Descriptor: "MESH: Brain Mapping" / Topic: humans - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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213 results on '"MESH: Brain Mapping"'

1. The impact of early musical training on striatal functional connectivity

Author: Eckart Altenmüller, Bahram Mohammadi, F. T. van Vugt, Karl Hartmann, Daniel S. Margulies, Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians’ Medicine, Emmichplatz 1, 30175 Hannover, Germany, CNS-LAB, International Neuroscience Institute (INI), Rudolf-Pichlmayr-Str., 4, 30625 Hannover, Germany, and CNRS UMR 8002, Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, University of Paris, Paris, France
Subjects: Male, Musical, MESH: Corpus Striatum, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Functional connectivity, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Neuronal Plasticity, MESH: Brain Mapping, Brain Mapping, MESH: Music, Neuronal Plasticity, 05 social sciences, Age Factors, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neurology, MESH: Young Adult, Female, Psychology, Cognitive psychology, RC321-571, Adult, Musical training, Cognitive Neuroscience, education, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Sensorimotor learning, Training (civil), 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Sensitive periods, Neuroplasticity, Humans, Learning, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, MESH: Age Factors, MESH: Humans, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, MESH: Adult, Corpus Striatum, MESH: Male, MESH: Nerve Net, MESH: Learning, Nerve Net, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Music
Abstract: International audience; Evidence from language, visual and sensorimotor learning suggests that training early in life is more effective. The present work explores the hypothesis that learning during sensitive periods involves distinct brain networks in addition to those involved when learning later in life. Expert pianists were tested who started their musical training early (
Published: 2021
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2. Disrupting self-evaluative processing with electrostimulation mapping during awake brain surgery

Author: Anne-Laure Lemaitre, Hugues Duffau, Sylvie Moritz-Gasser, Sam Ng, Guillaume Herbet, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier (INM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Psychologie : Interactions, Temps, Emotions, Cognition (PSITEC) - ULR 4072 (PSITEC), and Université de Lille
Subjects: Male, Self-Assessment, Neurosurgical Procedures, Task (project management), MESH: Glioma, 0302 clinical medicine, Neural Pathways, Medicine, Awake surgery, MESH: Brain Mapping, Brain Mapping, MESH: Middle Aged, Multidisciplinary, Brain Neoplasms, 05 social sciences, MESH: Electric Stimulation, Cognition, MESH: Follow-Up Studies, Glioma, Middle Aged, Prognosis, MESH: Diagnostic Self Evaluation, MESH: Young Adult, Surgical oncology, MESH: Brain Neoplasms, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Female, Tractography, Adult, Elementary cognitive task, medicine.medical_specialty, Dissociation (neuropsychology), Science, Brain tumor, MESH: Self-Assessment, Neural circuits, MESH: Prognosis, 050105 experimental psychology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Diagnostic Self Evaluation, Young Adult, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Wakefulness, Retrospective Studies, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Neural Pathways, MESH: Adult, MESH: Neurosurgical Procedures, MESH: Retrospective Studies, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, Electric Stimulation, MESH: Wakefulness, Tumor removal, business, MESH: Female, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Brain awake surgery with cognitive monitoring for tumor removal has become a standard of treatment for functional purpose. Yet, little attention has been given to patients’ interpretation and awareness of their own responses to selected cognitive tasks during direct electrostimulation (DES). We aim to report disruptions of self-evaluative processing evoked by DES during awake surgery. We further investigate cortico-subcortical structures involved in self-assessment process and report the use of an intraoperative self-assessment tool, the self-confidence index (SCI). Seventy-two patients who had undergone awake brain tumor resections were selected. Inclusion criteria were the occurrence of a DES-induced disruption of an ongoing task followed by patient’s failure to remember or criticize these impairments, or a dissociation between patient’s responses to an ongoing task and patient’s SCI. Disruptions of self-evaluation were frequently associated with semantic disorders and critical sites were mostly found along the left/right ventral semantic streams. Disconnectome analyses generated from a tractography-based atlas confirmed the high probability of the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus to be transitory ‘disconnected’. These findings suggest that white matters pathways belonging to the ventral semantic stream may be critically involved in human self-evaluative processing. Finally, the authors discuss the implementation of the SCI task during multimodal intraoperative monitoring.
Published: 2021
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3. HyPyP: a Hyperscanning Python Pipeline for inter-brain connectivity analysis

Author: Yann Beauxis, Phoebe Chen, Florence Brun, Amir Djalovski, Anaël Ayrolles, Richard Delorme, Thomas Bourgeron, Suzanne Dikker, Guillaume Dumas, Clinical Psychology, Département de Neuroscience - Department of Neuroscience, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service psychiatrique de l'enfant et de l'adolescent [CHU Hôpital Robert Debré], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Robert Debré, New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU), Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya (IDC), Bar-Ilan University [Israël], Free University of Amsterdam, Florida Atlantic University [Boca Raton], Université de Montréal (UdeM), CHU Sainte Justine [Montréal], This project is supported by the Institut Pasteur, INSERM, FondaMental Foundation, Ecole Normale Supérieure from Lyon, APHP, DHU Protect, Bettencourt-Schueller Foundation, Cognacq Jay Foundation, Conny-Maeva Foundation, Fondation de France, Labex BioPsy, a grant from Pierre Deniker Foundation, a grant from Congrès Français de Psychiatrie CFP-BM-2019-03, National Science Foundation Award #1661016, Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research Award #406.18.GO.024. GD is funded by the Institute for Data Valorization (IVADO), Montreal, and the Fonds de recherche du Québec (FRQ)., and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Brain activity and meditation, inter-brain connectivity, AcademicSubjects/SCI01880, Cognitive Neuroscience, Social Interaction, Original Manuscript, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Social stimuli, 050105 experimental psychology, MESH: Brain, bepress|Life Sciences|Neuroscience and Neurobiology, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 17 - Partnerships for the Goals, 0302 clinical medicine, Social neuroscience, non-parametric statistics, MESH: Electroencephalography, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, bepress|Life Sciences|Neuroscience and Neurobiology|Cognitive Neuroscience, hyperscanning, MESH: Social Interaction, MESH: Brain Mapping, computer.programming_language, Brain Mapping, MESH: Humans, Field (Bourdieu), [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, Brain, analysis pipeline, Electroencephalography, General Medicine, Python (programming language), MESH: Interpersonal Relations, Data science, Popularity, Pipeline (software), Social relation, python, PsyArXiv|Neuroscience|Cognitive Neuroscience, PsyArXiv|Neuroscience, Psychology, computer, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: The bulk of social neuroscience takes a ‘stimulus-brain’ approach, typically comparing brain responses to different types of social stimuli, but most of the time in the absence of direct social interaction. Over the last two decades, a growing number of researchers have adopted a ‘brain-to-brain’ approach, exploring similarities between brain patterns across participants as a novel way to gain insight into the social brain. This methodological shift has facilitated the introduction of naturalistic social stimuli into the study design (e.g. movies) and, crucially, has spurred the development of new tools to directly study social interaction, both in controlled experimental settings and in more ecologically valid environments. Specifically, ‘hyperscanning’ setups, which allow the simultaneous recording of brain activity from two or more individuals during social tasks, has gained popularity in recent years. However, currently, there is no agreed-upon approach to carry out such ‘inter-brain connectivity analysis’, resulting in a scattered landscape of analysis techniques. To accommodate a growing demand to standardize analysis approaches in this fast-growing research field, we have developed Hyperscanning Python Pipeline, a comprehensive and easy open-source software package that allows (social) neuroscientists to carry-out and to interpret inter-brain connectivity analyses.
Published: 2020
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4. Mapping critical cortical hubs and white matter pathways by direct electrical stimulation: an original functional atlas of the human brain

Author: Sylvie Moritz-Gasser, Hugues Duffau, Guillaume Herbet, Matthew C. Tate, Stefano Merler, Silvio Sarubbo, Alessandro De Benedictis, Division of Neurosurgery, Structural and Functional Connectivity Lab Project, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University [Evanston], Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital [Rome, Italy], NeuroInformatics Laboratory of Bruno Kessler Foundation (NILab), Università degli Studi di Trento (UNITN), Neurochirurgie [Hôpital Gui de Chauliac], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Hôpital Gui de Chauliac [Montpellier], Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier (INM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Salvy-Córdoba, Nathalie, and Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier - Déficits sensoriels et moteurs (INM)
Subjects: [SDV.MHEP.CHI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Surgery, Computer science, [INFO.INFO-IM] Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Brain mapping, Neurosurgical Procedures, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 0302 clinical medicine, Neural Pathways, MESH: Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Brain Mapping, medicine.diagnostic_test, 05 social sciences, MESH: Electric Stimulation, Cognition, Neuropsychological test, Human brain, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, White Matter, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Preoperative Period, Nerve tract, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Neuropsychological testing, Atlas, Adult, Cognitive Neuroscience, MESH: Atlases as Topic, Direct electrical stimulation, Subcortical, MESH: Preoperative Period, [SDV.MHEP.CHI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Surgery, 050105 experimental psychology, Article, lcsh:RC321-571, White matter, 03 medical and health sciences, Atlases as Topic, Neuroimaging, medicine, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, MESH: Humans, MESH: Neural Pathways, MESH: Adult, MESH: Neurosurgical Procedures, Neurophysiology, MESH: Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Brain functions, MESH: White Matter, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Objective The structural and functional organization of brain networks subserving basic daily activities (i.e. language, visuo-spatial cognition, movement, semantics, etc.) are not completely understood to date. Here, we report the first probabilistic cortical and subcortical atlas of critical structures mediating human brain functions based on direct electrical stimulation (DES), a well-validated tool for the exploration of cerebral processing and for performing safe surgical interventions in eloquent areas. Methods We collected 1162 cortical and 659 subcortical DES responses during testing of 16 functional domains in 256 patients undergoing awake surgery. Spatial coordinates for each functional response were calculated, and probability distributions for the entire patient cohort were mapped onto a standardized three-dimensional brain template using a multinomial statistical analysis. In addition, matching analyses were performed against prior established anatomy-based cortical and white matter (WM) atlases. Results The probabilistic maps for each functional domain were provided. The topographical analysis demonstrated a wide spatial distribution of cortical functional responses, while subcortical responses were more restricted, localizing to known WM pathways. These DES-derived data showed reliable matching with existing cortical and WM atlases as well as recent neuroimaging and neurophysiological data. Conclusions We present the first integrated and comprehensive cortical-subcortical atlas of structures essential for humans’ neural functions based on highly-specific DES mapping during real-time neuropsychological testing. This novel atlas can serve as a complementary tool for neuroscientists, along with data obtained from other modalities, to improve and refine our understanding of the functional anatomy of critical brain networks.
Published: 2019
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5. Experiences of awake surgery in non-tumoural epilepsy in eloquent localizations

Author: Hugues Duffau, Peter Milos, Patrick Vigren, Anna Wretman, Hans Lindehammar, Martin Eriksson, Helena Gauffin, Thomas Karlsson, Johan Richter, Linköping university hospital, Linköping University (LIU), Service de Neurochirurgie [Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-CHU Gui de Chauliac [Montpellier], Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier - Déficits sensoriels et moteurs (INM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Herrada, Anthony, and Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier (INM)
Subjects: Drug Resistant Epilepsy, Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring, [SDV.MHEP.CHI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Surgery, Neurologi, Neurosurgical Procedures, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, Eloquent cortex, Seizure control, Epilepsy surgery, Awake surgery, MESH: Brain Mapping, Brain Mapping, MESH: Drug Resistant Epilepsy, Electroencephalography, General Medicine, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Awake craniotomy, Neurology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Craniotomy, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Craniotomy, [SDV.MHEP.CHI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Surgery, 03 medical and health sciences, Hodotopy, Neurocognitive intraoperative examination, MESH: Electroencephalography, medicine, Humans, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Wakefulness, MESH: Humans, business.industry, General surgery, MESH: Adult, MESH: Neurosurgical Procedures, medicine.disease, MESH: Wakefulness, MESH: Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring, Surgery, Neurology (clinical), business, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Background: Whilst modern awake intraoperative mapping has been widely accepted and implemented in the last decades in neuro-oncology, sparse reports have been published on the safety and efficiency of this approach in epilepsy surgery.Method: This article reports four cases with different locations of epileptogenic zones as examples of possible safe and efficient resections.Result: The results of the resections on seizure control were Engel 1 (no disabling seizures) in all cases and no patient experienced significant neurological deficits.Discussion: The discussion focuses on aspects of the future of epilepsy surgery in a hodotopical paradigm.
Published: 2020
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6. The SONATA data format for efficient description of large-scale network models

Author: Salvador Dura-Bernal, Jean-Denis Courcol, Arseny V. Povolotsky, Michael Gevaert, Sergey L. Gratiy, Padraig Gleeson, James G. King, Anton Arkhipov, Adrien Devresse, Eilif Muller, Werner Van Geit, Benjamin Dichter, Juan Hernando, Judit Planas, Yazan N. Billeh, Kael Dai, Andrew P. Davison, Allen Institute for Brain Science [Seattle, WA, USA], Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (NeuroPSI), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SUNY Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York (SUNY), Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (NKI), New York State Office of Mental Health, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College of London [London] (UCL), Department of Neurosurgery [Stanford], Stanford Medicine, Stanford University-Stanford University, and Biological Systems and Engineering
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Databases, Factual, Physiology, Computer science, network models, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Distributed computing, MESH: Neurons, Nervous System, 0302 clinical medicine, Animal Cells, Medicine and Health Sciences, Biology (General), MESH: Brain Mapping, Network model, Neurons, Brain Mapping, 0303 health sciences, Computational model, Neuronal Morphology, [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior, Ecology, Application programming interface, Simulation and Modeling, Physics, Brain, [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, Electrophysiology, MESH: Reproducibility of Results, Computational Theory and Mathematics, Modeling and Simulation, Physical Sciences, Scalability, MESH: Programming Languages, Cellular Types, Anatomy, Model building, Network Analysis, Algorithms, Research Article, MESH: Computational Biology, Network analysis, Computer and Information Sciences, Biophysical Simulations, Neural Networks, QH301-705.5, Models, Neurological, Biophysics, Neurophysiology, MESH: Algorithms, Research and Analysis Methods, MESH: Brain, MESH: Software, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, MESH: Computer Simulation, MESH: Models, Neurological, Genetics, Humans, Computer Simulation, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, data format, 030304 developmental biology, Flexibility (engineering), MESH: Humans, Scale (chemistry), Neurosciences, Biology and Life Sciences, Computational Biology, Reproducibility of Results, Cell Biology, MESH: Neurosciences, MESH: Databases, Factual, Visualization, SONATA, 030104 developmental biology, Cellular Neuroscience, Synapses, Open network architecture, Programming Languages, Software, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Neuroscience
Abstract: Increasing availability of comprehensive experimental datasets and of high-performance computing resources are driving rapid growth in scale, complexity, and biological realism of computational models in neuroscience. To support construction and simulation, as well as sharing of such large-scale models, a broadly applicable, flexible, and high-performance data format is necessary. To address this need, we have developed the Scalable Open Network Architecture TemplAte (SONATA) data format. It is designed for memory and computational efficiency and works across multiple platforms. The format represents neuronal circuits and simulation inputs and outputs via standardized files and provides much flexibility for adding new conventions or extensions. SONATA is used in multiple modeling and visualization tools, and we also provide reference Application Programming Interfaces and model examples to catalyze further adoption. SONATA format is free and open for the community to use and build upon with the goal of enabling efficient model building, sharing, and reproducibility., Author summary Neuroscience is experiencing a rapid growth of data streams characterizing composition, connectivity, and activity of brain networks in ever increasing details. Data-driven modeling will be essential to integrate these multimodal and complex data into predictive simulations to advance our understanding of brain function and mechanisms. To enable efficient development and sharing of such large-scale models utilizing diverse data types, we have developed the Scalable Open Network Architecture TemplAte (SONATA) data format. The format represents neuronal circuits and simulation inputs and outputs via standardized files and provides much flexibility for adding new conventions or extensions. SONATA is already supported by several popular tools for model building, simulations, and visualization. It is free and open for everyone to use and build upon and will enable increased efficiency, reproducibility, and scientific exchange in the community.
Published: 2020
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7. Genetic and Environmental Influences on the Visual Word Form and Fusiform Face Areas

Author: Stanislas Dehaene, Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz, Fabien Fauchereau, Thomas Bourgeron, Eric Artiges, Cyril Poupon, Denis Le Bihan, Philippe Pinel, Christophe Lalanne, Neuroimagerie cognitive - Psychologie cognitive expérimentale (UNICOG-U992), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Chaire Psychologie cognitive expérimentale, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Recherche Clinique ville-hôpital, Méthodologies et Société (REMES), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Trouble du comportement alimentaire de l'adolescent, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Gènes, Synapses et Cognition (CNRS - UMR3571 ), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fondation FondaMental [Créteil], Génétique humaine et fonctions cognitives - Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions (GHFC (UMR_3571 / U-Pasteur_1)), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Neuroimagerie en psychiatrie (U1000), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), This work was supported by Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) and the James S. McDonnell Foundation., Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Collège de France - Chaire Psychologie cognitive expérimentale, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Neuroimagerie cognitive ( UNICOG-U992 ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ), Collège de France ( CDF ), Collège de France ( CdF ), Recherche Clinique ville-hôpital, Méthodologies et Société ( REMES ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ), Gènes, Synapses et Cognition, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Génétique humaine et Fonctions cognitives - Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Service NEUROSPIN ( NEUROSPIN ), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) ( DRF (CEA) ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, Neuroimagerie en psychiatrie ( U1000 ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Neuroimagerie cognitive (UNICOG-U992), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Collège de France (CDF), Collège de France (CdF), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)
Subjects: Male, MESH : Oxygen, MESH : Brain Mapping, [ SDV.MHEP.PSM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Statistics as Topic, MESH : Statistics as Topic, temporal, MESH : Photic Stimulation, Functional Laterality, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, [SCCO]Cognitive science, 0302 clinical medicine, Face perception, Stress (linguistics), Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Twins, Dizygotic, Visual word form area, 10. No inequality, MESH: Brain Mapping, Language, Brain Mapping, medicine.diagnostic_test, 05 social sciences, MESH: Gene-Environment Interaction, MESH : Adult, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Temporal Lobe, MESH : Twins, Monozygotic, MESH: Photic Stimulation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, MESH: Young Adult, MESH: Language, Visual Perception, [ SCCO ] Cognitive science, MESH: Twins, Monozygotic, Psychology, MESH : Visual Perception, MESH : Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, MESH: Oxygen, VWFA, Cognitive psychology, Adult, MESH : Twins, Dizygotic, MESH : Male, Cognitive Neuroscience, MESH : Young Adult, MESH: Pattern Recognition, Visual, 050105 experimental psychology, Lateralization of brain function, Temporal lobe, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, MESH : Language, reading, MESH : Magnetic Resonance Imaging, [ SDV.MHEP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, medicine, Humans, MESH: Temporal Lobe, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, MESH: Functional Laterality, MESH : Functional Laterality, MESH : Pattern Recognition, Visual, MESH : Temporal Lobe, MESH: Statistics as Topic, MESH: Humans, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Visual Perception, MESH: Twins, Dizygotic, MESH : Humans, MESH: Adult, Twins, Monozygotic, Fusiform face area, MESH: Male, MESH : Gene-Environment Interaction, Oxygen, [SDV.MHEP.PSM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, Gene-Environment Interaction, genetic, FFA, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Photic Stimulation, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Spoken language
Abstract: International audience; Two areas of the occipitotemporal cortex show a remarkable hemispheric lateralization: written words activate the visual word form area (VWFA) in the left fusiform gyrus and faces activate a symmetrical site in the right hemisphere, the fusiform face area (FFA). While the lateralization of the VWFA fits with the leftward asymmetry of the speech processing network, origin of the rightward asymmetry for faces is still unclear. Using fMRI data from 64 subjects (including 16 monozygotic (MZ) and 13 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs), we investigated how activations evoked by written words, faces, and spoken language are co-lateralized in the temporal lobe, and whether this organization reflects genetic factors or individual reading expertise. We found that the lateralization of the left superior temporal activation for spoken language correlates with the lateralization of occipitotemporal activations for both written words and faces. Behavioral reading scores also modulate the responses to words and faces. Estimation of genetic and environmental contributions shows that activations of the VWFA, the occipital face area, and the temporal speech areas are partially under genetic control whereas activation of the FFA is primarily influenced by individual experience. Our results stress the importance of both genetic factors and acquired expertise in the occipitotemporal organization.
Published: 2014
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8. Dynamic Causal Modeling of Spatiotemporal Integration of Phonological and Semantic Processes: An Electroencephalographic Study

Author: Monica Baciu, Marcela Perrone-Bertolotti, Gaëtan Yvert, Olivier David, INSERM U836, équipe 11, Fonctions cérébrales et neuromodulation, Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition (LPNC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Clinique de Neuroradiologie et Unité IRM, CHU Grenoble-CHU Grenoble, and Région Rhône-Alpes
Subjects: Male, Electroencephalography, Brain mapping, MESH: Semantics, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 0302 clinical medicine, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Temporal dynamics of music and language, Semantic memory, Evoked Potentials, MESH: Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Brain Mapping, medicine.diagnostic_test, General Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Semantics, MESH: Nonlinear Dynamics, MESH: Evoked Potentials, MESH: Photic Stimulation, medicine.anatomical_structure, MESH: Young Adult, Cerebral cortex, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Psychology, Cognitive psychology, Adult, MESH: Phonetics, Models, Neurological, Inferior frontal gyrus, Article, 050105 experimental psychology, Temporal lobe, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Phonetics, MESH: Models, Neurological, MESH: Electroencephalography, Reaction Time, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, MESH: Humans, MESH: Adult, MESH: Cerebral Cortex, MESH: Male, MESH: Reaction Time, Nonlinear Dynamics, MESH: Female, Neuroscience, Photic Stimulation, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Integration of phonological and lexicosemantic processes is essential for visual word recognition. Here we used dynamic causal modeling of event-related potentials, combined with group source reconstruction, to estimate how those processes translate into context-dependent modulation of effective connectivity within the temporal-frontal language network. Fifteen healthy human subjects performed a phoneme detection task in pseudo-words and a semantic categorization task in words. Cortical current densities revealed the sequential activation of temporal regions, from the occipital-temporal junction toward the anterior temporal lobe, before reaching the inferior frontal gyrus. A difference of activation between phonology and semantics was identified in the anterior temporal lobe within the 240-300 ms peristimulus time window. Dynamic causal modeling indicated this increase of activation of the anterior temporal lobe in the semantic condition as a consequence of an increase of forward connectivity from the posterior inferior temporal lobe to the anterior temporal lobe. In addition, fast activation of the inferior frontal region, which allowed a feedback control of frontal regions on the superior temporal and posterior inferior temporal cortices, was found to be likely. Our results precisely describe spatiotemporal network mechanisms occurring during integration of phonological and semantic processes. In particular, they support the hypothesis of multiple pathways within the temporal lobe for language processing, where frontal regions would exert a top-down control on temporal regions in the recruitment of the anterior temporal lobe for semantic processing.
Published: 2012
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9. MRI atlas of the human hypothalamus

Author: Didier Dewailly, Serge Blond, Eglantine Balland, Vincent Prevot, Pierre Besson, Patrice Jissendi, Jean Paul Francke, J.-P. Pruvo, Marc Baroncini, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer - U1172 Inserm - U837 (JPArc), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-Université de Lille, Service de neurochirurgie, Hôpital Roger Salengro [Lille]-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Service de neuroradiologie [Lille], Hôpital Roger Salengro [Lille]-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Laboratoire d'anatomie, Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Service d'endocrinologie, gynécologie et médecine de la reproduction, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer - U837 (JPArc), Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, and Prevot, Vincent
Subjects: Male, human hypothalamus, anatomy, Cognitive Neuroscience, Hypothalamus, MESH: Atlases as Topic, Anterior commissure, Biology, Brain mapping, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, coronal plane, White matter, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Atlases as Topic, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Anatomy, Artistic, MESH: Brain Mapping, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, Brain Mapping, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Humans, medicine.diagnostic_test, Fornix, Magnetic resonance imaging, Anatomy, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Hypothalamus, MESH: Anatomy, Artistic, MESH: Male, 3. Good health, medicine.anatomical_structure, Ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, Neurology, MESH: Young Adult, Coronal plane, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH: Female, Neuroscience, Nucleus, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, MRI
Abstract: International audience; Gaining new insights into the anatomy of the human hypothalamus is crucial for the development of new treatment strategies involving functional stereotactic neurosurgery. Here, using anatomical comparisons between histology and magnetic resonance images of the human hypothalamus in the coronal plane, we show that discrete gray and white hypothalamic structures are consistently identifiable by MRI. Macroscopic and microscopic images were used to precisely annotate the MRI sequences realized in the coronal plane in twenty healthy volunteers. MRI was performed on a 1.5 T scanner, using a protocol including T1-weighted 3D fast field echo, T1-weighted inversion-recovery, turbo spin echo and T2-weighted 2D fast field echo imaging. For each gray matter structure as well as for white matter bundles, the different MRI sequences were analyzed in comparison to each other. The anterior commissure and the fornix were often identifiable, while the mammillothalamic tract was more difficult to spot. Qualitative analyses showed that MRI could also highlight finer structures such as the paraventricular nucleus, the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus and the infundibular (arcuate) nucleus, brain nuclei that play key roles in the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis. The posterior hypothalamic area, a target for deep brain stimulation in the treatment of cluster headaches, was readily identified, as was the lateral hypothalamic area, which similar to the aforementioned hypothalamic nuclei, could be a putative target for deep brain stimulation in the treatment of obesity. Finally, each of the identified structures was mapped to Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space.
Published: 2012
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10. Computational Modeling of Epileptic Activity: From Cortical Sources to EEG Signals

Author: D. Cosandier-Rimele, Isabelle Merlet, Jean-Michel Badier, Fabrice Wendling, Fabrice Bartolomei, Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image (LTSI), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Epilepsies, Lesions Cerebrales et Systemes Neuraux de la Cognition, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Physiology, Computer science, Cortical source, MESH: Neurons, Action Potentials, Context (language use), Electroencephalography, MESH: Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, EEG-fMRI, Brain mapping, Synchronization, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Computer Simulation, Physiology (medical), MESH: Electroencephalography, medicine, Humans, Premovement neuronal activity, Computer Simulation, MESH: Action Potentials, MESH: Brain Mapping, 030304 developmental biology, Cerebral Cortex, Neurons, Brain Mapping, 0303 health sciences, Signal processing, MESH: Humans, Epilepsy, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Computational model, Intracerebral EEG, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Pattern recognition, Scalp EEG, Forward problem, Scalp eeg, MESH: Cerebral Cortex, Neurology, MESH: Epilepsy, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Neurology (clinical), Artificial intelligence, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; In epileptic patients candidate to surgery, the interpretation of EEG signals recorded either within (depth EEG) or at the surface (scalp EEG) of the head is a crucial issue to determine epileptogenic brain regions and to define subsequent surgical strategy. This task remains difficult as there is no simple relationship between the spatiotemporal features of neuronal generators (convoluted cortical dipole layers) and the electric field potentials recorded by the electrodes. Indeed, this relationship depends on the complex interaction of several factors regarding involved cortical sources: location, area, geometry, and synchronization of neuronal activity. A computational model is proposed to address this issue. It relies on a neurophysiologically relevant model of EEG signals, which combines an accurate description of both the intracerebral sources of activity and the transfer function between dipole layers and recorded field potentials. The model is used, on the one hand, to quantitatively study the influence of source-related parameters on the properties of simulated signals, and on the other hand, to jointly analyze depth EEG and scalp EEG signals. In this article, the authors review some of the results obtained from the model with respect to the literature on the interpretation of EEG signals in the context of epilepsy.
Published: 2010
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11. Longitudinal brain metabolic changes from amnestic mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease

Author: Marine Fouquet, Fausto Viader, Francis Eustache, Brigitte Landeau, Florence Mézenge, Gaël Chételat, Jean-Claude Baron, V. de la Sayette, Edouard Duchesnay, B. Desgranges, Neuropsychologie cognitive et neuroanatomie fonctionnelles de la mémoire humaine, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie Assistée par Ordinateur (LNAO), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l'Apprentissage (CeRCA), Université de Poitiers-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Clinical Neurosciences [Cambridge], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours-Université de Poitiers, Eustache, Francis, and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
Subjects: Male, Cingulate cortex, Precuneus, Disease, Neuropsychological Tests, Audiology, Brain mapping, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Cognitive decline, Cognitive impairment, 10. No inequality, Prefrontal cortex, MESH: Brain Mapping, Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Aged, Brain Mapping, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Middle Aged, longitudinal study, Brain, MESH: Neuropsychological Tests, MESH: Follow-Up Studies, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Positron-Emission Tomography, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Disease Progression, Cardiology, Female, MESH: Disease Progression, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Alzheimer's disease, MESH: Amnesia, Psychology, medicine.medical_specialty, Cognitive Neuroscience, Uncinate fasciculus, Article, MESH: Brain, 03 medical and health sciences, Alzheimer Disease, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Internal medicine, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, medicine, Humans, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Aged, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, business.industry, amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, MESH: Cognition Disorders, 18FDG-PET monitoring, Positron-Emission Tomography, Posterior cingulate, Amnesia, Neurology (clinical), Cognition Disorders, ventro-medial prefrontal cortex, business, MESH: Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, MESH: Female, Neuroscience, MESH: Alzheimer Disease, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: International audience; A sensitive marker for monitoring progression of early Alzheimer's disease would help to develop and test new therapeutic strategies. The present study is aimed at investigating brain metabolism changes over time, as a potential monitoring marker, in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment, according to their clinical outcome (converters or non-converters), and in relation to their cognitive decline. Seventeen amnestic mild cognitive impairment patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging and 18FDG-positron emission tomography scans both at inclusion and 18 months later. Baseline and follow-up positron emission tomography data were corrected for partial volume effects and spatially normalized using magnetic resonance imaging data, scaled to the vermis and compared using SPM2. 'PET-PAC' maps reflecting metabolic per cent annual changes were created for correlation analyses with cognitive decline. In the whole sample, the greatest metabolic decrease concerned the posterior cingulate-precuneus area. Converters had significantly greater metabolic decrease than non-converters in two ventro-medial prefrontal areas, the subgenual (BA25) and anterior cingulate (BA24/32). PET-PAC in BA25 and BA24/32 combined allowed complete between-group discrimination. BA25 PET-PAC significantly correlated with both cognitive decline and PET-PAC in the hippocampal region and temporal pole, while BA24/32 PET-PAC correlated with posterior cingulate PET-PAC. Finally, the metabolic change in BA8/9/10 was inversely related to that in BA25 and showed relative increase with cognitive decline, suggesting that compensatory processes may occur in this dorso-medial prefrontal region. The observed ventro-medial prefrontal disruption is likely to reflect disconnection from the hippocampus, both indirectly through the cingulum bundle and posterior cingulate cortex for BA24/32, and directly through the uncinate fasciculus for BA25. Altogether, our findings emphasize the potential of 18FDG-positron emission tomography for monitoring early Alzheimer's disease progression.
Published: 2009
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12. Patterns of cerebral activation during olfactory and trigeminal stimulations

Author: Thierry Moulin, Gérard Brand, Alexandre Comte, Jean-Louis Millot, Laurent Tatu, Sandrine Lombion, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques - UFC ( NEURO ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Grenoble ( LAOG ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques - UFC (EA 481) (NEURO), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (LAOG), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Olfactory system, MESH: Olfactory Perception, MESH : Brain Mapping, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH : Female, MESH : Trigeminal Nerve, Research Articles, MESH: Brain Mapping, media_common, Cerebral Cortex, Brain Mapping, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, 05 social sciences, MESH: Trigeminal Nerve, MESH : Adult, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, MESH : Cerebral Cortex, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Anatomy, Psychology, psychological phenomena and processes, Adult, Brain activation, media_common.quotation_subject, Central nervous system, Olfaction, Stimulus (physiology), 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH : Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Perception, MESH : Olfactory Perception, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Trigeminal Nerve, Trigeminal nerve, MESH: Humans, MESH : Humans, MESH: Adult, Olfactory Perception, MESH: Cerebral Cortex, Olfactory stimulus, [ SDV.NEU ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Neurology (clinical), MESH: Female, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: It is well known that most odorants stimulate both the olfactory system and the trigeminal system. However, the overlap between the brain processes involved in each of these sensorial perceptions is still poorly documented. This study aims to compare fMRI brain activations while smelling two odorants of a similar perceived intensity and pleasantness: phenyl ethyl alcohol (a pure olfactory stimulus) and iso‐amyl‐acetate (a bimodal olfactory‐trigeminal stimulus) in a homogeneous sample of 15 healthy, right‐handed female subjects. The analysis deals with the contrasts of brain activation patterns between these two odorant conditions. The results showed a significant recruitment of the right insular cortex, and bilaterally in the cingulate in response to the trigeminal component. These findings are discussed in relation to the characteristics of these odorants compared with those tested in previous studies. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Published: 2009
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13. Middle short gyrus of the insula implicated in pain processing

Author: Alim-Louis Benabid, Lorella Minotti, Philippe Kahane, Afif Afif, Dominique Hoffmann, Département de neurochirurgie, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble, Neurosciences précliniques, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Dynamique des Reseaux Neuronaux, Département de neurologie, and Deransart, Colin
Subjects: Male, MESH: Pain Measurement, Stereotaxic Techniques, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, Gyrus, MESH: Child, Child, MESH: Brain Mapping, Pain Measurement, Cerebral Cortex, Brain Mapping, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Electric Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Middle Aged, Electrodes, Implanted, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, MESH: Epilepsy, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH: Pain, Psychology, Adult, Adolescent, Pain, MESH: Stereotaxic Techniques, Insular cortex, Gyrus Cinguli, Stereoelectroencephalography, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Gyrus Cinguli, MESH: Electroencephalography, Sensation, medicine, Noxious stimulus, Humans, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, MESH: Adult, medicine.disease, Electric Stimulation, MESH: Male, MESH: Cerebral Cortex, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, nervous system, Stereotaxic technique, MESH: Electrodes, Implanted, Neurology (clinical), MESH: Female, Neuroscience, Insula, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Different lines of evidence have suggested an involvement of the insular cortex in pain processing. Direct electrical stimulation (ES) of the human insular cortex during surgical procedure sometimes induces painful sensations and painful stimuli induce activation of the insular cortex as shown by functional neuroimaging. Invasive evaluation of epileptic patients by deep brain stereotactically implanted electrodes provides an opportunity to analyze responses induced by ES of the insular cortex in awake and fully conscious patients. For this study, we included 25 patients suffering from drug refractory focal epilepsy with at least one electrode stereotactically implanted in the insular cortex using an oblique approach (transfrontal or transparietal). Out of the 83 responses induced by insular ES, eight (9.6%) were reported by five patients as painful sensations. Four were restricted to the cephalic region and four were felt on the ipsilateral or bilateral upper limbs, the shoulders and the trunk (pinprick sensations). The eight stimulation sites were anatomically localized via image fusion between pre-implantation 3D MRI and post-implantation 3D CT scans revealing the electrode contacts. All sites inducing painful sensations were restricted to the upper portion of the middle short gyrus of the insula. The findings of this study suggest that middle short gyrus is involved in the processing of pain-producing stimuli.
Published: 2008
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14. Brain mapping of digestive sensations elicited by cortical electrical stimulations

Author: Philippe Kahane, Agata Mulak, Lorella Minotti, Bruno Bonaz, Dominique Hoffmann, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Département de neurologie, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département de neurochirurgie, Groupe d'Etude du Stress et des Interactions Neuro-Digestives (GESIND), Département d'hépato-gastroentérologie, Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-CHU Grenoble, Wrocław Medical University, CHU Grenoble-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Sinniger, Valérie
Subjects: Male, Physiology, Hippocampus, Electroencephalography, Brain mapping, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Child, Cortex (anatomy), Child, MESH: Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, MESH: Middle Aged, medicine.diagnostic_test, Gastroenterology, MESH: Electric Stimulation, Middle Aged, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cerebral cortex, Child, Preschool, brain mapping, Digestion, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Psychology, MESH: Digestion, Adult, brain-gut axis, Adolescent, Sensation, Amygdala, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Electroencephalography, medicine, Humans, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Anterior cingulate cortex, Retrospective Studies, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, digestive sensations, Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, MESH: Child, Preschool, MESH: Sensation, MESH: Adult, MESH: Retrospective Studies, intracerebral electrical stimulations, Electric Stimulation, MESH: Male, MESH: Cerebral Cortex, Gastrointestinal Tract, MESH: Gastrointestinal Tract, MESH: Female, Insula, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; The aim of the study was to obtain a comprehensive map of cortical areas from where digestive sensations during intracerebral electrical stimulations (ES) in epileptic patients are elicited. Direct cortical ESs were performed in 339 medically intractable epileptic patients selected to presurgical evaluation using chronically stereotaxically implanted intracerebral electrodes and audio-video-EEG monitoring system. Digestive sensations were electrically induced on 723 different anatomical sites in 172 subjects (51%). According to the exclusion criteria, the final analysis includes 174 relevant stimulations evoked in 87 patients. The reported sensations referred predominantly to the upper part of the digestive tract including the epigastria and area over the periumbilical (n = 83; 48%), retrosternal (n = 17; 10%), pharyngeal (n = 31; 18%) and oral (n = 18; 10%) regions. The temporal pole (BA 38), hippocampus, amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC; BA 24/BA 32) were the typical anatomical locations connected with epigastric sensations. Retrosternal sensations were preferentially related to the ACC, while oro-pharyngeal sensations were most related to the suprasylvian opercular cortex and the insula. Cortical ESs are followed by a great variability of induced digestive and associated symptoms corresponding to a widely distributed cortical network of visceral sensation processing, in which the limbic and paralimbic structures play a critical role.
Published: 2008
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15. Microstructural Correlates of Infant Functional Development: Example of the Visual Pathways

Author: Catherine Soares, Lucie Hertz-Pannier, Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz, Y. Cointepas, Denis Le Bihan, Jessica Dubois, Institut de recherche en cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM - U896 Inserm - UM1), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), Département de radiothérapie, CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque, Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'imagerie neurofonctionnelle (IIN), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications (ENST)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neuroimagerie cognitive (LCogn), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Télécom ParisTech-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Human Brain Research Center [Kyoto] (HBRC), Kyoto University [Kyoto], IFR de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle (IFR 49), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications (ENST)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Kyoto University, and Le Bihan, Denis
Subjects: Physiological significance, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Neural Conduction, MESH: Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Visual system, 050105 experimental psychology, White matter, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.PED] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, Child Development, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Neural Conduction, Fractional anisotropy, medicine, Humans, Visual Pathways, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, MESH: Neuronal Plasticity, MESH: Brain Mapping, MESH: Child Development, Brain Mapping, MESH: Visual Pathways, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, Neuronal Plasticity, MESH: Humans, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, General Neuroscience, [SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, MESH: Infant, Newborn, 05 social sciences, [SDV.NEU.NB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Cognition, MESH: Infant, Functional development, [SDV.IB.IMA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Photic Stimulation, medicine.anatomical_structure, nervous system, Brief Communications, Psychology, Neuroscience, Photic Stimulation, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Diffusion MRI, Tractography
Abstract: The development of cognitive functions during childhood relies on several neuroanatomical maturation processes. Among these processes is myelination of the white matter pathways, which speeds up electrical conduction. Quantitative indices of such structural processes can be obtainedin vivowith diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), but their physiological significance remains uncertain. Here, we investigated the microstructural correlates of early functional development by combining DTI and visual event-related potentials (VEPs) in 15 one- to 4-month-old healthy infants. Interindividual variations of the apparent conduction speed, computed from the latency of the first positive VEP wave (P1), were significantly correlated with the infants' age and DTI indices measured in the optic radiations. This demonstrates that fractional anisotropy and transverse diffusivity are structural markers of functionally efficient myelination. Moreover, these indices computed along the optic radiations showed an early wave of maturation in the anterior region, with the posterior region catching up later in development, which suggests two asynchronous fronts of myelination in both the geniculocortical and corticogeniculate fibers. Thus, in addition to microstructural information, DTI provides noninvasive exquisite information on the functional development of the brain in human infants.
Published: 2008
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16. Phenotype variability in progranulin mutation carriers: a clinical, neuropsychological, imaging and genetic study

Author: Valérie Hahn-Barma, Bruno Dubois, Jean-Charles Lambert, Dominique Campion, Serge Bakchine, Agnès Camuzat, Christine Van Broeckhoven, Serge Belliard, Michèle Puel, Patrice Verpillat, Eric Guedj, Alexis Brice, Fabienne Clot, Marie-Odile Habert, Isabelle Le Ber, Jacqueline Mikol, Pascal Lejeune, Ftd-Mnd, Julie van der Zee, Mustapha Ghanim, Didier Hannequin, Vincent Deramecourt, Christian Meyrignac, Martine Vercelletto, Anne Rovelet-Lecrux, Florence Pasquier, Lucette Lacomblez, Vincent de La Sayette, Neurologie et thérapeutique expérimentale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR70-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Génétique médicale et fonctionnelle du cancer et des maladies neuropsychiatriques, Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de neurologie [Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Department of Genetics, University Hospital, Département de neurologie[Lille], Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Service Central de Biophysique et de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Centre des Maladies Cognitives et Comportementales [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Antwerpen, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Neurologie générale et maladies inflammatoires du système nerveux [Toulouse], Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Fédération des Maladies du Système Nerveux, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de pharmacologie médicale [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service d′Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques [Lariboisiere], Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Neuroendocrinologie et physiopathologie neuronale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal, Centre Hospitalier Départemental, Laboratoire de Neuropsychologie, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Neurologie [CHU Caen], Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Service de neurologie [Rennes], Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Clinique neurologique, Hôpital Laennec, Service de neurologie, Epidémiologie des maladies chroniques : impact des interactions gène environnement sur la santé des populations, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle (LIF), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IFR14-IFR49-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de médecine nucléaire [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Neuro-anatomie fonctionnelle du comportement et de ses troubles, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IFR70-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre du Langage et de Neuropsychologie, Service de Génétique Cytogénétique et Embryologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), ANR-06-MRAR-005-01, ANR, Département de neurologie [Lille], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Rennes (UR), French research Network on FTD/FTD-MND, and Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)
Subjects: Male, Pathology, Neuropsychological Tests, MESH: Epidemiologic Methods, MESH: Aphasia, Primary Progressive, Apraxia, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Primary progressive aphasia, Progranulins, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Motor Neuron Disease, Corticobasal degeneration, Age of Onset, MESH: Brain Mapping, MESH: Heterozygote, Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Aged, Brain Mapping, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Middle Aged, Parkinsonism, Brain, MESH: Neuropsychological Tests, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Dementia, 3. Good health, Phenotype, Disease Progression, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Female, MESH: Disease Progression, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Psychology, Haploinsufficiency, Frontotemporal dementia, Adult, Heterozygote, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Mutation, MESH: Age of Onset, MESH: Phenotype, MESH: Brain, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Humans, Dementia, Motor Neuron Disease, MESH: Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Aged, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, Lewy body, MESH: Adult, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, MESH: Cognition Disorders, Aphasia, Primary Progressive, Mutation, Neurology (clinical), Cognition Disorders, Epidemiologic Methods, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Frontotemporal dementia (FTD), characterized by behavioural and language disorders, is a clinically, genetically and pathologically heterogeneous group of diseases. The most recently identified of the four known genes is GRN, associated with 17q-linked FTD with ubiquitin-immunoreactive inclusions. GRN was analysed in 502 probands with frontal variant FTD (fvFTD), FTD with motoneuron disease (FTD-MND), primary progressive aphasia (PPA) and corticobasal degeneration syndrome (CBDS). We studied the clinical, neuropsychological and brain perfusion characteristics of mutation carriers. Eighteen mutations, seven novel were found in 24 families including 32 symptomatic mutation carriers. No copy number variation was found. The phenotypes associated with GRN mutations vary greatly: 20/32 (63%) carriers had fvFTD, the other (12/32, 37%) had clinical diagnoses of PPA, CBDS, Lewy body dementia or Alzheimer's disease. Parkinsonism developed in 13/32 (41%), visual hallucinations in 8/32 (25%) and motor apraxia in 5/21 (24%). Constructional disorders were present in 10/21 (48%). Episodic memory disorders were frequent (16/18, 89%), consistent with hippocampal amnestic syndrome in 5/18 (28%). Hypoperfusion was observed in the hippocampus, parietal lobe and posterior cingulate gyrus, as well as the frontotemporal cortices. The frequency of mutations according to phenotype was 5.7% (20/352) in fvFTD, 17.9% (19/106) in familial forms, 4.4% in PPA (3/68), 3.3% in CBDS (1/30). Hallucinations, apraxia and amnestic syndrome may help differentiate GRN mutation carriers from others FTD patients. Variable phenotypes and neuropsychological profiles, as well as brain perfusion profiles associated with GRN mutations may reflect different patterns of neurodegeneration. Since all the mutations cause a progranulin haploinsufficiency, additional factors probably explain the variable clinical presentation of the disease.
Published: 2008
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17. Structural Analysis of fMRI Data Revisited: Improving the Sensitivity and Reliability of fMRI Group Studies

Author: Jean-Baptiste Poline, Philippe Ciuciu, Bertrand Thirion, Alexis Roche, J.-F. Mangin, Philippe Pinel, Alan Tucholka, Computer and biological vision (ODYSSEE), Département d'informatique - ENS Paris (DI-ENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Inria Paris-Rocquencourt, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC), Laboratoire Toulousain de Technologie et d'Ingénierie des Systèmes (LATTIS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-IUT Toulouse 2 Blagnac, Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT), Neuroimagerie cognitive (LCogn), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie Assistée par Ordinateur (LNAO), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), Département d'informatique de l'École normale supérieure (DI-ENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-IUT Toulouse 2 Blagnac, Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-IUT Toulouse 2 Blagnac-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM)
Subjects: MESH: Subtraction Technique, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Computer science, Information Storage and Retrieval, computer.software_genre, Pattern Recognition, Automated, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 0302 clinical medicine, Voxel, MESH: Pattern Recognition, Automated, Evoked Potentials, MESH: Brain Mapping, Reliability (statistics), Brain Mapping, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, medicine.diagnostic_test, Brain, Random effects model, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Computer Science Applications, MESH: Reproducibility of Results, MESH: Evoked Potentials, Parametric model, MESH: Image Enhancement, Algorithms, Normalization (statistics), MESH: Algorithms, Machine learning, Sensitivity and Specificity, MESH: Brain, 03 medical and health sciences, Artificial Intelligence, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, medicine, Humans, MESH: Artificial Intelligence, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Reproducibility of Results, MESH: Information Storage and Retrieval, Pattern recognition, Magnetic resonance imaging, Image Enhancement, MESH: Sensitivity and Specificity, Subtraction Technique, Spatial normalization, Artificial intelligence, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, business, MESH: Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, computer, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Software
Abstract: International audience; Group studies of functional magnetic resonance imaging datasets are usually based on the computation of the mean signal across subjects at each voxel (random effects analyses), assuming that all subjects have been set in the same anatomical space (normalization). Although this approach allows for a correct specificity (rate of false detections), it is not very efficient for three reasons: i) its underlying hypotheses, perfect coregistration of the individual datasets and normality of the measured signal at the group level are frequently violated; ii) the group size is small in general, so that asymptotic approximations on the parameters distributions do not hold; iii) the large size of the images requires some conservative strategies to control the false detection rate, at the risk of increasing the number of false negatives. Given that it is still very challenging to build generative or parametric models of intersubject variability, we rely on a rule based, bottom-up approach: we present a set of procedures that detect structures of interest from each subject's data, then search for correspondences across subjects and outline the most reproducible activation regions in the group studied. This framework enables a strict control on the number of false detections. It is shown here that this analysis demonstrates increased validity and improves both the sensitivity and reliability of group analyses compared with standard methods. Moreover, it directly provides information on the spatial position correspondence or variability of the activated regions across subjects, which is difficult to obtain in standard voxel-based analyses.
Published: 2007
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18. Right temporal cerebral dysfunction heralds symptoms of acute mountain sickness

Author: Antoine Depaulis, Berend Feddersen, Soheyl Noachtar, Florian Thanbichler, Pritam Neupane, Robb Waanders, Harald Ausserer, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU)-Klinikum Grosshadern, Dynamique des Reseaux Neuronaux, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Human Development and Community Services, Dept. of Neuropsychology, Landeskrankenhaus Rankweil, Collaboration, and Deransart, Colin
Subjects: Male, MESH: Mountaineering, Neurology, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial, Acclimatization, Hemodynamics, MESH: Respiratory Function Tests, Altitude Sickness, Electroencephalography, MESH: Carbon Dioxide, Functional Laterality, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Brain Mapping, Neuroradiology, MESH: Aged, Brain Mapping, MESH: Statistics, Nonparametric, MESH: Middle Aged, medicine.diagnostic_test, Altitude, MESH: Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial, MESH: Cerebrovascular Circulation, Middle Aged, Effects of high altitude on humans, Temporal Lobe, Respiratory Function Tests, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cerebral blood flow, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Anesthesia, Acute Disease, Middle cerebral artery, MESH: Altitude Sickness, MESH: Acute Disease, Female, MESH: Oxygen, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Central nervous system, MESH: Acclimatization, Statistics, Nonparametric, 03 medical and health sciences, 030225 pediatrics, medicine.artery, MESH: Electroencephalography, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, medicine, Humans, MESH: Temporal Lobe, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, MESH: Functional Laterality, Aged, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Adult, Carbon Dioxide, MESH: Altitude, MESH: Male, Mountaineering, Oxygen, Neurology (clinical), business, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Acute mountain sickness (AMS) can occur during climbs to high altitudes and may seriously disturb the behavioral and intellectual capacities of susceptible subjects. During a Himalayan expedition 32 mountaineers were examined with electroencephalography (EEG) and transcranial doppler sonography (TCD) to assess relative changes of middle cerebral artery velocity in relation to end-expiratory CO2 (EtCO2), peripheral saturation (SaO2), and symptoms of AMS. We tested the hypothesis that O2 desaturation and EtCO2 changes precede the development of AMS and result in brain dysfunction and compensatory mechanisms which can be measured by EEG and TCD, respectively. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found that subjects who later developed symptoms of AMS between 3,440 m and 5,050 m altitude exhibited an increase of slow cerebral activity in the right temporal region already at 3,440 m. Cerebral blood flow increased in these mountaineers in the right middle cerebral artery at 5,050 m. These findings indicate that regional brain dysfunction, which can be documented by EEG, heralds the appearance of clinical symptoms of AMS.
Published: 2007
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19. Bayesian Spatio-Temporal Approach for EEG Source Reconstruction: Conciliating ECD and Distributed Models

Author: Diego Clonda, Jean Daunizeau, H. Benali, Jean-Marc Lina, Jérémie Mattout, Bernard Goulard, Saidi, Vanessa, Centre de Recherches Mathématiques [Montréal] (CRM), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Laboratoire d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle (LIF), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IFR14-IFR49-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, University College of London [London] (UCL)-Institute of Neurology, and Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire
Subjects: Computer science, 02 engineering and technology, Electroencephalography, computer.software_genre, Brain mapping, Electrocardiography, 0302 clinical medicine, Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted, Invariant (mathematics), Evoked Potentials, MESH: Brain Mapping, Hyperparameter, Brain Mapping, medicine.diagnostic_test, Signal reconstruction, Brain, Inverse problem, MESH: Reproducibility of Results, MESH: Evoked Potentials, Positron emission tomography, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Algorithms, MESH: Bayes Theorem, Models, Neurological, 0206 medical engineering, Bayesian probability, Biomedical Engineering, MESH: Algorithms, Iterative reconstruction, Bayesian inference, Machine learning, Sensitivity and Specificity, MESH: Brain, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Computer Simulation, MESH: Models, Neurological, medicine, Humans, Computer Simulation, [SDV.IB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, MESH: Humans, Models, Statistical, business.industry, MESH: Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted, Reproducibility of Results, Bayes Theorem, Pattern recognition, Magnetoencephalography, 020601 biomedical engineering, Independent component analysis, MESH: Sensitivity and Specificity, MESH: Electrocardiography, Dipole, Artificial intelligence, business, computer, MESH: Models, Statistical, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Characterizing the cortical activity sources of electroencephalography (EEG)/magnetoencephalography data is a critical issue since it requires solving an ill-posed inverse problem that does not admit a unique solution. Two main different and complementary source models have emerged: equivalent current dipoles (ECD) and distributed linear (DL) models. While ECD models remain highly popular since they provide an easy way to interpret the solutions, DL models (also referred to as imaging techniques) are known to be more realistic and flexible. In this paper, we show how those two representations of the brain electromagnetic activity can be cast into a common general framework yielding an optimal description and estimation of the EEG sources. From this extended source mixing model, we derive a hybrid approach whose key aspect is the separation between temporal and spatial characteristics of brain activity, which allows to dramatically reduce the number of DL model parameters. Furthermore, the spatial profile of the sources, as a temporal invariant map, is estimated using the entire time window data, allowing to significantly enhance the information available about the spatial aspect of the EEG inverse problem. A Bayesian framework is introduced to incorporate distinct temporal and spatial constraints on the solution and to estimate both parameters and hyperparameters of the model. Using simulated EEG data, the proposed inverse approach is evaluated and compared with standard distributed methods using both classical criteria and ROC curves.
Published: 2006
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20. Ictal Brain Hyperperfusion Contralateral to Seizure Onset: The SPECT Mirror Image

Author: Stéphane Clemenceau, Philippe Maksud, Marie-Odile Habert, Gilles Huberfeld, Michel Baulac, Claude Adam, Cortex et Epilepsie [Paris], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Imagerie médicale et quantitative, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Neurosciences cognitives et imagerie cérébrale (NCIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Saidi, Vanessa, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)
Subjects: MESH: Hippocampus, Hippocampus, Functional Laterality, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, Neural Pathways, Epilepsy surgery, MESH: Brain Mapping, Brain Mapping, 0303 health sciences, medicine.diagnostic_test, Brain, Electroencephalography, Organotechnetium Compounds, MESH: Follow-Up Studies, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Temporal Lobe, Neurology, Cerebral blood flow, MESH: Epilepsy, Anesthesia, MESH: Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Psychology, MESH: Preoperative Care, Temporal lobe, Central nervous system disease, MESH: Brain, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Organotechnetium Compounds, Seizures, Preoperative Care, MESH: Electroencephalography, medicine, Humans, Ictal, Cysteine, MESH: Functional Laterality, Retrospective Studies, 030304 developmental biology, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon, [SDV.IB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Hippocampal sclerosis, Sclerosis, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Neural Pathways, Videotape Recording, MESH: Cysteine, medicine.disease, MESH: Regional, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Regional Blood Flow, Neurology (clinical), Nuclear medicine, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Emission computed tomography, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: PURPOSE: Ictal single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) may help localize the seizure-onset zone (SOZ) by detecting changes in regional cerebral blood flow induced by epileptic discharges. This imaging method also reveals hyperperfusions in areas of seizure propagation, including the hemisphere contralateral to the SOZ. We have studied the occurrence, the topography, and the clinical value of such contralateral ictal hyperperfusion areas (HPAs). METHODS: We examined data from presurgical evaluations of 36 consecutive patients with pharmacoresistant partial epilepsy of various localizations. Ictal and interictal SPECT examinations were made with 99mTc-ECD, and the scans were processed for coregistration, normalization, subtraction, and merging with MRI images. RESULTS: Contralateral HPAs were observed in 72% of the patients: 50% of mesiotemporal epilepsy cases with hippocampal sclerosis, 85.7% of the other mesiotemporal epilepsies, 85.7% of neocortical lateral temporal epilepsies, and 87.5% of extratemporal epilepsies. Contralateral HPAs were usually symmetrical to the SOZ, forming a mirror image, observed in 57.1% of the patients. They could be slightly asymmetrical in mesiotemporal epilepsies, perhaps because of the particular anatomic pathways linking temporal lobes. In neocortical epilepsies, they were located in the cortex homotopic to the SOZ. CONCLUSIONS: We show that the symmetrical nature of the mirror image usually does not disturb SPECT interpretation. It can confirm the location of the SOZ (11 patients) and even occasionally improve the precision of its definition (nine patients) by restraining several potential SOZ-related HPAs to a single one or by permitting a restricted localization of the SOZ in a large HPA.
Published: 2006
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21. Reducing contamination while closing the gap: BASSI RF pulses in PASL

Author: G. Bruce Pike, Jan M. Warnking, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (MNI), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], and Dojat, Michel
Subjects: Adult, Radio Waves, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, MESH: Bayes Theorem, MESH: Radio Waves, Imaging phantom, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Amplitude modulation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Optics, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Flip angle, MESH: Spin Labels, Humans, Frequency offset, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Saturation (magnetic), MESH: Brain Mapping, Brain Mapping, MESH: Humans, Spins, Sinc function, Phantoms, Imaging, business.industry, Chemistry, Bayes Theorem, MESH: Adult, MESH: Blood Flow Velocity, MESH: Cerebrovascular Circulation, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, [SDV.IB.IMA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, MESH: Phantoms, Imaging, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Spin Labels, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Radio frequency, business, Blood Flow Velocity, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Bandwidth-modulated selective saturation and inversion (BASSI) pulses are a class of frequency- and gradient-modulated radiofrequency (RF) pulses, derived from the hyperbolic secant pulse by temporal variation of the bandwidth parameter. These pulses afford optimal amplitude modulation, achieving uniform and highly selective profiles at any effective flip angle. In this paper, BASSI pulses are parameterized to obtain low RF energy pulsed arterial spin labeling (PASL) label pulses with minimal contamination of static spins outside the label region and highly selective PICORE/QUIPSS II saturation pulses allowing for small label gaps. They are compared to frequency offset corrected inversion (FOCI) label pulses and sinc saturation pulses in simulations and a phantom experiment. Drawing on the outstanding selectivity of bandwidth-modulated saturation pulses, a new noninvasive method to measure in vivo the contamination effects due to direct and indirect saturation of static spins by the label pulse is presented. In an in vivo study on four subjects, contamination effects in a QUIPSS II PASL implementation based on BASSI pulses are compared to those present in a state-of-the-art Q2TIPS sequence employing a FOCI label pulse. Residual contamination in the QUIPSS II/BASSI sequence is shown to be reduced by a factor of 3, compared to the Q2TIPS/FOCI sequence. In vivo human perfusion images obtained with a label gap of only 2 mm are presented.
Published: 2006
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22. Deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease: Surgical technique and perioperative management

Author: Brian H. Kopell, Robert E. Gross, Ashwini Sharan, Andre G. Machado, Ali R. Rezai, Alim-Louis Benabid, Center for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic, Department of Neurosurgery, Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center-Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Neurology, Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Thomas Jefferson University, Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble, and Issartel, Jean-Paul
Subjects: Parkinson's disease, Deep Brain Stimulation, medicine.medical_treatment, MESH: Antiparkinson Agents, Functional Laterality, Neurosurgical Procedures, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Antiparkinson Agents, Levodopa, Stereotaxic Techniques, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, MESH: Brain Mapping, MESH: Levodopa, Brain Mapping, medicine.diagnostic_test, Brain, Parkinson Disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neuromodulation (medicine), Electrodes, Implanted, 3. Good health, Subthalamic nucleus, surgical procedures, operative, Neurology, therapeutics, medicine.drug, MESH: Preoperative Care, medicine.medical_specialty, Deep brain stimulation, MESH: Stereotaxic Techniques, MESH: Postoperative Care, Diagnosis, Differential, MESH: Brain, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Diagnosis, Differential, Preoperative Care, Humans, MESH: Patient Selection, MESH: Functional Laterality, Postoperative Care, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Patient Selection, MESH: Neurosurgical Procedures, Magnetic resonance imaging, Perioperative, medicine.disease, nervous system diseases, Surgery, nervous system, Stereotaxic technique, MESH: Electrodes, Implanted, Neurology (clinical), MESH: Deep Brain Stimulation, business, MESH: Parkinson Disease, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a widely accepted therapy for medically refractory Parkinson's disease (PD). Both globus pallidus internus (GPi) and subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation are safe and effective in improving the symptoms of PD and reducing dyskinesias. STN DBS is the most commonly performed surgery for PD as compared to GPi DBS. Ventral intermediate nucleus (Vim) DBS is infrequently used as an alternative for tremor predominant PD patients. Patient selection is critical in achieving good outcomes. Differential diagnosis should be emphasized as well as neurological and nonneurological comorbidities. Good response to a levodopa challenge is an important predictor of favorable long-term outcomes. The DBS surgery is typically performed in an awake patient and involves stereotactic frame application, CT/MRI imaging, anatomical targeting, physiological confirmation, and implantation of the DBS lead and pulse generator. Anatomical targeting consists of direct visualization of the target in MR images, formula-derived coordinates based on the anterior and posterior commissures, and reformatted anatomical stereotactic atlases. Physiological verification is achieved most commonly via microelectrode recording followed by implantation of the DBS lead and intraoperative test stimulation to assess benefits and side effects. The various aspects of DBS surgery will be presented.
Published: 2006
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23. Validation of q -ball imaging with a diffusion fibre-crossing phantom on a clinical scanner

Author: Muriel Perrin, Denis LeBihan, Cyril Poupon, André Constantinesco, Bernard Rieul, Jean-François Mangin, Patrick Leroux, Service central de radiologie et d'imagerie médicale, CHU Grenoble-Hôpital Michallon, Laboratoire d'Énergétique Moléculaire et Macroscopique, Combustion (EM2C), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Imagerie et de Spectroscopie (LRMN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire d'Informatique de l'Université du Mans (LIUM), Le Mans Université (UM), Laboratoire d'Informatique de l'Université du Maine (LIUM), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Biophysique et Médecine Nucléaire, CHU Strasbourg-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Hôpital de Hautepierre [Strasbourg], Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie Assistée par Ordinateur (LNAO), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), IFR de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle (IFR 49), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Human Brain Research Center [Kyoto] (HBRC), Kyoto University [Kyoto], Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec, CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), and Kyoto University
Subjects: [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Models, Neurological, Population, computer.software_genre, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Imaging phantom, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, MESH: Brain, 03 medical and health sciences, Nerve Fibers, 0302 clinical medicine, Optics, MESH: Models, Neurological, Voxel, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Humans, Tensor, education, Anisotropy, MESH: Brain Mapping, MESH: Nerve Fibers, Physics, Brain Mapping, education.field_of_study, MESH: Humans, Radon transform, business.industry, Orientation (computer vision), Brain, MESH: Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Anisotropy, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, business, computer, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Research Article, Diffusion MRI
Abstract: Magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion imaging provides a valuable tool used for inferring structural anisotropy of brain white matter connectivity from diffusion tensor imaging. Recently, several high angular resolution diffusion models were introduced in order to overcome the inadequacy of the tensor model for describing fibre crossing within a single voxel. Among them, q -ball imaging (QBI), inherited from the q -space method, relies on a spherical Radon transform providing a direct relationship between the diffusion-weighted MR signal and the orientation distribution function (ODF). Experimental validation of these methods in a model system is necessary to determine the accuracy of the methods and to optimize them. A diffusion phantom made up of two textile rayon fibre (comparable in diameter to axons) bundles, crossing at 90°, was designed and dedicated to ex vivo q -ball validation on a clinical scanner. Normalized ODFs were calculated inside regions of interest corresponding to monomodal and bimodal configurations of underlying structures. Three-dimensional renderings of ODFs revealed monomodal shapes for voxels containing single-fibre population and bimodal patterns for voxels located within the crossing area. Principal orientations were estimated from ODFs and were compared with a priori structural fibre directions, validating efficiency of QBI for depicting fibre crossing. In the homogeneous regions, QBI detected the fibre angle with an accuracy of 19° and in the fibre-crossing region with an accuracy of 30°.
Published: 2005
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24. Rapid categorization of achromatic natural scenes: how robust at very low contrasts?

Author: Marc J.-M. Macé, Simon J. Thorpe, Michèle Fabre-Thorpe, Centre de recherche cerveau et cognition (CERCO), Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, MESH: Decision Making, MESH: Evoked Potentials, Visual, genetic structures, MESH: Cognition, Task (project management), Cognition, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Brain Mapping, MESH: Middle Aged, General Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition, Contrast (statistics), Electroencephalography, MESH: Comparative Study, Middle Aged, MESH: Photic Stimulation, Categorization, Human visual system model, Visual Perception, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Psychology, Adult, Diagnostic Imaging, Decision Making, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Robustness (computer science), Parvocellular cell, MESH: Electroencephalography, Reaction Time, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Communication, MESH: Humans, MESH: Visual Perception, MESH: Diagnostic Imaging, business.industry, MESH: Adult, Pattern recognition, MESH: Male, MESH: Cerebral Cortex, MESH: Reaction Time, Face (geometry), Evoked Potentials, Visual, Artificial intelligence, business, MESH: Female, Photic Stimulation, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: The human visual system is remarkably good at categorizing objects even in challenging visual conditions. Here we specifically assessed the robustness of the visual system in the face of large contrast variations in a high-level categorization task using natural images. Human subjects performed a go/no-go animal/nonanimal categorization task with briefly flashed grey level images. Performance was analysed for a large range of contrast conditions randomly presented to the subjects and varying from normal to 3% of initial contrast. Accuracy was very robust and subjects were performing well above chance level (approximately 70% correct) with only 10-12% of initial contrast. Accuracy decreased with contrast reduction but reached chance level only in the most extreme condition (3% of initial contrast). Conversely, the maximal increase in mean reaction time was approximately 60 ms (at 8% of initial contrast); it then remained stable with further contrast reductions. Associated ERPs recorded on correct target and distractor trials showed a clear differential effect whose amplitude and peak latency were correlated respectively with task accuracy and mean reaction times. These data show the strong robustness of the visual system in object categorization at very low contrast. They suggest that magnocellular information could play a role in ventral stream visual functions such as object recognition. Performance may rely on early object representations which lack the details provided subsequently by the parvocellular system but contain enough information to reach decision in the categorization task.
Published: 2005
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25. Intracerebral study of gamma rhythm reactivity in the sensorimotor cortex

Author: Jean-Louis Bourriez, Philippe Kahane, Patrick Chauvel, William Szurhaj, Philippe Derambure, François Mauguière, Noyaux gris centraux, Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Laboratoire de physiopathologie de l'épilepsie (LNPEE), CHU Grenoble, Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Service de Neurologie Fonctionnelle et d'Epileptologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Collaboration, and Deransart, Colin
Subjects: Male, Epilepsy, Frontal Lobe, Efferent, MESH: Movement, Somatosensory system, Functional Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, 0302 clinical medicine, Evoked Potentials, MESH: Brain Mapping, Brain Mapping, 0303 health sciences, Movement (music), General Neuroscience, MESH: Electric Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Human brain, MESH: Evoked Potentials, medicine.anatomical_structure, Female, Psychology, Adult, Adolescent, Movement, MESH: Stereotaxic Techniques, Sensory system, MESH: Psychomotor Performance, MESH: Somatosensory Cortex, MESH: Electromyography, 03 medical and health sciences, Rhythm, MESH: Epilepsy, Frontal Lobe, MESH: Electroencephalography, Gamma Rhythm, medicine, Humans, MESH: Functional Laterality, Electrodes, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, Electromyography, MESH: Adult, Somatosensory Cortex, MESH: Electrodes, Electric Stimulation, MESH: Male, Sensorimotor rhythm, MESH: Female, Neuroscience, Psychomotor Performance, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; The generators and functional correlates of gamma oscillations within the sensorimotor cortex remain unclear. With the goal of locating the oscillations' sources precisely and then studying the relationship between oscillatory reactivity and ongoing movement, we recorded stereoelectroencephalograms with intracerebral electrodes in eight epileptic subjects awaiting surgical treatment. The sensorimotor cortex was free of lesions and was exhaustively explored with the electrodes. Subjects were asked to perform various self-paced movements contralateral to the exploration zone, brief and sustained, distal movements and a pointing movement. We used the event-related desynchronization method to quantify the reactivity of the 40-60-Hz band before, during and after the performance of movement. A very focused, event-related synchronization of gamma rhythms was found in all subjects. It was predominantly observed in the primary sensorimotor area and its distribution was consistent with the functional map established using electrical stimulations. Two different temporal patterns were observed, the event-related synchronization of gamma rhythms was related either to movement onset or to movement offset but was never recorded before movement. This observation suggests that gamma oscillations are more probably related to movement execution than to motor planning. The different patterns argue in favour of multiple functional roles; it has been shown that gamma oscillations may support the efferent drive to the muscles and here we show that they are also likely to be related to somatosensory integration. We therefore suggest that gamma oscillations in the 40-60-Hz band may support afferent sensory feedback to the sensorimotor cortex during the performance of movement.
Published: 2005
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26. Effortless control: executive attention and conscious feeling of mental effort are dissociable

Author: Stanislas Dehaene, Damien Galanaud, Marie-Odile Habert, Laurent D. Cohen, Jean-Claude Willer, Lionel Naccache, Elodie Guichart-Gomez, Neuroimagerie cognitive (LCogn), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), CEntre de REcherches en MAthématiques de la DEcision (CEREMADE), Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle (LIF), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IFR14-IFR49-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Médecine nucléaire [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Imagerie médicale et quantitative, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Neuroradiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Centre de résonance magnétique biologique et médicale (CRMBM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiologie et physiopathologie de la motricité chez l'homme, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IFR70-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Fédération des Pathologies du Sommeil, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de médecine nucléaire [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de neurologie 1 [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: Cingulate cortex, Emotions, MESH: Frontal Lobe, Neuropsychological Tests, Choice Behavior, Brain mapping, MESH: Linear Models, Developmental psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience, Mental Processes, 0302 clinical medicine, Attention, Evoked Potentials, MESH: Mental Processes, MESH: Brain Mapping, media_common, Brain Mapping, MESH: Middle Aged, 05 social sciences, Electroencephalography, MESH: Neuropsychological Tests, Cognition, Galvanic Skin Response, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine, Middle Aged, MESH: Case-Control Studies, Frontal Lobe, MESH: Evoked Potentials, MESH: Photic Stimulation, medicine.anatomical_structure, Feeling, MESH: Galvanic Skin Response, Female, Psychology, Somatic marker hypothesis, Cognitive psychology, Adult, Stroop Paradigm, Cognitive Neuroscience, media_common.quotation_subject, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, MESH: Psychomotor Performance, MESH: Choice Behavior, behavioral disciplines and activities, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Electroencephalography, Reaction Time, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Anterior cingulate cortex, MESH: Emotions, MESH: Attention, MESH: Humans, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, MESH: Adult, MESH: Reaction Time, MESH: Cognition Disorders, Brain Injuries, Case-Control Studies, MESH: Brain Injuries, Linear Models, Consciousness, Cognition Disorders, MESH: Female, Photic Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Recruitment of executive attention is normally associated to a subjective feeling of mental effort. Here we investigate the nature of this coupling in a patient with a left mesio-frontal cortex lesion including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and in a group of comparison subjects using a Stroop paradigm. We show that in normal subjects, subjective increases in effort associated with executive control correlate with higher skin-conductance responses (SCRs). However, our patient experienced no conscious feeling of mental effort and showed no SCR, in spite of exhibiting normal executive control, and residual right anterior cingulate activity measured with event-related potentials (ERPs). Finally, this patient demonstrated a pattern of impaired behavior and SCRs in the Iowa gambling task-elaborated by Damasio, Bechara and colleagues-replicating the findings reported by these authors for other patients with mesio-frontal lesions. Taken together, these results call for a theoretical refinement by revealing a decoupling between conscious cognitive control and consciously reportable feelings. Moreover, they reveal a fundamental distinction, observed here within the same patient, between the cognitive operations which are depending on normal somatic marker processing, and those which are withstanding to impairments of this system.
Published: 2005
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27. Neural network involved in time perception: An fMRI study comparing long and short interval estimation

Author: Micha Pfeuty, Viviane Pouthas, Nathalie George, Stéphane Lehéricy, Denis LeBihan, Jean-Baptiste Poline, Pierre-François VandeMoorteele, Laurent Hugueville, Anne-Marie Ferrandez, Bernard Renault, Neurosciences cognitives et imagerie cérébrale (NCIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Center for NeuroImaging Research-Human MRI Neuroimaging core facility for clinical research [ICM Paris] (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neuro-anatomie fonctionnelle du comportement et de ses troubles, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IFR70-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), IFR de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle (IFR 49), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Human Brain Research Center [Kyoto] (HBRC), Kyoto University, Laboratoire de Chimie des polymères organiques (LCPO), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre de Neuro-Imagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Neuroradiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Kyoto University [Kyoto], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, Cingulate cortex, Time Factors, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, MESH: Frontal Lobe, Brain mapping, Basal Ganglia, Functional Laterality, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Basal Ganglia, 0302 clinical medicine, Parietal Lobe, Neural Pathways, Basal ganglia, Research Articles, MESH: Brain Mapping, Brain Mapping, MESH: Parietal Lobe, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, 05 social sciences, Brain, Time perception, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Frontal Lobe, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Duration (music), Female, Anatomy, Psychology, Adult, Central nervous system, Gyrus Cinguli, 050105 experimental psychology, MESH: Time Perception, Premotor cortex, MESH: Brain, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Gyrus Cinguli, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, MESH: Functional Laterality, Anterior cingulate cortex, MESH: Humans, MESH: Neural Pathways, MESH: Time Factors, MESH: Adult, MESH: Male, MESH: Nerve Net, Time Perception, Neurology (clinical), Nerve Net, MESH: Female, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; In this study, long ( approximately 1,300 ms) and short duration ( approximately 450 ms) estimation trials in an event-related functional MRI (fMRI) study were contrasted in order to reveal the regions within a time estimation network yielding increased activation with the increase of the duration to be estimated. In accordance with numerous imaging studies, our results showed that the presupplementary motor area (preSMA), the anterior cingulate, the prefrontal and parietal cortices, and the basal ganglia were involved in the estimation trials whatever the duration to be estimated. Moreover, only a subset of the regions within this distributed cortical and subcortical network yielded increased activation with increasing time, namely, the preSMA, the anterior cingulate cortex, the right inferior frontal gyrus (homolog to Broca's area), the bilateral premotor cortex, and the right caudate nucleus. This suggests that these regions are directly involved in duration estimation. We propose that the caudate-preSMA circuit, the anterior cingulate, and the premotor-inferior frontal regions may support a clock mechanism, decision and response-related processes, and active maintenance of temporal information, respectively.
Published: 2005
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28. Distributed and Overlapping Cerebral Representations of Number, Size, and Luminance during Comparative Judgments

Author: Denis Le Bihan, Stanislas Dehaene, Philippe Pinel, Manuela Piazza, Laboratoire Toulousain de Technologie et d'Ingénierie des Systèmes (LATTIS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-IUT Toulouse 2 Blagnac, Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Neuroimagerie cognitive (LCogn), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, IFR de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle (IFR 49), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Human Brain Research Center [Kyoto] (HBRC), Kyoto University [Kyoto], Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-IUT Toulouse 2 Blagnac, Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Kyoto University
Subjects: Male, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Interference (wave propagation), Luminance, Functional Laterality, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 0302 clinical medicine, Parietal Lobe, Neural Pathways, MESH: Brain Mapping, MESH: Contrast Sensitivity, Visual Cortex, Mathematics, media_common, Brain Mapping, MESH: Parietal Lobe, General Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, MESH: Lighting, Human brain, Spatial code, Magnitude processing, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Temporal Lobe, MESH: Photic Stimulation, medicine.anatomical_structure, Female, Adult, Neuroscience(all), media_common.quotation_subject, MESH: Space Perception, behavioral disciplines and activities, 050105 experimental psychology, Contrast Sensitivity, Judgment, 03 medical and health sciences, Dimension (vector space), Perception, medicine, Humans, MESH: Temporal Lobe, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, MESH: Functional Laterality, Lighting, MESH: Judgment, Communication, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Neural Pathways, MESH: Visual Cortex, MESH: Adult, Pattern recognition, Distance effect, MESH: Male, Space Perception, Artificial intelligence, business, MESH: Female, Photic Stimulation, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; How are comparative judgments performed in the human brain? We scanned subjects with fMRI while they compared stimuli for size, luminance, or number. Regions involved in comparative judgments were identified using three criteria: task-related activation, presence of a distance effect, and interference of one dimension onto the other. We observed considerable overlap in the neural substrates of the three comparison tasks. Interestingly, the amount of overlap predicted the amount of cross-dimensional interference: in both behavior and fMRI, number interfered with size, and size with luminance, but number did not interfere with luminance. The results suggest that during comparative judgments, the relevant continuous quantities are represented in distributed and overlapping neural populations, with number and size engaging a common parietal spatial code, while size and luminance engage shared occipito-temporal perceptual representations.
Published: 2004
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29. Neural correlates of implicit object identification

Author: Muriel Boucart, M. E. Meyer, Glyn W. Humphreys, Jack R. Foucher, Delphine Pins, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies (LNFP), Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés (LSI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), Laboratoire de chimie et biochimie des substances naturelles, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Liquides Ioniques et Interfaces Chargées (LI2C), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et de Pharmacologie de la Cognition, IFR37-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lithography Laboratory, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Service d'Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie, CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Hôpital Saint-André, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Boucart, Muriel
Subjects: Male, MESH: Evoked Potentials, Visual, genetic structures, MESH: Frontal Lobe, MESH: Semantics, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Behavioral Neuroscience, Mental Processes, 0302 clinical medicine, Reference Values, Semantic memory, MESH: Brain Mapping, MESH: Mental Processes, Visual Cortex, media_common, Cerebral Cortex, Brain Mapping, Orientation (computer vision), 05 social sciences, MESH: Reference Values, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Recognition (Psychology), Temporal Lobe, Frontal Lobe, Semantics, medicine.anatomical_structure, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Psychology, psychological phenomena and processes, Cognitive psychology, Adult, Cognitive Neuroscience, media_common.quotation_subject, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, behavioral disciplines and activities, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Perception, medicine, Humans, MESH: Temporal Lobe, MESH: Form Perception, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Neural correlates of consciousness, Communication, MESH: Humans, Fusiform gyrus, business.industry, MESH: Visual Cortex, Recognition, Psychology, MESH: Adult, Object (computer science), MESH: Cerebral Cortex, MESH: Male, Form Perception, Visual cortex, MESH: Nerve Net, Evoked Potentials, Visual, Nerve Net, business, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; The present study sought to assess neural correlates of implicit identification of objects by means of fMRI, using tasks that require matching of the physical properties of objects. Behavioural data suggests that there is automatic access to object identity when observers attend to a physical property of the form of an object (e.g. the object's orientation) and no evidence for semantic processing when subjects attend to colour. We evaluated whether, in addition to neural areas associated with decisions to specific perceptual properties, areas associated with access to semantic information were activated when tasks demanded processing of the global configuration of pictures. We used two perceptual matching tasks based on the global orientation or on the colour of line drawings. Our results confirmed behavioural data. Activations in the inferior occipital cortex, fusiform and inferior temporal gyri in both tasks (orientation and colour) account for perceptual and structural processing involved in each task. In contrast, activations in the posterior and medial parts of the fusiform gyrus, shown to be involved in explicit semantic judgements, were more pronounced in the orientation-matching task, suggesting that semantic information from the pictures is processed in an implicit way even when not required by the task. Thus, this study suggests that cortical regions usually involved in explicit semantic processing are also activated when implicit processing of objects occurs.
Published: 2004
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30. A methodology for generating normal and pathological brain perfusion SPECT images for evaluation of MRI/SPECT fusion methods: application in epilepsy

Author: Irène Buvat, Christophe Grova, Pierre Jannin, Arnaud Biraben, A. M. Bernard, Bernard Gibaud, Jean Marie Scarabin, Habib Benali, Grosset, Aline, Integration de Donnees Multimedia en Anatomie et Physiologie Cerebrale Pour l'Aide a la Decision et l'Enseignement, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Imagerie médicale et quantitative, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de médecine nucléaire [Rennes], CRLCC Eugène Marquis (CRLCC), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Male, MESH: Subtraction Technique, Computer science, Partial volume, Perfusion scanning, Ictal-Interictal SPECT Analysis by SPM, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, User-Computer Interface, Epilepsy, Single Photon Emission Tomography, MESH: Brain Mapping, Brain Mapping, Ground truth, MESH: Middle Aged, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, Brain, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Reproducibility of Results, MESH: Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Female, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Perfusion, Algorithms, Adult, MESH: Algorithms, Models, Biological, Sensitivity and Specificity, MESH: Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon, MESH: Brain, MESH: Computer Simulation, Spect imaging, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, medicine, Humans, Computer Simulation, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Ictal, MESH: User-Computer Interface, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon, [SDV.IB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Models, Biological, Reproducibility of Results, MESH: Adult, Gold standard (test), medicine.disease, MESH: Male, MESH: Sensitivity and Specificity, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Subtraction Technique, Nuclear medicine, business, MESH: Female, MESH: Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted
Abstract: International audience; Quantitative evaluation of brain MRI/SPECT fusion methods for normal and in particular pathological datasets is difficult, due to the frequent lack of relevant ground truth. We propose a methodology to generate MRI and SPECT datasets dedicated to the evaluation of MRI/SPECT fusion methods and illustrate the method when dealing with ictal SPECT. The method consists in generating normal or pathological SPECT data perfectly aligned with a high-resolution 3D T1-weighted MRI using realistic Monte Carlo simulations that closely reproduce the response of a SPECT imaging system. Anatomical input data for the SPECT simulations are obtained from this 3D T1-weighted MRI, while functional input data result from an inter-individual analysis of anatomically standardized SPECT data. The method makes it possible to control the 'brain perfusion' function by proposing a theoretical model of brain perfusion from measurements performed on real SPECT images. Our method provides an absolute gold standard for assessing MRI/SPECT registration method accuracy since, by construction, the SPECT data are perfectly registered with the MRI data. The proposed methodology has been applied to create a theoretical model of normal brain perfusion and ictal brain perfusion characteristic of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. To approach realistic and unbiased perfusion models, real SPECT data were corrected for uniform attenuation, scatter and partial volume effect. An anatomic standardization was used to account for anatomic variability between subjects. Realistic simulations of normal and ictal SPECT deduced from these perfusion models are presented. The comparison of real and simulated SPECT images showed relative differences in regional activity concentration of less than 20% in most anatomical structures, for both normal and ictal data, suggesting realistic models of perfusion distributions for evaluation purposes. Inter-hemispheric asymmetry coefficients measured on simulated data were found within the range of asymmetry coefficients measured on corresponding real data. The features of the proposed approach are compared with those of other methods previously described to obtain datasets appropriate for the assessment of fusion methods.
Published: 2003
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31. Foot, Hand, Face and Eye Representation in the Human Striatum

Author: Jean-François Mangin, Stéphane Lehéricy, Jean-Baptiste Pochon, Yves Agid, Fabrice Poupon, Sophie Tezenas du Montcel, Denis Le Bihan, Emmanuel Gerardin, Claude Marsault, IFR de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle (IFR 49), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Traitement de l'Information et des Systèmes (LITIS), Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Institut Européen des membranes (IEM), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for NeuroImaging Research-Human MRI Neuroimaging core facility for clinical research [ICM Paris] (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neuro-anatomie fonctionnelle du comportement et de ses troubles, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IFR70-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département de Biostatistique, Santé Publique et Information Médicale [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] (BIOSPIM ), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Génétique épidémiologique et structures des populations humaines (Inserm U535), Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique (IFR 69), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie Assistée par Ordinateur (LNAO), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Neurologie et thérapeutique expérimentale, Hôpital Charles Nicolle [Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Le Bihan, Denis, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre de Neuro-Imagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR70-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)
Subjects: Male, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Caudate nucleus, MESH: Movement, Striatum, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Putamen, MESH: Corpus Striatum, 0302 clinical medicine, Thalamus, Healthy volunteers, 10. No inequality, MESH: Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, MESH: Thalamus, Brain Mapping, Blood-oxygen-level dependent, Putamen, 05 social sciences, MESH: Lip, Anatomy, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Saccades, Female, Psychology, MESH: Face, Adult, Movement, Cognitive Neuroscience, Left fingers, MESH: Foot, 050105 experimental psychology, MESH: Toes, MESH: Hand, Fingers, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Saccades, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, MESH: Humans, Foot, Eye movement, MESH: Adult, Toes, Hand, Corpus Striatum, Lip, MESH: Male, MESH: Cerebral Cortex, Saccadic masking, [SDV.IB.IMA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, MESH: Fingers, nervous system, Face, MESH: Female, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; The present study aimed at determining the three-dimensional organization of striatal activation during foot, hand, face and eye movements. Seven right-handed, healthy volunteers were studied at 1.5 T using blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast. The tasks consisted of self-paced flexion/extension of the right and left fingers and right toes, contraction of the lips and saccadic eye movements. For foot, hand and face movements, striatal activation was mainly found in the putamen with a somatotopical organization, the foot area being dorsal, the face area more ventral and medial, the hand area in between. Overlap between somatotopic territories was present, more prominent for hand-face than for foot-face or foot-hand areas. In the putamen, the activated areas of the ipsi- and contralateral hand areas were not identical, suggesting a partial segregation of the ipsi- and contralateral striatal sensorimotor projections. For saccadic eye movements, bilateral activation was observed at the junction between the body and the head of the caudate nucleus and in the right putamen. These data present evidence for a somatotopic organization of the human striatum which corresponds with the topography of corticostriatal projections described in the non-human primates.
Published: 2003
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32. Anatomy of verbal memory: a functional MRI study

Author: Samuel Dupont, Michel Baulac, D. Le Bihan, Yves Samson, Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de recherche sur la biologie de l'insecte UMR7261 (IRBI), Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cultures et Sociétés en Europe (CSE), Université Marc Bloch - Strasbourg II-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Physique des Matériaux et Microstructures (SP2M - UMR 9002), Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, IFR de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle (IFR 49), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Human Brain Research Center [Kyoto] (HBRC), Kyoto University [Kyoto], Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Cortex et Epilepsie [Paris], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE - UR1263), Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Service de neurologie 1 [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Kyoto University, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP]
Subjects: Male, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, MESH: Mental Recall, Hippocampus, Brain mapping, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, MESH: Memory, Episodic memory, MESH: Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Brain Mapping, medicine.diagnostic_test, 05 social sciences, Verbal Learning, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Temporal Lobe, Female, Occipital Lobe, Anatomy, MESH: Occipital Lobe, Adult, MESH: Hemodynamics, 050105 experimental psychology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, Memory, Functional neuroimaging, Humans, MESH: Temporal Lobe, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Dominance, Cerebral, MESH: Humans, Recall, business.industry, Hemodynamics, MESH: Adult, Magnetic resonance imaging, MESH: Dominance, Cerebral, MESH: Verbal Learning, MESH: Cerebral Cortex, MESH: Male, MESH: Nerve Net, Mental Recall, Surgery, Nerve Net, Verbal memory, business, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, MESH: Female, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; The recent advent of new functional neuroimaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) makes it possible to examine cerebral activations in healthy individuals. In the present study, we attempted to examine the anatomical distribution of neocortical and mediotemporal activations in control subjects during episodic memory tasks over 24 h. BOLD (blood oxygenation-level-dependent) fMRI data were collected from 10 control subjects. Twenty-two contiguous images covering the whole brain were acquired using an EPI echoplanar sequence. Subjects were instructed to learn a list of 17 words, and to recall it immediately and after a 24-h interval. Individual and group analyses were performed using SPM96. The results demonstrated that a similar left occipito-temporofrontal network was activated during both immediate and 24-h-delayed retrieval conditions. In addition, the 24-h-delayed retrieval also activated a larger parietal region and the right hippocampus. These findings suggest that fMRI is a reliable method with which to perform anatomical studies.
Published: 2002
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33. Brain networks disconnection in early multiple sclerosis cognitive deficits: an anatomofunctional study

Author: Louapre, Céline, Perlbarg, Vincent, García-Lorenzo, Daniel, Urbanski, Marika, Benali, Habib, Assouad, Rana, Galanaud, Damien, Freeman, Léorah, Bodini, Benedetta, Papeix, Caroline, Tourbah, Ayman, Lubetzki, Catherine, Lehéricy, Stéphane, Stankoff, Bruno, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle (LIF), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IFR14-IFR49-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (MNI), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Centre de Neuro-Imagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Warsaw University of Technology [Warsaw], Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Algorithms, models and methods for images and signals of the human brain (ARAMIS), Inria Paris-Rocquencourt, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Service de Neuroradiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institute of Neurology, UCL, Queen Square, London, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Neuropsychologie (LPN), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8), Service de neurologie [Reims], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for NeuroImaging Research-Human MRI Neuroimaging core facility for clinical research [ICM Paris] (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale [Paris] (LIB), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square [London], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), McGill University-McGill University, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Département de Neurologie [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de neuro-radiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], CHU Saint-Antoine [APHP], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP]
Subjects: Adult, Male, Adolescent, MESH: Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Rest, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Neuropsychological Tests, MESH: Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Young Adult, MESH: Brain, Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting, Neural Pathways, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Humans, Prospective Studies, Research Articles, MESH: Brain Mapping, MESH: Adolescent, Brain Mapping, MESH: Humans, MESH: Neural Pathways, Brain, [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], MESH: Adult, MESH: Neuropsychological Tests, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Prospective Studies, MESH: Male, MESH: Cognition Disorders, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Young Adult, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], Disease Progression, Female, MESH: Rest, MESH: Disease Progression, Cognition Disorders, MESH: Female, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: Severe cognitive impairment involving multiple cognitive domains can occur early during the course of multiple sclerosis (MS). We investigated resting state functional connectivity changes in large‐scale brain networks and related structural damage underlying cognitive dysfunction in patients with early MS. Patients with relapsing MS (3–5 years disease duration) were prospectively assigned to two groups based on a standardized neuropsychological evaluation: (1) cognitively impaired group (CI group, n = 15), with abnormal performances in at least 3 tests; (2) cognitively preserved group (CP group, n = 20) with normal performances in all tests. Patients and age‐matched healthy controls underwent a multimodal 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including anatomical T1 and T2 images, diffusion imaging and resting state functional MRI. Structural MRI analysis revealed that CI patients had a higher white matter lesion load compared to CP and a more severe atrophy in gray matter regions highly connected to networks involved in cognition. Functional connectivity measured by integration was increased in CP patients versus controls in attentional networks (ATT), while integration was decreased in CI patients compared to CP both in the default mode network (DMN) and ATT. An anatomofunctional study within the DMN revealed that functional connectivity was mostly altered between the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) in CI patients compared to CP and controls. In a multilinear regression model, functional correlation between MPFC and PCC was best predicted by PCC atrophy. Disconnection in the DMN and ATT networks may deprive the brain of compensatory mechanisms required to face widespread structural damage. Hum Brain Mapp 35:4706–4717, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Published: 2014

34. The cerebral cost of breathing: an FMRI case-study in congenital central hypoventilation syndrome

Author: Cecile Gallea, C. Straus, Thomas Similowski, Mike Sharman, Laurent D. Cohen, Damien Galanaud, Katia Lehongre, Lionel Naccache, Nathalie Nicolas, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique (UMRS 1158)
Subjects: Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, MESH: Awareness, Pulmonology, Brain activity and meditation, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Physiology, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, lcsh:Medicine, MESH: Frontal Lobe, Audiology, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Executive Function, MESH: Executive Function, Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicine, MESH: Respiration, Artificial, MESH: Caudate Nucleus, lcsh:Science, Default mode network, MESH: Brain Mapping, Brain Mapping, Multidisciplinary, Respiration, Electroencephalography, Hypoventilation, Ventilatory Support, Awareness, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Sleep Apnea, Central, Frontal Lobe, Frontal lobe, Brain Electrophysiology, Anesthesia, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], Breathing, Wakefulness, Female, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Research Article, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Neurophysiology, Neuroimaging, Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, Gyrus Cinguli, MESH: Hypoventilation, MESH: Gyrus Cinguli, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Humans, Respiratory Physiology, MESH: Respiration, MESH: Humans, Resting state fMRI, business.industry, lcsh:R, [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], Biology and Life Sciences, MESH: Adult, medicine.disease, Respiration, Artificial, MESH: Sleep Apnea, Central, lcsh:Q, Caudate Nucleus, business, MESH: Female, Neuroscience
Abstract: International audience; Certain motor activities--like walking or breathing--present the interesting property of proceeding either automatically or under voluntary control. In the case of breathing, brainstem structures located in the medulla are in charge of the automatic mode, whereas cortico-subcortical brain networks--including various frontal lobe areas--subtend the voluntary mode. We speculated that the involvement of cortical activity during voluntary breathing could impact both on the "resting state" pattern of cortical-subcortical connectivity, and on the recruitment of executive functions mediated by the frontal lobe. In order to test this prediction we explored a patient suffering from central congenital hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS), a very rare developmental condition secondary to brainstem dysfunction. Typically, CCHS patients demonstrate efficient cortically-controlled breathing while awake, but require mechanically-assisted ventilation during sleep to overcome the inability of brainstem structures to mediate automatic breathing. We used simultaneous EEG-fMRI recordings to compare patterns of brain activity between these two types of ventilation during wakefulness. As compared with spontaneous breathing (SB), mechanical ventilation (MV) restored the default mode network (DMN) associated with self-consciousness, mind-wandering, creativity and introspection in healthy subjects. SB on the other hand resulted in a specific increase of functional connectivity between brainstem and frontal lobe. Behaviorally, the patient was more efficient in cognitive tasks requiring executive control during MV than during SB, in agreement with her subjective reports in everyday life. Taken together our results provide insight into the cognitive and neural costs of spontaneous breathing in one CCHS patient, and suggest that MV during waking periods may free up frontal lobe resources, and make them available for cognitive recruitment. More generally, this study reveals how the active maintenance of cortical control over a continuous motor activity impacts on brain functioning and cognition.
Published: 2014
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35. Interaction of Gustatory and Lingual Somatosensory Perceptions at the Cortical Level in the Human: a Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Author: Annick Faurion, Patrick Macleod, Pierre-Francois Van de Moortele, Barbara Cerf-Ducastel, Denis Le Bihan, Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, IFR de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle (IFR 49), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), Danone Research, Groupe DANONE, Le Bihan, Denis, Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Taste, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Physiology, Sensory system, Somatosensory system, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Somatosensory Cortex, Behavioral Neuroscience, Homunculus, Tongue, Physiology (medical), MESH: Stimulation, Chemical, medicine, Humans, MESH: Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Brain Mapping, MESH: Humans, MESH: Middle Aged, medicine.diagnostic_test, MESH: Tongue, MESH: Adult, Somatosensory Cortex, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Stimulation, Chemical, MESH: Cerebral Cortex, MESH: Male, Sensory Systems, [SDV.IB.IMA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, medicine.anatomical_structure, Somatosensory evoked potential, Female, MESH: Taste, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Psychology, MESH: Female, Insula, Neuroscience
Abstract: International audience; The present study has investigated interaction at the cortical level in the human between two major components of flavor perception, pure chemical gustatory and lingual somatosensory perception. Twelve subjects participated in a functional magnetic resonance imaging study and tasted six stimuli, applied on the whole tongue, among which four were pure gustatory stimuli (NaCl, aspartame, quinine and HCl, pH 2.4 or 2.2) and two were both taste and lingual somatosensory stimuli, i.e. somato-gustatory stimuli (HCl, pH 1.6 or 1.5, and aluminum potassium sulfate). Functional images were acquired with an echo planar sequence on a 3 T system and were individually processed by correlation with the temporal perception profile. Both sets of stimuli showed activation in the same cortical areas, namely the insula, the rolandic operculum (base of the pre- and post-central gyri), the frontal operculum and the temporal operculum, confirming a wide overlap of taste and lingual somatosensory representations. However, the relative activation across areas and the analysis of co-activated areas across all runs for each set of stimuli allowed discrimination of taste and somatosensory modalities. Factor analysis of correspondences indicated different patterns of activation across the sub-insular and opercular regions, depending on the gustatory or somato-gustatory nature of the stimuli. For gustatory stimuli different activation patterns for the superior and inferior parts of the insula suggested a difference in function between these two insular sub-regions. Furthermore, the left inferior insula was co-activated with the left angular gyrus, a structure involved in semantic processing. In contrast, only somato-gustatory stimuli specifically produced a simultaneous and symmetrical activation of both the left and right rolandic opercula, which include a part of the sensory homunculus dedicated to the tactile representation of oral structures.
Published: 2001
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36. Multimodal imaging reveals the role of activity in eating-reflex seizures

Author: Alexandre Krainik, Dominique Hoffmann, Philippe Kahane, Thomas Blauwblomme, Frédéric Grouiller, Laurent Vercueil, Lorella Minotti, Olivier David, Stephan Chabardes, INSERM U836, équipe 9, Dynamique des réseaux synchrones épileptiques, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IDEE, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Functional Brain Mapping Laboratory, INSERM U836, équipe 5, Neuroimagerie fonctionnelle et perfusion cérébrale, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Service de neuroradiologie [Grenoble], CHU Grenoble-CHU Grenoble, INSERM U836, équipe 11, Fonctions cérébrales et neuromodulation, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Département de neurochirurgie, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble-CHU Grenoble, Département de neurochirurgie, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble, and David, Olivier
Subjects: Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System, MESH: Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System, Insula, Case Report, MESH: Frontal Lobe, Electroencephalography, Brain mapping, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Postoperative Complications, 0302 clinical medicine, Gyrus, Eating seizures, Reflex Epilepsy, MESH: Postoperative Complications, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Gamma oscillations, MESH: Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Brain Mapping, 0303 health sciences, medicine.diagnostic_test, Gustatory Cortex, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Frontal Lobe, Psychiatry and Mental health, medicine.anatomical_structure, Frontal lobe, MESH: Young Adult, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Gustatory cortex, Psychology, MESH: Epilepsy, Reflex, Article, Epilepsy, Reflex, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Electroencephalography, medicine, Humans, Ictal, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Dominance, Cerebral, Functional MRI, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Brain Waves, MESH: Humans, MESH: Dominance, Cerebral, Brain Waves, Stereo-Electroencephalography, MESH: Cerebral Cortex, MESH: Nerve Net, nervous system, Reflex, Surgery, Neurology (clinical), Nerve Net, MESH: Female, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: In reflex epilepsies, alteration of gamma oscillations may mediate transition between interictal and ictal states. Here we explored a patient having seizures triggered by syrup intake. From intracranial electroencephalography combined with functional magnetic resonance imaging, the overlap of the gustatory cortex and of the preictal and ictal onset zones, as defined by early gamma changes, motivated the successful resective surgery of the middle short gyrus of the right insula. This case provides a rare demonstration from human gamma activity that the route to seizure may be supported by the interplay between physiological and epileptogenic networks.
Published: 2010
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37. Connectivity between Right Inferior Frontal Gyrus and Supplementary Motor Area Predicts After-Effects of Right Frontal Cathodal tDCS on Picture Naming Speed

Author: Chiara Zavanone, Yohan Attal, P. Vargas, Yves Samson, Christine Delmaire, Romain Valabregue, Sabine Meunier, Stéphane Lehéricy, Charlotte Rosso, Damian M. Herz, Laurent D. Cohen, Frédéric Humbert, Céline Arbizu, Axel Thielscher, Arnaud Messé, Hartwig R. Siebner, S. Ferrieux, Center for NeuroImaging Research-Human MRI Neuroimaging core facility for clinical research [ICM Paris] (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer [CHU Pitié-Salpétriêre] (IM2A), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Algorithms, models and methods for images and signals of the human brain (ARAMIS), Inria Paris-Rocquencourt, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Laboratoire d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle (LIF), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IFR14-IFR49-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Services de neuroradiologie [Lille], Hôpital Roger Salengro [Lille]-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Hvidovre Hospital, Equipe NEMESIS - Centre de Recherches de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (NEMESIS-CRICM), Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Neuro-Imagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer [Paris] (IM2A), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Service de Neuroradiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Colliot, Olivier, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)
Subjects: Male, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, [INFO.INFO-IM] Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, MESH: Frontal Lobe, Brain mapping, tDCS, [INFO.INFO-CV] Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], Neural Pathways, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, MESH: Brain Mapping, Language, MESH: Aged, Brain Mapping, MESH: Middle Aged, Cross-Over Studies, medicine.diagnostic_test, Transcranial direct-current stimulation, Supplementary motor area, General Neuroscience, Motor Cortex, MESH: Electric Stimulation, Middle Aged, SMA, MESH: Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Frontal Lobe, medicine.anatomical_structure, Diffusion tensor imaging, [INFO.INFO-TI] Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], Frontal lobe, MESH: Young Adult, MESH: Language, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], Female, Psychology, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, MESH: Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Motor cortex, Adult, Biophysics, MESH: Motor Cortex, MESH: Cross-Over Studies, lcsh:RC321-571, Young Adult, medicine, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Humans, Electrodes, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, [SPI.SIGNAL] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Aged, MESH: Humans, MESH: Neural Pathways, [SDV.NEU.NB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], MESH: Adult, MESH: Electrodes, MESH: Male, Electric Stimulation, [SDV.IB.IMA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Neurology (clinical), Neuroscience, MESH: Female, Diffusion MRI
Abstract: Background: Cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the right frontal cortex improves language abilities in post-stroke aphasic patients. Yet little is known about the effects of right frontal cathodal tDCS on normal language function. Objective/hypothesis: To explore the cathodal tDCS effects of the right-hemispheric homologue of Broca's area on picture naming in healthy individuals. We hypothesized that cathodal tDCS improves picture naming and that this effect is determined by the anatomical and functional connectivity of the targeted region. Methods: Cathodal and sham tDCS were applied to the right inferior frontal gyrus in 24 healthy subjects before a picture-naming task. All participants were studied with magnetic resonance imaging at pre-interventional baseline. Probabilistic tractography and dynamic causal modeling of functional brain activity during a word repetition task were applied to characterize anatomical and functional connectivity. Results: Subjects named pictures faster after cathodal relative to sham tDCS. The accelerating effect of tDCS was explained by a reduced frequency of very slow responses. tDCS-induced acceleration of picture naming correlated with larger volumes of the tract connecting the right Broca's area and the supplementary motor area (SMA) and greater functional coupling from the right SMA to the right Broca's area. Conclusions: The results support the notion that the after-effects of tDCS on brain function are at least in part determined by the anatomical and functional connectivity of the targeted region.
Published: 2014

38. Latencies in fMRI time-series: effect of slice acquisition order and perception

Author: Anne-Lise Paradis, Denis Le Bihan, B. Cerf, Pierre-Francois Van de Moortele, Annick Faurion, E. Lobel, Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Perception et de l'Action (LPPA), Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Danone Research, Groupe DANONE, IFR de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle (IFR 49), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and Le Bihan, Denis
Subjects: Time Factors, genetic structures, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, Speech recognition, Stimulus (physiology), MESH: Perception, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Correlation, MESH: Brain, Perception, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Humans, Waveform, Bold fmri, MESH: Data Collection, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Chemical senses, MESH: Brain Mapping, Spectroscopy, media_common, Brain Mapping, Signal processing, MESH: Humans, Data Collection, MESH: Time Factors, Brain, Time shifting, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Oxygen, [SDV.IB.IMA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Molecular Medicine, MESH: Oxygen
Abstract: International audience; In BOLD fMRI a detailed analysis of the MRI signal time course sometimes shows time differences between different activated regions. Some researchers have suggested that these latencies could be used to infer the temporal order of activation of these cortical regions. Several effects must be considered, however, before interpreting these latencies. The effect of a slice-dependent time shift (SDTS) with multi-slice acquisitions, for instance, may be important for regions located on different slices. After correction for this SDTS effect the time dispersion between activated regions is significantly decreased and the correlation between the MRI signal time course and the stimulation paradigm is improved. Another effect to consider is the latency which may exist between perception and stimulus presentation. It is shown that the control of perception can be achieved using a finger-spanning technique during the fMRI acquisition. The use of this perception profile rather than an arbitrary waveform derived from the paradigm proves to be a powerful alternative to fMRI data processing, especially with chemical senses studies, when return to baseline is not always correlated to stimulus suppression. This approach should also be relevant to other kinds of stimulation tasks, as a realistic way of monitoring the actual task performance, which may depend on attention, adaptation, fatigue or even variability of stimulus presentation.
Published: 1997
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39. Deformable anatomic templates embed knowledge into patient's brain images: Part 1. Construction and display

Author: L. Anne Hayman, Ashok Kumar, Megan Groneman, Mark Vabulas, Sujit S. Prabhu, Michel Thiebaut de Schotten, Nagham Al-Zubidi, Jackson Hamilton, John J. Pagani, Vinodh A. Kumar, Anatom E Informat Syst Ltd, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Diagnost Radiol, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Neurosur, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Natbrainlab, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of psychiatry-King‘s College London, Dept Ophthalmol, Methodist Hosp, and Thiebaut De Schotten, Michel
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Fiber tract, Neuroradiologist, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Brain, 0302 clinical medicine, Picture archiving and communication system, Reference Values, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Computer vision, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH: Brain Mapping, Brain Mapping, MESH: Humans, MESH: Middle Aged, business.industry, MESH: Reference Values, Brain, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Template, Domain knowledge, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Artificial intelligence, business, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Dominant hemisphere, Tractography
Abstract: International audience; OBJECTIVE: This paper describes the methods used to create annotated deformable anatomic templates (DATs) and display them in a patient's axial 2-dimensional and reformatted volume brain images. METHODS: A senior neuroradiologist annotated and manually segmented 1185 color-coded structures on axial magnetic resonance images of a normal template brain using domain knowledge from multiple medical specialties. Besides the visible structures, detailed pathways for vision, speech, cognition, and movement were charted. This was done by systematically joining visible anatomic anchor points and selecting the best fit based on comparisons with cadaver dissections and the constraints defined on the companion 2-dimensional images. RESULTS: The DAT is commercially available for use on a picture archiving and communication system or as a standalone workstation. CONCLUSIONS: The DAT can quickly embed extensive, clinically useful functional neuroanatomic knowledge into the patient's brain images. Besides labeling visible structures, DAT displays clinically important, previously uncharted subdivisions of the fiber tracts.
Published: 2013
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40. Generic Properties of Curvature Sensing through Vision and Touch

Author: Birgitta Dresp-Langley, Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)
Subjects: Male, Blindness, Brain mapping, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Blindness, Computer vision, MESH: Brain Mapping, Brain Mapping, MESH: Middle Aged, Applied Mathematics, 05 social sciences, [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences, adaptive systems, General Medicine, Middle Aged, MESH: Touch, Object (philosophy), Modeling and Simulation, curvature, lcsh:R858-859.7, Female, Psychology, Algorithms, Research Article, Adult, Article Subject, Generic property, brain control, Models, Neurological, Sensory system, MESH: Algorithms, lcsh:Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, Curvature, 050105 experimental psychology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Software, Stimulus modality, MESH: Models, Neurological, Adaptive system, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, MESH: Vision, Ocular, Vision, Ocular, MESH: Humans, General Immunology and Microbiology, Quantitative Biology::Neurons and Cognition, business.industry, MESH: Adult, Scale invariance, MESH: Male, Touch, Artificial intelligence, business, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Software
Abstract: International audience; Generic properties of curvature representations formed on the basis of vision and touch were examined as a function of mathematical properties of curved objects. Virtual representations of the curves were shown on a computer screen for visual scaling by sighted observers (experiment 1). Their physical counterparts were placed in the two hands of blindfolded and congenitally blind observers for tactile scaling. The psychophysical data show that curvature representations in congenitally blind individuals, who never had any visual experience, and in sighted observers, who rely on vision most of the time, are statistically linked to the same mathematical properties of the curves. The perceived magnitude of object curvature, sensed through either vision or touch, is related by a mathematical power law, with similar exponents for the two sensory modalities, to the aspect ratio of the curves, a scale invariant geometric property. This finding supports biologically motivated models of sensory integration suggesting a universal power law for the brain control and balance of motor responses to environmental stimuli from any sensory modality to inspire adaptive systems design.
Published: 2013
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41. A new statistical approach for the extraction of adjacency matrix from effective connectivity networks

Author: F. De Vico Fallani, Febo Cincotti, Jlenia Toppi, Manuela Petti, A. G. Maglione, Fabio Babiloni, G. Vecchiato, Donatella Mattia, Laura Astolfi, Serenella Salinari, Fondazione Santa Lucia [IRCCS], Clinical and Behavioral Neurology [IRCCS Santa Lucia], Dept. Human Physiology, and Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome]
Subjects: Theoretical computer science, Computer science, Reliability (computer networking), Models, Neurological, 0206 medical engineering, Population, MESH: Algorithms, 02 engineering and technology, computer.software_genre, Field (computer science), 03 medical and health sciences, Consistency (database systems), MESH: Neural Networks (Computer), 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Computer Simulation, MESH: Models, Neurological, Neural Pathways, MESH: Electroencephalography, Humans, Computer Simulation, Adjacency matrix, education, MESH: Brain Mapping, Brain Mapping, education.field_of_study, Models, Statistical, MESH: Humans, Phantoms, Imaging, Stochastic process, MESH: Neural Pathways, Neurosciences, Reproducibility of Results, Electroencephalography, Graph theory, MESH: Neurosciences, 020601 biomedical engineering, MESH: Reproducibility of Results, MESH: Phantoms, Imaging, Data Interpretation, Statistical, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Neural Networks, Computer, Data mining, computer, MESH: Data Interpretation, Statistical, Algorithms, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, MESH: Models, Statistical
Abstract: International audience; Graph theory is a powerful mathematical tool recently introduced in neuroscience field for quantitatively describing the main properties of investigated connectivity networks. Despite the technical advancements provided in the last few years, further investigations are needed for overcoming actual limitations in the field. In fact, the absence of a common procedure currently applied for the extraction of the adjacency matrix from a connectivity pattern has been leading to low consistency and reliability of ghaph indexes among the investigated population. In this paper we proposed a new approach for adjacency matrix extraction based on a statistical threshold as valid alternative to empirical approaches, extensively used in Neuroscience field (i.e. fixing the edge density). In particular we performed a simulation study for investigating the effects of the two different extraction approaches on the topological properties of the investigated networks. In particular, the comparison was performed on two different datasets, one composed by uncorrelated random signals (null-model) and the other one by signals acquired on a mannequin head used as a phantom (EEG null-model). The results highlighted the importance to use a statistical threshold for the adjacency matrix extraction in order to describe the real existing topological properties of the investigated networks. The use of an empirical threshold led to an erroneous definition of small-world properties for the considered connectivity patterns.
Published: 2013

42. Alteration of global workspace during loss of consciousness: a study of parietal seizures

Author: Lambert, Isabelle, Arthuis, Marie, Mcgonigal, Aileen, Wendling, Fabrice, Bartolomei, Fabrice, Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image (LTSI), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Adult, Male, Time Factors, Adolescent, Consciousness, Electroencephalography Phase Synchronization, Unconsciousness, MESH: Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, MESH: Unconsciousness, MESH: Regression Analysis, Statistics, Nonparametric, Parietal cortex, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Seizures, Parietal Lobe, MESH: Electroencephalography, Humans, Partial epilepsy, MESH: Brain Mapping, MESH: Adolescent, Brain Mapping, MESH: Parietal Lobe, MESH: Statistics, Nonparametric, MESH: Humans, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Time Factors, Electroencephalography, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, MESH: Adult, MESH: Electroencephalography Phase Synchronization, Middle Aged, MESH: Seizures, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Male, Synchrony, Regression Analysis, Female, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH: Female
Abstract: International audience; PURPOSE: Loss of consciousness (LOC) in epileptic seizures has a strongly negative impact on quality of life. Recently, we showed that LOC occurring during temporal lobe seizures was correlated with a nonlinear increase of neural synchrony in associative--and particularly parietal--cortices. Whether these mechanisms might be observed in other types of seizures is unknown. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between changes in synchrony and degree of LOC during parietal lobe epilepsy (PLE), a form of epilepsy in which seizures directly involve the parietal associative cortices. METHODS: Ten patients undergoing stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) during presurgical evaluation of PLE were studied. The LOC intensity was scored using the Conscious Seizure Scale (CSS). For each studied seizure (n = 29), interdependencies between signals recorded from six brain regions were estimated as a function of time by using nonlinear regression analysis (h(2) coefficient). KEY FINDINGS: Seizures were divided into three groups according to the CSS scale: group A (no LOC) with a score ≤1, group B (intermediate or partial LOC) with a score ranging from 2 to 5, and group C (maximal LOC) with a score ≥6. The majority of seizures in patients with PLE disclosed significant LOC (17/29, group C). Mean h(2) values were significantly different between the three groups (p = 0.008), the maximal values of synchrony being observed in group C. In addition, a statistically significant nonlinear relationship (p = 0.0021) was found between the h(2) values and the CSS scores, suggesting a threshold effect. SIGNIFICANCE: This study indicates that excess of EEG signal synchrony within associative cortices is likely to be a crucial phenomenon associated with LOC.
Published: 2012
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43. A BOLD signature of eyeblinks in the visual cortex

Author: Michel Dojat, Jean-Michel Hupé, Cécile Bordier, Centre de recherche cerveau et cognition (CERCO), Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neuro-imagerie fonctionnelle et métabolique (ANTE-INSERM U836, équipe 5), Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Visual perception, Photic Stimulation, MESH: Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Brain mapping, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Blinking, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Computer vision, MESH: Brain Mapping, Visual Cortex, Brain Mapping, 05 social sciences, fMRI, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Visual field, MESH: Oculomotor Muscles, medicine.anatomical_structure, MESH: Artifacts, MESH: Photic Stimulation, Neurology, Data Interpretation, Statistical, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Functional imaging, Artifacts, Psychology, MESH: Oxygen, Human vision, Cognitive Neuroscience, Fixation, Ocular, Stimulus (physiology), 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Blink, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, MESH: Fixation, Ocular, MESH: Humans, Blinking, business.industry, MESH: Visual Cortex, Eye movement, Oxygen, Eye movements, Visual cortex, Oculomotor Muscles, Fixation (visual), Artificial intelligence, Visual Fields, MESH: Visual Fields, business, Neuroscience, MESH: Data Interpretation, Statistical, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; We are usually unaware of the brief but large illumination changes caused by blinks, presumably because of blink suppression mechanisms. In fMRI however, increase of the BOLD signal was reported in the visual cortex, e.g. during blocks of voluntary blinks (Bristow, Frith and Rees, 2005) or after spontaneous blinks recorded during the prolonged fixation of a static stimulus (Tse, Baumgartner and Greenlee, 2010). We tested whether such activation, possibly related to illumination changes, was also present during standard fMRI retinotopic and visual experiments and was large enough to contaminate the BOLD signal we are interested in. We monitored in a 3T scanner the eyeblinks of 14 subjects who observed three different types of visual stimuli, including periodic rotating wedges and contracting/expanding rings, event-related Mondrians and graphemes, while fixating. We performed event-related analyses on the set of detected spontaneous blinks. We observed large and widespread BOLD responses related to blinks in the visual cortex of every subject and whatever the visual stimulus. The magnitude of the modulation was comparable to visual stimulation. However, blink-related activations lay mostly in the anterior parts of retinotopic visual areas, coding the periphery of the visual field well beyond the extent of our stimuli. Blinks therefore represent an important source of BOLD variations in the visual cortex and a troublesome source of noise since any correlation, even weak, between the distribution of blinks and a tested protocol could trigger artifactual activities. However, the typical signature of blinks along the anterior calcarine and the parieto-occipital sulcus allows identifying, even in the absence of eyetracking, fMRI protocols possibly contaminated by a heterogeneous distribution of blinks.
Published: 2012
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44. Fluid and white matter suppression with the MP2RAGE sequence

Author: José P. Marques, Rexford D. Newbould, David Erritzoe, Giulio Gambarota, Gunnar Krueger, Tobias Kober, Mark A. Tanner, GlaxoSmithKline, Imperial College London-Clinical Imaging Center, and Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
Subjects: Brain tissue, Nerve Fibers, Myelinated, Brain mapping, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 0302 clinical medicine, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Healthy volunteers, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Segmentation, MESH: Brain Mapping, Mathematics, CIBM-AIT, Brain Mapping, T1, medicine.diagnostic_test, brain tissue segmentation, Pulse sequence, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, deep brain stimulation, MESH: Nerve Fibers, Myelinated, medicine.anatomical_structure, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH: Image Enhancement, Internal Globus-Pallidus, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, MRI, brain, Image processing, MESH: Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Deep Brain-Stimulation, White matter, 03 medical and health sciences, globus pallidus, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Parkinsons-Disease, Magnetic resonance imaging, Pattern recognition, Image Enhancement, Pulse Sequence, MPRAGE, Localization, Artificial intelligence, business, Nuclear medicine, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Purpose: To develop a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence (fluid and white matter suppression, FLAWS) for generating two sets of images from a single acquisition: one with contrast similar to a T1-weighted magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo sequence (MPRAGE) for structural definition; the other with nulled white matter (WM) signal intensity, similar to the fast gray matter T1 inversion recovery (FGATIR) sequence, for improved delineation of subcortical brain structures. Materials and Methods: The recently proposed MP2RAGE, which is a modification of the MPRAGE and generates two image sets at different inversion times, was employed to generate the FGATIR-like contrast (FLAWS1) and MPRAGE-like contrast (FLAWS2). Five healthy volunteers were scanned at 3T and brain tissue contrast and contrast-to-noise were compared. Results: FLAWS1 and FLAWS2 exhibited similar tissue contrast and contrast-to-noise as the `` reference'' sequences, FGATIR and MPRAGE, respectively. Synthetic minimum value images generated from FLAWS1 and FLAWS2 provided a gray matter-dominant image. Conclusion: FLAWS provides two coregistered 3D volumes, one with nulled WM signal intensity and another with nulled cerebrospinal fluid. The coregistered nature of the two datasets allows for generating images that might be helpful in segmentation algorithms and clinical diagnosis. Key Words: brain; MRI; MPRAGE; brain tissue segmentation; globus pallidus; deep brain stimulation J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012; 35: 1063-1070. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Published: 2012
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45. How the Statistical Validation of Functional Connectivity Patterns Can Prevent Erroneous Definition of Small-World Properties of a Brain Connectivity Network

Author: Toppi, J., de Vico Fallani, F, Vecchiato, G, Maglione, A G, Cincotti, F, Mattia, D, Salinari, S, Babiloni, F, Astolfi, L, Toppi, S, Fondazione Santa Lucia [IRCCS], Clinical and Behavioral Neurology [IRCCS Santa Lucia], Dept. Human Physiology, and Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome]
Subjects: magnetoencephalography, MESH: Magnetoencephalography, Spatial correlation, Theoretical computer science, Computer science, hemodynamics, MESH: Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 0302 clinical medicine, computational biology, magnetic resonance imaging, Adjacency matrix, humans, MESH: Brain Mapping, 0303 health sciences, Signal processing, neurological, medicine.diagnostic_test, Applied Mathematics, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, General Medicine, neural pathways, Modeling and Simulation, computer-assisted, Graph (abstract data type), lcsh:R858-859.7, brain mapping, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, electroencephalography, Research Article, MESH: Computational Biology, MESH: Hemodynamics, Article Subject, MESH: Probability, probability, brain, Models, Neurological, MESH: Algorithms, electrodes, signal processing, computer simulation, statistical, models, software, algorithms, lcsh:Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Imaging phantom, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Brain, MESH: Software, MESH: Computer Simulation, MESH: Models, Neurological, MESH: Electroencephalography, medicine, Spurious relationship, 030304 developmental biology, Models, Statistical, MESH: Humans, General Immunology and Microbiology, business.industry, MESH: Neural Pathways, Pattern recognition, Graph theory, Magnetoencephalography, MESH: Electrodes, Artificial intelligence, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, MESH: Models, Statistical
Abstract: International audience; The application of Graph Theory to the brain connectivity patterns obtained from the analysis of neuroelectrical signals has provided an important step to the interpretation and statistical analysis of such functional networks. The properties of a network are derived from the adjacency matrix describing a connectivity pattern obtained by one of the available functional connectivity methods. However, no common procedure is currently applied for extracting the adjacency matrix from a connectivity pattern. To understand how the topographical properties of a network inferred by means of graph indices can be affected by this procedure, we compared one of the methods extensively used in Neuroscience applications (i.e. fixing the edge density) with an approach based on the statistical validation of achieved connectivity patterns. The comparison was performed on the basis of simulated data and of signals acquired on a polystyrene head used as a phantom. The results showed (i) the importance of the assessing process in discarding the occurrence of spurious links and in the definition of the real topographical properties of the network, and (ii) a dependence of the small world properties obtained for the phantom networks from the spatial correlation of the neighboring electrodes.
Published: 2012
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46. High-resolution EEG analysis of power spectral density maps and coherence networks in a proportional reasoning task

Author: Maja Planinić, Stavroula Margeti, Giovanni Vecchiato, Selma Supek, Anton Giulio Maglione, Fabrizio De Vico Fallani, Ana Susac, Fabio Babiloni, Fondazione Santa Lucia [IRCCS], Clinical and Behavioral Neurology [IRCCS Santa Lucia], Equipe Perception et cognition musicales, Sciences et Technologies de la Musique et du Son (STMS), Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique (IRCAM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique (IRCAM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and De Vico Fallani, Fabrizio
Subjects: Male, Brain activity and meditation, Electroencephalography, Task (project management), Thinking, 0302 clinical medicine, Task Performance and Analysis, MESH: Brain Mapping, Mathematics, Cerebral Cortex, MESH: Thinking, Brain Mapping, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, medicine.diagnostic_test, high resolution EEG, oscillations, functional cortical connectivity, graph theory, logical reasoning, balance scale task, mental arithmetic, frontal and parietal cortex, 05 social sciences, Coherence (statistics), Neurology, Female, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Anatomy, Adult, Logical reasoning, Logic, Proportional reasoning, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Logic, MESH: Electroencephalography, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, functional connectivity, high-resolution eeg, [SDV.IB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, MESH: Brain Waves, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Mathematics, Spectral density, Pattern recognition, MESH: Adult, MESH: Task Performance and Analysis, Neurophysiology, Brain Waves, MESH: Cerebral Cortex, MESH: Male, MESH: Nerve Net, Neurology (clinical), Artificial intelligence, Nerve Net, business, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Proportional reasoning is very important logical skill required in mathematics and science problem solving as well as in everyday life decisions. However, there is a lack of studies on neurophysiological correlates of proportional reasoning. To explore the brain activity of healthy adults while performing a balance scale task, we used high-resolution EEG techniques and graph-theory based connectivity analysis. After unskilled subjects learned how to properly solve the task, their cortical power spectral density (PSD) maps revealed an increased parietal activity in the beta band. This indicated that subjects started to perform calculations. In addition, the number of inter-hemispheric connections decreased after learning, implying a rearrangement of the brain activity. Repeated performance of the task led to the PSD decrease in the beta and gamma bands among parietal and frontal regions along with a synchronization of lower frequencies. These findings suggest that repetition led to a more automatic task performance. Subjects were also divided in two groups according to their scores on the test of logical thinking (TOLT). Although no group differences in the accuracy and reaction times were found, EEG data showed higher activity in the beta and gamma bands for the group that scored better on TOLT. Learning and repetition induced changes in the pattern of functional connectivity were evident for all frequency bands. Overall, the results indicated that higher frequency oscillations in frontal and parietal regions are particularly important for proportional reasoning.
Published: 2012

47. BEaST: brain extraction based on nonlocal segmentation technique

Author: Vladimir Fonov, D. Louis Collins, Brandon Whitcher, Hakon Grydeland, Pierrick Coupe, Yongxia (Sharon) Zhou, Lasse Riis Østergaard, Pierre Payoux, Simon Eskildsen, Jeffrey Looi, Eric Jouvent, Jens Pruessner, Harald Hampel, Christian Gaser, Freimut Juengling, Herve Lemaitre, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (MNI), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Aalborg University [Denmark] (AAU), ITACA, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Dementia Research Centre [London] (DRC), University College of London [London] (UCL), This work has been supported by funding from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research MOP-84360 & MOP-111169 as well as CDA (CECR)-Gevas-OE016. KKL acknowledges support from the MRC, ARUK and the NIHR. The Dementia Research Centre is an Alzheimer's Research UK Co-ordinating Centre and has also received equipment funded by the Alzheimer's Research UK. This work has been partially supported by the Spanish Health Institute Carlos III through the RETICS Combiomed, RD07/0067/2001., The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Coupé, Pierrick, Neurology, ANS - Amsterdam Neuroscience, and AMS - Amsterdam Movement Sciences
Subjects: Male, Databases, Factual, Computer science, MESH: Quality Control, [INFO.INFO-IM] Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Brain mapping, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 0302 clinical medicine, multi-resolution, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], [STAT.AP] Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], Alzheimer Centre [DCN PAC - Perception action and control NCEBP 11], Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, skull stripping, Segmentation, Computer vision, False Negative Reactions, MESH: Brain Mapping, MESH: False Negative Reactions, Brain Mapping, [STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], Skull stripping, medicine.diagnostic_test, patch-based segmentation, Brain, Reference Standards, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, 3. Good health, MESH: Reproducibility of Results, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Patch-based segmentation, MESH: Young Adult, Multi-resolution, Female, MESH: Reference Standards, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Algorithms, MRI, Adult, Quality Control, Brain development, Adolescent, MESH: Computers, [INFO.INFO-TS] Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Cognitive Neuroscience, Image processing, MESH: Algorithms, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Software, MESH: Brain, Neuroimaging, Atlas (anatomy), medicine, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Humans, False Positive Reactions, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Alzheimer Centre [NCEBP 11], Brain extraction, [SPI.SIGNAL] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, MESH: Adolescent, [SDV.IB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, MESH: Humans, MESH: False Positive Reactions, Computers, business.industry, Brain morphometry, Reproducibility of Results, Magnetic resonance imaging, Pattern recognition, MESH: Adult, Image segmentation, BET, MESH: Databases, Factual, MESH: Male, [STAT.ML] Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], FISICA APLICADA, Artificial intelligence, business, MESH: Female, Software, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Brain extraction is an important step in the analysis of brain images. The variability in brain morphology and the difference in intensity characteristics due to imaging sequences make the development of a general purpose brain extraction algorithm challenging. To address this issue, we propose a new robust method (BEaST) dedicated to produce consistent and accurate brain extraction. This method is based on nonlocal segmentation embedded in a multi-resolution framework. A library of 80 priors is semi-automatically constructed from the NIH-sponsored MRI study of normal brain development, the International Consortium for Brain Mapping, and the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative databases. In testing, a mean Dice similarity coefficient of 0.9834 ± 0.0053 was obtained when performing leave-one-out cross validation selecting only 20 priors from the library. Validation using the online Segmentation Validation Engine resulted in a top ranking position with a mean Dice coefficient of 0.9781 ± 0.0047. Robustness of BEaST is demonstrated on all baseline ADNI data, resulting in a very low failure rate. The segmentation accuracy of the method is better than two widely used publicly available methods and recent state-of-the-art hybrid approaches. BEaST provides results comparable to a recent label fusion approach, while being 40 times faster and requiring a much smaller library of priors., Data collection and sharing for this project was funded by the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) (National Institutes of Health Grant U01 AG024904). ADNI is funded by the National Institute on Aging, the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, and through generous contributions from the following: Abbott, AstraZeneca AB, Bayer Schering Pharma AG, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eisai Global Clinical Development, Elan Corporation, Genentech, GE Healthcare, GlaxoSmithKline, Innogenetics, Johnson and Johnson, Eli Lilly and Co., Medpace, Inc., Merck and Co., Inc., Novartis AG, Pfizer Inc, F. Hoffman-La Roche, Schering-Plough, Synarc, Inc., as well as non-profit partners the Alzheimer's Association and Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation, with participation from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Private sector contributions to ADNI are facilitated by the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (www.fnih.org). The grantee organization is the Northern California Institute for Research and Education, and the study is coordinated by the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study at the University of California, San Diego. ADNI data are disseminated by the Laboratory for Neuro Imaging at the University of California, Los Angeles. This research was also supported by NIH grants P30AG010129, K01 AG030514, and the Dana Foundation.
Published: 2012
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48. Innovations in functional MR imaging of the brain: arterial spin labeling and diffusion

Author: Raoult, Hélène, Petr, Jan, Gauvrit, Jean-Yves, Stamm, Aymeric, Bannier, Elise, Barillot, Christian, Ferré, Jean-Christophe, Vision, Action et Gestion d'informations en Santé (VisAGeS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-SIGNAUX ET IMAGES NUMÉRIQUES, ROBOTIQUE (IRISA-D5), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Petr, Jan
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-IM] Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, MESH: Neurons, MESH: Positron-Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography, [SDV.IB.MN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Nuclear medicine, MESH: Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multimodal Imaging, Sensitivity and Specificity, [SDV.IB.MN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Nuclear medicine, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Brain, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Humans, MESH: Brain Mapping, Neurons, Brain Mapping, MESH: Humans, Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy, Brain, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Sensitivity and Specificity, Oxygen, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, nervous system, Positron-Emission Tomography, MESH: Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, MESH: Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, MESH: Oxygen
Abstract: International audience; The standard technique for brain activation functional MRI (fMRI) is the BOLD sequence. Two new techniques have emerged: arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI and diffusion MRI. Both have the theoretical advantage of more accurately directly demonstrating neuronal activation compared to BOLD imaging, resulting in improved spatial and temporal resolution. ASL is a perfusion sequence using labeled arterial protons as an endogenous perfusion agent. In spite of methodological difficulties, quantitative CBF measurements are possible. ASL is less susceptible to venous contamination than BOLD and more reproducible. Diffusion MRI evaluates neuronal activation at the cellular level with the prospect of excellent spatial resolution. The main limitations for both techniques are the technical difficulties in the acquisition and the low SNR. AS such, ASL is not widely used clinically and diffusion remains in the field of research. However, the increasing availability of 3T MR systems coupled with multi-channel surface coils and improved postprocessing techniques should improve the detection of the brain activation signal. It is thus possible that these techniques could become clinically available either in complement to or as a replacement for BOLD imaging.
Published: 2011
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49. Variational solution to the joint detection estimation of brain activity in fMRI

Author: Florence Forbes, Lotfi Chaari, Thomas Vincent, Philippe Ciuciu, Michel Dojat, Modelling and Inference of Complex and Structured Stochastic Systems (MISTIS), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Neuroimagerie Assistée par Ordinateur (LNAO), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Neuro-imagerie fonctionnelle et métabolique (ANTE-INSERM U836, équipe 5), Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), ARC, INRIA, Gabor Fichtinger, Anne Martel, and Terry Peters, Dojat, Michel, and Gabor Fichtinger, Anne Martel, and Terry Peters
Subjects: Time Factors, Computer science, Monte Carlo method, Normal Distribution, [INFO.INFO-IM] Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, MESH: Neurons, Inference, computer.software_genre, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 0302 clinical medicine, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Voxel, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, MESH: Brain Mapping, Neurons, Brain Mapping, Brain, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Markov Chains, symbols, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Algorithm, Monte Carlo Method, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Algorithms, [INFO.INFO-TS] Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, MESH: Algorithms, MESH: Monte Carlo Method, Machine learning, Normal distribution, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, MESH: Brain, MESH: Software, MESH: Computer Simulation, MESH: Markov Chains, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Humans, Computer Simulation, MESH: Normal Distribution, [SPI.SIGNAL] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, [SDV.IB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Models, Statistical, MESH: Humans, Markov chain, business.industry, MESH: Time Factors, Markov chain Monte Carlo, Missing data, MESH: Image Processing, Artificial intelligence, business, MESH: Computer-Assisted, computer, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Software, MESH: Models, Statistical
Abstract: International audience; We address the issue of jointly detecting brain activity and estimating underlying brain hemodynamics from functional MRI data. We adopt the so-called Joint Detection Estimation (JDE) framework that takes spatial dependencies between voxels into account. We recast the JDE into a missing data framework and derive a Variational Expectation-Maximization (VEM) algorithm for its inference. It follows a new algorithm that has interesting advantages over the previously used intensive simulation methods (Markov Chain Monte Carlo, MCMC): tests on artificial data show that the VEM-JDE is more robust to model mis-specification while additional tests on real data confirm that it achieves similar performance in much less computation time.
Published: 2011
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50. Dynamic causal modelling: a critical review of the biophysical and statistical foundations

Author: Klaas E. Stephan, Jean Daunizeau, Olivier David, Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College of London [London] (UCL), Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research (SNS Lab), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), INSERM U836, équipe 11, Fonctions cérébrales et neuromodulation, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Service de neuroradiologie [Grenoble], CHU Grenoble-CHU Grenoble, This work was supported by the University Research Priority Program 'Foundations of Human Social Behaviour' at the University of Zurich (KES), the NEUROCHOICE project of the Swiss Systems Biology initiative SystemsX.ch (JD, KES) and the INSERM (OD), David, Olivier, University of Zurich, and Daunizeau, J
Subjects: MESH: Magnetoencephalography, Computer science, Inference, computer.software_genre, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 170 Ethics, Bayes' theorem, 0302 clinical medicine, SX00 SystemsX.ch, 10007 Department of Economics, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, MESH: Brain Mapping, Brain Mapping, medicine.diagnostic_test, Functional integration (neurobiology), 05 social sciences, Magnetoencephalography, Electroencephalography, Causality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, 330 Economics, MESH: Reproducibility of Results, Neurology, Data Interpretation, Statistical, SX11 Neurochoice, 2805 Cognitive Neuroscience, Cognitive Neuroscience, MESH: Bayes Theorem, Models, Neurological, Biophysics, U5 Foundations of Human Social Behavior: Altruism and Egoism, MESH: Causality, Machine learning, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Neuroimaging, Robustness (computer science), MESH: Models, Neurological, MESH: Electroencephalography, medicine, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, MESH: Biophysics, Models, Statistical, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Dynamic causal modelling, Reproducibility of Results, Bayes Theorem, 2808 Neurology, 570 Life sciences, biology, Artificial intelligence, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, business, computer, MESH: Data Interpretation, Statistical, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, MESH: Models, Statistical
Abstract: International audience; The goal of dynamic causal modelling (DCM) of neuroimaging data is to study experimentally induced changes in functional integration among brain regions. This requires (i) biophysically plausible and physiologically interpretable models of neuronal network dynamics that can predict distributed brain responses to experimental stimuli and (ii) efficient statistical methods for parameter estimation and model comparison. These two key components of DCM have been the focus of more than thirty methodological articles since the seminal work of Friston and colleagues published in 2003. In this paper, we provide a critical review of the current state-of-the-art of DCM. We inspect the properties of DCM in relation to the most common neuroimaging modalities (fMRI and EEG/MEG) and the specificity of inference on neural systems that can be made from these data. We then discuss both the plausibility of the underlying biophysical models and the robustness of the statistical inversion techniques. Finally, we discuss potential extensions of the current DCM framework, such as stochastic DCMs, plastic DCMs and field DCMs.
Published: 2011
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