Search

Objective To evaluate the parallelism of natural maxillary occlusal plane with inter-pupillary line and ala-tragus line, and to evaluate the anatomic relationship of natural mandibular occlusal plane with retromolar pad among dentate subjects. Methods The cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2017 to February 2018 at Fatima Jinnah Dental College, Karachi, and comprised front and profile photographs of subjects aged 20-28 years while holding the camper's plane against the maxillary occlusal plane. The photographs were imported in a software and an interpupillary line was drawn and the angle with Camper's plane was measured. On both profile pictures, lines were drawn from base of the ala to the superior, middle and inferior points on the tragus. The angle between ala-tragus line and Camper's plane were measured. Intra-orally, height of the mandibular occlusal plane in relation to the retromolar pad was evaluated using a stainless steel scale. Data was analysed using SPSS 23. Results Of the 109 subjects with a mean age of 23.03±1.36 years, 76(69.72%) were females. Horizontal parallelism of occlusal plane with inter-pupillary line was observed with a mean angle of 1.17±1.27 degrees. The angle between the occlusal plane and the inferior ala-tragus line was 4.25 degrees on the right side, and 4.50 degrees on the left. Intraorally, mandibular occlusal plane coincided with the inferior 48(44%) and the middle third 48(44%) of the retromolar pad. Conclusions Inter-pupillary line and retromolar pad area should be used as a guide in the determination of plane of occlusion. The ala-tragus line was not found to be a reliable guide.

Sugar free chewable tablets are considered to be desired medication for diabetic population having acid reflex problems. The main objective of this study is to develop a patient complaint tablet dosage form which is sugar free, chewable and easy to use. The formulation is designed for hyperglycemic and dysphasic patients along acidity or stomach ulcer. For manufacturing Aluminum Hydroxide (Kyowa Japan), Magnesium Hydroxide (Taurus chemicals India) Simethicone, Povidone (JRS pharma) Sorbitol powder, Magnesium stearate, Dilcalcium phosphate anhydrous, SSG (JRS pharma) and Aspartame were used. The granules formed by wet granulation method and tablets are compressed by rotary compression machine. The pre-formulation studies of granules (Angle of repose, Bulk/Tapped density, Carr's compressibility index and Hausner's ratio), uniformity of content (assay), acid neutralizing capacity, Identification by FTIR spectroscopy all are found within the limits as per USP specifications. All three formulation batches are stable under accelerated and ambient stability conditions for 6 months and 24 months respectively. The formulation development of sugar free oral chewable antacid tablet is pharmaceutically stable and can further analyze for safety and efficacy studies.

Cough is the common disease condition which affects patients of every age. Numerous OTC medications available in community pharmacies however no antiviral treatment and even antibiotics has been shown to be effective without pre-existing lung infection. The treatment approach of medicinal herbs has been recognized for many decades and even longer for the treatment and prevention of cough. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Mukalbion poly herbal chewable tablets for the treatment of cough with improved palatability against a marketed brand (Poly herbal). For the formulation development of test group, the herbs were supplied by the Procurement department of Herbion Pakistan Pvt. Ltd. Althea officinalis (roots), Hedera helix (leaves) and Sisymbrium irio (seeds) were used for the manufacturing of Mukalbion (poly herbal, test group) chewable tablet. The comparative control clinical trial was carried out during a time frame of 07 months with sample size of 70 patients as per epidemiological software for sample size and each group contained 35 (±5) patients. Chewable tablets were administered and evaluated for effectiveness after 15 days of treatment. The data were collected by the patients through clinical trial questionnaire. The validated quality of life questionnaire (LCQ) was also used for assessment. The results were analyzed by applying paired sample T test by using IBM SPSS version 20.00. The p value was0.005 at 95% confidence interval for cough variables including cough bouts, viscosity of sputum, chest congestion, sore throat and shortness of breath. The LCQ cough scale score was higher in test group as compared to control group. The test group also showed well tolerated in term of palatability. None of the patient claimed any of the side effects and no compliance were observed against the marketed brand.

To determine the frequency of coincidence of facial and dental midlines in a sample of Pakistani subjects.Cross-sectional study.Department of Prosthodontics, Fatima Jinnah Dental College and Hospital, Karachi, from October to December 2017.Subjects of either gender (n=117) were selected from pool of otherwise healthy dental students. Facial portrait photographs using a DSLR camera were obtained while keeping the teeth in maximum inter-cuspation position. Auto-CAD software was used to analyse the coincidence of facial, maxillary and mandibular midlines. SPSS Version 23.0 was used for data analysis. The coincidence of the midlines were determined using Pearson correlation test. Level of significance was set at 0.05.The coincidence of maxilla-mandible midlines was 64.1% (75/117); whereas, coincidence of facial midline with maxillary and mandibular midlines were 47.9% (56/117) and 46.1% (54/117), respectively. Left sided deviations of dental midlines were more frequent than the right side.The coincidence of inter-maxillary midlines was seen in two-thirds of the participants only. The dental midlines were coincident with the facial midline in less than half of the sample.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether spironolactone use is associated with fractures in men with congestive heart failure (CHF).In rats with aldosteronism, spironolactone preserves skeletal strength. However, in humans, the relationship of spironolactone to fractures is not known.The medical records of all male patients with CHF from 1999 to 2005 treated at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee, were reviewed (n = 4,735). Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals of having a fracture associated with spironolactone use were estimated using conditional logistic regression.We identified 167 cases with a single-incident fracture and matched these by age and race to 668 control subjects without fractures. After adjustment for covariates, spironolactone use was inversely associated with total fracture (odds ratio: 0.575; 95% confidence interval: 0.346 to 0.955, p = 0.0324).The use of spironolactone is inversely associated with fractures in men with CHF.