1. Persistence of nevirapine exposure during the postpartum period after intrapartum single-dose nevirapine in addition to zidovudine prophylaxis for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1
- Author
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Tim R, Cressey, Gonzague, Jourdain, Marc J, Lallemant, Suparat, Kunkeaw, J Brooks, Jackson, Philippa, Musoke, Edmund, Capparelli, and Mark, Mirochnick
- Subjects
Adult ,Adolescent ,Anti-HIV Agents ,Pregnancy ,Humans ,Female ,HIV Infections ,Nevirapine ,Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ,Thailand ,Zidovudine ,Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical - Abstract
To determine nevirapine (NVP) plasma levels during the postpartum period after a single intrapartum NVP dose for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission.Plasma samples at delivery and during days 8 to 45 postpartum were obtained from HIV-infected Thai women who received an intrapartum NVP dose in the Perinatal HIV Prevention Clinical Trial-2 (PHPT-2) for the prevention of perinatal HIV transmission. These data were combined with NVP concentration data from 2 phase 1 studies of NVP for a population analysis.The median NVP level fell to 68 ng/mL (range:50-228, n = 43) 8 to 14 days after dosing and to 51 ng/mL (range:50-166, n = 25) between 15 and 21 days. During the second and third weeks postpartum, NVP levels were below the limit of quantitation in 23% and 44% of samples, respectively. Between 21 and 45 days, no sample had a quantifiable NVP concentration. A simulation derived from the population analysis predicts that NVP concentration falls to less than 10 ng/mL in 5% of women by 11 days, in 50% of women by 17.5 days, and in 95% of women by 28 days.Significant NVP concentrations remained for up to 20 days in these Thai women. To ensure that coverage is maintained until NVP concentrations fall to nonsuppressive levels, 1 month of additional antiretroviral treatment after delivery should be considered to prevent the emergence of resistant viruses.
- Published
- 2005