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To understand the current status of appraisal of post-concussion syndrome disability and the reasons for the changes in re-appraisal opinions.The cases that were judged as "post-concussion syndrome and ten-level disability" in the first appraisal and re-appraised for psychiatric impairment by the Academy of Forensic Science in 2019 were analyzed retrospectively.There were 75 cases, including 58 cases with pre-hospital emergency medical records, among which 39 cases were clearly recorded to be without a history of coma; 74 cases had emergency medical records, among which 44 cases were recorded of having a history of coma; 43 cases had follow-up medical records, among which 24 cases had a history of psychiatric follow-up. The most complained symptoms of the appraisee in appraisal and examination include headache, dizziness, poor sleep at night, irritability, memory loss, fatigue and inattention. The main reasons for the re-appraisal application include doubts about the history of coma, doubts about the credibility of mental symptoms, post-concussion syndrome didn't meet the disability criteria, and objections to the original appraisal procedure or the original appraisal agency. The appraisal opinions of a total of 47 cases were changed. Seven of them did not meet the disability criteria, and the main reason was that there was no clear history of coma and no head injury was admitted; the coma history of the 40 other cases had to be confirmed by the court before they can be clearly identified as disabilities. The reason was that the records about the history of coma were inconsistent or there were alterations and additional information.In the past, the conditions for appraisal of post-concussion syndrome disability were too lax and must be further standardized and strictly controlled.

Viscosity is an essential microenvironmental parameter, which is related to various diseases such as acute inflammation. So it is necessary to develop a probe to monitor viscosity changes during the inflammatory progression in vivo. Herein, a HPQ (2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-4(3H)-quinazolinone)-based fluorescent probe named HPQ-BI-V is prepared for detecting viscosity in biological systems. The introduction of benzindole groups extends the π conjugation of HPQ, resulting in far-red emission wavelength at 610 nm. When the viscosity raises from 3.11 cP to 567.1 cP, the fluorescence signal increases 711 times, indicating the high sensitivity of the probe. Furthermore, this probe displays excellent selectivity for viscosity in comparison with other interfering analytes. Furthermore, the probe has excellent photostability and outstanding response capability in the physiological pH range. Given these advantages, HPQ-BI-V can be applied for detecting viscosity changes in HepG2 cells and zebrafish. In particular, the probe can successfully visualize viscosity changes in acute inflammatory mice induced by LPS and the assessment of anti-inflammatory drug.

Two new prenylated chromones, artoheterophines A (1) and B (2), five known prenylated chromones (3–7), as well as five known biogenetically related prenylated flavonoids (8–12) were isolated and characterized from the stems and leaves of A. heterophyllus. Their chemical structures were unambiguously determined through comprehensive spectral data analyses. The antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory effects of all these isolated prenylated chromones and flavonoids were evaluated in vitro. As a result, compounds 1–12 showed notable inhibitory effects against various human cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 0.36 ± 0.02 to 22.09 ± 0.16 μM. Meanwhile, compounds 1–12 exhibited significant inhibitory activities on nitric oxide (NO) production holding IC50 values in the range of 0.48 ± 0.05–19.87 ± 0.21 µM. These research results suggest that the isolation and characterization of these prenylated chromones (1–7) and flavonoids (8–12) holding significant antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory activities could be significant to the discovery and development of new natural anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory drugs. The findings also provides a phytochemical evidence for further development and utilization of the stems and leaves of A. heterophyllus in health and pharmaceutical products.

To explore the main performance of personality change in people with mild psychiatric impairments which due to the brain trauma caused by traffic accidents and its value in assessment of psychiatric impairment.The condition of personality change of patients with traumatic brain injury caused by traffic accident was evaluated by the Scale of Personality Change Post-traumatic Brain Injury (SPCPTBI). Furthermore, the correlation between the personality change and the degrees of traumatic brain injury and psychiatric impairment were explored. Results In 271 samples, 239 (88.2%) with personality changes. Among these 239 samples, 178 (65.7%), 46 (17.0%), 15 (5.5%) with mild, moderate and severe personality changes, respectively. The ratio based on the extent of personality changes to the degree of brain trauma was not significant (P0.05), but the total score difference between the groups was significant (P0.05). There was no statistical significance between the medium and high severity brain trauma groups. The higher degree of personality changes, the higher rank of mental disabilities. The total score difference of the scale of personality change among the different mild psychiatric impairment group was significant (P0.05). The difference between other psychiatric impairment levels had statistical significance (P0.05) except level 7 and 8.The occurrence of personality change due to traumatic brain injury caused by traffic accident was high. Correlations exist between the personality change and the degree of psychiatric impairment. Personality change due to brain trauma caused by traffic accident can be assessed effectively by means of SPCPTBI, and the correlation between the total score and the extent of traumatic brain injury can be found.

The prevalence of violence behavior in patients with schizophrenia is higher than that in common population. Data suggest that genetic factors may play a substantial role for the etiology of the behavior. Among the particular gene polymorphisms that have been considered to be involved in violence behavior, the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene had been the focus of recent research. This article reviews the association research between COMT gene and violence behavior in patients with schizophrenia in several aspects: SNP polymorphism of COMT Val158Met and COMT Ala72Ser, haplotype of COMT gene and DNA methylation of promoter region of COMT gene. The genetic research direction is presented for patients with schizophrenia.

Background: The pollution of drinking water, e.g. from rivers and pools, has long been recognized to be associated with an increased risk for colorectal cancer (CRC), but there are few direct prospective cohort studies related to person-years on the relative risks of different sources of drinking water for CRC, hence the reason for our study. Methods: Based on a screening for CRC among residents aged 30 years and over in Jiashan County, Zhejiang Province, China, a total of 64,115 residents were classified into five cohorts by their source of drinking water and followed-up from 1st May 1990 to 1st January 2001. Person-years was calculated for every cohort member and Poisson regression was used to control potential confounding variables including demographic variables and smoking history, and to attain crude and adjusted relative risks based on person-years. Results: A trend was seen toward increasing incidence rates for CRC from the drinking water sources of municipal, river, ditch, mixed water to well in turn as shown by relative risk rates of 29.61, 32.67, 33.45, 40.87 and 58.67 per 100,000 inhabitants. Only the role in risk of well water was significantly different from municipal water ( P < 0.05). After the confounding variables were adjusted, the significant risk from well water could be seen for colon cancer, rectal cancer as well as CRC. The relative risks were 1.741 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.001–3.029], 2.228 (95% CI 1.432–3.466) and 2.022 (95% CI 1.432–2.854), respectively. Conclusion: Drinking well water over a long period was identified as playing a role in the risk for CRC, especially for rectal cancer.

Study objective: To asses the association between alcohol consumption and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the Chinese population. Design: A population-based prospective cohort study was initiated from the colorectal cancer screening population in Jiashan County in 1989–1990. The drinking habits of individuals were investigated with demographic information. Setting: A cohort study was followed-up from 1st May 1990 to 1st January 2001 and censored at the date of diagnosis of CRC, at death from any causes, or at 1st January 2001, whichever came first, and the person-time was computed. Participants: Two hundred and forty two CRC patients were diagnosed during the study period and 64,100 individuals finished the follow-up. Results: The distribution of sex, smoking status, occupation, education level and marital status were all significantly different among different drinking habits at baseline. When the above factors were adjusted, no significant association was observed between alcohol consumption and the risk of CRC. Exclusion of individuals diagnosed cancer less than 1 year after the examination date did not alter the strength of an alcohol–CRC relationship. Further analysis in sex strata also did not show a significant relationship. Conclusions: Alcohol drinking may not be associated with a higher risk of CRC in the Chinese population.

The aim of this study was to investigate the association of environmental factors (dietary folate, methionine and drinking status) and polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR C677T and A1298C) gene, as well as the combination of these factors, with the risk of colon cancer and rectal cancer. A case-control study of 53 colon cancer patients, 73 rectal cancer patients and 343 healthy controls was conducted. Genotypes of C677T and A1298C polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR-RFLP. The dietary folate and methionine intakes were assessed using food-frequency questionnaires and food consumption tables. Unconditional logistic regression was applied to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The frequency of MTHFR 677T and 1298C alleles in healthy population were 39.4 and 17.2%, respectively. After adjustment for specific variants, the MTHFR 677TT genotype showed a significantly reduced risk of colon cancer compared with the wild type (OR=0.22, 95% CI: 0.50–0.98), and 1298C allele-carrier showed an inverse association with the risk of rectal cancer compared to the wild type (OR=0.52, 95% CI: 0.28–0.98). Adequate intake of folate was a protective factor from colon cancer (OR=0.32, 95% CI: 0.12–0.88) and MTHFR C677T polymorphism showed a statistically significant effect (OR=0.25, 95% CI: 0.06–0.93), reducing the risk of colon cancer in groups that have an intake of folate exceeding 115.64ng per 1000kcal per day. This study suggests that MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms are associated with the reduced risk of colon and rectal cancers, respectively. Adequate folate intake shows an inverse association with the risk of colon cancer. There is a significant interaction between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and folate intake in reducing the risk of colon cancer.

To explore the methods to assess the function disorder of patients with mild psychiatric impairment due to road traffic accidents.In contrast to that of the patient with physical impairment, the function disorder of the patient with mild psychiatric impairment was assessed by the standard assessment instruments, such as the Barthel index of ADL (BI), Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ), Social Disability Screening Schedule (SDSS), Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL), Physical Self-maintenance Scale (PSMS), and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL).Except BI, the each total score of FAQ, SDSS, ADL, PSMS, and IADL correlated well with the rank of psychiatric impairment. The difference of each total score of rating scales among different physical impairment rank was not statistically significant. At the impairment rank of level 10, the difference of each total score of FAQ and ADL was not significant between the two groups; each total score of BI, SDSS, and IADL in psychiatric impairment was higher than that of physical impairment, while the total score of PSMS in psychiatric impairment was lower than that of physical impairment. At the level 9, except PSMS, the each total score of BI, FAQ, SDSS, IADL and ADL in psychiatric impairment was higher than that of physical impairment. At the level 8, except BI and PSMS, the each total score of FAQ, SDSS, IADL and ADL in psychiatric impairment was higher than that of physical impairment.The different criteria for assessment of mild psychiatric and physical impairment may exist, and appropriate indexes for assessment between physical and psychiatric impairment need to be further elucidated.

Testamentary capacity is one of the civil competences, it means that a natural person enjoys the capacity or qualification to establish testament and deal with his property. Recently, the cases of testamentary capacity assessment of the mentally disordered are increasing. This article firstly introduces the concepts of the testament as well as the testamentary capacity, and then summarizes the assessment standard of the testamentary capacity, by using the Banks v. Goodfellow case as a basis to make the standard criteria including: the understanding of the nature of a will and codicil, the knowledge of the general extent of one's assets, the knowledge of the natural object of one's bounty, the understanding of the impact of the distribution of the assets of the estate, and the absence of a delusion specifically affecting the distribution of the estate. The impact factors of the testamentary capacity, including dementia, mood disorder, schizophrenia, alcohol, drug, and undue influence, etc., are summarized. Lastly, the related assessment tools such as the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Clock-Drawing Test, and the Testament Definition Scale are introduced briefly.

To search the criteria for evaluating the civil competence of the mental disorders involved in contract dispute.Data on the interviewee's mental status and the forensic expertise were collected retrospectively. And 6 indexes were selected and graded: awareness of situation, factual understanding of issues, appreciation of likely consequences, rational manipulation of information, functioning in one's own environment and communication of choice. All of the data were analyzed by SPSS.Fifty six cases were included and interviewee's civil competence was graded to three levels: full civil competence, diminished civil competence, and no civil competence. These cases included two types of contract: the real estate related contract (38 cases) and the labor related contract (14 cases). All of the 6 indexes were well correlated to the forensic expertise. The related coefficient was from 0.703 to 0.834, and the interrelated coefficient of the 6 items was also high, from 0.712 to 0.877.It is feasible to divide the civil competence of the mental disorders into three grades. As the basis, these 6 indexes mentioned above are representative and can be applied in further standardized and quantified assessment of civil competence.

To determine the best time for assessing mental disability due to brain damage.Ninety-three mental disabilities due to brain damage in traffic accidents were assessed and their follow-up studies were taken in different period after the brain injury: 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months. The patients' brain imaging, electroencephalogram (EEG) and detailed medical history were collected. Then to interview the patients' family members and to assess the patients' mental conditions with Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), Social Disability Screening Schedule (SDSS), and Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL). Diagnosis and disability assessments were based on all of the above information.ADL and SDSS had good distinction between different levels of disability and different time. The overall sample demonstrated that there was no statistically significant difference between patients' ADL and SDSS averages in 9 and 12 months. For mild disability, there was no statistically significant difference between ADL and SDSS averages in 6, 9 and 12 months. For moderate disability, there was no statistically significant difference between ADL and SDSS in 9 and 12 months. And there was no statistically significant difference between ADL and SDSS averages in 6, 9 and 12 months for severe disability.For mild disability, it is recommended to assess the mental disability 6 months after the injury, for moderate disability, it is 9 months. The statistics data recommended that the best assessment time for severe disability is 6 months after injury. However, our comprehensive analysis concludes that the suitable time is 9 months after injury.

To seek and ascertain indicators that can be used in the civil competence assessment of the mental disorders involved in compensation of personal injury.A retrospective study was made on the data related to the interviewee's mental status assessed by forensic experts during the period from 2003 to 2005 in Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, P.R.China. The 6 indicators, including awareness of situation, factual understanding of issues, appreciation of likely consequences, rational manipulation of information, functioning in one's own environment, and communication of choice, were graded and statistically analyzed using SPSS 11.5 software.The 6 indicators correlated well with the assessment of forensic experts ,with the related coefficient between 0.632 and 0.876, and the inter-related coefficient among the 6 indicators between 0.575 and 0.911.The 6 indicators could be used for the civil competence assessment and may also be taken as the basis for further standardization and quantification of civil competence.

To explore the influencing factors of schizophrenic patient's capability in civil litigation, and to establish the base of quantitative study about execution of civil litigation.To study questionnaires completed from patients with and without civil litigation capabilities and to determine the influencing factors from medical and forensic aspects.One hundred patients were admitted to the study and were divided into two groups based on capability in civil litigation. There were significant differences in psychiatric and legal aspects between the groups.Capability of schizophrenic patients in perusing civil litigation had been impaired or even complete lost.

To explore potential application of Diminished Criminal Responsibility Rating Scale (DCRRS) on rape offenders.The DCRRS was used retrospectively to study 77 cases of rape offenders. They were divided into three groups according to the degree of diminished criminal responsibility.There were significant differences in rating scores among three groups (mild group 21.32+/-5.56, moderate group 25.92+/-5.19, and major group 29.54+/-4.62), and 16 of 18 items showed good correlation with the total scores of the scale (r=0.256 to 0.611), 7 factors were extracted by the factor analysis and their cumulative squared loadings was 75.784%.The DCRRS is valid and reliable in a in assessment of criminal responsibility schizophrenic rape offenders.

To investigate the interrelationship of genetic polymorphisms in folate metabolic enzymes (MTHFRC677T, MTHFRA1298C, MTRA2756G and MTRRA66G) and their combinative effects with colorectal cancer (CRC).A nested case-control study was designed and carried out. 140 CRC patients and 343 control subjects were included in this study. Polymorphisms of folate metabolic enzyme genes were genotyped by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Risk of CRC was estimated by unconditional logistic model, and P value for interaction was calculated by likelihood test.The allele of MTR2756G showed a positive association with CRC (OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.22 - 3.40). Those with MTHFR1298AA and MTR 2756AG/GG genotypes had an elevated risk with CRC (OR = 2.57, 95% CI, 1.42 -4.65), and their combinative effect showed a significant association with CRC (P = 0.04).MTR2756G allele may be a risk factor of CRC, and interaction may exsit between polymorphisms of MTHFRA1298C and MTRA2756G. Further studies with larger sample and in different ethnic groups are needed.

To explore the feasibility of Diminished Criminal Responsibility Rating Scale(DCRRS) to schizophrenia offenders.The DCRRS were used respectively to 325 cases of schizophrenia offender which were divided into three groups according to the degree of criminal responsibility.There were significant differences in rating score among three groups (mild group 21.16 +/- 4.17, moderate group 25.87 +/- 5.43, major group 29.35 +/- 4.60), and all items have good correlation with the total score of the scale. 6 factors were extracted by the factor analysis, and their cumulative squared loadings is 68.485%.The diminished criminal responsibility in schizophrenia offenders could be divided into three grades.

To investigate the association between G72 gene polymorphisms and depression,and to probe the difference of G72 gene polymorphisms between depression with and without mixed family history.The polymorphisms of G72 gene (rs947267 and rs2181953) were detected by PCR technique in 100 depressive patients without mixed family history, 50 depressive patients with mixed family history and 86 normal controls.(1) The frequencies of rs947267 genotypes and alleles in female depressive patients without mixed family history were significant different to the controls (P=0.017 and P=0.008), the OR scores were 0.300 (A/A, P=0.010), 0.456(A, P=0.008) and 2.195(C, P=0.008) respectively; but in male patients there were no significant differences to the controls (P0.05). (2) The frequencies of rs2181953 genotypes and alleles in the depressive patients without mixed family history were not significantly different to the controls regardless of sex (P0.05). (3) The frequencies of rs947267 and rs2181953 genotypes and alleles in the depressive patients with mixed family history were not significantly different to the controls regardless of sex (P0.05).The G72 gene polymorphism may be associated with female depressive patients without mixed family history,C allele of rs947267 may be the risk factor.

Background: The impact of uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A7 (UGT1A7) polymorphisms on genetic susceptibility to digestive system cancer has received close attention since the discovery by Guillemette, the polymorphisms of which may alter enzyme activity. To clarify the allele frequency distribution and its association with risk of colorectal cancer, a population-based case–control study was carried out in Chinese population. Methods: A total of 140 patients with colorectal cancer and 280 cancer-free frequency-matched controls from a follow-up cohort population established in 1989, were enrolled. For the UGT1A7 polymorphisms analysis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based genotyping techniques including semi-nested PCR, allele-specific PCR and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were developed. Results: The variant allele frequencies in patients and controls were 50.0% and 38.6%, respectively, which were significantly associated with risk of colorectal cancer (odds ratio [OR]: 1.59; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19–2.13). For the variant genotypes analysis, *2/*2 and *3/*3 exhibited a significant association with risk of colorectal cancer (OR: 7.80, 95%CI: 2.66–22.87; OR: 3.47, 95%CI: 1.51–7.97, respectively). Stratification analysis indicated that in previous–current cigarette smoking (cigarette smoking history), current cigarette smoking (current cigarette smoking status), previous–current alcohol drinking (alcohol drinking history) or current alcohol drinking individuals (current alcohol drinking status), the risk developing colorectal cancer increased: OR (95%CI), 2.81 (0.97–8.11), 3.39 (1.19–9.67), 2.89 (0.99–8.46) and 3.14 (1.09–9.09), respectively. Conclusions: UGT1A7 polymorphisms may have a significant modifying effect on colorectal cancer risk, which may interact with environmental factors, cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking in colorectal carcinogenesis.

To investigate the association between CYP1A1, GSTM1, T1, UGT1A7 polymorphisms and colorectal cancer risk.A case-control study of 140 patients with cancers and 343 health controls was conducted to investigate the role of CYP1A1, GSTM1, T1, UGT1A7 polymorphisms in colorectal cancer. Gene-gene interactions among CYP1A1, GSTM1, T1, UGT1A7 polymorphisms were detected by case-control study and case-only study. Genotypes of four genes polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and unconditional logistic regression was adopted to analyze the data.The CC, TC and CC genotypes of CYP1A1 T6235C significantly decreased the colorectal cancer risk as compared to TT genotype (OR = 0.493, 95% CI: 0.254-0.956, OR = 0.638, 95% CI: 0.427-0.952). GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype had no significant association with the increased risk of colorectal cancer while the mutant variants of UGT1A7 might increase the risk of colorectal cancer significantly (OR = 2.501, 95% CI: 1.456-4.296). The CORvalue for the gene-gene interactions between CYP1A1 variant and the null genotype of GSTT1, GSTM1-deleted and GSTT1-deleted genotype in the case-only design were 2.617 (95% CI: 1.015-6.752) and 3.935 (95% CI: 1.323-11.706), respectively. There was no significant interaction between CYP1A1 and GSTM1, CYP1A1 and UGT1A7.This study suggests that CYP1A1 and UGT1A7 variants might be associated with colorectal cancer. CYP1A1 and GSTM1 might interact on GSTT1 to influence the risk of colorectal cancer.

To investigate the association between metabolic enzymes polymorphisms and the risk of colorectal cancer(CRC).Methods of detection used were based on polymerase chain reaction(PCR) including PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), allele specific-PCR (AS-PCR) and multiple-PCR to identify the polymorphisms of CYP1A1 6235T/C, CYP1A2 734C/A, CYP2E1 -1259G/C, CYP2E1 -1019C/T, GSTM1 and T1 null type, NAT1 and NAT2 alleles among 140 cases and 343 cancer-free controls.The allele frequencies of CYP1A1 6235C, CYP1A2 734A, CYP2E1 -1259C, CYP2E1 -1019T, GSTM1 and T1 null type, NAT1* 10 and NAT2 Mx (x = 1,2,3) alleles were 31.65%, 63.77%, 23.02%, 32.61%, 57.25%, 17.39%, 26.45% and 39.21% in the case group and 39.85%, 66.62%, 20.27%, 28.61%, 55.46%, 20.35%, 25.22% and 39.36% in control group, respectively. The frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Data on single genetic polymorphism and stratification analysis of multi-genetic polymorphisms indicated that CYP1A1 6235CC homozygote was associated with the significant reduction of CRC risk (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.63-0.99) and in individuals with CYP1A2 734A allele. CYP1A1 62345C allele had the same effect (OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.34-0.83). However, individuals with GSTT1 null genotype, GSTM1 null genotype could significantly increase the risk (OR = 4.41, 95% CI: 1.21-16.10).CYP1A1 6235C allele might play an important role in fighting against colorectal carcinogenesis. However, GSTM1 and T1 null genotype might serve as risk factors genetically. Larger scale population-based studies were needed to confirm the current findings.

To create an instrument to determine the mental prisoners' competency to serve a sentence, which is according with the Chinese legal system.Integrating the Chinese criminal jurisprudence and the authors' forensic psychiatric experience, the research team created an instrument which called Competency to serve a sentence Rating scale firstly, then used the instrument retrospectively, in the end the validity and reliability of the instrument were inspected and, through an diagnostic test, the feasibility of the instrument was evaluated.Homogeneity reliability of the instrument is 0.8779, the correspondence of the conclusion between the instrument and the expertise is 0.909, except the positive likelihood ratio is 0.0683, the other diagnostic index are better.The Competency to serve a sentence Rating Scale is feasible.

To evaluate the associations between genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 (GSTM1 and GSTT1), smoking and susceptibility to colorectal cancer.A case-control study of 126 patients and 343 healthy controls was conducted to investigate the role of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms in colorectal cancer. Genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms were analyzed by multiplex allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR).The frequencies of GSTM1 null and GSTT1 null genotypes were 55.5% and 20.4%, respectively. After adjustment for age and sex, among those with GSTT1 null genotype, the GSTM1 null genotype had a significant increased risk of rectal cancers compared to GSTM1 non-null genotype (OR=9.74, 95% CI, 1.13 - 83.85). A 2.22-fold risk of colon cancers was associated with GSTM1 null genotype compared to GSTM1 non-null genotype among current smokers (P0.05). Individuals with GSTT1 null genotype and currently smoking had a significant risk of colon cancers (OR = 4.55, 95% CI, 1.14 - 18.17), and rectal cancers (OR = 4.60, 95% CI, 1.11 - 19.11).This study suggests that certain null GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes may be associated with an elevated risk of colorectal cancer which may be modified by interaction of the two genetic polymorphisms and cigarette smoking.

Explore the affecting factors of mentally prisoner's competency to serve a sentence (CSS), establish the base of quantitative study of CSS.Firstly, the researchers compile a questionnaire named legal-psycho ability of competency to serve a sentence questionnaire, then the researchers scaling the object with RTHD, and ask all object complete the questionnaire. there a hypothesis, that the object who are cured in cured ward is incompetent to serve a sentence (ISS), and the other who are stay in rehabilitated ward is competent to serve a sentence (CSS).There are 185 object admitted the study, the ISS group the CSS group have significance between psychiatric and legal aspects.At the influence of psychiatric symptoms, the mentally prisoner's competency to serve a sentence had been impaired, and they should been transferred from prison to hospital.

To create an instrument to determine the mental disorder offenders' competency to stand trial, which is according with the Chinese legal system.Integrating the foreign instruments and the Chinese criminal jurisprudence, and combing the authors' forensic psychiatric experience, the research team created an instrument which was called Competency to stand trial Determining Instrument firstly, then used the instrument in practice, in the end the validity and reliability of the instrument were inspected, and through an diagnostic test, the feasibility of the instrument was evaluated.Split-half and homogeneity reliability of the instrument is 0.9366 and 0.9213 respectively, the correspondence of the conclusion between the instrument and the expertise is 0.704. Except the sensitivity is 0.6097, all the other diagnostic index are over 0.80.The Competency to stand trial Determining Instrument is feasible.

To investigate the personality and mental health of the objects of substance (caffeine, cocaine, hallucinogens and so on) abstinence who got labor education and rehabilitation.258 male objects and 250 female objects of substance abstinence selected randomly from institutions of labor education and rehabilitation were assessed with MMPI and SCL-90.MMPI tests indicated the personality abnormality in the objects. SCL-90 tests manifested the mental health abnormality of them compared with Chinese models, especially in the female objects.More attention should be paid on the mental health of the objects of substance abstinence.

To understand the incidence of colorectal cancer in population drinking or not and to validate the relationship between drinking and colorectal cancer.The data obtained from a questionnaire used in a population-based prospective screenings study in ten countries of Jiashan County was examined. A total of 64,102 men and women aged 30 y and older without history of cancer at baseline and a subcohort of 29,044 of them drinking past and current was conducted. Cox regression model was applied to estimate relative risk (RR).After 10 years follow-up,107 colon cancer and 135 rectal cancer cases were identified. Among drinkers and abstainers, the incidence density of colorectal cancer was 36.18 per 100 thousand and 37.26 per 100 thousand, respectively and there wasn't statistical significance(Z=0.52, P0.05); The crude RR (95%CI) for drinker compared with never drinkers was 0.97(0.75 approximately 1.25), and the multivariable-adjusted RR (95%CI) was 1.13(0.87 approximately 1.48). The research power of this study was 96.99%.Alcohol drinking isn't one of the risk factors of colorectal cancer among Jiashan County population.

To investigate the relationship between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductases (MTHFR) polymorphisms and colorectal cancer susceptibility.A case-control study of 126 patients and 343 healthy controls was conducted to investigate the roles of MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms in colorectal cancer development. Genotypes of C677T and A1298C polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain resction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods.The frequencies of MTHFR 677T and 1298C allele were 39.7% and 17.1%, respectively. After adjustment for age and sex, the MTHFR 1298C alleles seemed to have reduced association on the risk of colorectal cancer comparing to wild types. Among those with 677T and 1298A alleles, a decreased risk of colorectal cancer was observed: a 4-fold decrease in colorectal cancer risk (OR = 0.552, 95% CI: 0.265 - 1.150) in those with 677T and 1298C alleles. Men who were ex-drinkers and with MTHFR 1298C allele had a 2-fold increase in risk of colorectal cancer (OR = 3.307, 95% CI: 0.521 - 17.698) while no increased risk was seen among those current-drinkers.This study suggested that certain MTHFR C677T and A1298C might be associated with the risk of colorectal cancer development. The interaction between MTHFR 1298AC polymorphisms and ex-drinking might also serve as a risk factor of colorectal cancer.

To investigate PstI allelic variants of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), the interaction effect on salted food and their role in risk for colorectal cancer.The genotypes of CYP2E1 PstI restriction fragment length polymorphism were analyzed in 126 colorectal cancer cases and 343 normal controls. The unconditional logistic regression was applied to estimate the OR and its 95% CI.The CYP2E1 C1/C1, C1/C2 and C2/C2 genotypes were found respectively in 61.8%, 35.8% and 2.4% of normal control, similar to rectal cancer cases. The percentage of PstI variant genotype (54.9%: 52.9% C1/C2 and 2.0% C2/C2) in colon cancer cases was significantly higher than that in controls (adjusted OR1.979, 95% CI 1.090 approximately 3.595). Stratified analysis suggested an interaction between CYP2E1 C2 allele and salted food. The odds ratio (OR) for the CYP2E1 variant genotype, salted food eaten weekly or biweekly and eaten every day or every other day were 1.935, 2.122 and 2.315, respectively, while those of salted food combined with variant genotype eaten weekly or biweekly and eaten every day or every other day were 2.272 and 3.127. The role in risk for rectal cancer was different from that for colon cancer. Whatever the CYP2E1 genotype is, the risk for rectal cancer came to marked when salted food was consumed weekly or biweekly (OR = 2.646 and 2.297, respectively). However, none but the combined effect of variant genotype and salted food eaten every day or every other day had the notably risk for colon cancer and the odds ratio suddenly increased to 4.262 (95% CI 1.395 approximately 13.017), 1.69-fold higher than that of wild genotype (P = 0.072).The CYP2E1 C2 allele is a susceptibility factor for colorectal cancer, especially for colon cancer, and there is an apparent gene-environment interaction between the susceptible genotype and salted food.

The pollution of drinking water, for example river and pool, has long been recognized to be associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in previous epidemiological studies. There is little prospect cohort study with person-years directly on the relative risks of different sources of drinking water for CRC.From May 1989 to April 1990, a screening for CRC was carried out among residents aged 30 and over 30 years in 10 villages and towns of Jiashan in China. A total of 64115 residents who participated the screening were classified into 5 cohorts by the source of drinking water and were followed-up for CRC incidence through a tumor reporting system including a rapid reporting system of CRC Registry and for death instance through Death Registration of Jiashan. After 11 years of follow-up, person-years calculated with every cohort member, the incidence densities of CRC with different sources of drinking water were analyzed respectively. Poisson regression was used to control potential confounding variables including demography variables and smoke history and to attain crude and adjusted relative risks based on person-years.A trend was seen toward increasing incidence rates of colorectal cancer from municipal, river, channel, mixed water to well source in turn as shown as 29.61, 32.67, 33.45, 40.87, 58.67 per 100,000 inhabitants, and only the role in risk of well water was marked different from municipal water (P0.05). After adjusted the confounding variables by multi-Poisson regression, we found the significant risk of drinking well water for colon cancer, rectal cancer, and colorectal cancer. The relative risks were 1.741 (95%CI 1.001-3.029), 2.228 (95%CI 1.432-3.466), and 2.022 (95%CI 1.432-2.854), respectively.Drinking well water long is a risk factor for colorectal cancer in Jiashan, especially for rectal cancer.

To clarify the influence of genetic polymorphisms on colorectal cancer.The results of 42 related studies from 1990 to 2001 were analyzed by meta-analysis. Mantel-Haenzel fixed-effect model or Dersimonian-Laird random-effect model and ReviewManager 4.1 statistical program were applied in processing the data.Meta analysis of these studies showed that GSTT1 deletion (pooled OR = 1.42), N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2)-rapid acetylator phenotype and genotye (pooled OR = 1.08) and NAT2-rapid acetylator phenotype (pooled OR = 1.15) had a significantly increased risk for colorectal cancer (P0.05), other genotypes like GSTM1 deletion, GSTP1 1le105Val, NAT1*10, NAT2-rapid acetylator genotype CYP1A1 L1e462Val, CYP1A1 MspI*C, MTHFR C677T and MTR A2759G had no significant relationship with colorectal cancer (P0.05).Risks for colorectal cancer are significantly associated with the genetic polymorphisms of GSTT1 deletion, NAT2-rapid acetylator phenotype and genotye and NAT2-rapid acetylator phenotype.