1. CD40 Ligand Deficiency in Latin America: Clinical, Immunological, and Genetic Characteristics
- Author
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Tábata Takahashi França, Lucila Akune Barreiros, Ranieri Coelho Salgado, Sarah Maria da Silva Napoleão, Lillian Nunes Gomes, Janáira Fernandes Severo Ferreira, Carolina Prando, Cristina Worm Weber, Regina Sumiko Watanabe Di Gesu, Cecilia Montenegro, Carolina Sanchez Aranda, Gisele Kuntze, Aidé Tamara Staines-Boone, Edna Venegas-Montoya, Juan Carlos Aldave Becerra, Liliana Bezrodnik, Daniela Di Giovanni, Ileana Moreira, Gisela Analia Seminario, Andrea Cecilia Gómez Raccio, Mayra de Barros Dorna, Nelson Augusto Rosário-Filho, Herberto Jose Chong-Neto, Elisa de Carvalho, Milena Baptistella Grotta, Julio Cesar Orellana, Miguel Garcia Dominguez, Oscar Porras, Laura Sasia, Karina Salvucci, Emilio Garip, Luiz Fernando Bacarini Leite, Wilma Carvalho Neves Forte, Fernanda Pinto-Mariz, Ekaterini Goudouris, María Enriqueta Nuñez Nuñez, Magdalena Schelotto, Laura Berrón Ruiz, Diana Inés Liberatore, Hans D. Ochs, Otavio Cabral-Marques, and Antonio Condino-Neto
- Subjects
Cohort Studies ,Latin America ,MUTAÇÃO GENÉTICA ,CD40 Ligand ,Immunology ,Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
CD40 ligand (CD40L) deficiency is a rare inborn error of immunity presenting with heterogeneous clinical manifestations. While a detailed characterization of patients affected by CD40L deficiency is essential to an accurate diagnosis and management, information about this disorder in Latin American patients is limited. We retrospectively analyzed data from 50 patients collected by the Latin American Society for Immunodeficiencies registry or provided by affiliated physicians to characterize the clinical, laboratory, and molecular features of Latin American patients with CD40L deficiency. The median age at disease onset and diagnosis was 7 months and 17 months, respectively, with a median diagnosis delay of 1 year. Forty-seven patients were genetically characterized revealing 6 novel mutations in the CD40LG gene. Pneumonia was the most common first symptom reported (66%). Initial immunoglobulin levels were variable among patients. Pneumonia (86%), upper respiratory tract infections (70%), neutropenia (70%), and gastrointestinal manifestations (60%) were the most prevalent clinical symptoms throughout life. Thirty-five infectious agents were reported, five of which were not previously described in CD40L deficient patients, representing the largest number of pathogens reported to date in a cohort of CD40L deficient patients. The characterization of the largest cohort of Latin American patients with CD40L deficiency adds novel insights to the recognition of this disorder, helping to fulfill unmet needs and gaps in the diagnosis and management of patients with CD40L deficiency.
- Published
- 2022