangvirus, Uukuniemi, Toscana, arbovirus, Animals, Domestic, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, SFTSV, Psychodidae, Arboviruses
Abstract

International audience; Phleboviruses constitute a large group of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses), mainly transmitted to their hosts by sandflies and ticks, occasionally by mosquitoes. These viruses have a worldwide distribution and many cause serious diseases - often fatal - in both domestic animals and humans. The global warming, the apparent wide distribution of arthropod reservoirs, and the increasing number of outbreaks show that phleboviruses must be taken seriously as emerging disease agents. This review proposes to focus on the early steps of phlebovirus infection, from virus binding to penetration into the cytosol. We address the most recent knowledge and advances in the entry of these viruses into vertebrate host cells, including virus receptors, cellular factors, endocytic pathways, and fusion.

Published
2019

5. Identification of Dengue and Chikungunya Cases Among Suspected Cases of Yellow Fever in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Author

Steve Ahuka-Mundeke, Justus Nsio-Mbeta, Eric M. Leroy, Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum, Sheila Makiala-Mandanda, Jessica L. Abbate, Elisabeth Pukuta-Simbu, Nicolas Berthet, Pierre Becquart, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa [Congo], Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale [Kinshasa] (INRB), Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Université de Yaoundé I-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Direction de la Lutte contre la Maladie [Kinshasa, Cameroun], Ministère de la Santé Publique du Cameroun, Environnement et Risques infectieux - Environment and Infectious Risks (ERI), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), We also acknowledge the Agence universitaire de la francophonie for contributing funds to this project. This study was supported by the Centre International de Recherches Medicales de Franceville (CIRMF), which is funded by the Gabonese Government, Total Gabon and The French Foreign Ministry in collaboration with the the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB) of Kinshasa, DRC. Postdoctoral support for J.L.A. was provided by ANR JC 'STORY' granted to Benjamin Roche., We thank the Ministry of Public Health of the DRC, particularly the head of the Direction de lutte contre la maladie for allowing us to work on samples from the yellow fever surveillance program. We are also grateful to the medical staff who participated in the yellow fever surveillance program in the DRC, without whom we could not have obtained the samples included in this study., and ANR-14-CE14-0020,STORY,Communautés de pathogènes: une association de malfaiteurs(2014)

Subjects
Male, viruses, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Dengue, MESH: Chikungunya Fever, Dengue virus, Antibodies, Viral, medicine.disease_cause, MESH: Dengue Virus, Dengue fever, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Arboviruses, MESH: Child, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Chikungunya, Rift Valley fever, Child, MESH: Yellow Fever, MESH: Aged, Disease surveillance, MESH: Middle Aged, Coinfection, Yellow fever, Middle Aged, MESH: Infant, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, MESH: Young Adult, Child, Preschool, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Female, Viral disease, Chikungunya virus, Adult, Adolescent, 030231 tropical medicine, Microbiology, yellow fever, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Virology, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, Serologic Tests, Aged, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Serologic Tests, MESH: Child, Preschool, Infant, Outbreak, DRC, MESH: Adult, MESH: Chikungunya virus, MESH: Democratic Republic of the Congo, Dengue Virus, medicine.disease, dengue, MESH: Male, MESH: Prospective Studies, MESH: Coinfection, Chikungunya Fever, business, MESH: Female, Arboviruses, MESH: Antibodies, Viral
Abstract

International audience; For more than 95% of acute febrile jaundice cases identified through surveillance for yellow fever, a reemerging arthropod-borne viral disease, no etiological exploration is ever done. The aim of this study was to test for other arthropod-borne viruses that can induce the same symptoms in patients enrolled in the yellow fever surveillance in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Of 652 patients included in the surveillance of yellow fever in DRC from January 2003 to January 2012, 453 patients that tested negative for yellow fever virus (YFV) immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies were selected for the study. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed for the detection of dengue, West Nile, Chikungunya, O'nyong-nyong, Rift Valley fever, Zika, and YFV. The average age of patients was 22.1 years. We reported 16 cases (3.5%; confidence interval [CI]: 0.8-5.2) of dengue (serotypes 1 and 2) and 2 cases (0.4%; CI: 0.0-1.0) of Chikungunya. Three patients were co-infected with the two serotypes of dengue virus. Three cases of dengue were found in early July 2010 from the city of Titule (Oriental province) during a laboratory-confirmed outbreak of yellow fever, suggesting simultaneous circulation of dengue and yellow fever viruses. This study showed that dengue and Chikungunya viruses are potential causes of acute febrile jaundice in the DRC and highlights the need to consider dengue and Chikungunya diagnosis in the integrated disease surveillance and response program in the DRC. A prospective study is necessary to establish the epidemiology of these diseases.

Published
2018

6. Seroepidemiological Studies of Arboviruses in Africa

Author

Eduardo Samo, Gudo, S, Ali, V S, António, I R, Chelene, I, Chongo, M, Demanou, K, Falk, O C, Guiliche, N, Heinrich, V, Monteiro, A F, Muianga, J, Oludele, F, Mula, F, Mutuku, N, Amade, P, Alho, E, Betsem, Z, Chimbuinhe, A J, Cristovam, G, Galano, A, Gessain, E, Harris, M, Heise, F, Inalda, I, Jala, E, Jaszi, C, King, U, Kitron, B M, Kümmerer, A D, LaBeaud, N, Lagerqvist, G, Malai, M, Mazelier, S, Mendes, D, Mukoko, B, Ndenga, R, Njouom, G, Pinto, A, Tivane, D M, Vu, J, Vulule, Instituto Nacional de Saude [Maputo, Mozambique] (INS), Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Technical University of Mombasa, Université de Yaoundé I, Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes (EPVO (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_3)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pemba Provincial Hospital, Direccao Provincial de Maputo, University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Khon Kaen University [Thailand] (KKU), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Atlanta] (CDC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Case Western Reserve University [Cleveland], Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Stanford School of Medicine [Stanford], Stanford Medicine, Stanford University-Stanford University, Polana Caniço General Hospital Mozambique, Nampula Central Hospital, and Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)

Subjects
MESH: Humans, MESH: Seroepidemiologic Studies, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Arbovirus Infections, Seroprevalence of emerging viruses in Africa, MESH: Africa, Antibodies, Viral, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Prospective studies of emerging virus transmission in Africa, MESH: Arboviruses, Africa, MESH: Arbovirus Infections, Animals, Humans, Molecular surveillance of emerging viruses in Africa, Differential diagnosis, MESH: Animals, Virology in Africa, Arboviruses, MESH: Antibodies, Viral
Abstract

International audience; The literature on sero-epidemiological studies of flaviviral infections in the African continent is quite scarce. Much of the viral epidemiology studies have been focussing on diseases such as HIV/AIDS because of their sheer magnitude and impact on the lives of people in the various affected countries. Increasingly disease outbreaks caused by arboviruses such as the recent cases of chikungunya virus, dengue virus and yellow fever virus have prompted renewed interest in studying these viruses. International agencies from the US, several EU nations and China are starting to build collaborations to build capacity in many African countries together with established institutions to conduct these studies. The Tofo Advanced Study Week (TASW) was established to bring the best scientists from the world to the tiny seaside town of Praia do Tofo to rub shoulders with African virologists and discuss cutting-edge science and listen to the work of researchers in the field. In 2015 the 1st TASW focussed on Ebola virus. The collections of abstracts from participants at the 2nd TASW which focused on Dengue and Zika virus as well as presentations on other arboviruses are collated in this chapter.

Published
2018

7. Taking a bite out of nutrition and arbovirus infection

Author

Heidi Auerswald, Erik A. Karlsson, James Weger-Lucarelli, Marco Vignuzzi, Phillipe Dussart, Populations virales et Pathogenèse - Viral Populations and Pathogenesis, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Virologie / Virology Unit [Phnom Penh], Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Heidi Auerswald is supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Calmette and Yersin Programme of the Institut Pasteur Department of International Affairs., and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
RNA viruses, 0301 basic medicine, Viral Diseases, Physiology, Review, Disease Vectors, Dengue virus, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, medicine.disease_cause, Mosquitoes, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Arboviruses, Pandemic, Medicine and Health Sciences, MESH: Animals, Vector (molecular biology), 2. Zero hunger, Transmission (medicine), lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Eukaryota, MESH: Nutritional Status, 3. Good health, Insects, Vaccination, Infectious Diseases, Physiological Parameters, Arboviral Infections, Medical Microbiology, Viral Pathogens, Viral evolution, Viruses, Host-Pathogen Interactions, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, MESH: Arbovirus Infections, Pathogens, West Nile virus, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Arthropoda, lcsh:RC955-962, 030231 tropical medicine, Nutritional Status, MESH: Insect Vectors, Arbovirus Infections, Biology, Microbiology, Arbovirus, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Animals, Humans, Obesity, Microbial Pathogens, Nutrition, MESH: Humans, Flaviviruses, Malnutrition, Body Weight, MESH: Host-Pathogen Interactions, Organisms, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Biology and Life Sciences, lcsh:RA1-1270, Dengue Virus, medicine.disease, Invertebrates, Insect Vectors, Species Interactions, Culicidae, 030104 developmental biology, Immunology, MESH: Culicidae, Arboviruses
Abstract

Nutrition is a key factor in host–pathogen defense. Malnutrition can increase both host susceptibility and severity of infection through a number of pathways, and infection itself can promote nutritional deterioration and further susceptibility. Nutritional status can also strongly influence response to vaccination or therapeutic pharmaceuticals. Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) have a long history of infecting humans, resulting in regular pandemics as well as an increasing frequency of autochthonous transmission. Interestingly, aside from host-related factors, nutrition could also play a role in the competence of vectors required for transmission of these viruses. Nutritional status of the host and vector could even influence viral evolution itself. Therefore, it is vital to understand the role of nutrition in the arbovirus lifecycle. This Review will focus on nutritional factors that could influence susceptibility and severity of infection in the host, response to prophylactic and therapeutic strategies, vector competence, and viral evolution., Author summary As the old adage goes, you are what you eat. Proper nutrition is a cornerstone of health, and malnutrition can seriously impair the function of the immune system, resulting in increased infections or a more severe disease. Imbalanced or inadequate nutrition can also affect responses to vaccines or drugs that are vital for protection and treatment against viruses. A mosquito is also a product of what it eats. Nutrition during development and adult lifecycle can affect the feeding behavior of mosquitoes, thereby affecting transmission of viral diseases. Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are a major global health concern, especially in areas impacted by malnutrition. Understanding how nutrition can affect both humans and mosquitoes in the context of these viruses is vital to combating these diseases.

Published
2018

8. Mosquitoes as vectors of arboviruses: an endless story

Author

Failloux, Anna-Bella, Arbovirus et Insectes Vecteurs - Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Les travaux sur Zika ont reçu un financement de l’Union Européenne (H2020, ZIKAlliance grant agreement no. 734548)., European Project: 734548,ZIKAlliance(2016), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)

Subjects
global changes, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], changements globaux, Mosquito Vectors, Arbovirus Infections, Disease Vectors, MESH: Disease Vectors, Communicable Diseases, Emerging, émergence, Aedes, vector-borne diseases, MESH: Arboviruses, Animals, Humans, emergence, MESH: Animals, MESH: Communicable Diseases, Emerging, Bites and Stings, Epidemics, MESH: Epidemics, mosquitoes, moustiques, MESH: Humans, MESH: Aedes, MESH: Bites and Stings, Culicidae, arbovirus, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, maladies à transmission vectorielle, MESH: Arbovirus Infections, MESH: Mosquito Vectors, MESH: Culicidae, Arboviruses
Abstract

International audience; The recent emergence or re-emergence of vector-borne diseases (VBD) and, more specifically, VBD associated with arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya, Zika or yellow fever are not new events. The globalization of trade and travels as well as the unplanned urbanization of many tropical and subtropical cities have created the conditions suitable for the establishment of vector mosquitoes offering opportunities for arbovirus introduction. This review describes the major arboviruses important for human health and their epidemic vectors, and the conditions leading to their emergence.; L’émergence ou la ré-émergence récente des maladies à transmission vectorielle et plus précisément, celle associée aux arbovirus tels que la dengue, le chikungunya, le Zika ou encore la fièvre jaune ne sont pas des phénomènes nouveaux. Aujourd’hui, la mondialisation des échanges commerciaux, des déplacements des voyageurs ainsi que l’urbanisation anarchique de nombreuses villes tropicales et subtropicales créent les conditions propices à l’installation durable des moustiques vecteurs et par conséquent, à l’introduction des arbovirus. Cette revue décrit les principaux arbovirus importants en santé humaine et leurs vecteurs épidémiques, ainsi que les conditions facilitant leur émergence.

Published
2018

9. Genome sequence of Aedes aegypti, a major arbovirus vector

Author

Sergio Verjovski-Almeida, James E. Galagan, Ryan C. Kennedy, Zhiyong Xi, Jason R. Miller, Eric Eisenstadt, Kyanne R. Reidenbach, Robert V. Bruggner, Yu-Hui Rogers, Hadi Quesneville, Doreen Werner, Owen White, Alexander S. Raikhel, Mario Stanke, J. Spencer Johnston, Diane D. Lovin, Evgenia V. Kriventseva, Ian T. Paulsen, Kathryn S. Campbell, Norman H. Lee, Ewan Birney, Karyn Megy, Hean Koo, David Kulp, Shelby L. Bidwell, Jingsong Zhu, Philip Montgomery, Paolo Amedeo, Yongmei Zhao, Chinnappa D. Kodira, Javier Costas, Michael C. Schatz, Steven P. Sinkins, Claire M. Fraser-Liggett, Martin Shumway, Kurt LaButti, Akio Mori, Brendan J. Loftus, Manfred Grabherr, Eric O. Stinson, Frank H. Collins, Zhijian Jake Tu, Monique R. Coy, Matt Crawford, Janice P. Vanzee, William M. Gelbart, Joshua Orvis, Peter Arensburger, Chunhong Mao, Evgeny M. Zdobnov, Saul A. Kravitz, Suely Lopes Gomes, David DeCaprio, David G. Hogenkamp, Daniel Lawson, Dennis L. Knudson, David W. Severson, George Dimopoulos, Marcelo B. Soares, Sinéad B. O'Leary, Peter W. Atkinson, David M. Jaffe, Becky deBruyn, Martin Hammond, Ana L. T. O. Nascimento, Jim Biedler, Stefan Wyder, Jose M. C. Tubio, Bruce W. Birren, Catherine A. Hill, Chad Nusbaum, Eduardo Lee, Song Li, Susan E. Brown, Jennifer R. Wortman, James R. Hogan, Hamza El-Dorry, Qi Zhao, Linda Hannick, Carlos Frederico Martins Menck, Vishvanath Nene, Jonathan Crabtree, Steven L. Salzberg, Michael H. Holmes, Maria de Fatima Bonaldo, Quinghu Ren, Mihaela Pertea, Charles Roth, Evan Mauceli, Karin Eiglmeier, Horacio Naveira, Brian J. Haas, Qiandong Zeng, Neil F. Lobo, Jennifer R. Schneider, The Institute for Genomic Research, The Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville, European Bioinformatics Institute [Hinxton] ( EMBL-EBI ), European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Hinxton], Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard ( BROAD INSTITUTE ), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], University College Dublin [Dublin] ( UCD ), Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University ( JHU ) -Bloomberg School of Public Health, University of Geneva Medical School, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics-University of Geneva Medical School, University of Notre Dame ( UND ), Harvard University [Cambridge], College of Agricultural Sciences Colorado State University, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] ( CSU ) -College of Agricultural Sciences, Northwestern University [Evanston], University of California [Riverside] ( UCR ), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] ( AOPP ), University of Oxford [Oxford], Purdue University [West Lafayette], Centro Nacional de Genotipado Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Centro Nacional de Genotipado-Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica-Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Universidade de Sao Paulo Instituto de Quimica, Universidade de São Paulo ( USP ) -Instituto de Quimica, Texas A&M University [College Station], Joint Technology Center, University of Massachusetts [Amherst] ( UMass Amherst ), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo ( USP ) -Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Instituto Butantan [São Paulo], Universidade da Coruña, University of Maryland [College Park], Institut Jacques Monod ( IJM ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of California [Santa Cruz] ( UCSC ), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Universität Göttingen, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, George Washington University Medical Center, George Washington University ( GW ), The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR), European Bioinformatics Institute [Hinxton] (EMBL-EBI), EMBL Heidelberg, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (BROAD INSTITUTE), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health [Baltimore], Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics [Lausanne] (SIB), Université de Lausanne (UNIL)-Université de Lausanne (UNIL)-University of Geneva Medical School, University of Notre Dame [Indiana] (UND), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU)-College of Agricultural Sciences, University of California [Riverside] (UCR), University of California, Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] (AOPP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP)-Instituto de Quimica, University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Universidade de São Paulo (USP)-Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB/USP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), University of Maryland System, Institut Jacques Monod (IJM (UMR_7592)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], The George Washington University (GW), George Washington University (GW), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL)-Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL)-University of Geneva Medical School, Harvard University, University of California [Riverside] (UC Riverside), University of California (UC), University of Oxford, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP)-Instituto de Quimica, Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP)-Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB/USP), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Zdobnov, Evgeny, and Wyder, Stefan

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Male, Transcription, Genetic, Genome, Insect, transposons, receptors, Genes, Insect, Aedes/ genetics/metabolism, MESH: Genes, Insect, Yellow Fever/prevention & control/transmission, MESH: Base Sequence, 01 natural sciences, Dengue/prevention & control/transmission, MESH: Protein Structure, Tertiary, MESH: Arboviruses, MESH : Insect Vectors, MESH: Insect Proteins, MESH : Anopheles gambiae, MESH: Animals, MESH : Arboviruses, insects, MESH: Yellow Fever, superfamily, ddc:616, 0303 health sciences, Anopheles, MESH : Genes, Insect, 3. Good health, yellow-fever mosquito, anopheles-gambiae, drosophila-melanogaster, expression, evolution, organization, Drosophila melanogaster, MESH: DNA Transposable Elements, [ SDV.BBM.GTP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Multigene Family, Public Health, MESH : Protein Structure, Tertiary, MESH: Sex Characteristics, Molecular Sequence Data, MESH : Multigene Family, MESH: Sex Determination (Genetics), MESH : Sex Determination (Genetics), Arbovirus, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Species Specificity, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], MESH: Anopheles gambiae, Yellow Fever, MESH: Species Specificity, Humans, MESH: Humans, MESH: Molecular Sequence Data, fungi, MESH : Humans, MESH : Sex Characteristics, Membrane Transport Proteins, Sex Determination Processes, medicine.disease, Insect Vectors, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Sex Determination (Genetics), MESH: Multigene Family, MESH: Female, MESH : Sequence Analysis, DNA, MESH: Sequence Analysis, DNA, Drosophila melanogaster/genetics, MESH : Molecular Sequence Data, Odorant binding, Insect Proteins/genetics, Anopheles gambiae, MESH: Dengue, Genome, MESH: Membrane Transport Proteins, Dengue, MESH : Membrane Transport Proteins, Aedes, Insect Vectors/ genetics/metabolism, MESH : Drosophila melanogaster, MESH : Female, Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics, Genetics, MESH : Insect Proteins, Sex Characteristics, Multidisciplinary, MESH: Synteny, MESH: Aedes, MESH : Genome, Insect, MESH : DNA Transposable Elements, Insect Proteins, Female, Orthologous Gene, MESH : Male, MESH : Dengue, Aedes aegypti, MESH: Insect Vectors, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, Synteny, MESH: Drosophila melanogaster, Protein Structure, Tertiary/genetics, MESH : Yellow Fever, parasitic diseases, medicine, MESH : Species Specificity, Animals, 030304 developmental biology, MESH : Aedes, Base Sequence, MESH: Genome, Insect, MESH: Transcription, Genetic, MESH : Synteny, MESH : Transcription, Genetic, Sequence Analysis, DNA, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Male, DNA Transposable Elements, MESH : Base Sequence, MESH : Animals, Arboviruses, Anopheles gambiae/genetics/metabolism
Abstract

We present a draft sequence of the genome of Aedes aegypti , the primary vector for yellow fever and dengue fever, which at ∼1376 million base pairs is about 5 times the size of the genome of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae . Nearly 50% of the Ae. aegypti genome consists of transposable elements. These contribute to a factor of ∼4 to 6 increase in average gene length and in sizes of intergenic regions relative to An. gambiae and Drosophila melanogaster . Nonetheless, chromosomal synteny is generally maintained among all three insects, although conservation of orthologous gene order is higher (by a factor of ∼2) between the mosquito species than between either of them and the fruit fly. An increase in genes encoding odorant binding, cytochrome P450, and cuticle domains relative to An. gambiae suggests that members of these protein families underpin some of the biological differences between the two mosquito species.

Published
2016

10. RNAi and antiviral defense in Drosophila: setting up a systemic immune response

Author

Bertsy Goic, Maria-Carla Saleh, Margot Karlikow, Virus et Interférence ARN - Viruses and RNA Interference, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Supported by the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-09-JCJC-0045-01) and the European Research Council (FP7/2007–2013 ERC 242703) to M.-C.S., We thank V. Mongelli, M. Vignuzzi and R.P. van Rij for critical reading of the manuscript., ANR-09-JCJC-0045,VIA(2009), European Project: 242703,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2009-StG,ANTIVIRALRNAI(2009), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Ribonuclease III, MESH: Clathrin-Coated Vesicles, Cellular homeostasis, [SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, MESH: Argonaute Proteins, MESH: Ribonuclease III, RNA interference, MESH: Arboviruses, Drosophila Proteins, MESH: Animals, Antigens, Viral, Innate immunity, Effector, MESH: RNA Helicases, Clathrin-Coated Vesicles, Endocytosis, Insects, RNA silencing, Drosophila melanogaster, MESH: RNA, Viral, MESH: Endocytosis, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Argonaute Proteins, MESH: Arbovirus Infections, RNA, Viral, Drosophila, MESH: Immunity, Innate, RNA Interference, MESH: Antigens, Viral, RNA Helicases, MESH: Drosophila Proteins, Immunology, MESH: RNA Interference, Biology, Arbovirus Infections, MESH: Drosophila melanogaster, Immune system, MESH: RNA, Double-Stranded, Gene silencing, Animals, Humans, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, RNA, Double-Stranded, Innate immune system, MESH: Humans, fungi, Small RNAs, RNA, Virology, Immunity, Innate, RNAi, Arboviruses, Developmental Biology
Abstract

International audience; RNA interference (RNAi) controls gene expression in eukaryotic cells and thus, cellular homeostasis. In addition, in plants, nematodes and arthropods it is a central antiviral effector mechanism. Antiviral RNAi has been well described as a cell autonomous response, which is triggered by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules. This dsRNA is the precursor for the silencing of viral RNA in a sequence-specific manner. In plants, systemic antiviral immunity has been demonstrated, however much less is known in animals. Recently, some evidence for a systemic antiviral response in arthropods has come to light. Cell autonomous RNAi may not be sufficient to reach an efficient antiviral response, and the organism might rely on the spread and uptake of an RNAi signal of unknown origin. In this review, we offer a perspective on how RNAi-mediated antiviral immunity could confer systemic protection in insects and we propose directions for future research to understand the mechanism of RNAi-immune signal sorting, spreading and amplification.

Published
2013

11. Recent developments in understanding dengue virus replication

Author

Urcuqui-Inchima, Silvio, Patiño, Claudia, Torres, Silvia, Haenni, Anne-Lise, Díaz, Francisco Javier, Grupo de Immunovirologia, Corporacion Biogenesis, Universidad de Antoquia, Institut Jacques Monod (IJM (UMR_7592)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and universidad de antoquia

Subjects
Gene Expression Regulation, Viral, MESH: Humans, Incidence, MESH: Virus Replication, Genome, Viral, MESH: Insect Vectors, Dengue Virus, Virus Replication, MESH: Dengue Virus, Insect Vectors, MESH: Gene Expression Regulation, Viral, MESH: Arboviruses, Animals, Humans, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, MESH: Animals, Severe Dengue, MESH: Incidence, MESH: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, MESH: Genome, Viral, Arboviruses
Abstract

International audience; Dengue is the most important cause of mosquito-borne virus diseases in tropical and subtropical regions in the world. Severe clinical outcomes such as dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome are potentially fatal. The epidemiology of dengue has undergone profound changes in recent years, due to several factors such as expansion of the geographical distribution of the insect vector, increase in traveling, and demographic pressure. As a consequence, the incidence of dengue has increased dramatically. Since mosquito control has not been successful and since no vaccine or antiviral treatment is available, new approaches to this problem are needed. Consequently, an in-depth understanding of the molecular and cellular biology of the virus should be helpful to design efficient strategies for the control of dengue. Here, we review the recently acquired knowledge on the molecular and cell biology of the dengue virus life cycle based on newly developed molecular biology technologies.

Published
2010

12. Emergence and Transmission of Arbovirus Evolutionary Intermediates with Epidemic Potential

Author

Kenneth A. Stapleford, Sreyrath Lay, Veasna Duong, Isabelle Bonne, Camilo Arias-Goeta, Christine Schmitt, Hervé Blanc, Anna-Bella Failloux, Stéphanie Beaucourt, Kathryn Rozen-Gagnon, Lark L. Coffey, Turkan Haliloglu, Ofer Isakov, Noam Shomron, Marco Vignuzzi, Antonio V. Bordería, Philippe Buchy, Nir Ben-Tal, Populations virales et Pathogenèse - Viral Populations and Pathogenesis, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California (UC), Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University (TAU), Arbovirus et Insectes Vecteurs - Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Boǧaziçi üniversitesi = Boğaziçi University [Istanbul], Microscopie ultrastructurale - Ultrapole (CITECH), This work was supported by the European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant No. 242719), by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Grand Challenges Exploration Initiative, the French Government’s Investissement d’Avenir program, Laboratoire d’Excellence 'Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases' (grant ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), and the Israel-France High Council for Science and Technology Research 'Complexity in Biology' program. Salary for L.L.C. and K.A.S. was provided by the Region of Ile-de-France DIM program on Infectious, Parasitic or Nosocomial Emerging Diseases and the Philippe Foundation. Salary for A.V.B. was supported by the French National grant ANR-09-JCJC-0118-1. Salary for C.A.-G. was supported by the French Ministry of Superior Education and Research. N.B.-T. and T.H. were supported by NATO traveling grant CBP.MD.CLG 984340., We are grateful to Ngan Chantha, Huy Rekol, and the team of the National Malaria Centre in Cambodia for providing clinical specimens. We thank Christophe Paupy (IRD), Louis Lambrechts, and Paul Reiter (IP) for providing some mosquito strains., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-09-JCJC-0118,QuasispeciesVax(2009), European Project: 242719,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2009-StG,RNAVIRUSPOPDIVNVAX(2009), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California, Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], Institut Pasteur [Paris], and Boğaziçi University [Istanbul]

Subjects
Cancer Research, Mutation rate, viruses, MESH: Chikungunya Fever, medicine.disease_cause, Virus Replication, Aedes, MESH: Arboviruses, MESH: Animals, MESH: Genetic Variation, Chikungunya, Epidemic strain, Genetics, Mammals, Transmission (medicine), virus diseases, MESH: Aedes, Viral Load, Biological Evolution, 3. Good health, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Host-Pathogen Interactions, MESH: Arbovirus Infections, Female, MESH: Viral Load, Cambodia, Chikungunya virus, MESH: Biological Evolution, MESH: Insect Vectors, Biology, Arbovirus Infections, Microbiology, Arbovirus, MESH: Mammals, Virus, Article, MESH: Mice, Inbred C57BL, Immunology and Microbiology(all), Virology, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, MESH: Saliva, Epidemics, Saliva, Molecular Biology, MESH: Epidemics, MESH: Humans, MESH: Cambodia, MESH: Host-Pathogen Interactions, MESH: Virus Replication, fungi, RNA, Genetic Variation, MESH: Chikungunya virus, medicine.disease, Insect Vectors, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Disease Models, Animal, Population bottleneck, Culicidae, Chikungunya Fever, Parasitology, MESH: Disease Models, Animal, MESH: Culicidae, MESH: Female, Arboviruses
Abstract

Comment in: "Toward an activist agenda for monitoring virus emergence."https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2014.05.014; International audience; The high replication and mutation rates of RNA viruses can result in the emergence of new epidemic variants. Thus, the ability to follow host-specific evolutionary trajectories of viruses is essential to predict and prevent epidemics. By studying the spatial and temporal evolution of chikungunya virus during natural transmission between mosquitoes and mammals, we have identified viral evolutionary intermediates prior to emergence. Analysis of virus populations at anatomical barriers revealed that the mosquito midgut and salivary gland pose population bottlenecks. By focusing on virus subpopulations in the saliva of multiple mosquito strains, we recapit-ulated the emergence of a recent epidemic strain of chikungunya and identified E1 glycoprotein mutations with potential to emerge in the future. These mutations confer fitness advantages in mosquito and mammalian hosts by altering virion stability and fusogenic activity. Thus, virus evolutionary tra-jectories can be predicted and studied in the short term before new variants displace currently circulating strains.

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